June 30 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 296  - Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.^[1]
• 763  - The Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus.^[2]
• 1422  - Battle of Arbedo between the duke of Milan and the Swiss cantons.^[3]
• 1521  - Spanish forces defeat a combined French and Navarrese army at the Battle of Noáin during the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.^[4]
• 1559  - King Henry II of France is mortally wounded in a jousting match against Gabriel, comte de Montgomery.^[5]
• 1598  - The Spanish-held Castillo San Felipe del Morro in San Juan, Puerto Rico having been besieged for fifteen days, surrenders to an English force under Sir George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland.^[6]

1601–1900

• 1632  - The University of Tartu is founded.^[7]
• 1651  - The Deluge: Khmelnytsky Uprising: The Battle of Berestechko ends with a Polish victory.^[8]
• 1688  - The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.^[9]
• 1703  - The Battle of Ekeren between a Dutch force and a French force.^[10]
• 1758  - Seven Years' War: Habsburg Austrian forces destroy a Prussian reinforcement and supply convoy in the Battle of Domstadtl, helping to expel Prussian King Frederick the Great from Moravia.^[11]
• 1794  - Northwest Indian War: Native American forces under Blue Jacket attack Fort Recovery.
• 1805  - Under An act to divide the Indiana Territory into two separate governments, adopted by the U.S. Congress on January 11, 1805, the Michigan Territory is organized.^[12]
• 1859  - French acrobat Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
• 1860  - The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
• 1864  - U.S. President Abraham Lincoln grants Yosemite Valley to California for "public use, resort and recreation".
• 1882  - Charles J. Guiteau is hanged in Washington, D.C. for the assassination of U.S. President James Garfield.
• 1886  - The first transcontinental train trip across Canada departs from Montreal, Quebec. It arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia on July 4.
• 1892  - The Homestead Strike begins near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[13]
• 1900  - A savage fire wrecked three steamships docked at a pier in Hoboken, New Jersey. Over 200 crew members and passengers are killed, and hundreds injured.^[14]

1901–present

• 1905  - Albert Einstein sends the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, in which he introduces special relativity, for publication in Annalen der Physik.
• 1906  - The United States Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act.
• 1908  - The Tunguska Event, the largest impact event on Earth in human recorded history, resulting in a massive explosion over Eastern Siberia.
• 1912  - The Regina Cyclone, Canada's deadliest tornado event, kills 28 people in Regina, Saskatchewan.
• 1916  - World War I: In "the day Sussex died", elements of the Royal Sussex Regiment take heavy casualties in the Battle of the Boar's Head at Richebourg-l'Avoué in France.^[15]
• 1921  - U.S. President Warren G. Harding appoints former President William Howard Taft as Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1922  - In Washington D.C., U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes and Dominican Ambassador Francisco J. Peynado sign the Hughes–Peynado agreement, which ends the United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.
• 1934  - The Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany, takes place.
• 1936  - Emperor Haile Selassie of Abyssinia appeals for aid to the League of Nations against Italy's invasion of his country.
• 1937  - The world's first emergency telephone number, 999, is introduced in London.
• 1944  - World War II: The Battle of Cherbourg ends with the fall of the strategically valuable port to American forces.
• 1953  - The first Chevrolet Corvette rolls off the assembly line in Flint, Michigan.
• 1956  - A TWA Super Constellation and a United Airlines DC-7 collide above the Grand Canyon in Arizona and crash, killing all 128 on board both airliners.
• 1959  - A United States Air Force F-100 Super Sabre from Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, crashes into a nearby elementary school, killing 11 students plus six residents from the local neighborhood.
• 1960  - Belgian Congo gains independence as Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville).
• 1963  - Ciaculli bombing: a car bomb, intended for Mafia boss Salvatore Greco, kills seven police officers and military personnel near Palermo.
• 1966  - The National Organization for Women, the United States' largest feminist organization, is founded.
• 1968  - Pope Paul VI issues the Credo of the People of God.^[16]
• 1971  - The crew of the Soviet Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply escapes through a faulty valve.^[17]
• 1972  - The first leap second is added to the UTC time system.
• 1973  - Concorde 001 intercepts the path of a total solar eclipse and follows the moon's shadow, experiencing the longest total eclipse observation.^[18]
• 1974  - The Baltimore municipal strike of 1974 begins.^[19]
• 1977  - The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization disbands.
• 1985  - Thirty-nine American hostages from the hijacked TWA Flight 847 are freed in Beirut after being held for 17 days.
• 1986  - The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Bowers v. Hardwick that states can outlaw homosexual acts between consenting adults.^[20]
• 1989  - A coup d'état in Sudan deposes the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi and President Ahmed al-Mirghani.^[21]
• 1990  - East and West Germany merge their economies.
• 1994  - During a test flight of an Airbus A330-300 at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport, the aircraft crashes killing all seven people on board.^[22]
• 2007  - A Jeep Cherokee filled with propane canisters drives into the entrance of Glasgow Airport, Scotland in a failed terrorist attack. This was linked to the 2007 London car bombs that had taken place the day before.
• 2009  - Yemenia Flight 626, an Airbus A310-300, crashes into the Indian Ocean near Comoros, killing 152 of the 153 people on board. A 14-year-old girl named Bahia Bakari survives the crash.^[23]
• 2013  - Nineteen firefighters die controlling a wildfire near Yarnell, Arizona.
• 2013  - Protests begin around Egypt against President Mohamed Morsi and the ruling Freedom and Justice Party, leading to their overthrow during the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état.
• 2015  - A Hercules C-130 military aircraft with 113 people on board crashes in a residential area in Medan, Indonesia, resulting in at least 116 deaths.
• 2019  - Donald Trump becomes the first sitting US President to visit the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).^[24]
• 2021  - The Tiger Fire ignites near Black Canyon City, Arizona, and goes on to burn of land before being fully contained on July 30.^{[25] [26]}
• 2023  - A Tajik citizen with ISIS connections, wanted in Tajikistan for murder and kidnapping, kills two people at Chișinău International Airport in Moldova, after being denied entry to the country.^[27]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1286  - John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, English magnate (d. 1347)^[28]
• 1468  - John, Elector of Saxony (d. 1532)^[29]
• 1470  - Charles VIII of France (d. 1498)^[30]
• 1478  - John, Prince of Asturias, Son of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile (d. 1497)
• 1503  - John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1554)
• 1533  - Martín de Rada, Spanish missionary (d. 1578)
• 1588  - Giovanni Maria Sabino, Italian organist, composer, and educator (d. 1649)

1601–1900

• 1641  - Meinhardt Schomberg, 3rd Duke of Schomberg, German-English general (d. 1719)
• 1685  - John Gay, English poet and playwright (d. 1732)^[31]
• 1688  - Abu l-Hasan Ali I, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1756)
• 1722  - Jiří Antonín Benda, Czech composer, violinist and Kapellmeister (d. 1795)
• 1755  - Paul Barras, French soldier and politician (d. 1829)
• 1789  - Horace Vernet, French painter and academic (d. 1863)
• 1791  - Félix Savart, French physicist and psychologist (d. 1841)
• 1803  - Thomas Lovell Beddoes, English poet, playwright, and physician (d. 1849)
• 1807  - Friedrich Theodor Vischer, German author, poet, and playwright (d. 1887)
• 1817  - Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist and explorer (d. 1911)
• 1843  - Ernest Mason Satow, English orientalist and diplomat (d. 1929)
• 1864  - Frederick Bligh Bond, English architect and archaeologist (d. 1945)
• 1884  - Georges Duhamel, French author and critic (d. 1966)
• 1889  - Archibald Frazer-Nash, English motor car designer, engineer and founder of Frazer Nash (d. 1965)
• 1890  - Paul Boffa, Maltese physician and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1962)
• 1891  - Man Mountain Dean, American wrestler and sergeant (d. 1953)
• 1891  - Ed Lewis, American wrestler and manager (d. 1966)
• 1891  - Stanley Spencer, English painter (d. 1959)
• 1892  - Pierre Blanchar, Algerian-French actor and director (d. 1963)
• 1893  - Nellah Massey Bailey, American politician and librarian (d. 1956)^{[32] [33]}
• 1893  - Walter Ulbricht, German soldier and politician (d. 1973)
• 1895  - Heinz Warneke, German-American sculptor and educator (d. 1983)
• 1899  - Madge Bellamy, American actress (d. 1990)

1901–present

• 1905  - John Van Ryn, American tennis player (d. 1999)
• 1906  - Anthony Mann, American actor and director (d. 1967)
• 1907  - Roman Shukhevych, Ukrainian general and politician (d. 1950)
• 1908  - Winston Graham, English author (d. 2003)
• 1908  - Luigi Rovere, Italian film producer (d. 1996)
• 1908  - Rob Nieuwenhuys, Dutch writer (d. 1999)
• 1909  - Juan Bosch, 43rd President of the Dominican Republic (d. 2001)
• 1911  - Czesław Miłosz, Polish novelist, essayist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)
• 1911  - Nagarjun, Indian poet (d. 1998)
• 1912  - Ludwig Bölkow, German engineer (d. 2003)
• 1912  - Dan Reeves, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1971)
• 1912  - María Luisa Dehesa Gómez Farías, Mexican architect (d. 2009)
• 1913  - Alfonso López Michelsen, Colombian lawyer and politician, 24th President of Colombia (d. 2007)
• 1913  - Harry Wismer, American sportscaster (d. 1967)
• 1914  - Francisco da Costa Gomes, Portuguese general and politician, 15th President of Portugal (d. 2001)
• 1914  - Allan Houser, American sculptor and painter (d. 1994)
• 1917  - Susan Hayward, American actress (d. 1975)^[34]
• 1917  - Lena Horne, American actress, singer, and activist (d. 2010)
• 1917  - Willa Kim, American costume designer (d. 2016)
• 1919  - Ed Yost, American inventor of the modern hot air balloon (d. 2007)
• 1920  - Eleanor Ross Taylor, American poet and educator (d. 2011)
• 1921  - Washington SyCip, American-Filipino accountant (d. 2017)
• 1924  - Max Trepp, Swiss sprinter (d. 1990)
• 1925  - Fred Schaus, American basketball player and coach (d. 2010)
• 1925  - Ebrahim Amini, Iranian politician (d. 2020)
• 1926  - Paul Berg, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2023)
• 1927  - Shirley Fry Irvin, American tennis player (d. 2021)
• 1927  - James Goldman, American screenwriter and playwright (d. 1998)
• 1927  - Mario Lanfranchi, Italian director, screenwriter, producer, collector and actor (d. 2022)
• 1927  - Frank McCabe, American basketball player (d. 2021)
• 1928  - Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli, Islamic philosopher, theologian, mathematician and mystic (d. 2021)
• 1928  - Nathaniel Tarn, American poet, essayist, anthropologist, and translator
• 1929  - Yang Ti-liang, Chinese judge (d. 2023)
• 1930  - Ben Atchley, American politician (d. 2018)
• 1930  - Ahmed Zaki Yamani, Saudi Arabian politician (d. 2021)
• 1930  - Ignatius Peter VIII Abdalahad, Syrian bishop (d. 2018)
• 1931  - Yo-Yo Davalillo, Venezuelan baseball player and manager (d. 2013)
• 1931  - Andrew Hill, American pianist and composer (d. 2007)
• 1931  - Ronald Rene Lagueux, American judge (d. 2023)
• 1931  - Kaye Vaughan, American football player (d. 2023)
• 1933  - Tomislav Ivić, Croatian football coach and manager (d. 2011)
• 1933  - Joan Murrell Owens, American educator and marine biologist (d. 2011)
• 1933  - M. J. K. Smith, English cricketer and rugby player
• 1933  - Orval Tessier, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2022)
• 1933  - Cookie, Australian Major Mitchell's cockatoo, oldest recorded parrot (d. 2016)^{[35] [36]}
• 1934  - Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician and author (d. 1997)
• 1935  - John Harlin, American pilot and mountaineer (d. 1966)
• 1936  - Assia Djebar, Algerian-French author and translator (d. 2015)
• 1936  - Nancy Dussault, American actress and singer
• 1936  - Tony Musante, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)
• 1936  - Dave Van Ronk, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
• 1937  - Larry Henley, American singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1938  - Billy Mills, American sprinter
• 1939  - Tony Hatch, English pianist, composer, and producer
• 1939  - Barry Hines, English author and screenwriter (d. 2016)
• 1939  - José Emilio Pacheco, Mexican poet and author (d. 2014)
• 1940  - Mark Spoelstra, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
• 1941  - Peter Pollock, South African cricketer and author
• 1942  - Robert Ballard, American lieutenant and oceanographer
• 1942  - Ron Harris, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1943  - Florence Ballard, American pop/soul singer (d. 1976)
• 1943  - Saeed Akhtar Mirza, Indian director and screenwriter
• 1944  - Terry Funk, American wrestler (d. 2023)^[37]
• 1944  - Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist and author
• 1944  - Glenn Shorrock, English-Australian singer-songwriter
• 1944  - Ron Swoboda, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1949  - Uwe Kliemann, German footballer, coach, and manager
• 1949  - Andy Scott, Welsh singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1949  - Bùi Thanh Liêm, Vietnamese cosmonaut (d. 1981)^[38]
• 1951  - Stanley Clarke, American bass player and composer
• 1952  - Athanassios S. Fokas, Greek mathematician and academic
• 1952  - David Garrison, American actor and singer
• 1953  - Hal Lindes, American-English guitarist and film score composer
• 1954  - Stephen Barlow, English organist, composer, and conductor
• 1954  - Pierre Charles, Dominican educator and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Dominica (d. 2004)
• 1954  - Serzh Sargsyan, Armenian politician, 3rd President of Armenia
• 1954  - Wayne Swan, Australian academic and politician, 14th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia
• 1955  - Brian Vollmer, Canadian singer
• 1955  - Egils Levits, Latvian judge, jurist, 10th President of Latvia^[39]
• 1956  - Volker Beck, German hurdler and coach
• 1956  - David Lidington, English historian, academic, and politician, Minister of State for Europe
• 1956  - David Alan Grier, American actor, singer, and comedian
• 1957  - Bud Black, American baseball player and manager
• 1957  - Sterling Marlin, American race car driver
• 1958  - Pam Royle, British television presenter, journalist and voice coach
• 1958  - Esa-Pekka Salonen, Finnish conductor and composer
• 1959  - Vincent D'Onofrio, American actor
• 1959  - Daniel Goldhagen, American political scientist, author, and academic
• 1959  - Brendan Perry, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1959  - Sakis Tsiolis, Greek footballer and manager
• 1959  - Sandip Verma, Baroness Verma, Indian-English businesswoman and politician
• 1960  - Jack McConnell, Scottish educator and politician, 3rd First Minister of Scotland
• 1960  - Murray Cook, Australian musician, actor, songwriter and producer
• 1961  - Lynne Jolitz, American computer scientist and programmer
• 1961  - Clive Nolan, English musician, composer and producer
• 1962  - Tony Fernández, Dominican baseball player (d. 2020)^[40]
• 1962  - Julianne Regan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1963  - Olha Bryzhina, Ukrainian sprinter
• 1963  - Rupert Graves, English actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1963  - Yngwie Malmsteen, Swedish guitarist and songwriter
• 1964  - Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg
• 1964  - Mark Waters, American director and producer
• 1965  - Steve Duchesne, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach
• 1965  - Cho Jae-hyun, South Korean actor^[41]
• 1965  - Anna Levandi, Russian figure skater and coach
• 1965  - Gary Pallister, English footballer and sportscaster
• 1965  - Mitch Richmond, American basketball player
• 1966  - Mike Tyson, American boxer and actor
• 1967  - Patrik Bodén, Swedish javelin thrower
• 1967  - David Busst, English footballer and manager
• 1967  - Victoria Kaspi, American-Canadian astrophysicist and academic
• 1968  - Phil Anselmo, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1969  - Sanath Jayasuriya, Sri Lankan cricketer and politician
• 1969  - Uta Rohländer, German sprinter
• 1969  - Sébastien Rose, Canadian director and screenwriter
• 1970  - Brian Bloom, American actor and screenwriter
• 1970  - Antonio Chimenti, Italian footballer and manager
• 1970  - Mark Grudzielanek, American baseball player and manager
• 1971  - Monica Potter, American actress
• 1972  - Sandra Cam, Belgian swimmer
• 1972  - Molly Parker, Canadian actress^[42]
• 1973  - Chan Ho Park, South Korean baseball player
• 1973  - Frank Rost, German footballer and manager
• 1974  - Hezekiél Sepeng, South African runner
• 1975  - James Bannatyne, New Zealand footballer
• 1975  - Ralf Schumacher, German race car driver
• 1978  - Ben Cousins, Australian footballer
• 1978  - Patrick Ivuti, Kenyan runner
• 1978  - Claudio Rivalta, Italian footballer
• 1979  - Sylvain Chavanel, French cyclist
• 1980  - Rade Prica, Swedish footballer
• 1980  - Seyi Olofinjana, Nigerian footballer
• 1980  - Ryan ten Doeschate, Dutch cricketer
• 1981  - Can Artam, Turkish race car driver
• 1981  - Matt Kirk, Canadian football player
• 1981  - Barbora Špotáková, Czech javelin thrower
• 1981  - Ben Utecht, American football player
• 1982  - Lizzy Caplan, American actress
• 1982  - Ignacio Carrasco, Mexican footballer
• 1983  - Marcus Burghardt, German cyclist
• 1983  - Katherine Ryan, UK-based Canadian comedian and presenter
• 1983  - Cheryl, English singer and TV personality
• 1984  - Fantasia Barrino, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1984  - Dax Harwood, American wrestler^[43]
• 1984  - Tunku Ismail Idris, Crown Prince of Johor, Malaysia
• 1985  - Trevor Ariza, American basketball player^[44]
• 1985  - Michael Phelps, American swimmer^[45]
• 1985  - Cody Rhodes, American wrestler^[46]
• 1985  - Fabiana Vallejos, Argentinian footballer
• 1986  - Alicia Fox, American wrestler, model, and actress
• 1986  - Fredy Guarín, Colombian footballer
• 1986  - Nicola Pozzi, Italian footballer
• 1986  - Allegra Versace, Italian-American businesswoman^[47]
• 1987  - Ryan Cook, American baseball player^[48]
• 1987  - Andrew Hedgman, New Zealand runner
• 1988  - Jacksfilms, American YouTuber^[49]
• 1988  - Joe Mazzulla, American basketball coach^[50]
• 1989  - Asbel Kiprop, Kenyan runner
• 1989  - Steffen Liebig, German rugby player
• 1989  - David Myers, Australian footballer
• 1993  - Trea Turner, American baseball player^[51]
• 1995  - bbno$, Canadian singer-songwriter^[52]
• 1997  - A. J. Brown, American football player^[53]
• 1997  - Reuben Garrick, Australian rugby league player^[54]
• 1998  - Tom Davies, English footballer

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 350  - Nepotianus, Roman ruler
• 710  - Erentrude, Frankish abbess
• 888  - Æthelred, archbishop of Canterbury
• 1066  - St.Theobald Of Provins^[55]
• 1181  - Hugh de Kevelioc, 5th Earl of Chester, Welsh politician (b. 1147)
• 1224  - Adolf of Osnabrück, German monk and bishop (b. 1185)
• 1278  - Pierre de la Broce, French courtier
• 1337  - Eleanor de Clare, English noblewoman (b. 1290)
• 1364  - Arnošt of Pardubice, Czech archbishop (b. 1297)
• 1538  - Charles II, Duke of Guelders (b. 1467)
• 1522  - Johann Reuchlin, German humanist and Hebrew scholar (b. 1455)

1601–1900

• 1607  - Caesar Baronius, Italian cardinal and historian (b. 1538)
• 1649  - Simon Vouet, French painter (b. 1590)
• 1660  - William Oughtred, English minister and mathematician (b. 1575)
• 1666  - Alexander Brome, English poet and playwright (b. 1620)
• 1670  - Henrietta of England (b. 1644)
• 1704  - John Quelch, English pirate (b. 1665)
• 1708  - Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (b. 1684)
• 1709  - Edward Lhuyd, Welsh botanist, linguist, and geographer (b. 1660)
• 1785  - James Oglethorpe, English general and politician, 1st Colonial Governor of Georgia (b. 1696)
• 1796  - Abraham Yates Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1724)
• 1857  - Alcide d'Orbigny, French zoologist and paleontologist (b. 1802)
• 1882  - Charles J. Guiteau, American preacher and lawyer, assassin of James A. Garfield (b. 1841)
• 1882  - Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer and businessman (b. 1827)
• 1890  - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman, American organist and composer (b. 1819)

1901–present

• 1908  - Thomas Hill, American painter (b. 1829)
• 1913  - Alphonse Kirchhoffer, French fencer (b. 1873)
• 1916  - Eunice Eloisae Gibbs Allyn, American correspondent, author, and poet (b. 1847)
• 1917  - Antonio de La Gándara, French painter and illustrator (b. 1861)
• 1917  - Dadabhai Naoroji, Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader (b. 1825)
• 1919  - John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
• 1932  - Bruno Kastner, German actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1890)
• 1934  - Karl Ernst, German soldier (b. 1904)
• 1934  - Erich Klausener, German soldier and politician (b. 1885)
• 1934  - Gustav Ritter von Kahr, German lawyer and politician, Minister-President of Bavaria (b. 1862)
• 1934  - Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1892)
• 1934  - Kurt von Schleicher, German general and politician, 23rd Chancellor of Germany (b. 1882)
• 1941  - Yefim Fomin, Belarusian politician (b. 1909)
• 1941  - Aleksander Tõnisson, Estonian general and politician, 5th Estonian Minister of War (b. 1875)
• 1948  - Prince Sabahaddin, Turkish-Swiss sociologist and academic (b. 1879)
• 1949  - Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild, French financier and polo player (b. 1868)
• 1951  - Yrjö Saarela, Finnish wrestler and coach (b. 1884)
• 1953  - Elsa Beskow, Swedish author and illustrator (b. 1874)
• 1953  - Charles William Miller, Brazilian footballer and civil servant (b. 1874)
• 1954  - Andrass Samuelsen, Faroese politician, 1st Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1873)
• 1956  - Thorleif Lund, Norwegian actor (b. 1880)
• 1959  - José Vasconcelos, Mexican philosopher and politician (b. 1882)
• 1961  - Lee de Forest, American inventor, invented the audion tube (b. 1873)
• 1966  - Giuseppe Farina, Italian race car driver (b. 1906)
• 1966  - Margery Allingham, English author of detective fiction (b. 1904)
• 1968  - Ernst Marcus, German zoologist (b. 1893)
• 1971  - Georgi Asparuhov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1943)
• 1971  - Herbert Biberman, American director and screenwriter (b. 1900)
• 1971  - Georgy Dobrovolsky Ukrainian pilot and astronaut (b. 1928)
• 1971  - Nikola Kotkov, Bulgarian footballer (b. 1938)
• 1971  - Viktor Patsayev, Kazakh engineer and astronaut (b. 1933)
• 1971  - Vladislav Volkov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1935)
• 1973  - Nancy Mitford, English journalist and author (b. 1904)
• 1973  - Vasyl Velychkovsky, Ukrainian-Canadian bishop and martyr (b. 1903)
• 1974  - Alberta Williams King, Civil rights activist (b. 1904)^[56]
• 1976  - Firpo Marberry, American baseball player and umpire (b. 1898)
• 1984  - Lillian Hellman, American author and playwright (b. 1905)^[57]
• 1985  - Haruo Remeliik, Palauan politician, 1st President of Palau (b. 1933)
• 1995  - Georgy Beregovoy, Ukrainian general and astronaut (b. 1921)
• 1995  - Gale Gordon, American actor and voice artist (b. 1906)
• 1996  - Lakis Petropoulos, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1932)
• 2001  - Chet Atkins, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1924)
• 2001  - Joe Henderson, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1937)
• 2002  - Chico Xavier, Brazilian medium and author (b. 1910)
• 2003  - Buddy Hackett, American actor and comedian (b. 1924)
• 2003  - Robert McCloskey, American author and illustrator (b. 1915)
• 2004  - Eddie Burns, Australian rugby league player (b. 1916)
• 2007  - Sahib Singh Verma, Indian librarian and politician, 4th Chief Minister of Delhi (b. 1943)
• 2009  - Pina Bausch, German dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1940)
• 2009  - Harve Presnell, American actor and singer (b. 1933)
• 2012  - Michael Abney-Hastings, 14th Earl of Loudoun, English-Australian politician (b. 1942)
• 2012  - Yitzhak Shamir, Israeli politician, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (b. 1915)
• 2012  - Michael J. Ybarra, American journalist and author (b. 1966)
• 2013  - Alan Campbell, Baron Campbell of Alloway, English lawyer and judge (b. 1917)
• 2013  - Akpor Pius Ewherido, Nigerian politician (b. 1963)
• 2013  - Kathryn Morrison, American educator and politician (b. 1942)
• 2013  - Thompson Oliha, Nigerian footballer (b. 1968)
• 2013  - Keith Seaman, Australian politician, 29th Governor of South Australia (b. 1920)
• 2014  - Frank Cashen, American businessman (b. 1925)
• 2014  - Paul Mazursky, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1930)
• 2014  - Željko Šturanović, Montenegrin lawyer and politician, 31st Prime Minister of Montenegro (b. 1960)
• 2015  - Charles W. Bagnal, American general (b. 1934)
• 2015  - Robert Dewar, English-American computer scientist and academic (b. 1945)
• 2015  - Arthur Porter, Canadian physician and academic (b. 1956)
• 2015  - Leonard Starr, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)
• 2017  - Barry Norman, English television presenter (b. 1933)
• 2017  - Simone Veil, French lawyer and politician (b. 1927)^[58]
• 2018  - Smoke Dawg, Canadian rapper (b. 1996)^[59]
• 2021  - Raj Kaushal, Indian Film Director and Producer (b. 1971)
• 2022  - Technoblade, American YouTuber and streamer (b. 1999)^[60]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Martial
  • Feast of the 12 Apostles is on June 30 (marks the end of the Season of Pentecost and the beginning of the Season of Apostles)^[61]
  • St. Peter and St. Paul (in some Eastern Orthodox denominations)
  • First Martyrs of the Church of Rome
  • St. Theobald of Provins
  • St. Adolf of Osnabrück
  • St. Otto of Bamberg
  • June 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Armed Forces Day (Guatemala)
• Asteroid Day (International observance)
• General Prayer Day (Central African Republic)
• Independence Day (Democratic Republic of the Congo), celebrates the independence of Democratic Republic of the Congo from Belgium in 1960.
• Navy Day (Israel)
• Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day (Philippines)
• Revolution Day (Sudan)
• Teachers' Day (Dominican Republic)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on June 30 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Pope Saint Marcellinus. Catholic Encyclopedia. 30 June 2019. 12 October 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121012233942/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09637d.htm. live.
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3. Book: Jim Bradbury. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare. 2 August 2004. Routledge. 978-1-134-59847-2. 232. 1 July 2019. 18 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918082644/https://books.google.com/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA232. live.
4. Book: Bard, Rachel. Navarra: The Durable Kingdom. Reno, Nev.. University of Nevada Press. 1982. 9780874170733. 96.
5. Book: Benedict, Phillip. Graphic History: The Wars, Massacres and Troubles of Tortorel and Perrissin. Geneva. Droz. 2007. 9782600004404. 227. 2020-06-30. 2014-06-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20140627180300/http://books.google.com/books?id=ZO75rkTPt5QC. live.
6. Book: Van Middeldyk, R A . The History of Puerto Rico . 2008 . Echo Library . Teddington, UK. 114 . 978-1-4068-7497-6.
7. Book: Seppo Zetterberg . Viron Historia . Helsinki . . 2007 . 978-9517465205. fi.
8. Book: Stone, Daniel. The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795. Seattle. University of Washington Press. 2001. 9780295980935. 165. 2020-06-30. 2020-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20200919074802/https://books.google.com/books?id=AxETCgAAQBAJ. live.
9. Book: Murphy, Andrew R.. William Penn: A Life. New York. Oxford University Press. 2019. 9780190234249. 197. 2020-07-01. 2021-09-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918082716/https://books.google.com/books?id=FzpxDwAAQBAJ. live.
10. Book: Wijn, J.W. . Het Staatsche Leger: Deel VIII Het tijdperk van de Spaanse Successieoorlog (The Dutch States Army: Part VIII The era of the War of the Spanish Succession) . Martinus Nijhoff . 1956. Dutch.
11. Book: Redman, Herbert J.. Frederick the Great and the Seven Years' War, 1756-1763. Jefferson, N.C.. McFarland & Company. 2015. 9780786476695. 187–188. 2020-07-01. 2021-09-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918082646/https://books.google.com/books?id=fm4xBgAAQBAJ. live.
12. Book: Farmer, Silas. The Michigan Book: A State Cyclopedia. Detroit. Press of John F. Eby & Co.. 1901. 12143171. 314. 2020-07-01. 2011-12-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20111209130448/http://books.google.com/books?id=my8dAAAAMAAJ. live.
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16. Book: Bunson, Matthew. Saint Pope Paul VI: Celebrating the 262nd Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. Irondale, Ala.. ETWN Publishing. 2018. 9781682780701. 117. 2020-07-01. 2021-09-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20210918082646/https://books.google.com/books?id=doF1DwAAQBAJ. live.
17. News: Gwertzman. Bernard. Russians Mourn Soyuz 11 Astronauts. The New York Times. July 2, 1971. 14. none.

    News: Teitel. Amy Shira. Only Three People Have Died in Space. Discover Magazine. August 20, 2017. June 30, 2020. July 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200702185300/https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/only-three-people-have-died-in-space. live.

18. Web site: Hatherill . Chris . 2016-03-09 . When Astronomers Chased a Total Eclipse in a Concorde . 2024-04-29 . Vice . en.
19. News: Franklin. Ben A.. Baltimore Ends Its 15-Day Strike. The New York Times. July 16, 1974. 1, 22, 73.
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36. Web site: Cookie the Cockatoo at Brookfield Zoo dies. 29 August 2016. Chicago Tribune. 20 June 2023. 13 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200413150407/https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/museums/ct-brookfield-zoo-cookie-cockatoo-dead-20160829-column.html. live.
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