March 2 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 537  - Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his bucellarii are almost cut off.^[1]
• 986  - Louis V becomes the last Carolingian king of West Francia after the death of his father, Lothaire.^[2]
• 1331  - Fall of Nicaea to the Ottoman Turks after a siege.^[3]
• 1444  - Skanderbeg organizes a group of Albanian nobles to form the League of Lezhë.^[4]
• 1458  - George of Poděbrady is chosen as the king of Bohemia.^[5]
• 1476  - Burgundian Wars: The Old Swiss Confederacy hands Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a major defeat in the Battle of Grandson in Canton of Neuchâtel.^[6]
• 1484  - The College of Arms is formally incorporated by Royal Charter signed by King Richard III of England.^[7]
• 1498  - Vasco da Gama's fleet visits the Island of Mozambique.^[8]

1601–1900

• 1657  - The Great Fire of Meireki begins in Edo (now Tokyo), Japan, causing more than 100,000 deaths before it exhausts itself three days later.
• 1776  - American Revolutionary War: Patriot militia units attempt to prevent capture of supply ships in and around the Savannah River by a small fleet of the Royal Navy in the Battle of the Rice Boats.^[9]
• 1791  - Claude Chappe demonstrates the first semaphore line near Paris.
• 1797  - The Bank of England issues the first one-pound and two-pound banknotes.
• 1807  - The U.S. Congress passes the Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves, disallowing the importation of new slaves into the country.
• 1811  - Argentine War of Independence: A royalist fleet defeats a small flotilla of revolutionary ships in the Battle of San Nicolás on the River Plate.
• 1815  - Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.
• 1836  - Texas Revolution: The Declaration of independence of the Republic of Texas from Mexico is adopted.
• 1855  - Alexander II becomes Tsar of Russia.
• 1859  - The two-day Great Slave Auction, the largest such auction in United States history, begins.
• 1865  - East Cape War: The Völkner Incident in New Zealand.
• 1867  - The U.S. Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act.
• 1877  - Just two days before inauguration, the U.S. Congress declares Rutherford B. Hayes the winner of the 1876 U.S. presidential election even though Samuel J. Tilden had won the popular vote.
• 1882  - Queen Victoria narrowly escapes an assassination attempt by Roderick Maclean in Windsor.

1901–present

• 1901  - United States Steel Corporation is founded as a result of a merger between Carnegie Steel Company and Federal Steel Company which became the first corporation in the world with a market capital over $1 billion.
• 1901  - The U.S. Congress passes the Platt Amendment limiting the autonomy of Cuba, as a condition of the withdrawal of American troops.
• 1903  - In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
• 1917  - The enactment of the Jones–Shafroth Act grants Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
• 1919  - The first Communist International meets in Moscow.^[10]
• 1932  - Finnish president P. E. Svinhufvud gives a radio speech, which four days later finally ends the Mäntsälä Rebellion and the far-right Lapua Movement that started it.^{[11] [12]}
• 1937  - The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.^[13]
• 1939  - Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli is elected Pope and takes the name Pius XII.^[14]
• 1941  - World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact.
• 1943  - World War II: During the Battle of the Bismarck Sea Allied aircraft defeated a Japanese attempt to ship troops to New Guinea.
• 1949  - Captain James Gallagher lands his B-50 Superfortress Lucky Lady II in Fort Worth, Texas, after completing the first non-stop around-the-world airplane flight in 94 hours and one minute.^[15]
• 1955  - Norodom Sihanouk, king of Cambodia, abdicates the throne in favor of his father, Norodom Suramarit.^[16]
• 1962  - In Burma, the army led by General Ne Win seizes power in a coup d'état.^[17]
• 1962  - Wilt Chamberlain sets the single-game scoring record in the National Basketball Association by scoring 100 points.^[18]
• 1965  - The US and Republic of Vietnam Air Force begin Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam.^[19]
• 1968  - Baggeridge Colliery closes marking the end of over 300 years of coal mining in the Black Country.^[20]
• 1969  - In Toulouse, France, the first test flight of the Anglo-French Concorde is conducted.^[21]
• 1970  - Rhodesia declares itself a republic, breaking its last links with the British crown.^[22]
• 1972  - The Pioneer 10 space probe is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida with a mission to explore the outer planets.^[23]
• 1977  - Libya becomes the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya as the General People's Congress adopted the "Declaration on the Establishment of the Authority of the People".^[24]
• 1978  - Czech Vladimír Remek becomes the first non-Russian or non-American to go into space, when he is launched aboard Soyuz 28.^[25]
• 1978  - The late iconic actor Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from his grave in Switzerland.^[26]
• 1983  - Compact discs and players are released for the first time in the United States and other markets.^[27] They had previously been available only in Japan.^[28]
• 1989  - Twelve European Community nations agree to ban the production of all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by the end of the century.^[29]
• 1990  - Nelson Mandela is elected deputy president of the African National Congress.^[30]
• 1991  - Establishment of Kuwait Democratic Forum, center-left political organization in Kuwait.^[31]
• 1991  - Battle at Rumaila oil field brings an end to the 1991 Gulf War.
• 1992  - Start of the war in Transnistria.
• 1992  - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, San Marino, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, all of which (except San Marino) were former Soviet republics, join the United Nations.
• 1995  - Researchers at Fermilab announce the discovery of the top quark.
• 1998  - Data sent from the Galileo spacecraft indicates that Jupiter's moon Europa has a liquid ocean under a thick crust of ice.
• 2002  - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins, (ending on March 19 after killing 500 Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters, with 11 Western troop fatalities).
• 2004  - War in Iraq: Al-Qaeda carries out the Ashoura Massacre in Iraq, killing 170 and wounding over 500.
• 2012  - A tornado outbreak occurs over a large section of the Southern United States and into the Ohio Valley region, resulting in 40 tornado-related fatalities.
• 2017  - The elements Moscovium, Tennessine, and Oganesson are officially added to the periodic table at a conference in Moscow, Russia.
• 2022  - Russian forces capture the city of Kherson during the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which subsequently began the start of the Russian occupation and military-civilian administration in Kherson.^[32] Kherson is the only regional capital in Ukraine that Russia captured.

Births

Pre-1600

• 480  - Benedict of Nursia, Italian Christian saint (d. 543 or 547)
• 1316  - Robert II of Scotland (d. 1390)
• 1409  - Jean II, Duke of Alençon (d. 1476)
• 1432  - Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach, countess consort of Hanau (d. 1457)
• 1453  - Johannes Engel, German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (d. 1512)^[33]
• 1459  - Pope Adrian VI (d. 1523)^[34]
• 1481  - Franz von Sickingen, German knight (d. 1523)
• 1545  - Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and scholar, founded the Bodleian Library (d. 1613)
• 1577  - George Sandys, English traveller, colonist and poet (d. 1644)

1601–1900

• 1628  - Cornelis Speelman, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1684)
• 1651  - Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (d. 1730)
• 1705  - William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish lawyer, judge, and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1793)
• 1740  - Nicholas Pocock, English naval painter (d. 1821)
• 1760  - Camille Desmoulins, French journalist and politician (d. 1794)
• 1769  - DeWitt Clinton, American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of New York (d. 1828)
• 1770  - Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (d. 1826)
• 1779  - Joel Roberts Poinsett, American physician and politician, 15th United States Secretary of War (d. 1851)
• 1793  - Sam Houston, American soldier and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
• 1800  - Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian-Italian poet and philosopher (d. 1844)
• 1810  - Pope Leo XIII (d. 1903)
• 1816  - Alexander Bullock, American lawyer and politician, 26th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1882)
• 1817  - János Arany, Hungarian journalist and poet (d. 1882)
• 1820  - Multatuli, Dutch writer (d. 1887)
• 1824  - Bedřich Smetana, Czech pianist and composer (d. 1884)
• 1829  - Carl Schurz, German-American general, lawyer, and politician, 13th United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1906)
• 1836  - Henry Billings Brown, American lawyer and judge (d. 1913)
• 1842  - Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer, art collector, and philanthropist (d. 1914)
• 1846  - Marie Roze, French soprano (d. 1926)
• 1849  - Robert Means Thompson, American commander, lawyer, and businessman (d. 1930)
• 1859  - Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian-American author and playwright (d. 1916)
• 1860  - Susanna M. Salter, American activist and politician (d. 1961)
• 1862  - John Jay Chapman, American lawyer, author, and poet (d. 1933)
• 1869  - Julien Félix, French military officer and aviator (d. 1914) ^[35]
• 1876  - James A. Gilmore, American businessman and baseball executive (d. 1947)^[36]
• 1876  - Pope Pius XII (d. 1958)
• 1880  - René Vallon, French aviator (d. 1911)^[37]
• 1886  - Willis H. O'Brien, American animator and director (d. 1962)
• 1886  - Kurt Grelling, German logician and philosopher (d. 1942)
• 1900  - Kurt Weill, German-American pianist and composer (d. 1950)

1901–present

• 1901  - Grete Hermann, German mathematician and philosopher (d. 1984)
• 1902  - Moe Berg, American baseball player and spy (d. 1972)^[38]
• 1902  - Edward Condon, American physicist and academic (d. 1974)
• 1904  - Dr. Seuss, American children's book writer, poet, and illustrator (d. 1991)^[38]
• 1905  - Marc Blitzstein, American composer and songwriter (d. 1964)
• 1905  - Geoffrey Grigson, English poet and critic (d. 1985)
• 1908  - Walter Bruch, German engineer (d. 1990)
• 1909  - Mel Ott, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (d. 1958)
• 1912  - Henry Katzman, American pianist, composer, and painter (d. 2001)
• 1913  - Godfried Bomans, Dutch television host and author (d. 1971)
• 1913  - Mort Cooper, American baseball player (d. 1958)
• 1914  - Martin Ritt, American actor and film director (d. 1990)
• 1915  - John Burton, Australian public servant and diplomat, Australian High Commissioner to Ceylon (d. 2010)
• 1917  - Desi Arnaz, Cuban-American actor, singer, and producer (d. 1986)^[38]
• 1917  - David Goodis, American author and screenwriter (d. 1967)
• 1917  - Jim Konstanty, American baseball player and coach (d. 1976)
• 1919  - Jennifer Jones, American actress (d. 2009)^[38]
• 1919  - Eddie Lawrence, American actor, singer, and playwright (d. 2014)
• 1919  - Tamara Toumanova, Russian-American ballerina and actress (d. 1996)
• 1921  - Kazimierz Górski, Polish footballer and coach (d. 2006)
• 1921  - Ernst Haas, Austrian-American photographer and journalist (d. 1986)
• 1922  - Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, American saxophonist (d. 1986)
• 1922  - Bill Quackenbush, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1999)
• 1922  - Frances Spence, American computer programmer (d. 2012)
• 1923  - Basil Hume, English cardinal (d. 1999)
• 1923  - Robert H. Michel, American soldier and politician (d. 2017)
• 1923  - Dave Strack, American basketball player and coach (d. 2014)
• 1924  - Cal Abrams, American baseball player (d. 1997)
• 1924  - Renos Apostolidis, Greek philologist, author, and critic (d. 2004)
• 1926  - Bernard Agré, Ivorian cardinal (d. 2014)
• 1926  - Murray Rothbard, American economist and historian (d. 1995)
• 1927  - Roger Walkowiak, French cyclist and economist (d. 2017)^[39]
• 1930  - John Cullum, American actor and singer
• 1930  - Emma Penella, Spanish actress (d. 2007)
• 1930  - Tom Wolfe, American journalist and author (d. 2018)
• 1931  - Mikhail Gorbachev, Russian lawyer and politician, the 8th and final leader of the Soviet Union, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2022)
• 1932  - Gun Hägglund, Swedish journalist and translator (d. 2011)
• 1933  - Leo Dillon, American illustrator (d. 2012)^[40]
• 1934  - Howard Cassady, American football player (d. 2019)^[41]
• 1934  - Dottie Rambo, American singer-songwriter (d. 2008)
• 1935  - Gene Stallings, American football player and coach
• 1936  - Haroon Ahmed, Pakistani-English engineer and academic
• 1936  - John Tusa, Czech-English journalist and academic
• 1937  - Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algerian soldier and politician, 5th President of Algeria (d. 2021)
• 1938  - Clark Gesner, American author and composer (d. 2002)
• 1938  - Ricardo Lagos, Chilean economist, lawyer, and politician, 33rd President of Chile
• 1938  - Lawrence Payton, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 1997)
• 1939  - Jan Howard Finder, American author and academic (d. 2013)
• 1940  - Billy McNeill, Scottish footballer (d. 2019)
• 1941  - John Cornell, Australian actor, director, and producer (d. 2021)
• 1941  - David Satcher, American admiral and physician, 16th Surgeon General of the United States
• 1942  - John Irving, American novelist and screenwriter
• 1942  - Claude Larose, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1942  - Mir-Hossein Mousavi, Iranian architect and politician, 79th Prime Minister of Iran
• 1942  - Lou Reed, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (d. 2013)^[38]
• 1942  - Derek Woodley, English footballer (d. 2002)
• 1943  - George Layton, English actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1943  - Peter Straub, American author and poet (d. 2022)
• 1943  - Robert Williams, American painter and cartoonist
• 1944 – Leif Segerstam, Finnish conductor and composer (d. 2024)^[42]
• 1945  - Derek Watkins, English trumpet player and composer (d. 2013)
• 1947  - John Dawkins, Australian politician^[43]
• 1947  - Nelson Ned, Brazilian singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
• 1947  - Harry Redknapp, English footballer and manager
• 1948  - Larry Carlton, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1948  - Rory Gallagher, Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 1995)^[38]
• 1948  - Jeff Kennett, Australian journalist and politician, 43rd Premier of Victoria
• 1948  - Carmen Lawrence, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Western Australia
• 1950  - Karen Carpenter, American singer (d. 1983)^[38]
• 1952  - Mark Evanier, American author and screenwriter
• 1952  - Laraine Newman, American actress and comedian
• 1953  - Russ Feingold, American lawyer and politician
• 1953  - Kazuo Kitagawa, Japanese politician^[44]
• 1954  - Ed Johnstone, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1955  - Dale Bozzio, American pop-rock singer-songwriter
• 1955  - Jay Osmond, American singer, drummer, actor, and TV/film producer
• 1955  - Ken Salazar, American lawyer and politician, 50th United States Secretary of the Interior
• 1955  - Steve Small, Australian cricketer
• 1956  - John Cowsill, American musician, songwriter, and producer
• 1956  - Mark Evans, Australian rock bass player
• 1957  - Mark Dean, American inventor and computer engineer
• 1957  - Hossein Dehghan, Iranian general and politician, Iranian Minister of Defense
• 1957  - Dito Tsintsadze, Georgian film director and screenwriter
• 1958  - Kevin Curren, South African-American tennis player
• 1958  - Ian Woosnam, English-Welsh golfer
• 1959  - Larry Stewart, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1961  - Simone Young, Australian conductor, director, and composer
• 1962  - Jon Bon Jovi, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor^[45]
• 1962  - Paul Farrelly, English journalist and politician
• 1962  - Tom Nordlie, Norwegian footballer and coach
• 1962  - Brendan O'Connor, Australian politician, Australian Minister for Employment
• 1962  - Raimo Summanen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach
• 1962  - Gabriele Tarquini, Italian race car driver
• 1963  - Anthony Albanese, Australian politician, 31st Prime Minister of Australia^[38]
• 1963  - Alvin Youngblood Hart, American singer and guitarist^[45]
• 1964  - Laird Hamilton, American surfer and actor
• 1964  - Mike Von Erich, American wrestler (d. 1987)
• 1965  - Ron Gant, American baseball player and journalist
• 1965  - Lembit Öpik, Northern Irish politician
• 1966  - Ann Leckie, American author
• 1966  - Simon Reevell, English lawyer and politician
• 1968  - Daniel Craig, English actor and producer^[45]
• 1970  - James Purnell, English politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
• 1970  - Ciriaco Sforza, Swiss footballer and manager
• 1970  - Wibi Soerjadi, Dutch pianist and composer
• 1971  - Roman Čechmánek, Czech ice hockey player (d. 2023)^[46]
• 1971  - Dave Gorman, English comedian, author and television presenter
• 1971  - Method Man, American rapper, record producer and actor^[38]
• 1972  - Mauricio Pochettino, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1973  - Dejan Bodiroga, Serbian basketball player
• 1973  - Trevor Sinclair, English footballer and manager
• 1974  - Hayley Lewis, Australian swimmer and television host
• 1975  - Daryl Gibson, New Zealand rugby player
• 1977  - Dominique Canty, American basketball player and coach
• 1977  - Chris Martin, English singer-songwriter (Coldplay)^[47]
• 1977  - Heather McComb, American actress^[45]
• 1977  - Stephen Parry, English swimmer and sportscaster
• 1977  - Andrew Strauss, South African-English cricketer
• 1978  - Jim Chalmers, Australian politician^[48]
• 1978  - Gabby Eigenmann, Filipino actor and singer
• 1978  - Lee Hodges, English footballer and manager
• 1978  - Sebastian Janikowski, Polish gridiron football player^[49]
• 1978  - Tomáš Kaberle, Czech ice hockey player
• 1979  - Damien Duff, Irish footballer^[50]
• 1979  - Jim Troughton, English cricketer
• 1979  - Nicky Weaver, English footballer
• 1980  - Chris Barker, English footballer and manager (d. 2020)
• 1980  - Rebel Wilson, Australian actress and screenwriter^[45]
• 1981  - Lance Cade, American wrestler (d. 2010)
• 1981  - Bryce Dallas Howard, American actress^[45]
• 1982  - Kevin Kurányi, German footballer
• 1982  - Henrik Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1982  - Joel Lundqvist, Swedish ice hockey player^[51]
• 1982  - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player^[38]
• 1982  - Corey Webster, American football player
• 1983  - Deuce, American singer-songwriter and producer
• 1983  - Lisandro López, Argentine footballer
• 1983  - Jay McClement, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1983  - Glen Perkins, American baseball player
• 1983  - Ryan Shannon, American ice hockey player
• 1984  - Jonathan Ericsson, Swedish ice hockey player^[52]
• 1985  - Reggie Bush, American football player
• 1985  - Robert Iler, American actor^[45]
• 1985  - Suso Santana, Spanish footballer
• 1986  - Jonathan D'Aversa, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1986  - Jason Smith, American basketball player^[53]
• 1987  - Jonas Jerebko, Swedish basketball player
• 1988  - Édgar Andrade, Mexican footballer
• 1988  - James Arthur, English singer-songwriter
• 1988  - Laura Kaeppeler, American beauty queen, Miss America 2012
• 1988  - Matthew Mitcham, Australian diver
• 1988  - Dexter Pittman, American basketball player^[54]
• 1988  - Geert Arend Roorda, Dutch footballer
• 1989  - Toby Alderweireld, Belgian footballer^[55]
• 1989  - Alemão, Brazilian footballer
• 1989  - Nathalie Emmanuel, English actress^[56]
• 1989  - Marcel Hirscher, Austrian skier
• 1989  - André Bernardes Santos, Portuguese footballer
• 1989  - Shane Vereen, American football player
• 1989  - Chris Woakes, English cricketer
• 1990  - Rauno Alliku, Estonian footballer
• 1990  - Malcolm Butler, American football player
• 1990  - Luke Combs, American singer-songwriter^[57]
• 1990  - Tiger Shroff, Indian actor
• 1991  - Nick Franklin, American baseball player
• 1992  - Charlie Coyle, American ice hockey player^[58]
• 1993  - Nicolás Brussino, Argentine-Italian basketball player^[59]
• 1993  - Adolis García, Cuban baseball player^[60]
• 1995  - Miguel Andújar, Dominican baseball player^[61]
• 1995  - Max Domi, Canadian ice hockey player^[62]
• 1995  - Ange-Freddy Plumain, French footballer
• 1997  - Becky G, American singer and actress^[45]
• 1997  - Arike Ogunbowale, American basketball player^[63]
• 1998  - Tua Tagovailoa, American football player^[64]
• 1999  - Isiah Pacheco, American football player^[65]
• 2006  - Windy Zhan, Hong Kong singer and actress^[66]
• 2016  - Prince Oscar, Duke of Skåne

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 274  - Mani, Persian prophet and founder of Manichaeism (b. 216)
• 672  - Chad of Mercia, English bishop and saint (b. 634)
• 968  - William, archbishop of Mainz (b. 929)
• 986  - Lothair, king of West Francia (b. 941)
• 1009  - Mokjong, king of Goryeo (b. 980)
• 1127  - Charles the Good, Count of Flanders (b. 1084)^[67]
• 1316  - Marjorie Bruce, Scottish daughter of Robert the Bruce (b. 1296)
• 1333  - Wladyslaw I, king of Poland (b. 1261)
• 1589  - Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal and diplomat (b. 1520)

1601–1900

• 1619  - Anne of Denmark, queen of Scotland (b. 1574)
• 1729  - Francesco Bianchini, Italian astronomer and philosopher (b. 1662)
• 1755  - Louis de Rouvroy, French duke and diplomat (b. 1675)
• 1791  - John Wesley, English cleric and theologian (b. 1703)
• 1793  - Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-Danish painter and academic (b. 1711)
• 1797  - Horace Walpole, English historian and politician (b. 1717)
• 1829  - Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Mexican revolutionary (b. ca. 1773)^[68]
• 1830  - Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, German physician, anatomist, and anthropologist (b. 1755)
• 1835  - Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1768)
• 1840  - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers, German physician and astronomer (b. 1758)
• 1855  - Nicholas I, Russian emperor (b. 1796)
• 1864  - Ulric Dahlgren, American colonel (b. 1842)
• 1865  - Carl Sylvius Völkner, German-New Zealand priest and missionary (b. 1819)
• 1880  - John Benjamin Macneill, Irish engineer (b. 1790)
• 1895  - Berthe Morisot, French painter (b. 1841)^[69]
• 1895  - Isma'il Pasha, Egyptian politician (b. 1830)
• 1896  - Jubal Early, American general (b. 1816)

1901–present

• 1921  - Champ Clark, American lawyer and politician, 41st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1850)
• 1930  - D. H. Lawrence, English novelist, poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1885)
• 1938  - Ben Harney, American pianist and composer (b. 1871)
• 1939  - Howard Carter, English archaeologist and historian (b. 1874)
• 1943  - Gisela Januszewska, Austrian physician (b.1867)^[70]
• 1944  - Ida Maclean, British biochemist, the first woman admitted to the London Chemical Society (b. 1877)^[71]
• 1945  - Emily Carr, Canadian painter and author (b. 1871)
• 1946  - Fidél Pálffy, Hungarian politician, Hungarian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1895)
• 1946  - George E. Stewart, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1872)
• 1947  - Frans Johan Louwrens Ghijsels, Dutch architect and urban planner (b. 1882)
• 1949  - Sarojini Naidu, Indian poet and activist (b. 1879)
• 1953  - James Lightbody, American runner (b. 1882)
• 1957  - Selim Sırrı Tarcan, Turkish educator and politician (b. 1874)
• 1958  - Fred Merkle, American baseball player and manager (b. 1888)
• 1962  - Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician and academic (b. 1866)
• 1967  - José Martínez Ruiz, Spanish author and critic (b. 1873)
• 1972  - Léo-Ernest Ouimet, Canadian director and producer (b. 1877)^[72]
• 1977  - Eugénie Brazier, French chef (b. 1895)^[73]
• 1979  - Christy Ring, Irish hurler (b. 1920)
• 1982  - Philip K. Dick, American philosopher and author (b. 1928)
• 1987  - Randolph Scott, American actor and director (b. 1898)
• 1987  - Lolo Soetoro, Indonesian geographer and academic (b. 1935)
• 1991  - Serge Gainsbourg, French singer-songwriter, actor, and director (b. 1928)
• 1992  - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1937)
• 1994  - Anita Morris, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1943)
• 1999  - Dusty Springfield, English singer (b. 1939)
• 2000  - Sandra Schmirler, Canadian curler (b. 1963)
• 2003  - Hank Ballard, American singer-songwriter (b. 1927)
• 2003  - Malcolm Williamson, Australian pianist and composer (b. 1931)
• 2004  - Cormac McAnallen, Irish footballer (b. 1980)
• 2004  - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (b. 1916)^[74]
• 2004  - Marge Schott, American businesswoman (b. 1928)
• 2005  - Martin Denny, American pianist and composer (b. 1911)
• 2007  - Thomas S. Kleppe, American soldier and politician, 41st United States Secretary of the Interior (b. 1919)
• 2007  - Clem Labine, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 2007  - Ivan Safronov, Russian colonel and journalist (b. 1956)
• 2007  - Henri Troyat, Russian-French historian and author (b. 1911)
• 2008  - Jeff Healey, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1966)
• 2009  - João Bernardo Vieira, Bissau-Guinean politician, President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1939)
• 2010  - Winston Churchill, English journalist and politician (b. 1940)
• 2012  - Lawrence Anthony, South African environmentalist, explorer, and author (b. 1950)
• 2012  - Van T. Barfoot, American colonel, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1919)
• 2012  - Norman St John-Stevas, English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (b. 1929)
• 2012  - James Q. Wilson, American political scientist and academic (b. 1931)
• 2013  - Peter Harvey, Australian journalist (b. 1944)
• 2013  - Giorgos Kolokithas, Greek basketball player (b. 1945)
• 2013  - Shabnam Shakeel, Pakistani poet and author (b. 1942)
• 2014  - Ryhor Baradulin, Belarusian poet and translator (b. 1935)
• 2015  - Dean Hess, American minister and colonel (b. 1917)
• 2015  - Dave Mackay, Scottish-English footballer and manager (b. 1934)
• 2015  - Mal Peet, English author and illustrator (b. 1947)
• 2016  - Benoît Lacroix, Canadian priest, historian, and philosopher (b. 1915)
• 2016  - Aubrey McClendon, American businessman (b. 1959)
• 2018  - Billy Herrington, American actor (b. 1969)
• 2018  - Lin Hu, Chinese lieutenant general (b. 1927)
• 2019  - Mike Oliver, British sociologist, disability rights activist (b. 1945) ^[75]
• 2024  - Jaclyn Jose, Filipino actress (b. 1963)^[76]

Holidays and observances

• Air Force Day (Sri Lanka)
• Baloch Culture Day (Balochistan)
• Christian feast day:
  • Agnes of Bohemia
  • Angela of the Cross
  • Blessed Charles the Good, Count of Flanders
  • Chad of Mercia (Catholic Church, Anglican Communion, Eastern Orthodox Church)
    • • John Maron March 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Feast of 'Alá (Loftiness), First day of the 19th month of the Baháʼí calendar (Baháʼí Faith) and first day of the Baháʼí Nineteen Day Fast
• Jamahiriya Day (Libya)
• National Read Across America Day (United States)^{[77] [78]}
• Peasants' Day (Myanmar)
• Texas Independence Day
• Adwa Victory Day (Ethiopia)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on March 2

Notes and References

1. Book: Petersen, Leif Inge Ree. Siege Warfare and Military Organization in the Successor States, 400-800 AD: Byzantium, the West and Islam. Leiden. Brill. 2013. 9789004251991. 503–505. 2021-03-02. 2021-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20210103130442/https://books.google.com/books?id=BRGaAAAAQBAJ. live.
2. Book: Riché, Pierre. The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe. Allen. Michael Idomir. Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania Press. 1993. 9780812230628. 278. 2021-03-02. 2021-04-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210421001031/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C. live.
3. Book: Norwich, J.J.. John Julius Norwich. Byzantium: The Decline and Fall. Viking. London. 1995. 286. 978-0-670-82377-2.
4. Book: Frasheri, Kristo. The History of Albania: A Brief Survey. New York. Tirana. 1964. 1097794196. 70.
5. Book: Bretholz, Berthold. Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia Previous to Their Union with Austria in the Year 1562. The World's History: A Survey of Man's Record. Volume 5: South-Eastern and Eastern Europe. Helmolt. Hans F.. London. William Heinemann. 1907. 263.
6. Book: Vaughan, Richard. Charles the Bold: The Last Valois Duke of Burgundy. Woodbridge, Suffolk, U.K.. The Boydell Press. 2004. 9780851159188. 365–378.
7. Book: Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles. The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopedia of Armory. London. T.C. & E.C. Jack. 1904. 22.
8. Book: Martin, Frederick. The Statesman's Year-Book: Historical Companion. Paxton. John. New York. St. Martin's Press. 1988. 9780312000479. 182. 2021-03-03. 2022-02-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220203234157/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tu-uCwAAQBAJ. live.
9. Book: Cashin, Edward J.. William Bartram and the American Revolution on the Southern Frontier. Columbia, S.C.. University of South Carolina Press. 2006. 9781570036859. 218–223.
10. White . James D. . 1994-01-01 . National communism and world revolution: The political consequences of German military withdrawal from the Baltic area in 1918–19 . Europe-Asia Studies . 46 . 8 . 1349–1369 . 10.1080/09668139408412233 . 0966-8136.
11. Web site: Mäntsälän kapina kukistettiin radion avulla. Elävä Arkisto. 15 March 2010 . YLE. May 24, 2021. fi. January 13, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150113103057/http://yle.fi/elavaarkisto/artikkelit/mantsalan_kapina_kukistettiin_radion_avulla_7041.html#media=7046. live.
12. http://www.vapaussota.fi/svinhufvud/puhe3.html P. E. Svinhufvud – Tasavallan presidentin julistus
13. News: 1939-03-03 . STRIKE IS AVERTED; Company Grants Same Benefits to Employe Representatives . en . The New York Times . 2023-03-01.
14. News: Cianfarra . Camille M. . 1939-03-03 . HAILED BY THRONGS; SCENES IN VATICAN CITY YESTERDAY AS EUGENIO CARDINAL PACELLI WAS ELECTED 262D POPE . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
15. News: Waggoner . Walter H. . 1949-03-03 . FIRST IN HISTORY; High Officials Greet the Plane as It Ends Hop at Fort Worth . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
16. News: 1955-03-03 . Cambodian King Abdicates Throne in Favor of Father; King of Cambodia Quits Throne; Turns Rule Over to His Father . en-US . The New York Times . Reuters . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
17. News: 1962-03-03 . Junta of 17 Is Governing Burma; Gen. Ne Win Defends Army Coup; Junta of 17 rules Burma after coup . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
18. News: Berkow . Ira . 2002-07-02 . PRO BASKETBALL; A Footnote To History After 40 Years . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
19. News: Sheehan . Neil . 1971-06-15 . Vietnam Archive: Study Tells How Johnson Secretly Opened Way to Ground Combat . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
20. Web site: Closing of Baggeridge . 2017-11-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110719020401/http://www.blackcountrysociety.co.uk/articles/baggeridge2.htm . 2011-07-19 . dead .
21. News: Witkin . Richard . 1969-03-03 . Supersonic Concorde Airliner Successful in 28-Minute Maiden Flight; Concorde Makes a Successful 28-Minute Flight . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
22. News: 1970-03-03 . Rhodesia's First Day As a Republic Passes Quietly . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
23. News: 1972-03-03 . Pioneer 10 begins flight to Jupiter . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
24. News: 1977-03-04 . Libya Reorganizes Government, Alters Its Title to 'Public' . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
25. News: Whitney . Craig R. . 1978-03-03 . Czech Is Orbited With Russian for Salyut Rendezvous . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
26. Web site: The time Charlie Chaplin's corpse went missing . 2022-03-02 . Little White Lies . en . 2021-03-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210305070418/https://lwlies.com/articles/charlie-chaplin-body-stolen-1978/ . live .
27. Book: Troy . Gil . Living in the Eighties . Cannato . Vincent J. . 2009-10-22 . Oxford University Press . 978-0-19-029323-9 . en.
28. Web site: Nyce . Caroline Mimbs . 2016-03-02 . When CDs Launched in America . 2023-03-01 . The Atlantic . en.
29. News: Whitney . Craig R. . 1989-03-03 . 12. Europe nations to ban chemicals that harm Ozone . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-03-01 . 0362-4331.
30. Web site: 3 March 1990 . Mandela elected ANC deputy president . 2023-03-01 . Tampa Bay Times . en.
31. Web site: taleea . 2016-03-08 . 25 عاما على تأسيس المنبر الديمقراطي.. الأمين العام بندر الخيران: فكرة "المنبر" جاءت في ظروف سياسية صعبة وغياب سيادة الدولة . 2022-05-15 . جريدة الطليعة . ar.
32. News: Schwirtz . Michael . Pérez-Peña . Richard . 2022-03-02 . First Ukraine City Falls as Russia Strikes More Civilian Targets . en-US . . 2022-03-03 . 0362-4331 . 3 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220303000108/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/world/europe/kherson-ukraine-russia.html . live .
33. Book: Trimble . Virginia . Williams . Thomas R. . Bracher . Katherine . Jarrell . Richard . Marché . Jordan D. . Ragep . F. Jamil . Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers . 18 September 2007 . Springer Science & Business Media . 978-0-387-30400-7 . 339 . en.
34. Web site: Adrian VI pope . Encyclopedia Britannica . 20 March 2021 . en . 16 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210416164132/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adrian-VI . live .
35. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6554320t/f16.image.r=F%C3%A9lix.langFR "La Mort Du Commandant Félix"
36. Web site: James Gilmore – Society for American Baseball Research. 2021-06-18. 2021-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195454/https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/james-gilmore/. live.
37. Book: Dépagniat , Roger . Les Martyrs de l'Aviation . French . The Martyrs of Aviation . E. Basset and Co. . Paris . 1912.
38. Web site: Famous birthdays for March 2: Nathalie Emmanuel, Luke Combs . . 1 March 2024 . 2 March 2023.
39. Web site: Roger Thomas Walkowiak. 2021-03-03. 2021-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20210325232926/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=7231. live.
40. News: Fox. Margalit. Leo Dillon, Celebrated Illustrator of Children's Books, Is Dead at 79. The New York Times. May 30, 2012. February 1, 2024.
41. Web site: Howard Cassady . . 1 March 2024.
42. News: Nossiter . Adam . October 16, 2024 . Leif Segerstam, Who Wrote 371 Symphonies, Is Dead at 80 . November 5, 2024 . The New York Times.
43. Web site: Biography for Dawkins, the Hon. John Sydney. Parliament of Australia. 23 January 2010.
44. Web site: Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport . . 3 February 2024 . 20 February 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130220115405/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/koizumidaijin/040927/10kitagawa_e.html . dead .
45. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for March 2, 2023 includes celebrities Daniel Craig, Bryce Dallas Howard . . . 1 March 2024 . 2 March 2023.
46. Web site: Roman Cechmanek . . 1 March 2024.
47. Web site: 2023 . Latest Coldplay News . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022423/https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ . 27 February 2023 . 27 February 2023 . Capital FM . Press the "View More" button on the "Facts" column.
48. Dr Jim Chalmers MP . 37998 . 12 November 2021.
49. Web site: Sebastian Janikowski . . 17 February 2023.
50. Web site: Damien Duff. soccerbase.com. 25 February 2020. 10 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190910162451/https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=10515. live.
51. Web site: Joel Lundqvist . . 1 March 2024.
52. Web site: Jonathan Ericsson . . 1 March 2024.
53. Web site: Jason Smith . . 1 March 2024.
54. Web site: Dexter Pittman . . 1 March 2024.
55. Web site: Toby Alderweireld. soccerbase.com. 25 February 2020. 7 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183032/http://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=55787. live.
56. Web site: Tonks . Andrea . Nathalie Emmanuel: Game Of Thrones star celebrates her 30th birthday with Vin Diesel . . 17 February 2023 . 4 March 2019.
57. Web site: Beautiful crazy birthday for Luke Combs . . 17 February 2023 . 3 March 2019.
58. Web site: Charlie Coyle Stats And News . 2023-09-22 . www.nhl.com . en.
59. Web site: Nicolas Brussino . . 1 March 2024.
60. Web site: Adolis García #53 - Texas Rangers . mlb.com . March 1, 2024.
61. Web site: Miguel Andujar . . 1 March 2024.
62. Web site: Max Domi . . 1 March 2024.
63. Web site: Arike Ogunbowale . . 1 March 2024.
64. Web site: Tua Tagovailoa . . 17 February 2023.
65. Web site: Isiah Pacheco . . 1 March 2024.
66. Web site: 2022-02-12. 獨家丨詹天文讚張馳豪演大哥無違和感 兄妹病牀前訴衷情勁考演技. 14 May 2023. Headline Daily. zh-HK. 14 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230514081001/https://www.stheadline.com/entertainment-live/3036010/%E7%8D%A8%E5%AE%B6%E4%B8%A8%E8%A9%B9%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E8%AE%9A%E5%BC%B5%E9%A6%B3%E8%B1%AA%E6%BC%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%84%A1%E9%81%95%E5%92%8C%E6%84%9F-%E5%85%84%E5%A6%B9%E7%97%85%E7%89%80%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%B4%E8%A1%B7%E6%83%85%E5%8B%81%E8%80%83%E6%BC%94%E6%8A%80 .
67. Book: Davies, Ralph Henry Carless . King Stephen . Routledge . 1997 . 10.
68. Web site: Doña Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez . encyclopedia.com . 2018-09-24 . 2018-09-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180924105819/https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ortiz-de-dominguez-josefa-c-1768-1829 . live .
69. Encyclopedia: Commire, Anne. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. 11. 2001. Yorkin Publications, Gale Group. Waterford. 978-0-78764-070-5. 448.
70. Book: Arias, Ingrid. Im Dienste der Volksgesundheit: Frauen - Gesundheitswesen - Nationalsozialismus. In the Service of Public Health: Women, Healthcare, Nazism. Vienna. Verlagshaus der Ärzte. 2006. 87. 978-3-90148-886-3. DE.
71. Book: International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Haines. Catharine M. C.. Stevens. Helen M.. 2001. ABC-CLIO. 9781576070901. 189–190. en.
72. Web site: Léo-Ernest Ouimet (1877-1972) . . 17 October 2021 . 23 July 2020 . 17 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211117141334/https://www.pc.gc.ca/en/culture/clmhc-hsmbc/res/information-backgrounder/LeoErnestOuimet . live .
73. Book: Gutton, Jean Pierre. Les Lyonnais dans l'Histoire. Toulouse. Privat. 1985. FR. 196. 978-2-70899-402-7.
74. News: . Mercedes McCambridge, 87, Actress Known for Strong Roles . 24 October 2021 . The New York Times . 18 March 2004 . subscription . 7 January 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200107150223/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/18/arts/mercedes-mccambridge-87-actress-known-for-strong-roles.html . live .
75. News: Mike Oliver obituary-Academic and disability rights campaigner. The Guardian. 2019-03-19. 2019-03-25. 2019-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20190325102124/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/mar/19/mike-oliver-obituary. live.
76. Web site: Villeza. Mark Ernest. Jaclyn Jose dies of heart attack. The Philippine Star. March 5, 2024. June 4, 2024.
77. Biden, Joseph. "A Proclamation on Read Across America Day, 2021", The White House, March 2, 2021.
78. Web site: Aspegren . Elinor . 'Read Across America Day,' once synonymous with Dr. Seuss, is diversifying. Here's why things have changed. . USA TODAY . March 2, 2021 . March 2, 2021 . March 2, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210302033542/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2021/03/01/read-across-america-day-dr-seuss-diversity-racism/6878454002/ . live .