4,4'-Dimethylaminorex Explained

4,4'-Dimethylaminorex (abbreviated as 4,4'-DMAR), sometimes referred to by the street name "Serotoni", is a psychostimulant and entactogen designer drug related to aminorex, 4-methylaminorex, and pemoline.[1] It was first detected in the Netherlands in December 2012,[2] and has been sold as a designer drug around Europe since mid-2013.

4,4'-DMAR had been linked to at least 31 deaths in Hungary, Poland, and the UK by February 2014, mostly when consumed in combination with other drugs.[3] Nineteen deaths linked to 4,4'-DMAR were reported in Northern Ireland in the same time period.[4]

4,4'-DMAR acts as a potent and balanced serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with EC50 values for serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine release of 18.5 nM, 26.9 nM, and 8.6 nM, respectively.

Legality

The UK Home Office expressed intent to ban 4,4'-DMAR following advice from the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs[5] and subsequently it became a class A drug on 11 March 2015.[6]

4,4'-DMAR is an Anlage II controlled substance in Germany .[7]

Sweden's public health agency suggested to classify 4,4'-DMAR as hazardous substance on November 10, 2014.[8]

4,4'-DMAR is also banned in the Czech Republic.[9]

4,4'-DMAR is a Schedule I controlled substance in the US as of November 8, 2021. It only received two public comments during its public commenting period prior to being scheduled.[10] [11]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Brandt SD, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Kavanagh PV, Power JD, Talbot B, Twamley B, Mahony O, O'Brien J, Elliott SP, Archer RP, Patrick J, Singh K, Dempster NM, Cosbey SH . 6 . Characterization of a novel and potentially lethal designer drug (±)-cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR, or 'Serotoni') . Drug Testing and Analysis . 6 . 7–8 . 684–95 . 2014 . 24841869 . 4128571 . 10.1002/dta.1668 .
  2. Web site: EMCDDA 2012 Annual report on the state of the drugs problem in Europe . 2014-04-21 . 2014-04-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140423052810/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_190854_EN_TDAC12001ENC_.pdf . live .
  3. Web site: Risk Assessment Report of a new psychoactive substance: 4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amine (4,4′-dimethylaminorex, 4,4′-DMAR) . European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) . November 2014 . 2016-02-11 . 2016-03-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160316181830/http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/931/4%2C4%27-DMAR%20Risk%20Assessment%20Report.pdf . live .
  4. Web site: Unregulated stimulant drug blamed for 19 deaths, Belfast inquest told. . The Guardian . 5 June 2014 . 13 December 2016 . 8 February 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208035940/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jun/05/unregulated-stimulant-drug-blamed-19-deaths-belfast-inquest . live .
  5. Web site: Letter to ACMD regarding advice on MT-45 and 4,4'-DMAR . UK Home Office . 26 November 2014 . 19 February 2015 . 19 February 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150219210330/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/letter-to-acmd-regarding-advice-on-mt-45-and-44-dmar . live .
  6. Web site: Circular 003/2015: a change to the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971: control of MT-45 and 4,4'-DMAR . UK Home Office . 20 February 2015 . 11 March 2015 . 2 April 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114806/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/circular-0032015-a-change-to-the-misuse-of-drugs-act-1971-control-of-mt-45-and-44-dmar . live .
  7. Web site: Gesetz über den Verkehr mit Betäubungsmitteln (Betäubungsmittelgesetz - BtMG) Anlage II (zu § 1 Abs. 1) (verkehrsfähige, aber nicht verschreibungsfähige Betäubungsmittel) . German . 29 June 2015 . 24 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045119/http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/btmg_1981/anlage_ii.html . live .
  8. Web site: Cannabinoider föreslås bli klassade som hälsofarlig vara . Swedish . 29 June 2015.
  9. Web site: Látky, o které byl doplněn seznam č. 4 psychotropních látek (příloha č. 4 k nařízení vlády č. 463/2013 Sb.) . Ministerstvo zdravotnictví . Czech . 2016-02-06 . 2016-03-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160309174659/http://www.mzcr.cz/Admin/_upload/files/3/Nov%C3%A9%20PL.pdf . live .
  10. Web site: Federal Register :: Request Access .
  11. Web site: 2021 - Placement of 4,4'-DMAR in Schedule I.

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