| Unit Name: | 3rd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery |
| Dates: | 1917–present |
| Country: | United States |
| Branch: | Regular Army |
| Type: | Field artillery |
| Size: | Battalion |
| Command Structure: | 101st Airborne Division Artillery |
| Garrison: | Fort Campbell |
| Nickname: | "Red Knight Rakkasans" |
| Motto: | "Volens Et Potens" |
| Equipment: | M119A3 Howitzer M777A2 Howitzer |
| Battles: | World War I World War II Operations Desert Shield & Desert Storm Operation Enduring Freedom, Afghanistan Operation Iraqi Freedom |
| Identification Symbol Label: | Distinctive unit insignia |
| Identification Symbol 2 Label: | Background trimming |
The 3rd Battalion, 320th Field Artillery Regiment (3-320th FAR) is a Field Artillery Branch battalion assigned to the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has been assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division, 11th Airborne Division and 101st Airborne Division. The battalion has participated in World War I, World War II, Operation Desert Storm, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom.
The 3-320th FAR's beginnings can be traced back to America's entry into World War I. As part of U.S. mobilization, 3-320th was constituted, organized and activated in August 1917 as Battery C, 320th Field Artillery (C/320th FA). As part of the original 82nd Division, C/320th FA played a key role at Lorraine, St. Mihiel, and the Meuse Argonne region in France. Following the Armistice, the 320th FA demobilized, only to be reconstituted in June 1921 as part of the United States Organized Reserves.
In August 1942, when the 82nd Infantry Division was converted to an airborne division, the 320th FA (including C/320th) was reorganized and redesignated as the 320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion (GFAB). As part of the 82nd Airborne Division, the 320th GFAB fought in a number of hot spots. First, the 320th GFAB was part of the campaign in Sicily, acting in reserve. The unit first saw action at the Volturno River on the Italian mainland. The crucial Normandy invasion was the next stop for the 320th GFAB. Under difficult conditions, the unit helped make the invasion a success. As a result of the 320th's actions during Operation Overlord, the unit was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation and two French Croix de Guerre. The 320th GFAB next fought in Operation Market Garden and then the Battle of the Bulge when the Germans attempted their last-ditch offensive. The 320th GFAB then fought and played a role in the final push through the Rhineland to defeat Germany. Upon the war's end the unit completed its duties in Europe as part of the post-war occupation in Berlin.
After the war, the 320th GFAB went through a number of transitions. It was inactivated on 15 December 1948 and relieved from assignment to the 82nd Airborne Division on 14 December 1950. On 1 August 1951 it was reorganized and redesignated as the 320th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion (AFAB), and activated at Fort Benning, Georgia with the 508th Airborne Regimental Combat Team (ARCT). The battalion served with the 508th ARCT at Fort Benning, Georgia, from 1951-1953, then moved to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, and became part of the 11th Airborne Division. In June–July 1955, the battalion moved with the 508th to Japan, replacing the 187th ARCT's 674th Airborne Field Artillery Battalion.
When the Army eliminated infantry regiments and battalions from division and organized under the Pentomic structure, the 320th Field Artillery was reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System. C/320th FA was initially assigned to the 11th Airborne Division in Germany on 1 March 1957, and inactivated on 1 July 1958 when the 11th Airborne was replaced by the 24th Infantry Division. The battery was reactivated on 1 July 1960, and served at Fort Bragg with the 82nd Airborne Division. As part of the restructuring to the Reorganization Objective Army Division, the battery was inactivated 25 May 1964.
C/320th FA were redesignated on 3 July 1968 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 3rd Battalion, 320th Artillery (3-320th Arty), and assigned once again to the 82nd Airborne Division. The battalion was activated to replace the 2-321st FA, which had deployed to Vietnam, in the strategic reserve. 3-320th again inactivated when the 2-321st returned from Vietnam in 1969.
As part of the transition to the U.S. Army Regimental System in 1986, the 3-320th was activated in the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, by reflagging the 3-319th.
3-320 FAR next saw action in the Middle East from 1990 until 1991. As a part of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), the battalion was part of the massive US force that drove the Iraqi Army from Kuwait. The 3-320 FAR was commanded during Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm by LTC Thomas J. Costello.
(Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps)
(320th Glider Field Artillery Battalion relieved 14 December 1950 from assignment to the 82d Airborne Division)
Note: The published Army lineage, dated 18 September 1996, shows no campaigns for the War on Terrorism. Comparison of the battalion's deployment dates with the War on Terrorism campaigns estimates that the battalion will be credited with participation in the additional campaigns listed.