3-pounder Whitworth rifle explained

Is Artillery:yes
Is Uk:yes
3-pounder Whitworth rifle
Used By:United States
Wars:American Civil War
Part Length:6 ft
Weight:208 lbs
Range:9,500 yards (9,688 claimed)
Breech:1.5 inches
Designer:Joseph Whitworth
Manufacturer:Joseph Whitworth

The 3-pounder Whitworth rifle was a small caliber field gun deployed during the mid-19th century. Designed by Joseph Whitworth, the gun was most notably used during the American Civil War.

Description

The 3-pdr rifle was designed by British manufacturer Joseph Whitworth in the early 1850s. Along with Whitworth's 12-pdr rifle, the artillery piece was considered for adoption by the British government's Board of Ordnance, eventually losing out to the Armstrong gun.[1] During the American Civil War the weapon was imported and saw service in the Union army and possibly[2] in the Confederate army. In service, the rifle was sometimes referred to as a mountain gun, though this might stem from a confusion over caliber sizes.[3]

From a design standpoint, the weapon was unique. Like all of Whitworth's designs, the weapon had a hexagon-ally rifled barrel. It was also a breechloader, an unusual feature for the time. The piece had exceptional range and accuracy, being capable of firing a 3-pound shell over 9,500 yards.[4] However, the small size of the shell limited its bursting charge, consequently reducing the number of fragments formed when the shell detonated. According to a 1860 New York Times article covering Whitworth's weapons, the relatively small 3-pdr had superior range compared to his larger rifled guns.[5]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2008-02-13. Whitworth Rifled Ordnance. 2020-09-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20080213152724/http://riv.co.nz/rnza/hist/gun/rifled2.htm. 2008-02-13.
  2. Weller, Jac. "The Confederate Use Of British Cannon." Civil War History 3, no. 2 (1957): 135-152h. doi:10.1353/cwh.1957.0019.
  3. Web site: Whitworth mountain gun. 2020-09-06. www.bulgarianartillery.it.
  4. Book: Bartleson, John D.. A Field Guide for Civil War Explosive Ordnance. 1972. U.S. Naval School, Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Naval Ordnance Station. en.
  5. News: 1860-03-21. The New Rifled Cannon.; EXPERIMENTS WITH MR. WHITWORTH'S NEWLY INVENTED BREACH-LOADING CANNON.. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-09-06. 0362-4331.