| Unit Name: | 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (1998–2009, 2015–present)----2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command (2009–2015) |
| Dates: | 1998–2009 2015–present |
| Type: | Air army |
| Command Structure: | Central Military District |
| Garrison: | Yekaterinburg |
| Current Commander: | Major General Vladimir Sergeyevich Melnikov |
| Notable Commanders: |
The 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army is an air army of the Russian Aerospace Forces, part of the Central Military District and headquartered at Yekaterinburg.
It was formed in 1998 from the 14th Independent Air Defence Army when the Russian Air Force was reorganized to combine both Air Force and Air Defence Forces units.
It was redesignated as the 2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command when the Russian Air Force reorganized its armies into commands in 2009, but returned to its original name in 2015 when the commands became armies again.
In the summer and fall of 1948, for the defence of strategic targets within Soviet territory, air defence districts were created, which included the Omsk and Novosibirsk Air Defence Districts, referred to as districts of the 3rd category. In a July 1952 reorganization by directive of the Commander of the Air Defence Forces, the area of responsibility of the Novosibirsk Air Defence District was somewhat expanded, becoming an Air Defence District of the 3rd category. As a result, 1 July 1952 became considered the date of formation of the Novosibirsk air defence units.
On 1 May 1953, with the elimination of the Omsk Air Defence District headquarters during reorganization, the Novosibirsk Air Defence District included 3,900 personnel and 170 anti-aircraft guns in two anti-aircraft regiments. During reorganization in July and August 1954 the Novosibirsk Air Defence District became the Novosibirsk Air Defence Division. In accordance with a 19 March 1956 Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union decree directing the strengthening of air defence in Siberia and the Urals, in addition to the interceptor air defence units, dozens of radio-technical and surface-to-air missile units were formed, and along the northern Arctic Ocean coast a network of long-range radar stations was created to detect enemy aviation. In accordance with a 2 October 1956 directive of the General Staff, the Novosibirsk Air Defence Division was reorganized as the Novosibirsk Air Defence Corps, which included the 186th Amur Fighter Aviation Division PVO.During the spring and summer of 1960, the headquarters of the corps was reorganized into that of the 14th Independent Air Defence Army (14-й Краснознамённая армия ПВО). The new army included the 20th Amur Air Defence Division at Tolmachevo near Novosibirsk, formed from the 186th, the 26th Mukden Air Defence Division in Irkutsk, formed from the 246th Fighter Aviation Division PVO, and the new 33rd Air Defence Division at Semipalatinsk. The 20th Air Defence Division controlled units from western Siberia east to Krasnoyarsk Krai, the 26th Air Defence Division was responsible for air defence units based in Irkutsk, Chita, and Yakutia, and the 33rd Air Defence Division was responsible for air defence units based in Omsk Oblast and northeast Kazakhstan. The army was expanded in 1969 by the creation of the 22nd Air Defence Division headquarters at Norilsk to take over control of the radar station network along the northern Arctic coast.
As a result of the 1980 reorganization, the army included the 38th and 39th Air Defence Corps and the 22nd Air Defence Division. In spring 1980, the 33rd Air Defence Division headquarters was relocated to the Transbaikal Military District and the units formerly part of the division fell under the new 56th Air Defence Corps at Semipalatinsk, which became part of the Central Asian Military District. During the same reorganization, the 20th and 26th Air Defence Divisions became the 38th and 39th Air Defence Corps, respectively. The responsibilities of the 39th Air Defence Corps were accordingly changed to Irkutsk, Yakutsk, and Krasnoyarsk. In spring 1986, the 56th Air Defence Corps at Semipalatinsk returned to control of the army. The 39th Air Defence Corps reverted to division status as the 94th Air Defence Division in spring 1988. The 50th Guards Air Defence Corps at Atamanovka, responsible for Transbaikalia, became part of the army in early 1989 after the Soviet withdrawal from Mongolia.
In 1988 five fighter regiments were part of the army.
Fighter Regiments of the 14th Army PVO 1988 (Source Feskov et al. 2004)[1]
| Regiment | Base | Equipment | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 64th Fighter Aviation Regiment | MiG-31 | 56th Air Defence Corps | ||
| 350th Fighter Aviation Regiment | Bratsk | MiG-31 | Formed 1945 | |
| 356th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO | Zhaneysmey (Semipalatinsk Airport)[2] | MiG-31 | Formed March 1944; 56th Air Defence Corps. | |
| 712th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment | Kansk | 39 ADC (became 94 ADD February 1988) | ||
| 849th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO | Kupino | MiG-23MLD | 38th Air Defence Corps |
Also in 1988 as part of the army was the 197th independent Transport Aviation Regiment at Tolmachevo Airport outside Novosibirsk in Novosibirsk Oblast.[3] It flew An-12/24/26, and Mi-8s. The regiment had been formed as the 43rd independent Transport Aviation Squadron in 1969, and was upgraded into a regiment in 1988. It survived until May 1998, but was downgraded again into a squadron in 1996.
In accordance with a December 1994 directive, the 14th Independent Air Defence Army was reorganized as the 6th Independent Air Defence Corps.
The 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (14 A VVS i PVO) traces its lineage to the Novosibirsk Air Defence Division (March 1954); the Novosibirsk Air Defence Corps (11/15/1956); the 14th Independent Air Defence Army (3/24/1960);[4] and then the 6th Independent Air Defence Corps (6/10/1994). The 6th Independent Corps comprised the 16th Guards, 20th, and 94th Mukden Air Defence Divisions.
The 14th Air and Air Defence Forces Army was formed in 1998, from the 6th Independent Air Defence Corps of the Russian Air Defence Forces at Novosibirsk; the 23rd Air Army of the Russian Air Forces from Chita; and the 50th Independent Air Defence Corps also from Chita. The new army was given the title of 14th Army of the Air Force and Air Defence. Its zone of responsibility covered the huge area of the Siberian Military District, Air Forces Monthly (AFM) said, and its headquarters was located in Novosibirsk. AFM also said that the aircraft were concentrated in the southern part of the territory, along the border with Kazakhstan and Mongolia. In 2007 the commander of the new army, AFM also reported, was General-Lieutenant Nikolay Danilov.
The 50th Guards Air Defence Corps was consolidated into the 26th Guards Air Defence Division in November 1998.
The most important force, AFM noted, within the army was the 21st Composite Air Division (21st SAD), which operated a Sukhoi Su-24M tactical bomber regiment, a Su-24MR reconnaissance regiment and a Su-25 attack aircraft regiment. The 21st SAD appears to date from the establishment of the 21st Bomber Aviation Division (Military Unit Number 17954) as part of the 23rd Air Army in 1979 at Dzhida.[5] The division was stationed in the eastern part of the army's area of responsibility, near the Chinese border.
The army was disbanded in 2009 by being redesignated as the 2nd Air and Air Defence Forces Command.
The 21st Separate Aviation Division amalgamated with 2 BAP circa 2010 to become the 6980th Guards Aviation Base of the 1st Rank. The new base (Military Unit Number 69806) was equipped with Sukhoi Su-24M bombers and Su-24MR reconnaissance aircraft and stationed at Chelyabinsk Shagol Airport.[6]
The army was reformed in August 2015. Lieutenant General Alexander Tatarenko† took command in January 2016.[7]
Under separate command, the command of Russian Long Range Aviation, there are long-range bomber units based at Engels and Belaya air bases within the geographical boundaries of the Central Military District.