4-Hydroxyestrone Explained
4-Hydroxyestrone (4-OHE1), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,4-diol-17-one, is an endogenous, naturally occurring catechol estrogen and a minor metabolite of estrone and estradiol.[1] [2] [3] It is estrogenic, similarly to many other hydroxylated estrogen metabolites such as 2-hydroxyestradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone, estriol (16α-hydroxyestradiol), and 4-hydroxyestradiol but unlike 2-hydroxyestrone.[4]
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Notes and References
- Book: Michael . Oettel . Ekkehard . Schillinger . vanc . Estrogens and Antiestrogens I: Physiology and Mechanisms of Action of Estrogens and Antiestrogens. 6 December 2012. Springer Science & Business Media. 978-3-642-58616-3. 224, 232, 244–245, 249.
- Book: Rakel, David . vanc . Integrative Medicine. 2012. Elsevier Health Sciences. 978-1-4377-1793-8. 338–.
- Book: Buchsbaum HJ . The Menopause. 6 December 2012. Springer Science & Business Media. 978-1-4612-5525-3. 64–65.
- Bhavnani BR, Nisker JA, Martin J, Aletebi F, Watson L, Milne JK . Comparison of pharmacokinetics of a conjugated equine estrogen preparation (premarin) and a synthetic mixture of estrogens (C.E.S.) in postmenopausal women . Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation . 7 . 3 . 175–83 . 2000 . 10865186 . 10.1016/s1071-5576(00)00049-6.