March 30 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 598  - Avar–Byzantine wars: The Avars lift the siege at the Byzantine stronghold of Tomis. Their leader Bayan I retreats north of the Danube River after the Avaro-Slavic army is decimated by the plague.
• 1282  - The people of Sicily rebel against the Angevin king Charles I, in what becomes known as the Sicilian Vespers.^[1]
• 1296  - Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.^[2]

1601–1900

• 1699  - Guru Gobind Singh establishes the Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.^[3]
• 1815  - Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation, among the earliest calls for Italian unification.^{[4] [5]}
• 1818  - Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.^[6]
• 1822  - The Florida Territory is created in the United States.
• 1841  - The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
• 1842  - Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.
• 1844  - One of the most important battles of the Dominican War of Independence from Haiti takes place near the city of Santiago de los Caballeros.
• 1855  - Origins of the American Civil War: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.
• 1856  - The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
• 1861  - Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.
• 1863  - Danish prince Wilhelm Georg is chosen as King George of Greece.
• 1867  - Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about two cents/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward.
• 1870  - Texas is readmitted to the United States Congress following Reconstruction.
• 1885  - The Battle for Kushka triggers the Panjdeh Incident which nearly gives rise to war between the Russian and British Empires.
• 1899  - German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the International Committee on Atomic Weights.
• 1900  - Archaeologists in Knossos, Crete, discover the first clay tablet with hieroglyphic writing in a script later called Linear B.^[7]

1901–present

• 1912  - Sultan Abd al-Hafid signs the Treaty of Fez, making Morocco a French protectorate.
• 1918  - Beginning of the bloody March Events in Baku and other locations of Baku Governorate.
• 1939  - The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745 km/h).
• 1940  - Second Sino-Japanese War: Japan declares Nanking capital of a new Chinese puppet government, nominally controlled by Wang Jingwei.
• 1944  - World War II: Allied bombers conduct their most severe bombing run on Sofia, Bulgaria.
• 1944  - Out of 795 Lancasters, Halifaxes and Mosquitos sent to attack Nuremberg, 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.
• 1945  - World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna. Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig.
• 1949  - Cold War: A riot breaks out in Austurvöllur square in Reykjavík, when Iceland joins NATO.
• 1959  - Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, flees Tibet for India.
• 1961  - The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs is signed in New York City.
• 1965  - Vietnam War: A car bomb explodes in front of the United States Embassy, Saigon, killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
• 1967  - Delta Air Lines Flight 9877 crashes at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, killing 19.^[8]
• 1972  - Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.^[9]
• 1976  - Israeli-Palestinian conflict: in the first organized response against Israeli policies by a Palestinian collective since 1948, Palestinians create the first Land Day.^[10]
• 1979  - Airey Neave, a British Member of Parliament (MP), is killed by a car bomb as he exits the Palace of Westminster. The Irish National Liberation Army claims responsibility.
• 1981  - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley Jr.; three others are wounded in the same incident.
• 1982  - Space Shuttle program: STS-3 mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.
• 2002  - The 2002 Lyon car attack takes place.^{[11] [12] [13] [14]}
• 2006  - Cyclone Glenda, one of the strongest tropical cyclones in the Australian region makes landfall near Onslow, Western Australia.^[15]
• 2008  - Drolma Kyi arrested by Chinese authorities.^[16]
• 2009  - Twelve gunmen attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan.
• 2011  - Min Aung Hlaing is appointed as the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar's armed forces.^[17]
• 2017  - SpaceX conducts the world's first reflight of an orbital class rocket.^{[18] [19]}
• 2018  - The Israeli Army kills 17 Palestinians and wounds 1,400 in Gaza during Land Day protests.^[20]
• 2019  - Pope Francis visits Morocco.^[21]
• 2023  - Donald Trump becomes the first former United States president to be indicted by a grand jury.^[22]

Births

Pre-1600

• 892  - Shi Jingtang, founder of the Later Jin Dynasty (d. 942)
• 1135  - Maimonides, Spanish rabbi and philosopher (April 6 also proposed, d. 1204)
• 1326  - Ivan II of Moscow (d. 1359)
• 1432  - Mehmed the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan (d. 1481)
• 1510  - Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)
• 1551  - Salomon Schweigger, German theologian (d. 1622)

1601–1900

• 1606  - Vincentio Reinieri, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1647)
• 1632  - John Proctor, farmer hanged for witchcraft in the Salem witch trials (d. 1692)
• 1640  - John Trenchard, English politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (d. 1695)
• 1727  - Tommaso Traetta, Italian composer and educator (d. 1779)
• 1746  - Francisco Goya, Spanish-French painter and sculptor (d. 1828)
• 1750  - John Stafford Smith, English organist and composer (d. 1836)
• 1793  - Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (d. 1877)
• 1805  - Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann, German-Swedish linguist and botanist (d. 1887)
• 1811  - Robert Bunsen, German chemist and academic (d. 1899)
• 1820  - Anna Sewell, English author (d. 1878)
• 1820  - James Whyte, Scottish-Australian politician, 6th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1882)^[23]
• 1844  - Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896)
• 1853  - Vincent van Gogh, Dutch-French painter and illustrator (d. 1890)
• 1853  - Arnoldo Sartorio, German composer, pianist, and teacher (d. 1936)
• 1857  - Léon Charles Thévenin, French engineer (d. 1926)
• 1858  - Siegfried Alkan, German composer (d. 1941)
• 1863  - Mary Calkins, American philosopher and psychologist (d. 1930)
• 1864  - Franz Oppenheimer, German-American sociologist and economist (d. 1943)
• 1874  - Charles Lightoller, English 2nd officer on the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
• 1874  - Josiah McCracken, American hammer thrower, shot putter, and football player (d. 1962)
• 1874  - Nicolae Rădescu, Romanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953)
• 1875  - Thomas Xenakis, Greek-American gymnast (d. 1942)
• 1879  - Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (d. 1954)
• 1880  - Seán O'Casey, Irish dramatist, playwright, and memoirist (d. 1964)
• 1882  - Melanie Klein, Austrian-English psychologist and author (d. 1960)
• 1888  - J. R. Williams, Canadian-born cartoonist (d. 1957)
• 1891  - Chunseong, Korean monk, writer and philosopher (d. 1977)
• 1892  - Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1945)
• 1892  - Fortunato Depero, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1960)
• 1892  - Erhard Milch, German field marshal (d. 1972)
• 1892  - Johannes Pääsuke, Estonian photographer and director (d. 1918)
• 1892  - Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic (d. 1968)
• 1894  - Tommy Green, English race walker (d. 1975)
• 1894  - Sergey Ilyushin, Russian engineer, founded Ilyushin Design Bureau (d. 1977)
• 1895  - Jean Giono, French author and poet (d. 1970)
• 1895  - Carl Lutz, Swiss vice-consul to Hungary during WWII, credited with saving over 62,000 Jews (d. 1975)
• 1895  - Charlie Wilson, English footballer (d. 1971)
• 1899  - Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay, Indian author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 1970)

1901–present

• 1902  - Brooke Astor, American socialite and philanthropist (d. 2007)
• 1902  - Ted Heath, English trombonist and composer (d. 1969)
• 1903  - Joy Ridderhof, American missionary (d. 1984)
• 1904  - Ripper Collins, American baseball player and coach (d. 1970)
• 1905  - Archie Birkin, English motorcycle racer (d. 1927)
• 1905  - Mikio Oda, Japanese triple jumper and academic (d. 1998)
• 1905  - Albert Pierrepoint, English hangman (d. 1992)
• 1907  - Friedrich August Freiherr von der Heydte, German general (d. 1994)
• 1910  - Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish soldier, mathematician, and academic (d. 1940)
• 1911  - Ekrem Akurgal, Turkish archaeologist and academic (d. 2002)
• 1912  - Jack Cowie, New Zealand cricketer (d. 1994)
• 1912  - Alvin Hamilton, Canadian lieutenant and politician, 18th Canadian Minister of Agriculture (d. 2004)
• 1913  - Marc Davis, American animator (d. 2000)
• 1913  - Richard Helms, American soldier and diplomat, 8th Director of Central Intelligence (d. 2002)
• 1913  - Frankie Laine, American singer-songwriter (d. 2007)
• 1913  - Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general, physician, and politician, 4th President of Malta (d. 2012)
• 1914  - Sonny Boy Williamson I, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (d. 1948)
• 1915  - Pietro Ingrao, Italian journalist and politician (d. 2015)
• 1917  - Els Aarne, Ukrainian-Estonian pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1995)
• 1919  - McGeorge Bundy, American intelligence officer and diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
• 1919  - Robin Williams, New Zealand mathematician, university administrator and public servant (d. 2013)
• 1921  - André Fontaine, French historian and journalist (d. 2013)
• 1922  - Turhan Bey, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1922  - Arthur Wightman, American physicist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1923  - Milton Acorn, Canadian poet and playwright (d. 1986)
• 1926  - Ingvar Kamprad, Swedish businessman, founded IKEA (d. 2018)
• 1927  - Wally Grout, Australian cricketer (d. 1968)
• 1928  - Robert Badinter, French lawyer and politician, French Minister of Justice (d. 2024)
• 1928  - Colin Egar, Australian cricket umpire (d. 2008)
• 1928  - Tom Sharpe, English-Spanish author and educator (d. 2013)
• 1929  - Richard Dysart, American actor (d. 2015)
• 1929  - Ray Musto, American soldier and politician (d. 2014)
• 1929  - István Rózsavölgyi, Hungarian runner (d. 2012)
• 1930  - John Astin, American actor
• 1930  - Rolf Harris, Australian singer-songwriter (d. 2023)^[24]
• 1933  - Jean-Claude Brialy, French actor and director (d. 2007)
• 1933  - Joe Ruby, American animator (d. 2020)^[25]
• 1934  - Paul Crouch, American broadcaster, co-founded the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2013)
• 1934  - Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and academic, designed Haas House (d. 2014)
• 1935  - Karl Berger, German pianist and composer (d. 2023)
• 1935  - Willie Galimore, American football player (d. 1964)
• 1935  - Gordon Mumma, American composer
• 1937  - Warren Beatty, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1937  - Ian MacLaurin, Baron MacLaurin of Knebworth, English businessman
• 1938  - John Barnhill, American basketball player and coach (d. 2013)
• 1938  - Klaus Schwab, German economist and engineer, founded the World Economic Forum
• 1940  - Norman Gifford, English cricketer
• 1940  - Jerry Lucas, American basketball player and educator
• 1940  - Hans Ragnemalm, Swedish lawyer and judge (d. 2016)
• 1940  - David Earle Bailey, American Episcopal priest (d. 2024)^[26]
• 1941  - Graeme Edge, English singer-songwriter and drummer (d. 2021)^[27]
• 1941  - Ron Johnston, English geographer and academic (d. 2020)
• 1941  - Wasim Sajjad, Pakistani lawyer and politician, President of Pakistan
• 1941  - Bob Smith, American soldier and politician
• 1942  - Ruben Kun, Nauruan lawyer and politician, 14th President of Nauru (d. 2014)
• 1942  - Tane Norton, New Zealand rugby player (d. 2023)
• 1942  - Kenneth Welsh, Canadian actor (d. 2022)
• 1943  - Jay Traynor, American pop and doo-wop singer (d. 2014)
• 1944  - Mark Wylea Erwin, American businessman and diplomat
• 1944  - Brian Wilshire, Australian radio host
• 1945  - Eric Clapton, English guitarist and singer-songwriter
• 1947  - Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin, American activist, writer, and black anarchist^[28]
• 1947  - Dick Roche, Irish politician, Minister of State for European Affairs
• 1947  - Terje Venaas, Norwegian bassist
• 1948  - Nigel Jones, Baron Jones of Cheltenham, English computer programmer and politician (d. 2022)
• 1948  - Eddie Jordan, Irish racing driver and team owner, founded Jordan Grand Prix
• 1948  - Mervyn King, English economist and academic
• 1948  - Jim "Dandy" Mangrum, American rock singer
• 1949  - Liza Frulla, Canadian talk show host and politician, 3rd Minister of Canadian Heritage
• 1949  - Dana Gillespie, English singer-songwriter and actress
• 1949  - Naomi Sims, American model and author (d. 2009)
• 1950  - Janet Browne, English-American historian and academic
• 1950  - Robbie Coltrane, Scottish actor (d. 2022)^[29]
• 1950  - Grady Little, American baseball player, coach, and manager
• 1952  - Stuart Dryburgh, English-New Zealand cinematographer
• 1952  - Peter Knights, Australian footballer and coach
• 1955  - Randy VanWarmer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2004)
• 1956  - Bill Butler, Scottish educator and politician
• 1956  - Juanito Oiarzabal, Spanish mountaineer
• 1956  - Paul Reiser, American actor and comedian
• 1956  - Shahla Sherkat, Iranian journalist and author
• 1957  - Marie-Christine Koundja, Chadian author and diplomat^[30]
• 1958  - Maurice LaMarche, Canadian voice actor and stand-up comedian
• 1958  - Joey Sindelar, American golfer
• 1959  - Martina Cole, English television host and author
• 1960  - Laurie Graham, Canadian skier
• 1960  - Bill Johnson, American skier (d. 2016)
• 1961  - Mike Thackwell, New Zealand racing driver
• 1961  - Doug Wickenheiser, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 1999)
• 1962  - Mark Begich, American politician
• 1962  - MC Hammer, American rapper and actor
• 1962  - Gary Stevens, English international footballer and manager^[31]
  • 1963  - Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Mongolian journalist and politician, 4th President of Mongolia 1963  - Panagiotis Tsalouchidis, Greek footballer
• 1964  - Vlado Bozinovski, Macedonian-Australian footballer and manager
• 1964  - Tracy Chapman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1965  - Piers Morgan, English journalist and talk show host
• 1966  - Efstratios Grivas, Greek chess player and author
• 1966  - Dmitry Volkov, Russian swimmer
• 1966  - Leonid Voloshin, Russian triple jumper
• 1967  - Christopher Bowman, American figure skater and coach (d. 2008)
• 1967  - Richard Hutten, Dutch furniture designer
• 1967  - Julie Richardson, New Zealand tennis player
• 1968  - Celine Dion, Canadian singer-songwriter^[32]
• 1969  - Troy Bayliss, Australian motorcycle racer
• 1970  - Tobias Hill, English poet and author (d. 2023)
• 1970  - Sylvain Charlebois, Canadian food/agriculture researcher and author
• 1971  - Mari Holden, American cyclist^[33]
• 1971  - Mark Consuelos, American actor and television personality
• 1972  - Mili Avital, Israeli-American actress
• 1972  - Emerson Thome, Brazilian footballer and scout
• 1972  - Karel Poborský, Czech footballer
• 1973  - Adam Goldstein, American keyboard player, DJ, and producer (d. 2009)
• 1973  - Jan Koller, Czech footballer
• 1973  - Kareem Streete-Thompson, Caymanian-American long jumper
• 1974  - Martin Love, Australian cricketer
• 1975  - Paul Griffen, New Zealand-Italian rugby player
• 1976  - Ty Conklin, American ice hockey player
• 1976  - Obadele Thompson, Barbadian sprinter
• 1976  - Troels Lund Poulsen, Danish politician, Minister for Education of Denmark
• 1977  - Abhishek Chaubey, Indian director and screenwriter
• 1978  - Paweł Czapiewski, Polish runner
• 1978  - Chris Paterson, Scottish rugby player and coach
• 1978  - Bok van Blerk, South African singer-songwriter and actor
• 1979  - Norah Jones, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1979  - Anatoliy Tymoshchuk, Ukrainian footballer
• 1980  - Katrine Lunde, Norwegian handball goalkeeper^[34]
• 1980  - Kristine Lunde-Borgersen, Norwegian handball player^[35]
• 1980  - Ricardo Osorio, Mexican footballer
• 1981  - Jammal Brown, American football player
• 1981  - Andrea Masi, Italian rugby player^[36]
• 1982  - Mark Hudson, English footballer
• 1982  - Philippe Mexès, French footballer
• 1982  - Javier Portillo, Spanish footballer
• 1982  - Jason Dohring, American actor
• 1983  - Jérémie Aliadière, French footballer
• 1984  - Mario Ančić, Croatian tennis player
• 1984  - Samantha Stosur, Australian tennis player
• 1985  - Giacomo Ricci, Italian racing driver
• 1986  - Sergio Ramos, Spanish footballer
• 1987  - Trent Barreta, American wrestler
• 1987  - Calum Elliot, Scottish footballer
• 1987  - Kwok Kin Pong, Hong Kong footballer
• 1987  - Marc-Édouard Vlasic, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1988  - Will Matthews, Australian rugby league player
• 1988  - Thanasis Papazoglou, Greek footballer
• 1988  - Richard Sherman, American football player
• 1988  - Larisa Yurkiw, Canadian alpine skier
• 1989  - Chris Sale, American baseball player
• 1989  - João Sousa, Portuguese tennis player^[37]
• 1990  - Thomas Rhett, American country music singer and songwriter^[38]
• 1990  - Michal Březina, Czech figure skater
• 1991  - NF, American rapper^[39]
• 1992  - Palak Muchhal, Indian playback singer
• 1993  - Anitta, Brazilian singer and entertainer
• 1994  - Alex Bregman, American baseball player^[40]
• 1994  - Jetro Willems, Dutch footballer^[41]
• 1995  - Zay Jones, American football player^[42]
• 1996  - Ryan Noda, American baseball player^[43]
• 1997  - Lee Dong-min, South Korean singer, actor, and model^{[44] [45]}
• 1998  - Kalyn Ponga, Australian rugby league player^[46]
• 2000  - Colton Herta, American race car driver^[47]
• 2001  - Anastasia Potapova, Russian tennis player^[48]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 116  - Quirinus of Neuss, Roman martyr and saint
• 365  - Ai of Jin, emperor of the Jin Dynasty (b. 341)
• 943  - Li Bian, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 889)
• 987  - Arnulf II, Count of Flanders (b. 960)
• 1180  - Al-Mustadi, Caliph (b. 1142)
• 1202  - Joachim of Fiore, Italian mystic and theologian (b. 1135)
• 1465  - Isabella of Clermont, queen consort of Naples (b. c. 1424)
• 1472  - Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (b. 1435)
• 1486  - Thomas Bourchier, English cardinal (b. 1404)
• 1526  - Konrad Mutian, German humanist (b. 1471)
• 1540  - Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, German cardinal (b. 1469)
• 1559  - Adam Ries, German mathematician and academic (b. 1492)
• 1587  - Ralph Sadler, English politician, Secretary of State for England (b. 1507)

1601–1900

• 1662  - François le Métel de Boisrobert, French poet and playwright (b. 1592)
• 1689  - Kazimierz Łyszczyński, Polish atheist and philosopher (b. 1634)
• 1707  - Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French general and engineer (b. 1633)
• 1764  - Pietro Locatelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1695)
• 1783  - William Hunter, Scottish anatomist and physician (b. 1718)^[49]
• 1804  - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, French general and politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1718)
• 1806  - Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1757)
• 1830  - Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden (b. 1763)
• 1840  - Beau Brummell, English-French fashion designer (b. 1778)
• 1842  - Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, French painter (b. 1755)^[50]
• 1864  - Louis Schindelmeisser, German clarinet player, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
• 1873  - Bénédict Morel, Austrian-French psychiatrist and physician (b. 1809)
• 1874  - Carl Julian (von) Graba, German lawyer and ornithologist who visited and studied the Faroe Islands (b. 1799)^[51]
• 1879  - Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (b. 1815)
• 1886  - Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian judge and politician, 6th Premier of Quebec (b. 1838)
• 1896  - Charilaos Trikoupis, Greek politician, 55th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1832)

1901–present

• 1912  - Karl May, German author (b. 1842)
• 1925  - Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher and author (b. 1861)
• 1935  - Romanos Melikian, Armenian composer (b. 1883)
• 1936  - Conchita Supervía, Spanish soprano and actress (b. 1895)
• 1940  - Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Baronet Scottish soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Scotland (b. 1876)
• 1943  - Jan Bytnar, Polish lieutenant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1921)
• 1943  - Maciej Aleksy Dawidowski, Polish sergeant; WWII resistance fighter (b. 1920)
• 1945  - Béla Balogh, Hungarian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1885)
• 1949  - Friedrich Bergius, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)
• 1949  - Dattaram Hindlekar, Indian cricketer (b. 1909)
• 1950  - Léon Blum, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1872)
• 1952  - Nikos Beloyannis, Greek resistance leader and politician (b. 1915) ^[52]
• 1952  - Jigme Wangchuck, Bhutanese king (b. 1905)
• 1955  - Harl McDonald, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1899)
• 1956  - Edmund Clerihew Bentley, English author and poet (b. 1875)
• 1959  - Daniil Andreyev, Russian mystic and poet (b. 1906)
• 1959  - John Auden, English solicitor, deputy coroner and a territorial soldier (b. 1894)
• 1959  - Riccardo Zanella, Italian politician (b. 1875)
• 1960  - Joseph Haas, German composer and educator (b. 1879)
• 1961  - Philibert Jacques Melotte, English astronomer (b. 1880)
• 1963  - Aleksandr Gauk, Russian conductor and composer (b. 1893)
• 1964  - Nella Larsen, American nurse and author (b. 1891)
• 1965  - Philip Showalter Hench, American physician and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1896)
• 1966  - Newbold Morris, American lawyer and politician (b. 1902)
• 1966  - Maxfield Parrish, American painter and illustrator (b. 1870)
• 1966  - Erwin Piscator, German director and producer (b. 1893)
• 1967  - Frank Thorpe, Australian public servant (b. 1885)
• 1967  - Jean Toomer, American poet and novelist (b. 1894)
• 1969  - Lucien Bianchi, Belgian racing driver (b. 1934)
• 1970  - Heinrich Brüning, German economist and politician, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1885)
• 1972  - Mahir Çayan, Turkish politician (b. 1946)
• 1972  - Gabriel Heatter, American radio commentator (b. 1890)
• 1973  - Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish pilot and politician (b. 1903)
• 1973  - Yves Giraud-Cabantous, French racing driver (b. 1904)
• 1975  - Peter Bamm, German journalist and author (b. 1897)
• 1977  - Levko Revutsky, Ukrainian composer and educator (b. 1889)
• 1978  - George Paine, English cricketer and coach (b. 1908)
• 1978  - Memduh Tağmaç, Turkish general (b. 1904)
• 1979  - Airey Neave, English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (b. 1916)
• 1979  - Ray Ventura, French pianist and bandleader (b. 1908)
• 1981  - DeWitt Wallace, American publisher, co-founded Reader's Digest (b. 1889)
• 1984  - Karl Rahner, German-Austrian priest and theologian (b. 1904)
• 1985  - Harold Peary, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
• 1986  - James Cagney, American actor and dancer (b. 1899)
• 1986  - John Ciardi, American poet and etymologist (b. 1916)
• 1988  - Edgar Faure, French historian and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1908)
• 1990  - Harry Bridges, Australian-born American activist and trade union leader (b. 1901)
• 1991  - Athanasios Ragazos, Greek long-distance runner (b. 1913) ^[53]
• 1992  - Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist and academic (b. 1919)
• 1993  - S. M. Pandit, Indian painter (b. 1916)
• 1993  - Richard Diebenkorn, American painter (b. 1922)
• 1995  - Rozelle Claxton, American pianist (b. 1913)
• 1995  - Tony Lock, English-Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1929)
• 1995  - Paul A. Rothchild, American record producer (b. 1935)
• 1996  - Hugh Falkus, English pilot and author (b. 1917)
• 1996  - Ryoei Saito, Japanese businessman (b. 1916)
• 2000  - Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian judge and politician, 8th President of Austria (b. 1915)
• 2002  - Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother of the United Kingdom (b. 1900)
• 2002  - Anand Bakshi, Indian poet and lyricist (b. 1930)
• 2003  - Michael Jeter, American actor (b. 1952)
• 2003  - Valentin Pavlov, Russian banker and politician, 11th Prime Minister of the Soviet Union (b. 1937)
• 2004  - Alistair Cooke, English-American journalist and author (b. 1908)
• 2004  - Michael King, New Zealand historian and author (b. 1945)
• 2004  - Timi Yuro, American singer and songwriter (b. 1940)
• 2005  - Robert Creeley, American novelist, essayist, and poet (b. 1926)
• 2005  - Milton Green, American hurdler and soldier (b. 1913)
• 2005  - Fred Korematsu, American political activist (b. 1919)
• 2005  - Chrysanthos Theodoridis, Greek singer and songwriter (b. 1934) ^[54]
• 2005  - O. V. Vijayan, Indian author and illustrator (b. 1930)
• 2005  - Mitch Hedberg, American stand-up comedian (b. 1968)
• 2006  - Red Hickey, American football player and coach (b. 1917)
• 2006  - John McGahern, Irish author and educator (b. 1934)
• 2007  - John Roberts, Canadian political scientist, academic, and politician, 46th Secretary of State for Canada (b. 1933)
• 2008  - Roland Fraïssé, French mathematical logician (b. 1920)
• 2008  - David Leslie, Scottish racing driver (b. 1953)
• 2008  - Richard Lloyd, English racing driver (b. 1945)
• 2008  - Dith Pran, Cambodian-American photographer and journalist (b. 1942)
• 2010  - Jaime Escalante, Bolivian-American educator (b. 1930)
• 2010  - Morris R. Jeppson, American lieutenant and physicist (b. 1922)
• 2010  - Martin Sandberger, German SS officer (b. 1911)
• 2012  - Janet Anderson Perkin, Canadian baseball player and curler (b. 1921)
• 2012  - Aquila Berlas Kiani, Indian-Canadian sociologist and academic (b. 1921)
• 2012  - Francesco Mancini, Italian footballer and coach (b. 1968)
• 2012  - Granville Semmes, American businessman, founded 1-800-Flowers (b. 1928)
• 2012  - Leonid Shebarshin, Russian KGB officer (b. 1935)
• 2013  - Daniel Hoffman, American poet and academic (b. 1923)
• 2013  - Bobby Parks, American basketball player and coach (b. 1962)
• 2013  - Phil Ramone, South African-American songwriter and producer, co-founded A & R Recording (b. 1934)
• 2013  - Edith Schaeffer, Chinese-Swiss religious leader and author, co-founded L'Abri (b. 1914)
• 2013  - Bob Turley, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)
• 2014  - Kate O'Mara, English actress (b. 1939)^[55]
• 2014  - Alice Raftary, American educator of blind adults (b. 1927)^[56]
• 2015  - Helmut Dietl, German director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1944)
• 2015  - Roger Slifer, American author, illustrator, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1954)
• 2015  - Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld, Dutch astronomer and academic (b. 1921)
• 2018  - Bill Maynard, English actor (b. 1928)
• 2020  - Manolis Glezos, Greek left-wing politician, journalist, author, and folk hero (b. 1922) ^[57]
• 2020  - Bill Withers, American singer-songwriter (b. 1938)^[58]
• 2021  - G. Gordon Liddy, chief operative in the Watergate scandal (b. 1930)^[59]
• 2021  - Myra Frances, British actress (b. 1942)^[60]
• 2023  - Doug Mulray, Australian radio and television host (b. 1951)^[61]
• 2024  - Tim McGovern, American visual effects artist (b. 1955)^[62]
• 2024  - Chance Perdomo, British-American actor (b. 1996)^[63]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Blessed Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy
  • Blessed Maria Restituta Kafka
  • John Climacus
  • Mamertinus of Auxerre
  • Quirinus of Neuss
  • Thomas Son Chasuhn, Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy (part of The Korean Martyrs)
  • Tola of Clonard
  • March 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Land Day (Palestine)
• National Doctors' Day (United States)
• Spiritual Baptist/Shouter Liberation Day (Trinidad and Tobago)
• School Day of Non-violence and Peace (Spain)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on March 30

Notes and References

1. Book: A history of italian republic. 1832. Longman. 103.
2. Book: Herbert Maxwell. A History of the House of Douglas from the Earliest Times Down to the Legislative Union of England and Scotland. Рипол Классик. 978-1-145-80495-1. 25.
3. Book: Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley . Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants . limited . 1996 . University of Pennsylvania Press . Philadelphia . 978-0812215922 . 44966032 . 43–45.
4. Web site: 6 May 2015 . Il proclama di Rimini . The Rimini Proclamation . 18 January 2024 . Il Ponte . it-IT.
5. Web site: Sacco . Antonio . 30 May 2020 . Unificare l'Italia, il sogno di Murat . Unifying Italy, Murat's dream . 18 January 2024 . . it-IT.
6. A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on colors developed in homogeneous fluids by polarized light"), read 30 March 1818; printed in A. Fresnel (ed. H. de Senarmont, E. Verdet, and L. Fresnel), Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel, Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, vol.1, 1866, pp.655–83, at pp.659–60.
7. Book: Palaima, Thomas G. . Linear B. The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean. Cline . Eric H.. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press. 2012. 9780199873609 . 357.
8. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-51 N802E New Orleans, LA . 2022-03-29 . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network.
9. Head . William P. . Dirty Little Secret in the Land of a Million Elephants: Barrel Roll and the Lost War . Air Power History . 2017 . 64 . 4 . 23–24 . 26571062 . 1044-016X.
10. News: Israel's Arabs to mark Land Day. The Jerusalem Post JPost.com. 2018-10-30.
11. News: Vandals crash cars through French synagogue. 8 August 2016. AP. Arizona Daily Sun. 30 March 2002.
12. News: Shooting in France in Wave of Anti-Jewish Attacks. 8 August 2016. The New York Times. 1 April 2002.
13. News: Diamond. Andrew. Weekend of anti-Semitism in France. 8 August 2016. JTA. 1 April 2002.
14. News: Horn. Heather. The Jewish School Shooting and Patterns of Violence. 8 August 2016. The Atlantic. 19 March 2012.
15. Web site: Severe Tropical Cyclone Glenda . 27–31 March 2006 . Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology.
16. China silences Tibet folk singer Drolmakyi. Los Angeles Times. 2008-06-09. Demick. Barbara. 2008-06-08.
17. http://archive-2.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/5090-new-commander-in-chief-of-defence-services-general-min-aung-hlaing.html "New commander in chief of defence services: General Min Aung Hlaing"
18. Web site: SpaceX Launches a Satellite With a Partly Used Rocket. Chang. Kenneth. 30 March 2017. The New York Times. 31 March 2017.
19. Web site: Success for SpaceX 're-usable rocket'. Amos. Jonathan. 31 March 2017. BBC News. 31 March 2017.
20. Web site: Israeli forces kill 17 Palestinians on Land Day . 2022-03-31 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
21. Web site: 2018-11-13 . "Dichiarazione del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, Greg Burke" . Holy See Press Office.
22. Web site: Kara . Scannell. John. Miller. Jeremy. Herb. Devan. Cole . 2023-03-30 . Donald Trump indicted by Manhattan grand jury . 2023-03-30 . CNN Politics . en.
23. whyte39 . James Whyte.
24. News: Rolf Harris: Serial abuser and ex-entertainer dies aged 93 . BBC News . 23 May 2023 . 23 May 2023.
25. Web site: Barnes. Mike. 2020-08-27. Joe Ruby, Co-Creator of Scooby-Doo, Dies at 87. 2021-08-03. The Hollywood Reporter. en-US.
26. News: Michael . Mark . Former Navajoland Bishop Dies at 84 . 31 July 2024 . The Living Church . 30 July 2024.
27. Web site: Graeme Edge, Drummer and Co-Founder of the Moody Blues, Dies at 80. 12 November 2021. The New York Times.
28. Book: Ervin, Lorenzo Kom'boa . Anarchism and the Black Revolution . Introduction . . 2021 . 978-0-7453-4579-6 . Definitive . London . 1–32 . 10.2307/j.ctv2114fp4.5 . en . j.ctv2114fp4.5 . My name at birth (March 30, 1947) was Lorenzo Edward Ervin, Jr..
29. News: Actor Robbie Coltrane dies aged 72 . . 14 October 2022 . 14 October 2022 . 14 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221014165324/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63261204 . live .
30. Book: Bourdette-Donon, Marcel . Anthologie de la littérature et des arts tchadiens. 2003. L'Harmattan. 9782747540513. Paris. 187. 52429094.
31. Web site: Gary Stevens. soccerbase.com. 22 March 2020.
32. Web site: Celine Dion Biography, Songs, Awards, & Facts . Encyclopedia Britannica . 10 February 2020 . en.
33. Web site: Mari Holden Bio, Stats, and Results . https://web.archive.org/web/20200418023509/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ho/mari-holden-1.html . dead . 18 April 2020 . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . 10 February 2020 . en.
34. Encyclopedia: Katrine Lunde . Thomas . Aune . Rolf . Bryhn . . 22 December 2023 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 23 March 2024.
35. Encyclopedia: Kristine Lunde-Borgersen . Rolf . Bryhn . . 21 April 2023 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 22 March 2024.
36. Web site: Andrea Masi . ESPN scrum . 10 February 2020.
37. Web site: Joao Sousa Overview. ATP Tour. 2 April 2019.
38. Web site: Thomas Rhett. Biography. 10 May 2021 .
39. Web site: NF: Biography . Leggett . Steve . . February 27, 2015.
40. Web site: Alex Bregman . . 16 March 2023.
41. Web site: Jetro Willems. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402151755/https://static.fifa.com/fifa-tournaments/players-coaches/people%3D336087/index.html. dead. April 2, 2019. FIFA. 2 April 2019.
42. Web site: Zay Jones Stats, Height, Weight, Position, Draft, College . Pro-Football-Reference.com . March 31, 2024.
43. Web site: Ryan Noda #49 . 10 April 2024 . Major League Baseball.
44. Web site: ko:판타지오 . Fantagio . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180525230533/http://www.fantagio.kr/artists/cha-eun-woo/profile/ . May 25, 2018 . May 30, 2018 . Fantagio . ko.
45. Web site: September 23, 2015 . ko:[My Name] 아스트로 (2) 윤산하 진진 차은우 . [My Name] Astro (2) Yoon Sanha, Jinjin, Cha Eunwoo . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815081508/https://tenasia.hankyung.com/tv/article/2015092396014 . August 15, 2020 . June 7, 2018 . TenAsia . ko.
46. Web site: Official NRL profile of Kalyn Ponga for Newcastle Knights . Newcastle Knights . 10 February 2020 . en.
47. Web site: Colton Herta. 29 September 2018.
48. Web site: WTAtennis.com Profile: Anastasia Potapova. Women's Tennis Association. 16 October 2022.
49. Web site: William Hunter (1718-1783) . National Records of Scotland . 16 July 2021 . English . 31 May 2013.
50. Book: Magill, Frank N.. The 17th and 18th Centuries: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 4. Abingdon. Routledge. 1999. 978-0-89356-316-5. 1376.
51. Web site: Unbekannte Vögel entdeckt – Auf den Spuren von Graba. https://web.archive.org/web/20010721034659/http://www.kn-online.de/htm/dauer/lok/hochschulen/hochschulseiten/990212/c-voegel.htm. 21 July 2001. de. Unknown birds discovered – In the footsteps of Graba. 12 February 1999. Kieler Nachrichten. 20 August 2022.
52. Web site: Nikos Beloyannis: 70 years since the execution of the Greek communist hero . 30 March 2022 .
53. Web site: Olympedia – Athanasios Ragazos .
54. Web site: Στις 30 Μαρτίου 2005 σίγησε το «αηδόνι του Πόντου», ο Χρύσανθος Θεοδωρίδης . 30 March 2021 .
55. Web site: Kate O'Mara obituary . the Guardian . 7 April 2022 . en . 30 March 2014.
56. News: 2014-04-06 . Raftary . 2020-07-11 . Detroit Free Press . A23 . Newspapers.com.
57. Web site: Veteran leftist and resistance fighter Manolis Glezos dies at 97 | eKathimerini.com. www.ekathimerini.com.
58. Greene . Andy . Bill Withers, Hall of Fame Soul Singer, Dead at 81 . Rolling Stone . 31 March 2021 . 3 April 2020.
59. Web site: McFadden . Robert D. . G. Gordon Liddy, Mastermind Behind Watergate Burglary, Dies at 90 . The New York Times . 31 March 2021 . 31 March 2021.
60. Web site: 2021-04-13. Myra Frances obituary. 2021-04-18. the Guardian. en.
61. Web site: Aussie comedian, television and radio giant Doug Mulray dies aged 71 . 2023-03-30 . celebrity.nine.com.au . 30 March 2023 . en-AU.
62. Web site: Giardina . Carolyn . 2024-03-31 . Tim McGovern, 'Total Recall' VFX Oscar Winner, Dies at 68 . 2024-03-31 . Variety . en-US.
63. Web site: Zee . Michaela . 2024-03-30 . Chance Perdomo, 'Gen V' and 'Chilling Adventures of Sabrina' Star, Dies at 27 . 2024-03-31 . Variety . en-US.