April 3 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 686  - Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul.^[1]
• 1043  - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.^[2]
• 1077  - The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created.^[3]
• 1559  - The second of two treaties making up the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis is signed, ending the Italian Wars.^[4]

1601–1900

• 1721  - Robert Walpole becomes, in effect, the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, though he himself denied that title.^[5]
• 1851  - Rama IV is crowned King of Thailand after the death of his half-brother, Rama III.^[6]
• 1860  - The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins.^[7]
• 1865  - American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.^[8]
• 1882  - American Old West: Robert Ford kills Jesse James.^[9]
• 1885  - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for a light, high-speed, four-stroke engine, which he uses seven months later to create the world's first motorcycle, the Daimler Reitwagen.^[10]
• 1888  - Jack the Ripper: The first of 11 unsolved brutal murders of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.^[11]
• 1895  - The trial in the libel case brought by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.^[12]

1901–present

• 1920  - Attempts are made to carry out the failed assassination attempt on General Mannerheim, led by Aleksander Weckman by order of Eino Rahja, during the White Guard parade in Tampere, Finland.^{[13] [14]}
• 1922  - Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1933  - First flight over Mount Everest, the British Houston-Mount Everest Flight Expedition, led by the Marquis of Clydesdale and funded by Lucy, Lady Houston.^[15]
• 1936  - Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., the infant son of pilot Charles Lindbergh.^[16]
• 1942  - World War II: Japanese forces begin an assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
• 1946  - Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
• 1948  - Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, authorizing $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.^[17]
• 1948  - In Jeju Province, South Korea, a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses known as the Jeju uprising begins.
• 1955  - The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
• 1956  - Hudsonville–Standale tornado: The western half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado.
• 1968  - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech; he was assassinated the next day.^[18]
• 1969  - Vietnam War: United States Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.
• 1973  - Martin Cooper of Motorola makes the first handheld mobile phone call to Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.
• 1974  - The 1974 Super Outbreak occurs, the second largest tornado outbreak in recorded history (after the 2011 Super Outbreak). The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.
• 1975  - Vietnam War: Operation Babylift, a mass evacuation of children in the closing stages of the war begins.^[19]
• 1975  - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.
• 1980  - US Congress restores a federal trust relationship with the 501 members of the Shivwits, Kanosh, Koosharem, and the Indian Peaks and Cedar City bands of the Paiute people of Utah.^[20]
• 1981  - The Osborne 1, the first successful portable computer, is unveiled at the West Coast Computer Faire in San Francisco.^[21]
• 1989  - The US Supreme Court upholds the jurisdictional rights of tribal courts under the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978 in Mississippi Choctaw Band v. Holyfield.
• 1993  - The outcome of the Grand National horse race is declared void for the first (and only) time ^[22]
• 1996  - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is captured at his Montana cabin in the United States.
• 1996  - A United States Air Force Boeing T-43 crashes near Dubrovnik Airport in Croatia, killing 35, including Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown.^[23]
• 1997  - The Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but one of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
• 2000  - United States v. Microsoft Corp.: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust law by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
• 2004  - Islamic terrorists involved in the 2004 Madrid train bombings are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves.
• 2007  - Conventional-Train World Speed Record: A French TGV train on the LGV Est high speed line sets an official new world speed record of 574.8 km/h (159.6 m/s, 357.2 mph).
• 2008  - ATA Airlines, once one of the ten largest U.S. passenger airlines and largest charter airline, files for bankruptcy for the second time in five years and ceases all operations.
• 2008  - Texas law enforcement cordons off the FLDS's YFZ Ranch. Eventually 533 women and children will be taken into state custody.
• 2009  - Jiverly Antares Wong opens fire at the American Civic Association immigration center in Binghamton, New York, killing thirteen and wounding four before committing suicide.
• 2010  - Apple Inc. released the first generation iPad, a tablet computer.
• 2013  - More than 50 people die in floods resulting from record-breaking rainfall in La Plata and Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• 2016  - The Panama Papers, a leak of legal documents, reveals information on 214,488 offshore companies.
• 2017  - A bomb explodes in the St Petersburg metro system, killing 14 and injuring several more people.
• 2018  - YouTube headquarters shooting: A 38-year-old gunwoman opens fire at YouTube Headquarters in San Bruno, California, injuring three people before committing suicide.^[24]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1016  - Xing Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1055)
• 1151  - Igor Svyatoslavich, Russian prince (d. 1202)
• 1395  - George of Trebizond, Greek philosopher, scholar and humanist (d. 1486) ^[25]
• 1438  - John III of Egmont, Dutch nobleman (d. 1516)
• 1529  - Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1581)
• 1540  - Maria de' Medici, Italian noblewoman, the eldest daughter of Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Eleonora di Toledo. (d. 1557)
• 1593  - George Herbert, English poet (d. 1633)

1601–1900

• 1643  - Charles V, duke of Lorraine (d. 1690)
• 1682  - Valentin Rathgeber, German organist and composer (d. 1750)
• 1693  - George Edwards, English ornithologist and entomologist (d. 1773)
• 1715  - William Watson, English physician, physicist, and botanist (d. 1787)
• 1764  - John Abernethy, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1831)
• 1769  - Christian Günther von Bernstorff, Danish-Prussian politician and diplomat (d. 1835)
• 1770  - Theodoros Kolokotronis, Greek general (d. 1843)
• 1778  - Pierre Bretonneau, French doctor who performed the first successful tracheotomy (d. 1862)
• 1781  - Swaminarayan, Indian religious leader (d. 1830)
• 1782  - Alexander Macomb, American general (d. 1841)
• 1783  - Washington Irving, American short story writer, essayist, biographer, historian (d. 1859)
• 1791  - Anne Lister, English diarist, mountaineer, and traveller (d. 1840)
• 1798  - Charles Wilkes, American admiral, geographer, and explorer (d. 1877)
• 1807  - Mary Carpenter, English educational and social reformer (d. 1877)^[26]
• 1814  - Lorenzo Snow, American religious leader, 5th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)
• 1822  - Edward Everett Hale, American minister, historian, and author (d. 1909)
• 1823  - George Derby, American lieutenant and journalist (d. 1861)
• 1823  - William M. Tweed, American politician (d. 1878)
• 1826  - Cyrus K. Holliday, American businessman (d. 1900)
• 1837  - John Burroughs, American botanist and author (d. 1921)
• 1842  - Ulric Dahlgren, American colonel (d. 1864)
• 1848  - Arturo Prat, Chilean lawyer and captain (d. 1879)
• 1852  - Talbot Baines Reed, English author (d. 1893)^[27]
• 1858  - Jacob Gaudaur, Canadian rower (d. 1937)
• 1860  - Frederik van Eeden, Dutch psychiatrist and author (d. 1932)
• 1864  - Emil Kellenberger, Swiss target shooter (d. 1943)
• 1875  - Mistinguett, French actress and singer (d. 1956)
• 1876  - Margaret Anglin, Canadian actress, director, and producer (d. 1958)
• 1876  - Tomáš Baťa, Czech businessman, founded Bata Shoes (d. 1932)
• 1880  - Otto Weininger, Jewish-Austrian philosopher and author (d. 1903)
• 1881  - Alcide De Gasperi, Italian journalist and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1954)
• 1882  - Philippe Desranleau, Canadian archbishop (d. 1952)
• 1883  - Ikki Kita, Japanese philosopher and author (d. 1937)
• 1885  - Allan Dwan, Canadian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1981)
• 1885  - Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (d. 1954)
• 1885  - Marie-Victorin Kirouac, Canadian botanist and academic (d. 1944)
• 1885  - St John Philby, English colonial and explorer (d. 1960)
• 1886  - Dooley Wilson, American actor and singer (d. 1953)
• 1887  - Ōtori Tanigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 24th Yokozuna (d. 1956)
• 1887  - Nishizō Tsukahara, Japanese admiral (d. 1966)
• 1888  - Thomas C. Kinkaid, American admiral (d. 1972)
• 1889  - Grigoraș Dinicu, Romanian violinist and composer (d. 1949)
• 1893  - Leslie Howard, English actor (d. 1943)
• 1895  - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian-American composer and educator (d. 1968)
• 1895  - Zez Confrey, American pianist and composer (d. 1971)
• 1897  - Joe Kirkwood Sr., Australian golfer (d. 1970)
• 1897  - Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, Greek general (d. 1989)
• 1898  - David Jack, English footballer and manager (d. 1958)
• 1898  - George Jessel, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 1981)
• 1898  - Henry Luce, American publisher, co-founded Time magazine (d. 1967)
• 1900  - Camille Chamoun, Lebanese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Lebanon (d. 1987)
• 1900  - Albert Walsh, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1958)

1901–present

• 1903  - Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, Indian social reformer and freedom fighter (d. 1988)
• 1904  - Iron Eyes Cody, American actor and stuntman (d. 1999)
• 1904  - Sally Rand, American dancer (d. 1979)
• 1904  - Russel Wright, American furniture designer (d. 1976)
• 1905  - Robert Sink, American general (d. 1965)
• 1910  - Ted Hook, Australian public servant (d. 1990)
• 1911  - Nanette Bordeaux, Canadian-American actress (d. 1956)
• 1911  - Michael Woodruff, English-Scottish surgeon and academic (d. 2001)
• 1911  - Stanisława Walasiewicz, Polish-American runner (d. 1980)
• 1912  - Dorothy Eden, New Zealand-English author (d. 1982)
• 1912  - Grigoris Lambrakis, Greek physician and politician (d. 1963)
• 1913  - Per Borten, Norwegian politician, 18th Prime Minister of Norway (d. 2005)
• 1914  - Ray Getliffe, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2008)
• 1914  - Sam Manekshaw, Indian field marshal (d. 2008)
• 1915  - Piet de Jong, Dutch politician and naval officer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 2016)
• 1915  - İhsan Doğramacı, Turkish physician and academic (d. 2010)
• 1916  - Herb Caen, American journalist and author (d. 1997)
• 1916  - Cliff Gladwin, English cricketer (d. 1988)
• 1916  - Louis Guglielmi, Catalan composer (d. 1991)
• 1918  - Mary Anderson, American actress (d. 2014)
• 1918  - Louis Applebaum, Canadian composer and conductor (d. 2000)
• 1919  - Ervin Drake, American songwriter and composer (d. 2015)
• 1919  - Clairette Oddera, French-Canadian actress and singer (d. 2008)
• 1920  - Stan Freeman, American composer and conductor (d. 2001)
• 1920  - Yoshibayama Junnosuke, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 43rd Yokozuna (d. 1977)
• 1921  - Robert Karvelas, American actor (d. 1991)
• 1921  - Jan Sterling, American actress (d. 2004)
• 1922  - Yevhen Bulanchyk, Ukrainian hurdler (d. 1996)
• 1922  - Doris Day, American singer and actress (d. 2019)
• 1923  - Daniel Hoffman, American poet and academic (d. 2013)
• 1924  - Marlon Brando, American actor and director (d. 2004)
• 1924  - Roza Shanina, Russian sergeant and sniper (d. 1945)
• 1925  - Tony Benn, English pilot and politician, Secretary of State for Industry (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Alex Grammas, American baseball player, manager, and coach (d. 2019)
• 1926  - Gus Grissom, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 1967)^[28]
• 1927  - Wesley A. Brown, American general and engineer (d. 2012)
• 1928  - Don Gibson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
• 1928  - Emmett Johns, Canadian priest, founded Dans la Rue (d. 2018)
• 1928  - Earl Lloyd, American basketball player and coach (d. 2015)
• 1928  - Jennifer Paterson, English chef and television personality (d. 1999)
• 1929  - Fazlur Rahman Khan, Bangladeshi engineer and architect, co-designed the Willis Tower and John Hancock Center (d. 1982)
• 1929  - Poul Schlüter, Danish lawyer and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 2021)
• 1930  - Lawton Chiles, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 41st Governor of Florida (d. 1998)
• 1930  - Helmut Kohl, German politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 2017)
• 1930  - Mario Benjamín Menéndez, Argentinian general and politician (d. 2015)
• 1930  - Wally Moon, American baseball player and coach (d. 2018)
• 1931  - William Bast, American screenwriter and author (d. 2015)
• 1933  - Bob Dornan, American politician
• 1933  - Rod Funseth, American golfer (d. 1985)
• 1934  - Pamela Allen, New Zealand children's writer and illustrator
• 1934  - Jane Goodall, English primatologist and anthropologist^[29]
• 1934  - Jim Parker, American football player (d. 2005)
• 1935  - Harold Kushner, American rabbi and author (d. 2023)^[30]
• 1936  - Jimmy McGriff, American organist and bandleader (d. 2008)
• 1936  - Harold Vick, American saxophonist and flute player (d. 1987)
• 1938  - Jeff Barry, American singer-songwriter, and producer
• 1938  - Phil Rodgers, American golfer (d. 2018)
• 1939  - François de Roubaix, French composer (d. 1975)
• 1939  - Hawk Taylor, American baseball player and coach (d. 2012)
• 1939  - Paul Craig Roberts, American economist and politician
• 1941  - Jan Berry, American singer-songwriter (d. 2004)
• 1941  - Philippé Wynne, American soul singer (d. 1984)
• 1942  - Marsha Mason, American actress
• 1942  - Wayne Newton, American singer
• 1942  - Billy Joe Royal, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2015)
• 1943  - Mario Lavista, Mexican composer (d. 2021)
• 1943  - Jonathan Lynn, English actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1943  - Richard Manuel, Canadian singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1986)
• 1943  - Hikaru Saeki, Japanese admiral, the first female star officer of the Japan Self-Defense Forces
• 1944  - Peter Colman, Australian biologist and academic
• 1944  - Tony Orlando, American singer
• 1945  - Doon Arbus, American author and journalist
• 1945  - Bernie Parent, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1945  - Catherine Spaak, French actress (d. 2022)
• 1946  - Nicholas Jones, English actor
• 1946  - Dee Murray, English bass player (d. 1992)
• 1946  - Hanna Suchocka, Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland^[31]
• 1947  - Anders Eliasson, Swedish composer (d. 2013)
• 1948  - Arlette Cousture, Canadian author and screenwriter
• 1948  - Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, Dutch academic, politician, and diplomat, 11th Secretary General of NATO
• 1948  - Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck, German footballer
• 1948  - Carlos Salinas de Gortari, Mexican economist and politician, 53rd President of Mexico^[32]
• 1949  - Lyle Alzado, American football player and actor (d. 1992)
• 1949  - A. C. Grayling, English philosopher and academic
• 1949  - Richard Thompson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950  - Indrajit Coomaraswamy, Sri Lankan cricketer and economist
• 1951  - Brendan Barber, English trade union leader
• 1951  - Annette Dolphin, British academician and educator
• 1951  - Mitch Woods, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1952  - Mike Moore, American lawyer and politician
• 1953  - Sandra Boynton, American author and illustrator
• 1953  - Wakanohana Kanji II, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 56th Yokozuna (d. 2022)
• 1953  - James Smith, American boxer
• 1954  - Elisabetta Brusa, Italian composer
• 1954  - K. Krishnasamy, Indian physician and politician
• 1956  - Kalle Kulbok, Estonian politician
• 1956  - Boris Miljković, Serbian director and producer
• 1956  - Miguel Bosé, Spanish musician and actor
• 1956  - Ray Combs, American game show host (d. 1996)
• 1958  - Alec Baldwin, American actor, comedian, producer and television host^[33]
• 1958  - Adam Gussow, American scholar, musician, and memoirist
• 1958  - Francesca Woodman, American photographer (d. 1981)
• 1959  - David Hyde Pierce, American actor and activist
• 1960  - Arjen Anthony Lucassen, Dutch singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1961  - Tim Crews, American baseball player (d. 1993)
• 1961  - Eddie Murphy, American actor and comedian
• 1962  - Dave Miley, American baseball player and manager
• 1962  - Mike Ness, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1962  - Jaya Prada, Indian actress and politician
• 1963  - Les Davidson, Australian rugby league player
• 1963  - Ricky Nixon, Australian footballer and manager
• 1963  - Criss Oliva, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 1993)
• 1964  - Marco Ballotta, Italian footballer and manager
• 1964  - Nigel Farage, English politician
• 1964  - Claire Perry, English banker and politician
• 1964  - Bjarne Riis, Danish cyclist and manager
• 1964  - Andy Robinson, English rugby player and coach
• 1964  - Jay Weatherill, Australian politician, 45th Premier of South Australia
• 1965  - Nazia Hassan, Pakistani pop singer-songwriter, lawyer and social activist (d. 2000)^[34]
• 1966  - John de Vries, Australian race car driver
• 1967  - Cat Cora, American chef and author
• 1967  - Pervis Ellison, American basketball player
• 1967  - Brent Gilchrist, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1967  - Cristi Puiu, Romanian director and screenwriter
• 1967  - Mark Skaife, Australian race car driver and sportscaster
• 1968  - Sebastian Bach, Bahamian-Canadian singer-songwriter and actor
• 1968  - Charlotte Coleman, English actress (d. 2001)
• 1968  - Jamie Hewlett, English director and performer
• 1968  - Tomoaki Kanemoto, Japanese baseball player
• 1969  - Rodney Hampton, American football player
• 1969  - Peter Matera, Australian footballer and coach
• 1969  - Ben Mendelsohn, Australian actor
• 1969  - Lance Storm, Canadian wrestler and trainer
• 1971  - Vitālijs Astafjevs, Latvian footballer and manager
• 1971  - Emmanuel Collard, French race car driver
• 1971  - Picabo Street, American skier
• 1972  - Jennie Garth, American actress and director
• 1972  - Catherine McCormack, English actress
• 1972  - Sandrine Testud, French tennis player
• 1973  - Nilesh Kulkarni, Indian cricketer
• 1973  - Adam Scott, American actor
• 1974  - Marcus Brown, American basketball player
• 1974  - Lee Williams, Welsh model and actor
• 1975  - Shawn Bates, American ice hockey player
• 1975  - Michael Olowokandi, Nigerian-American basketball player
• 1975  - Aries Spears, American comedian and actor
• 1975  - Yoshinobu Takahashi, Japanese baseball player
• 1975  - Koji Uehara, Japanese baseball player
• 1976  - Nicolas Escudé, French tennis player
• 1978  - Matthew Goode, English actor
• 1978  - Tommy Haas, German-American tennis player
• 1978  - John Smit, South African rugby player
• 1979  - Simon Black, Australian footballer and coach
• 1980  - Andrei Lodis, Belarusian footballer
• 1980  - Megan Rohrer, American pastor and transgender activist
• 1981  - Aaron Bertram, American trumpet player
• 1981  - DeShawn Stevenson, American basketball player
• 1982  - Jared Allen, American football player
• 1982  - Iain Fyfe, Australian footballer
• 1982  - Cobie Smulders, Canadian actress
• 1983  - Ben Foster, English footballer
• 1983  - Stephen Weiss, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984  - Jonathan Blondel, Belgian footballer
• 1984  - Maxi López, Argentinian footballer
• 1985  - Jari-Matti Latvala, Finnish race car driver
• 1985  - Leona Lewis, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1986  - Amanda Bynes, American actress
• 1986  - Stephanie Cox, American soccer player
• 1986  - Annalisa Cucinotta, Italian cyclist
• 1986  - Sergio Sánchez Ortega, Spanish footballer
• 1987  - Rachel Bloom, American actress, writer, and producer
• 1987  - Jay Bruce, American baseball player
• 1987  - Yileen Gordon, Australian rugby league player
• 1987  - Jason Kipnis, American baseball player
• 1987  - Martyn Rooney, English sprinter
• 1987  - Julie Sokolow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1987  - Yuval Spungin, Israeli footballer^[35]
• 1988  - Kam Chancellor, American football player
• 1988  - Brandon Graham, American football player
• 1988  - Peter Hartley, English footballer
• 1988  - Tim Krul, Dutch footballer
• 1989  - Romain Alessandrini, French footballer
• 1989  - Israel Folau, Australian rugby player and footballer
• 1989  - Joel Romelo, Australian rugby league player
• 1989  - Thisara Perera, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1990  - Karim Ansarifard, Iranian footballer
• 1990  - Madison Brengle, American tennis player
• 1990  - Sotiris Ninis, Greek footballer
• 1990  - Natasha Negovanlis, Canadian actress and singer
• 1991  - Hayley Kiyoko, American actress and singer
• 1992  - Simone Benedetti, Italian footballer
• 1992  - Yuliya Yefimova, Russian swimmer
• 1993  - Pape Moussa Konaté, Senegalese footballer
• 1994  - Kodi Nikorima, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1994  - Dylann Roof, American mass murderer^[36]
• 1996  - Mayo Hibi, Japanese tennis player
• 1997  - Gabriel Jesus, Brazilian footballer
• 1998  - Paris Jackson, American actress, model and singer
• 1999  - Chanel Harris-Tavita, New Zealand-Samoan rugby league player^[37]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 963  - William III, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 915)
• 1153  - al-Adil ibn al-Sallar, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate
• 1171  - Philip of Milly, seventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar (b.)
• 1203  - Arthur I, Duke of Brittany (b. 1187)
• 1253  - Saint Richard of Chichester
• 1287  - Pope Honorius IV (b. 1210)^[38]
• 1325  - Nizamuddin Auliya, Sufi saint (b. 1238)
• 1350  - Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1295)
• 1538  - Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire (b. 1480)
• 1545  - Antonio de Guevara, Spanish chronicler and moralist (b. 1481)

1601–1900

• 1606  - Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1563)
• 1630  - Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey, English noble (b. c.  1593)
• 1637  - Joseph Yuspa Nördlinger Hahn, German rabbi^[39]
• 1680  - Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, Indian emperor, founded the Maratha Empire (b. 1630)
• 1682  - Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter and educator (b. 1618)
• 1691  - Jean Petitot, French-Swiss painter (b. 1608)
• 1695  - Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter (b. 1636)
• 1717  - Jacques Ozanam, French mathematician and academic (b. 1640)
• 1728  - James Anderson, Scottish lawyer and historian (b. 1662)
• 1792  - George Pocock, English admiral (b. 1706)
• 1804  - Jędrzej Kitowicz, Polish priest, historian, and author (b. 1727)
• 1826  - Reginald Heber, English priest (b. 1783)Book: Hughes, Derrick. Bishop Sahib: A Life of Reginald Heber. Churchman Publishing. Worthing, UK. 1986 . 978-1-85093-043-3 . 178 - 180.
• 1827  - Ernst Chladni, German physicist and academic (b. 1756)
• 1838  - François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician and author (b. 1780)
• 1844  - Edward Bigge, English cleric, 1st Archdeacon of Lindisfarne (b. 1807)
• 1846  - William Braine, English soldier and explorer (b. 1814)
• 1849  - Juliusz Słowacki, Polish-French poet and playwright (b. 1809)
• 1868  - Franz Berwald, Swedish composer and surgeon (b. 1796)
• 1880  - Felicita Vestvali, German actress and opera singer (b. 1831)
• 1882  - Jesse James, American criminal and outlaw (b. 1847)
• 1897  - Johannes Brahms, German pianist and composer (b. 1833)

1901–present

• 1901  - Richard D'Oyly Carte, English composer and talent agent (b. 1844)
• 1902  - Esther Hobart Morris, American lawyer and judge (b. 1814)
• 1930  - Emma Albani, Canadian-English operatic soprano (b. 1847)
• 1936  - Richard Hauptmann, German-American murderer (b. 1899)
• 1941  - Tachiyama Mineemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 22nd Yokozuna (b. 1877)
• 1941  - Pál Teleki, Hungarian academic and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1879)
• 1943  - Conrad Veidt, German actor, director, and producer (b. 1893)
• 1946  - Masaharu Homma, Japanese general (b. 1887)
• 1950  - Kurt Weill, German-American composer and pianist (b. 1900)
• 1950  - Carter G. Woodson, American historian, author, and journalist, founded Black History Month (b. 1875)
• 1951  - Henrik Visnapuu, Estonian poet and playwright (b. 1890)
• 1952  - Miina Sillanpää, Finnish minister and politician (b. 1866)
• 1957  - Ned Sparks, Canadian-American actor (b. 1883)
• 1958  - Jaan Kärner, Estonian poet and author (b. 1891)
• 1962  - Manolis Kalomiris, Greek composer and educator (b. 1883)
• 1970  - Avigdor Hameiri, Israeli author (b. 1890)
• 1971  - Joseph Valachi, American gangster (b. 1904)
• 1972  - Ferde Grofé, American pianist and composer (b. 1892)
• 1975  - Mary Ure, Scottish-English actress (b. 1933)
• 1976  - David M. Dennison, American physicist and academic (b. 1900)
• 1976  - Claude-Henri Grignon, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1894)
• 1978  - Ray Noble, English bandleader, composer, and actor (b. 1903)
• 1978  - Winston Sharples, American composer (b. 1909)
• 1981  - Juan Trippe, American businessman, founded Pan American World Airways (b. 1899)
• 1982  - Warren Oates, American actor (b. 1928)
• 1983  - Jimmy Bloomfield, English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
• 1986  - Peter Pears, English tenor and educator (b. 1910)
• 1987  - Tom Sestak, American football player (b. 1936)
• 1988  - Milton Caniff, American cartoonist (b. 1907)
• 1990  - Sarah Vaughan, American singer (b. 1924)
• 1991  - Charles Goren, American bridge player and author (b. 1901)
• 1991  - Graham Greene, English novelist, playwright, and critic (b. 1904)
• 1993  - Pinky Lee, American television host (b. 1907)
• 1994  - Frank Wells, American businessman (b. 1932)
• 1995  - Alfred J. Billes, Canadian businessman, co-founded Canadian Tire (b. 1902)
• 1996  - Ron Brown, American captain and politician, 30th United States Secretary of Commerce (b. 1941)
• 1997  - John Ugelstad, Norwegian chemical engineer and inventor (b. 1921)^[40]
• 1998  - Mary Cartwright, English mathematician and academic (b. 1900)
• 1999  - Lionel Bart, English composer (b. 1930)
• 1999  - Geoffrey Walsh, Canadian general (b. 1909)
• 2000  - Terence McKenna, American botanist and philosopher (b. 1946)
• 2000  - Dina Abramowicz, Librarian and YIVO and Yiddish language expert (b. 1909)^[41]
• 2005  - François Gérin, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1944)
• 2007  - Nina Wang, Chinese businesswoman (b. 1937)
• 2008  - Hrvoje Ćustić, Croatian footballer (b. 1983)
• 2012  - Mingote, Spanish cartoonist and journalist (b. 1919)
• 2012  - Richard Descoings, French civil servant (b. 1958)
• 2012  - Govind Narain, Indian politician, 8th Governor of Karnataka (b. 1917)
• 2012  - Chief Jay Strongbow, American wrestler (b. 1928)
• 2012  - José María Zárraga, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1930)
• 2013  - Mariví Bilbao, Spanish actress (b. 1930)
• 2013  - Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, German-American author and screenwriter (b. 1927)
• 2014  - Régine Deforges, French author, playwright, and director (b. 1935)
• 2014  - Fred Kida, American illustrator (b. 1920)
• 2014  - Prince Michael of Prussia (b. 1940)
• 2014  - Jovan Pavlović, Serbian metropolitan (b. 1936)
• 2014  - Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith, American guitarist, fiddler, and composer (b. 1921)
• 2015  - Sarah Brady, American activist and author (b. 1942)
• 2015  - Bob Burns, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1950)
• 2015  - Shmuel Wosner, Austrian-Israeli rabbi and author (b. 1913)
• 2016  - Cesare Maldini, Italian footballer and manager (b. 1932)
• 2016  - Joe Medicine Crow, American anthropologist, historian, and author (b. 1913)
• 2016  - Koji Wada, Japanese singer and songwriter (b. 1974)
• 2017  - Kishori Amonkar, Indian classical vocalist (b. 1931)
• 2021  - Stan Stephens, Canadian-American politician, 20th Governor of Montana (b. 1929)^[42]
• 2022  - June Brown, English actress (b. 1927)^[43]
• 2024  - Bob Lanigan, Australian rugby league player (b. 1942)^[44]
• 2024  - Gaetano Pesce, Italian architect and designer (b. 1939)^[45]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Agape, Chionia, and Irene
  • Burgundofara
  • Luigi Scrosoppi
  • Richard of Chichester
  • April 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 3

Notes and References

1. Book: Martin. Simon. Grube. Nikolai. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London. Thames & Hudson. 2008. 9780500287262. 110.
2. Book: Barlow, Frank. Edward the Confessor. New Haven, Conn.. Yale University Press. 1997. 9780300071566. 61.
3. Book: Coluzzii, Paolo. Minority Language Planning and Micronationalism in Italy: An Analysis of the Situation of Friulian, Cimbrian and Western Lombard With Reference to Spanish Minority Languages. Oxford, UK. Peter Lang. 2007. 9783039110414. 171.
4. Book: Ramcharan, Bertrand G.. International Peace Conferences. Leiden. Brill Nijhoff. 2015. 9789004245891. 19–20.
5. Web site: Marples. Alice. 1 April 2021. Sir Robert Walpole: Britain's first Prime Minister. live. 3 April 2021. The National Archives. https://web.archive.org/web/20210401162823/https://blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk/sir-robert-walpole-britains-first-prime-minister/ . 2021-04-01 .
6. Book: Bowman, John Stewart. Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture. New York. Columbia University Press. 2000. 9780231110044. 515. none.

   Book: Soonthornthum. Boonrucksar. Orchiston. Wayne. King Rama IV: Astronomer and 'The Father of Thai Science'. Exploring the History of Southeast Asian Astronomy: A Review of Current Projects and Future Prospects and Possibilities. Soonthornthum. Boonrucksar. Orchiston. Wayne. Cham, Switzerland. Springer. 2021. 9783030627775. 253.

7. Book: Corbett, Christopher. Orphans Preferred: The Twisted Truth and Lasting Legend of the Pony Express. New York. Broadway Books. 2003. 9780767906920. 46–48.
8. Book: McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York. Oxford University Press. 2006. 9780195038637. 837.
9. Book: Stiles, T.J.. Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War. New York. Vintage Books. 2003. 9780375705588. 3–4.
10. Book: Avery, Derek. Motorcycles. London. Caxton Editions. 2003. 9781840673203. 4. none.

    Book: Mangone, Gerard J.. Marine Policy for America. New York. Taylor & Francis. 1988. 9780844815374. 41.

11. Book: Keppel. Robert D.. Birnes. William J.. Serial Violence: Analysis of Modus Operandi and Signature Characteristics of Killers. Boca Raton, Fla.. CRC Press. 2009. 9781420066326. 41–42.
12. Book: Grech, Leanne. Oscar Wilde's Aesthetic Education: The Oxford Classical Curriculum. Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. 2019. 9783030143749. 210.
13. http://www.mikkoporvali.fi/index.php?page=1038&lang=1 Mikko Porvali : Murhayritys joka jäi tekemättä
14. https://walkhelsinki.fi/mannerheimin-murhayrityksen-jalkinaytos-kaytiin-vallilassa/ Mannerheimin murhayrityksen jälkinäytös käytiin Vallilassa
15. Web site: WINGS OVER EVEREST: The Story of the Houston - Mt. Everest Flight. movingimage.nls.ukwww.parliament.uk . March 22, 2024.
16. Web site: Lindbergh Kidnapping. fbi.gov . March 22, 2024.
17. Web site: 2022-06-29 . Marshall Plan (1948). www.archives.gov . March 23, 2024.
18. Web site: "I've Been to the Mountaintop" . stanford.edu . The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute . March 23, 2024.
19. Martin, Allison, The Legacy of Operation Babylift, Adoption Today journal, Volume 2, Number 4 March 2000. "On April 3rd, a combination of private and military transport planes began to fly more children out of Vietnam as part of the operation. Numbers vary, but it appears that at least 2,000 children were flown to the United States and approximately 1,300 children were flown to Canada, Europe and Australia."
20. Book: Champagne, Duane. The Native North American Almanac. Gale Group. 2001. 0787616559. Farmington Hills, MI.
21. Web site: Osborne launches the first portable computer, the Osborne 1. www.computinghistory.org.uk . March 23, 2024.
22. Web site: The Grand National That Never Was. 27 January 2020 . Grand National . John . Hill . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230326033310/https://www.grandnational.org.uk/news/the-grand-national-that-never-was/ . Mar 26, 2023 .
23. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Boeing T-43A (737-200) 73-1149 Dubrovnik Airport (DBV) . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network. 2 April 2022.
24. Web site: YouTube headquarters shooting: How the attack unfolded . 2022-04-03 . ABC News . en.
25. Book: George of Trebizond: A Biography and a Study of His Rhetoric and Logic . 9004043705 . Monfasani . John . 1976 . BRILL .
26. Book: Carpenter, Joseph Estlin. The Life and Work of Mary Carpenter. London. Macmillan. 1879. 1. 1043956884.
27. Book: Morison, Stanley. Talbot Baines Reed: Author, Bibliographer, Typefounder. Published by Stanley Morison: printed privately by the Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England. 1960 . 1 - 3.
28. Web site: Virgil I. Grissom American astronaut . Encyclopedia Britannica . 19 January 2021 . en.
29. Web site: Micalizio . Caryl-Sue . 2024-02-28 . Jane Goodall. nationalgeographic.org . March 23, 2024.
30. News: Rabbi Harold S. Kushner, Reassuring Best-Selling Author, Dies at 88. Roberts. Sam. The New York Times. April 28, 2023. April 28, 2023.
31. Web site: Hanna Suchocka . Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers . 28 July 2021 . en . 25 February 2020.
32. Web site: Carlos Salinas de Gortari. Busca Biografias. May 30, 2019. es.
33. Web site: Piccotti . Tyler . 2024-01-23 . Alec Baldwin. biogrpahy.com . March 23, 2024.
34. News: Kumar . Jai . Nazia Hassan . 4 April 2023 . The Guardian . 23 August 2000.
35. Web site: Yuval Spungin, international football player. eu-football.info.
36. Web site: What We Know About South Carolina Shooting Suspect Dylann Roof . 18 June 2015 . Time Magazine . 3 April 2023.
37. Web site: Chanel Harris-Tavita - Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project.
38. Web site: Honorius IV pope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 11 January 2021 . en.
39. HAHN, JOSEPH YUSPA NÖRDLINGER (JOSEPH BEN PHINEHAS NÖRDLINGEN). 6. 152.
40. Encyclopedia: John Ugelstad . . 26 April 2023. Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 24 March 2024.
41. News: Dina Abramowicz, 90, Librarian and Yiddish Expert, Dies. Berger. Joseph. New York Times. 9 April 2000 . 2018-10-17. en.
42. Web site: Former Montana Gov. Stan Stephens dies at 91. 5 April 2021 .
43. Web site: June Brown: EastEnders veteran who became a mainstay of British soaps . The Independent . 4 April 2022 . en . 4 April 2022.
44. News: Vale Bob Lanigan . 4 April 2024 . NRL . 4 April 2024.
45. Web site: Aton . Francesca . 2024-04-04 . Gaetano Pesce, Italian Architect and Designer Celebrated for Surreal Creations, Has Died at 84 . 2024-04-07 . ARTnews.com . en-US.