April 29 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 801  - An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura.^[1]
• 1091  - Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
• 1429  - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orléans.^[2]
• 1483  - Gran Canaria, the main island of the Canary Islands, is conquered by the Kingdom of Castile.^[3]
• 1521  - Swedish War of Liberation: Swedish troops defeat a Danish force in the Battle of Västerås.^[4]

1601–1900

• 1760  - French forces commence the siege of Quebec which is held by the British.^[5]
• 1770  - James Cook arrives in Australia at Botany Bay, which he names.^[6]
• 1781  - American Revolutionary War: British and French ships clash in the Battle of Fort Royal off the coast of Martinique.^[7]
• 1826  - The galaxy Centaurus A or NGC 5128 is discovered by James Dunlop.^{[8] [9]}
• 1861  - Maryland in the American Civil War: Maryland's House of Delegates votes not to secede from the Union.^[10]
• 1862  - American Civil War: The Capture of New Orleans by Union forces under David Farragut.^[11]
• 1864  - Theta Xi fraternity is founded at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the only fraternity to be founded during the American Civil War.^[12]

1901–present

• 1903  - A landslide kills 70 people in Frank, in the District of Alberta, Canada.^[13]
• 1910  - The Parliament of the United Kingdom passes the People's Budget, the first budget in British history with the expressed intent of redistributing wealth among the British public.^[14]
• 1911  - Tsinghua University, one of mainland China's leading universities, is founded.^[15]
• 1916  - World War I: The UK's 6th Indian Division surrenders to Ottoman Forces at the Siege of Kut in one of the largest surrenders of British forces up to that point.^[16]
• 1916  - Easter Rising: After six days of fighting, Irish rebel leaders surrender to British forces in Dublin, bringing the Easter Rising to an end.^[17]
• 1945  - World War II: The Surrender of Caserta is signed by the commander of German forces in Italy.^[18]
• 1945  - World War II: Airdrops of food begin over German-occupied regions of the Netherlands.^[19]
• 1945  - World War II: Adolf Hitler marries his longtime partner Eva Braun in a Berlin bunker^[20] and designates Admiral Karl Dönitz as his successor.^[21]
• 1945  - Dachau concentration camp is liberated by United States troops.^[22]
• 1946  - The International Military Tribunal for the Far East convenes and indicts former Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tojo and 28 former Japanese leaders for war crimes.^[23]
• 1952  - Pan Am Flight 202 crashes into the Amazon basin near Carolina, Maranhão, Brazil, killing 50 people.^[24]
• 1953  - The first U.S. experimental 3D television broadcast shows an episode of Space Patrol on Los Angeles ABC affiliate KECA-TV.^[25]
• 1967  - After refusing induction into the United States Army the previous day, Muhammad Ali is stripped of his boxing title.^[26]
• 1970  - Vietnam War: United States and South Vietnamese forces invade Cambodia to hunt Viet Cong.^[27]
• 1974  - Watergate scandal: United States President Richard Nixon announces the release of edited transcripts of White House tape recordings relating to the scandal.^[28]
• 1975  - Vietnam War: Operation Frequent Wind: The U.S. begins to evacuate U.S. citizens from Saigon before an expected North Vietnamese takeover. U.S. involvement in the war comes to an end.^[29]
• 1975  - Vietnam War: The North Vietnamese army completes its capture of all parts of South Vietnam-held Trường Sa Islands.^[30]
• 1986  - A fire at the Central library of the Los Angeles Public Library damages or destroys 400,000 books and other items.^[31]
• 1986  - The United States Navy aircraft carrier becomes the first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier to transit the Suez Canal, navigating from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea to relieve the .^[32]
• 1991  - A cyclone strikes the Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh with winds of around 155mph, killing at least 138,000 people and leaving as many as ten million homeless.^[33]
• 1991  - The 7.0 Racha earthquake affects Georgia with a maximum MSK intensity of IX (Destructive), killing 270 people.^[34]
• 1992  - Riots in Los Angeles begin, following the acquittal of police officers charged with excessive force in the beating of Rodney King. Over the next three days 63 people are killed and hundreds of buildings are destroyed.^[35]
• 1997  - The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993 enters into force, outlawing the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons by its signatories.^[36]
• 2004  - The final Oldsmobile is built in Lansing, Michigan, ending 107 years of vehicle production.^[37]
• 2011  - The Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.^[38]
• 2013  - A powerful explosion occurs in an office building in Prague, believed to have been caused by natural gas, and injures 43 people.^[39]
• 2013  - National Airlines Flight 102, a Boeing 747-400 freighter aircraft, crashes during takeoff from Bagram Airfield in Parwan Province, Afghanistan, killing all seven people on board.^[40]
• 2015  - A baseball game between the Baltimore Orioles and the Chicago White Sox sets the all-time low attendance mark for Major League Baseball. Zero fans were in attendance for the game, as the stadium was officially closed to the public due to the 2015 Baltimore protests.^[41]

Births

Pre-1600

• 1469  - William II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1509)^[42]
• 1587  - Sophie of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1635)^[43]

1601–1900

• 1636  - Esaias Reusner, German lute player and composer (d. 1679)^[44]
• 1665  - James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, Irish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d. 1745)^[45]
• 1667  - John Arbuthnot, Scottish-English physician and polymath (d. 1735)^[46]
• 1727  - Jean-Georges Noverre, French actor and dancer (d. 1810)^[47]
• 1745  - Oliver Ellsworth, American lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1807)^[48]
• 1758  - Georg Carl von Döbeln, Swedish general (d. 1820)^[49]
• 1762  - Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, French general and politician, French Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 1833)^[50]
• 1780  - Charles Nodier, French librarian and author (d. 1844)^[51]
• 1783  - David Cox, English landscape painter (d. 1859)^[52]
• 1784  - Samuel Turell Armstrong, American publisher and politician, 14th Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1850)^[53]
• 1810  - Thomas Adolphus Trollope, English journalist and author (d. 1892)^[54]
• 1818  - Alexander II of Russia (d. 1881)^[55]
• 1837  - Georges Ernest Boulanger, French general and politician, French Minister of War (d. 1891)^[56]
• 1842  - Carl Millöcker, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1899)^[57]
• 1847  - Joachim Andersen, Danish flautist, composer and conductor (d. 1907)^[58]
• 1848  - Raja Ravi Varma, Indian painter and academic (d. 1906)^[59]
• 1854  - Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist and engineer (d. 1912)^[60]
• 1863  - Constantine P. Cavafy, Egyptian-Greek journalist and poet (d. 1933)^[61]
• 1863  - William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and politician, founded the Hearst Corporation (d. 1951)^[62]
• 1863  - Maria Teresia Ledóchowska, Austrian nun and missionary (d. 1922)^[63]
• 1872  - Harry Payne Whitney, American businessman and lawyer (d. 1930)^[64]
• 1872  - Forest Ray Moulton, American astronomer and academic (d. 1952)^[65]
• 1875  - Rafael Sabatini, Italian-English novelist and short story writer (d. 1950)^[66]
• 1879  - Thomas Beecham, English conductor (d. 1961)^[67]
• 1880  - Adolf Chybiński, Polish historian, musicologist and academic (d. 1952)^[68]
• 1882  - Auguste Herbin, French painter (d. 1960)^[69]
• 1882  - Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman, Dutch printer, typographer, and Nazi resister (d. 1945)^[70]
• 1885  - Egon Erwin Kisch, Czech journalist and author (d. 1948)^[71]
• 1887  - Robert Cushman Murphy, American ornithologist (d. 1973)^[72]
• 1888  - Michael Heidelberger, American immunologist (d. 1991)^[73]
• 1891  - Edward Wilfred Taylor, British businessman (d. 1980)^[74]
• 1893  - Harold Urey, American chemist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)^[75]
• 1894  - Marietta Blau, Austrian physicist and academic (d. 1970)^[76]
• 1895  - Vladimir Propp, Russian scholar and critic (d. 1970)^[77]
• 1895  - Malcolm Sargent, English organist, composer and conductor (d. 1967)^[78]
• 1898  - E. J. Bowen, British physical chemist (d. 1980)^[79]
• 1899  - Duke Ellington, American pianist, composer and bandleader (d. 1974)^[80]
• 1899  - Mary Petty, American illustrator (d. 1976)^[81]
• 1900  - Amelia Best, Australian politician (d. 1979)^[82]

1901–present

• 1901  - Hirohito, Japanese emperor (d. 1989)^[83]
• 1907  - Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (d. 1997)^[84]
• 1908  - Jack Williamson, American author and academic (d. 2006)^[85]
• 1909  - Tom Ewell, American actor (d. 1994)^[86]
• 1912  - Richard Carlson, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1977)^[87]
• 1915  - Henry H. Barschall, German-American physicist and academic (d. 1997)^[88]
• 1917  - Maya Deren, Ukrainian-American director, poet, and photographer (d. 1961)^[89]
• 1917  - Celeste Holm, American actress and singer (d. 2012)^[90]
• 1918  - George Allen, American football player and coach (d. 1990)^[91]
• 1919  - Gérard Oury, French actor, director and screenwriter (d. 2006)^[92]
• 1920  - Edward Blishen, English author and radio host (d. 1996)^[93]
• 1920  - Harold Shapero, American composer (d. 2013)^[94]
• 1922  - Parren Mitchell, American politician (d. 2007)
• 1922  - Toots Thielemans, Belgian guitarist and harmonica player (d. 2016)^[95]
• 1923  - Irvin Kershner, American actor, director and producer (d. 2010)^[96]
• 1924  - Zizi Jeanmaire, French ballerina and actress (d. 2020)^[97]
• 1925  - John Compton, Saint Lucian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (d. 2007)^[98]
• 1925  - Iwao Takamoto, American animator, director, and producer (d. 2007)^[99]
• 1926  - Elmer Kelton, American journalist and author (d. 2009)^[100]
• 1927  - Dorothy Manley, English sprinter (d. 2021)^[101]
• 1927  - Bill Slater, English footballer (d. 2018)^[102]
• 1928  - Carl Gardner, American singer (d. 2011)^[103]
• 1928  - Heinz Wolff, German-English physiologist, engineer, and academic (d. 2017)^[104]
• 1929  - Walter Kempowski, German author and academic (d. 2007)^[105]
• 1929  - Peter Sculthorpe, Australian composer and conductor (d. 2014)^[106]
• 1929  - April Stevens, American singer (d. 2023)^[107]
• 1929  - Maurice Strong, Canadian businessman and diplomat (d. 2015)^[108]
• 1929  - Jeremy Thorpe, English lawyer and politician (d. 2014)^[109]
• 1930  - Jean Rochefort, French actor and director (d. 2017)^[110]
• 1931  - Frank Auerbach, British-German painter^[111]
• 1931  - Lonnie Donegan, Scottish-English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)^[112]
• 1931  - Chris Pearson, Canadian politician, 1st Premier of Yukon (d. 2014)^[113]
• 1932  - David Tindle, English painter and educator^[114]
• 1932  - Dmitry Zaikin, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut instructor (d. 2013)^[115]
• 1933  - Ed Charles, American baseball player and coach (d. 2018)^[116]
• 1933  - Rod McKuen, American singer-songwriter and poet (d. 2015)^[117]
• 1933  - Willie Nelson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor^[118]
• 1934  - Luis Aparicio, Venezuelan-American baseball player^[119]
• 1934  - Pedro Pires, Cape Verdean politician, 3rd President of Cape Verde^[120]
• 1935  - Otis Rush, American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2018)^[121]
• 1936  - Zubin Mehta, Indian conductor^[122]
• 1936  - Adolfo Nicolás, Spanish priest, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (d. 2020)^[123]
• 1936  - Alejandra Pizarnik, Argentine poet (d. 1972)^[124]
• 1936  - Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, English banker and philanthropist (d. 2024)^[125]
• 1937  - Jill Paton Walsh, English author (d. 2020)^[126]
• 1938  - Steven Bach, American writer, businessman and educator (d. 2009)^[127]
• 1938  - Bernie Madoff, American businessman, financier and convicted felon (d. 2021)^[128]
• 1939  - Klaus Rinke, German contemporary artist^[129]
• 1940  - George Adams, American musician (d. 1992)^[130]
• 1940  - Peter Diamond, American economist^[131]
• 1941  - Hanne Darboven, German painter (d. 2009)^[132]
• 1942  - Dick Chrysler, American politician
• 1942  - Rennie Fritchie, Baroness Fritchie, English civil servant and academic^[133]
• 1943  - Duane Allen, American country singer^[134]
• 1943  - Brenda Dean, Baroness Dean of Thornton-le-Fylde, English union leader and politician (d. 2018)^[135]
• 1943  - Ruth Deech, Baroness Deech, English lawyer and academic^[136]
• 1944  - Francis Lee, English footballer and businessman (d. 2023)^[137]
• 1945  - Hugh Hopper, English bass guitarist (d. 2009)^[138]
• 1945  - Catherine Lara, French singer-songwriter and violinist^[139]
• 1945  - Tammi Terrell, American soul singer-songwriter (d. 1970)^[140]
• 1946  - Rodney Frelinghuysen, American politician and lobbyist
• 1947  - Tommy James, American singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer^[141]
• 1947  - Johnny Miller, American golfer and sportscaster^[142]
• 1947  - Jim Ryun, American runner and politician
• 1948  - Edith Brown Clement, American judge^[143]
• 1950  - Paul Holmes, New Zealand journalist (d. 2013)^[144]
• 1950  - Phillip Noyce, Australian director and producer^[145]
• 1950  - Debbie Stabenow, American social worker and politician
• 1951  - Dale Earnhardt, American race car driver (d. 2001)^[146]
• 1951  - Jon Stanhope, Australian politician^[147]
• 1952  - Geraldine Doogue, Australian journalist and television host^[148]
• 1952  - Nora Dunn, American actress and comedian^[149]
• 1952  - Bob McClure, American baseball player and coach^[150]
• 1952  - Dave Valentin, American flautist (d. 2017)^[151]
• 1953  - Bill Drummond, British musician
• 1954  - Mo Brooks, American attorney and politician
• 1954  - Jerry Seinfeld, American comedian, actor and producer^[152]
• 1955  - Leslie Jordan, American actor, comedian, writer and singer (d. 2022)^[153]
• 1955  - Kate Mulgrew, American actress^[154]
• 1957  - Daniel Day-Lewis, British actor^[155]
• 1957  - Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa, Samoan politician, 7th Prime Minister of Samoa^[156]
• 1957  - Joseph Morelle, American politician
• 1958  - Kevin Moore, English footballer (d. 2013)^[157]
• 1958  - Michelle Pfeiffer, American actress^[158]
• 1958  - Eve Plumb, American actress^[159]
• 1960  - Robert J. Sawyer, Canadian author and academic^[160]
• 1962  - Polly Samson, English novelist, lyricist and journalist^[161]
• 1963  - Mike Babcock, Canadian ice hockey player and coach^[162]
• 1964  - Federico Castelluccio, Italian-American actor, director, producer and screenwriter^[163]
• 1965  - Michel Bussi, French geographer, author, and academic^[164]
• 1965  - Amy Krouse Rosenthal, American author (d. 2017)^[165]
• 1966  - Christian Tetzlaff, German violinist^[166]
• 1968  - Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, Croatian politician and diplomat, 4th President of Croatia^[167]
• 1969  - Paul Adelstein, American actor and writer^[168]
• 1970  - Andre Agassi, American tennis player^[169]
• 1970  - Uma Thurman, American actress^[170]
• 1975  - Garrison Starr, American singer-songwriter and producer^[171]
• 1975  - April Telek, Canadian actress^[172]
• 1976  - Micol Ostow, American author, editor and educator^[173]
• 1976  - God Shammgod, American basketball player and coach^[174]
• 1977  - Zuzana Hejdová, Czech tennis player^{[175] [176]}
• 1977  - Claus Jensen, Danish international footballer and manager^[177]
• 1977  - David Sullivan, American film and television actor^[178]
• 1978  - Bob Bryan, American tennis player^[179]
• 1978  - Mike Bryan, American tennis player
• 1978  - Javier Colon, American singer-songwriter and musician^[180]
• 1978  - Tyler Labine, Canadian actor and comedian^[181]
• 1979  - Lee Dong-gook, South Korean footballer
• 1979  - Jo O'Meara, English pop singer^[182]
• 1980  - Mathieu Biron, Canadian ice hockey player^[183]
• 1980  - Bre Blair, Canadian actress^[184]
• 1981  - George McCartney, Northern Irish footballer^[185]
• 1983  - Megan Boone, American actress^[186]
• 1983  - Jay Cutler, American football player^[187]
• 1983  - Sam Jones III, American actor^[188]
• 1984  - Kirby Cote, Canadian swimmer^[189]
• 1984  - Lina Krasnoroutskaya, Russian tennis player^[190]
• 1986  - Byun Yo-han, South Korean actor^[191]
• 1986  - Lee Chae-young, South Korean actress^[192]
• 1987  - Rob Atkinson, English footballer^[193]
• 1987  - Sara Errani, Italian tennis player^[194]
• 1987  - Andre Russell, Jamaican cricketer^[195]
• 1988  - Alfred Hui, Hong Kong singer^[196]
• 1988  - Taoufik Makhloufi, Algerian athlete^[197]
• 1988  - Jonathan Toews, Canadian ice hockey player^[198]
• 1988  - Younha, South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer^[199]
• 1989  - Candace Owens, American political commentator and activist^[200]
• 1990  - James Faulkner, Australian cricketer^[201]
• 1990  - Chris Johnson, American basketball player^[202]
• 1991  - Adam Smith, English footballer^[203]
• 1991  - Jung Hye-sung, South Korean actress^[204]
• 1991  - Misaki Doi, Japanese tennis player^[205]
• 1992  - Alina Rosenberg, German paralympic equestrian^[206]
• 1994  - Christina Shakovets, German tennis player^{[207] [208]}
• 1996  - Katherine Langford, Australian actress^[209]
• 1998  - Kimberly Birrell, Australian tennis player^[210]
• 1998  - Mallory Pugh, American soccer player^[211]
• 2002  - Sinja Kraus, Austrian tennis player^{[212] [213]}
• 2007  - Infanta Sofía of Spain, Spanish princess^[214]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 1109  - Hugh of Cluny, French abbot (b. 1024)^[215]
• 1380  - Catherine of Siena, Italian mystic, philosopher and saint (b. 1347)^[216]
• 1594  - Thomas Cooper, English bishop, lexicographer, and theologian (b. 1517)^[217]

1601–1900

• 1630  - Agrippa d'Aubigné, French soldier and poet (b. 1552)^[218]
• 1658  - John Cleveland, English poet and author (b. 1613)^[219]
• 1676  - Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (b. 1607)^[220]
• 1707  - George Farquhar, Irish-English actor and playwright (b. 1678)^[221]
• 1768  - Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (b. 1694)^[222]
• 1776  - Edward Wortley Montagu, English explorer and author (b. 1713)^[223]
• 1833  - William Babington, Anglo-Irish physician and mineralogist (b. 1756)^[224]
• 1848  - Chester Ashley, American politician (b. 1790)
• 1854  - Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey, English field marshal and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1768)^[225]

1901–present

• 1903  - Godfrey Carter, Australian businessman and politician, 39th Mayor of Melbourne (b. 1830)^[226]
• 1903  - Paul Du Chaillu, French-American anthropologist and zoologist (b. 1835)^[227]
• 1905  - Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban pianist and composer (b. 1847)^[228]
• 1916  - Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician and academic (b. 1850)^[229]
• 1917  - Florence Farr, British actress, composer and director (b. 1860)^[230]
• 1922  - Richard Croker, Irish American political boss (b. 1843)^[231]
• 1924  - Ernest Fox Nichols, American educator and physicist (b. 1869)^[232]
• 1925  - Ralph Delahaye Paine, American journalist and author (b. 1871)^[233]
• 1933  - Clay Stone Briggs, American politician (b. 1876)
• 1933  - Constantine P. Cavafy, Greek poet and journalist (b. 1863)^[234]
• 1935  - Leroy Carr, American singer, songwriter and pianist (b. 1905)^[235]
• 1937  - William Gillette, American actor and playwright (b. 1853)^[236]
• 1943  - Joseph Achron, Russian composer and violinist (b. 1886)^[237]
• 1943  - Ricardo Viñes, Spanish pianist (b. 1875)^[238]
• 1944  - Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (b. 1872)^[239]
• 1944  - Pyotr Stolyarsky, Soviet violinist (b. 1871)^[240]
• 1947  - Irving Fisher, American economist and statistician (b. 1867)^[241]
• 1951  - Ludwig Wittgenstein, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (b. 1889)^[242]
• 1956  - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (b. 1876)^[243]
• 1959  - Kenneth Anderson, English soldier and Governor of Gibraltar (b. 1891)^[244]
• 1966  - William Eccles, English physicist and engineer (b. 1875)^[245]
• 1966  - Paula Strasberg, American actress and acting coach (b. 1909)^[246]
• 1967  - J. B. Lenoir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1929)^[247]
• 1968  - Aasa Helgesen, Norwegian midwife (b. 1877)^[248]
• 1968  - Lin Zhao, Chinese dissident (b. 1932)^[249]
• 1978  - Theo Helfrich, German race car driver (b. 1913) ^[250]
• 1979  - Muhsin Ertuğrul, Turkish actor and director (b. 1892)^[251]
• 1979  - Hardie Gramatky, American author and illustrator (b. 1907)^[252]
• 1980  - Alfred Hitchcock, English-American director and producer (b. 1899)^[253]
• 1982  - Raymond Bussières, French actor, producer and screenwriter (b. 1907)^[254]
• 1992  - Mae Clarke, American actress (b. 1910)^[255]
• 1993  - Michael Gordon, American actor and director (b. 1909)^[256]
• 1993  - Mick Ronson, English guitarist, songwriter and producer (b. 1946)^[257]
• 1997  - Mike Royko, American journalist and author (b. 1932)^[258]
• 2000  - Phạm Văn Đồng, Vietnamese lieutenant and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)^[259]
• 2001  - Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., American physicist and academic (b. 1936)^[260]
• 2002  - Bob Akin, American race car driver and journalist (b. 1936)^[261]
• 2003  - Janko Bobetko, Croatian Army general and Chief of the General Staff (b. 1919)^[262]
• 2004  - John Henniker-Major, British diplomat and civil servant (b. 1916)^[263]
• 2005  - William J. Bell, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1927)^[264]
• 2005  - Louis Leithold, American mathematician and academic (b. 1924)^[265]
• 2006  - John Kenneth Galbraith, Canadian-American economist and diplomat, United States Ambassador to India (b. 1908)^[266]
• 2007  - Josh Hancock, American baseball player (b. 1978)^[267]
• 2007  - Dick Motz, New Zealand cricketer and rugby player (b. 1940)^[268]
• 2007  - Ivica Račan, Croatian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Croatia (b. 1944)^[269]
• 2008  - Gordon Bradley, English-American footballer (b. 1933)^[270]
• 2008  - Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist and academic (b. 1906)^[271]
• 2010  - Avigdor Arikha, French-Israeli artist, printmaker and art historian (b. 1929)^[272]
• 2011  - Siamak Pourzand, Iranian journalist and critic (b. 1931)^[273]
• 2011  - Joanna Russ, American writer, academic and radical feminist (b. 1937)^[274]
• 2012  - Shukri Ghanem, Libyan politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Libya (b. 1942)^[275]
• 2012  - Joel Goldsmith, American composer and conductor (b. 1957)^[276]
• 2012  - Roland Moreno. French engineer, invented the smart card (b. 1945)^[277]
• 2012  - Kenny Roberts, American singer-songwriter (b. 1926)^[278]
• 2013  - Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (b. 1992)^[279]
• 2013  - Pesah Grupper, Israeli politician, 13th Israel Minister of Agriculture (b. 1924)^[280]
• 2013  - John La Montaine, American pianist and composer (b. 1920)^[281]
• 2013  - Kevin Moore, English footballer (b. 1958)
• 2013  - Marianna Zachariadi, Greek pole vaulter (b. 1990)^[282]
• 2014  - Iveta Bartošová, Czech singer and actress (b. 1966)^[283]
• 2014  - Al Feldstein, American author and illustrator (b. 1925)^[284]
• 2014  - Bob Hoskins, English actor (b. 1942)^[285]
• 2015  - François Michelin, French businessman (b. 1926)^[286]
• 2015  - Jean Nidetch, American businesswoman, co-founded Weight Watchers (b. 1923)^[287]
• 2015  - Calvin Peete, American golfer (b. 1943)^[288]
• 2015  - Dan Walker, American lawyer and politician, 36th Governor of Illinois (b. 1922)^[289]
• 2016  - Renato Corona, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (b. 1948)^[290]
• 2017  - R. Vidyasagar Rao, Indian bureaucrat and activist (b. 1939)^[291]
• 2018  - Luis García Meza, Bolivian general, 57th President of Bolivia (b. 1929)^[292]
• 2018  - Michael Martin, British politician (b. 1945)^[293]
• 2019  - Josef Šural, Czech footballer (b. 1990)^[294]
• 2020  - Irrfan Khan, Indian actor (b. 1967)^[295]
• 2020  - Guido Münch, Mexican astronomer and astrophysicist (b. 1921)^[296]
• 2021  - Cate Haste, English author (b. 1945)^[297]
• 2022  - Joanna Barnes, American actress and writer (b. 1934)^[298]
• 2023  - Padma Desai, Indian-American development economist (b. 1931)^[299]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Catherine of Siena (Catholic, Lutheran and Anglican Church)^[300]
  • Hugh of Cluny^[301]
  • Robert of Molesme^[302]
  • Wilfrid II^[303]
  • April 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare (United Nations)^[304]
• International Dance Day (UNESCO)^[305]
• Shōwa Day, traditionally the start of the Golden Week holiday period, which is April 29 and May 3–5. (Japan)^[306]

External links

• BBC: On This Day
  • Historical Events on April 29

Notes and References

1. Web site: E. . Guidoboni . G. . Ferrari . D. . Mariotti . A. . Comastri . G. . Tarabusi . G. . Sgattoni . G. . Valensise . 801 04 29, 20:00 Roma (Italy) . Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia (461 a.C.–1997) e nell'area Mediterranea (760 a.C.–1500) . Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia . 2018 .
2. Joan of Arc. Shotwell. James Thomson. James T. Shotwell. Chisholm. Hugh. Hugh Chisholm. 15. 420.
3. Martínez Usó . María José . Marco Castillo . Francisco J. . The total eclipse of the sun of July 29, AD1478, in contemporary Spanish documents . Journal for the History of Astronomy . May 2023 . 54 . 2 . 153–170 . 10.1177/00218286231167157. 2023JHA....54..153M . 10234/203020 . 258548316 . free .
4. Web site: Befrielsekriget 1521-1523 . 2011-11-20 . Sundberg . Ulf . 1998 . Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek . Swedish . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110916191718/http://www.smb.nu/index.php/krig-1521-1611/befrielsekriget-1521-1523 . 2011-09-16 .
5. Book: Snow . Dan . Death Or Victory: The Battle for Quebec and the Birth of Empire . 2009. 416–17 . Harper Collins UK . 9780007286201.
6. News: Higgins . Isabella . Collard . Sarah . Captain James Cook's landing and the Indigenous first words contested by Aboriginal leaders . 29 November 2021 . . 28 April 2020.
7. Book: Clowes . William Laird . Markham . Clements . Mahan . Alfred Thayer . Wilson . Herbert Wrigley . Roosevelt . Theodore . Laughton . Carr . William Laird Clowes . Clements Markham . Alfred Thayer Mahan . Herbert Wrigley Wilson . Theodore Roosevelt . The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to the Present . 1898 . 483 . 3 . 29 November 2021.
8. Peter . Robertson . Glen . Cozens . Wayne . Orchiston . Bruce . Slee . Harry . Wendt . Early Australian Optical and Radio Observations of Centaurus A. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 27 . 4 . 1 January 2010 . 402–430 . 1323-3580 . 10.1071/AS09071 . 1012.5137 . 2010PASA...27..402R . 54580482 .
9. Dunlop . James . A catalogue of nebulæ and clusters of stars in the southern hemisphere, observed at Paramatta in New South Wales, … . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London . 1828 . 118 . 113–151 . 10.1098/rstl.1828.0010 . Centaurus A is listed on p. 138 as entry number 482. A sketch of Centaurus A appears as Fig. 20 on the plate between pages 114 and 115.
10. Book: Mitchell . Charles W. . Maryland Voices of the Civil War . July 2007 . Johns Hopkins University Press . 9780801886218 . 87.
11. Book: Hearn, Chester G. . When the Devil Came Down to Dixie: Ben Butler in New Orleans . Louisiana State University . 1997 . 9780807121801. Baton Rouge . 243–245.
12. Book: Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities. Menasha, Wisc.. G. Banta Co.. 1977. 1519027. 346. none.

    Book: Watts, Michelle Taylor. Fraternities and Sororities. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society. Wherry. Frederick F.. Schor. Juliet. Los Angeles. SAGE. 2016. 9781452226439. 739 . Google Books.

13. Web site: Frank Slide facts . Government of Alberta . 29 November 2021.
14. Book: Raymond, E. T. . Mr. Lloyd George . E. T. Raymond. 1922 . George H. Doran company . 118 . Internet Archive.
15. Book: Bartlett. Nancy. The University of Michigan and China: 1845–2006. Ann Arbor, Mich.. Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan. 2006. 69652031. 6.
16. Book: Barber . Charles H. . Besieged In Kut And After . 1917 . William Blackwood and Sons . Edinburgh and London . 239 . 29 November 2021.
17. Donoghue . Denis . EASTER 1916 . Yeats Annual . 2018 . 21 . 39–61 . 90020738 . 0278-7687.
18. Unconditional Surrender of German and Italian Forces at Caserta . American Journal of International Law . July 1945 . 39 . S3 . 168–169 . 10.2307/2213918. 2213918 . 246011529 .
19. Willingham . Frank . Dando-Collins . Stephen . Review of Operation Chowhound: The Most Risky, Most Glorious U.S. Bomber Mission of WWII, Dando-CollinsStephen . Air Power History . 2015 . 62 . 4 . 53 . 26276674 . 1044-016X.
20. Evans . Richard J. . Adolf & Eva . The National Interest . 2011 . 115 . 76–86 . 42896406 . 0884-9382.
21. Venkov . Igor N. . How the Berlin Garrison Surrendered 2 May 1945 . Army History . 1990 . 17 . 20–25 . 26302914 . 1546-5330.
22. Monuments to the Unthinkable . Clint . Smith . December 2022. 23 November 2022 . The Atlantic . 40 . subscription . 330 . 5.
23. Book: Williams . Carrington . Carey . John . Pritchard . R. John . Dunlap . William . International Humanitarian Law: Origins . 2003 . Transnational Publishers . 9789047442820 . 105 . The Tokyo War Crimes Trial Before The International Military Tribunal For The Far East.
24. Web site: Accident description: Boeing 377 Stratocruiser 10-26 . May 3, 2018 . Aviation Safety Network.
25. Akar . Gozde B. . Tekalp . A. Murat . Fehn . Christoph . Civanlar . M. Reha . Transport Methods in 3DTV—A Survey . IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology . November 2007 . 17 . 11 . 1622–1630 . 10.1109/TCSVT.2007.905365. 17019171 .
26. News: Lipsyte . Robert . Clay Refuses Army Oath; Stripped of Boxing Crown . 18 September 2023 . The New York Times . 29 April 1967.
27. Book: Root, John D.. Cambodian Incursion (April 29—July 22, 1970). Vietnam War: The Essential Reference Guide. Willbanks. James H.. Santa Barbara, California . ABC-CLIO . 2013 . 9781610691031 . 25 . Google Books.
28. News: Herbers. John. Nixon Will Give Edited Tape Transcripts on Watergate to House and the Public. The New York Times. April 30, 1974. 1, 32.
29. Book: Tobin . Thomas G. . Laehr . Arthur E. . Hilgenberg . John F. . Lavalle . A. J. C. . Last Flight from Saigon . 1978 . U.S. Government Printing Office . vii . 18 September 2023 . Google Books.
30. Yow . Cheun Hoe. . Resources for China-ASEAN Relations, April to November 2003: Chronology of Events . China: An International Journal . 2004 . 2 . 1 . 171–184 . 10.1353/chn.2004.0008. 153394064 . free .
31. News: Hughes . Kathryn . The Library Book by Susan Orlean – what LA lost when its library burned down . 20 March 2023 . The Guardian . 16 February 2019.
32. Web site: Enterprise VIII (CVAN-65)1986-1990. . 12 September 2005. Naval History and Heritage Command . official U.S. Navy web site. 27 Apr 2021 . "Beginning at 0300 on 29 April 1986, Enterprise became the first nuclear powered carrier to transit the Suez Canal. ... At 0402, Enterprise entered the canal, exiting at 1514 when she entered the Med for the first time in almost 22 years.".
33. Khalil . Gazi Md. . The catastrophic cyclone of April 1991: Its Impact on the economy of Bangladesh . Natural Hazards . November 1993 . 8 . 3 . 263–281 . 10.1007/BF00690911. 1993NatHa...8..263K . 129021230 .
34. Jibson. R.W.. Prentice C.S.. Borissoff B.A.. Rogozhin E.A.. Langer C.J.. amp . 1994. Some Observations of Landslides Triggered by the 29 April 1991 Racha Earthquake, Republic of Georgia. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 84. 4. 10 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100531195424/http://profile.usgs.gov/myscience/upload_folder/ci2009Apr221601094273745-Racha%20landslides,%20BSSA.pdf. 31 May 2010. dead.
35. News: Serrano . Richard A. . All 4 Acquitted in King Beating Verdict Stirs Outrage; Bradley Calls It Senseless Trial: Ventura County jury rejects charges of excessive force in episode captured on videotape. A mistrial is declared on one count against Officer Powell. . 29 November 2021 . Los Angeles Times . 30 April 1992 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100501174513/https://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-30/news/mn-1942_1_ventura-county-jury . 1 May 2010.
36. Herby . Peter . Chemical Weapons Convention enters into force . International Review of the Red Cross . 30 April 1997 . 37 . 317 . 208–209 . 10.1017/S0020860400085156 . 29 November 2021.
37. Web site: The end of the road for Oldsmobile.
38. News: Royal Wedding date chosen by Prince William and Kate . BBC news . 29 November 2021 . 23 November 2010.
39. News: Associated Press . Prague explosion possibly caused by gas injures dozens . 29 November 2021 . The Guardian . 29 April 2013.
40. Web site: ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-428BCF N949CA Bagram Air Base (BPM). Ranter. Harro. aviation-safety.net. 2019-07-13.
41. Web site: White Sox-Orioles game will be played Wednesday, closed to public . ESPN . 29 November 2021 . 28 April 2015.
42. Web site: Franz . Eckhart G. . Hessen, Wilhelm II. Landgraf von . Hessische Biografie . Hessisches Institut für Landesgeschichte . 18 September 2023 . de.
43. Web site: Essegern . Ute . Biografie von Sophia von Sachsen (1587-1635) . Sächsische Biografie . Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde . 18 September 2023 . de.
44. Buelow . George J. . Reusner [Reussner], Esaias (ii) . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.23273.
45. Handley . Stuart . Butler, James, second duke of Ormond (1665–1745), army officer, politician, and Jacobite conspirator . 25 May 2006 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/4193.
46. Ross . Angus . Arbuthnot [Arbuthnott], John (bap. 1667, d. 1735), physician and satirist . 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/610.
47. Hansell . Kathleen Kuzmick . Noverre, Jean-Georges . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20148.
48. Casto . William R. . Ellsworth, Oliver (1745-1807), chief justice of the United States . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0200120.
49. Book: Bohman, Nils . Svenska män och kvinnor . 1955 . Bonnier . 294 . sv . 312499086 . 20 April 2023.
50. Book: Merriam Webster's Biographical Dictionary . 1995 . Merriam-Webster, Inc. . 9780877797432 . 20 April 2023 . Jean-Baptiste Jourdan . Gale.
51. Book: Merriam Webster's Biographical Dictionary . 1995 . Merriam-Webster, Inc. . 9780877797432 . 20 April 2023 . (Jean) Charles (Emmanuel) Nodier . Gale.
52. Wildman . Stephen . Cox, David (1783–1859), landscape painter . 3 October 2013 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/6520.
53. Book: The New England Historical and Genealogical Register . 1890 . New England Historic Genealogical Society . 137 . 44.
54. Neville-Sington . Pamela . Trollope, Thomas Adolphus [Tom] (1810–1892), historian and writer . 27 May 2010 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/27755.
55. Book: Newton . Michael . Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia . 2014 . ABC-CLIO . Santa Barbara, California . 9781610692861 . 12–13 . 1.
56. Book: Les parlementaires de la Seine sous la Troisième République . fr . 2001. 1 . . Jean-Marie . Mayeur. Arlette . Schweitz . 97 . 9782859444327 .
57. Lamb . Andrew . Millöcker, Carl . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18701.
58. Obituary: Joachim Andersen . The Musical Times . 1909 . 50 . 797 . 456 . 907558 . 0027-4666.
59. Kumar . R. Siva . Varma, (Raja) Ravi . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T087983. 9781884446054 .
60. Jourdain . Philip E. B. . HENRI POINCARÉ: OBITUARY . The Monist . 1912 . 22 . 4 . 611–615 . 10.5840/monist191222422 . 27900399 . 0026-9662.
61. Book: Liddell . Robert . Cavafy: A Critical Biography . 1974 . Duckworth . London . 0715607294 . 23.
62. Leonard . Thomas C. . Hearst, William Randolph (1863-1951), publisher . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600738.
63. Book: Attwater . Donald . A New Dictionary of Saints . 1994 . Liturgical Press . 0814623247 . 218.
64. Hamburger . Susan . Whitney, Harry Payne (1872-1930), financier and sportsman . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1900236.
65. Osterbrock . Donald E. . Moulton, Forest Ray (1872-1952), theoretical astronomer and mathematician . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1301191.
66. MacDonald Fraser . George . Sabatini, Rafael (1875–1950), novelist . 6 January 2011 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/37926.
67. Crichton . Ronald . Lucas . John . Beecham, Sir Thomas . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.02507.
68. Szweykowski . Zygmunt M. . Chybiński, Adolf (Eustachy) . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.05743.
69. Costa . Vanina . Herbin, Auguste . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T037714.
70. Steen . John . Werkman, Hendrik Nicolaas . Oxford Art Online . 2003 . 10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T091177.
71. Slater . Ken . Egon Kisch: A Biographical Outline . Labour History . 1979 . 36 . 94–103 . 10.2307/27508355 . 27508355.
72. Amadon . Dean . In Memoriam: Robert Cushman Murphy April 29, 1887-March 20, 1973 . The Auk . January 1974 . 91 . 1 . 1–9 . 10.2307/4084656 . 4084656. free .
73. Stacey . Maurice . Michael Heidelberger, 29 April 1888 - 25 June 1991 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . February 1994 . 39 . 177–197 . 10.1098/rsbm.1994.0011. 11639904 . 46518538 .
74. Payne . B. O. . Edward Wilfred Taylor, 29 April 1891 - 1 November 1980 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . November 1981 . 27 . 562–577 . 10.1098/rsbm.1981.0022. 57734028 .
75. Costa . Albert B. . Urey, Harold Clayton (1893-1981), physical chemist and planetary scientist . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302119.
76. Book: Halpen, Leopold E.. Marietta Blau. Marelene F.. Rayner-Canham. Geoffrey. Rayner-Canham. A Devotion to Their Science: Pioneer Women of Radioactivity. Montréal. McGill-Queen's University Press. 1997. 9780773516427. 196.
77. Levin . Isidor . Vladimir Propp: An Evaluation on His Seventieth Birthday . Journal of the Folklore Institute . June 1967 . 4 . 1 . 32–49 . 10.2307/3813911 . 3813911.
78. Crichton . Ronald . Sargent, Sir (Harold) Malcolm . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.24590.
79. Bell . Ronald Percy . Edmund John Bowen, 29 April 1898 - 19 November 1980 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . November 1981 . 27 . 83–101 . 10.1098/rsbm.1981.0004. 72246851 .
80. Collier . James Lincoln . Ellington, Duke (1899-1974), jazz musician and composer . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800355.
81. Wepman . Dennis . Petty, Mary (1899-1976), cartoonist and illustrator . April 2008 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1701972.
82. besta521 . Amelia Martha Best . 25 August 2022.
83. News: Hirohito Dies, Ending 62 Years as Japan's Ruler . 20 March 2023 . Los Angeles Times . Associated Press . 8 January 1989.
84. Collins . Thomas W. . Zinnemann, Fred (1907-1997), film director . June 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1803512.
85. News: Fox . Margalit . Jack Williamson, 98, an Author Revered in Science Fiction Field, Dies . 19 March 2023 . The New York Times . 14 November 2006.
86. News: Shipman . David . Obituary: Tom Ewell . 19 March 2023 . The Independent . 13 September 1994 . en.
87. News: Shannon . Ed . Richard Carlson: Albert Lea's other film and television star . 19 March 2023 . Albert Lea Tribune . 24 December 2016 . en.
88. Haeberli . Willy . DeLuca . Paul M. . Davis . Jay C. . Henry Herman Barschall . Physics Today . June 1997 . 50 . 6 . 106–108 . 10.1063/1.881755. free .
89. Barker . Jennifer M. . Deren, Maya (1917-1961), avant-garde filmmaker . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800304.
90. News: Bergan . Ronald . Celeste Holm obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 15 July 2012.
91. Thackeray . Frank W. . Allen, George Herbert (1918-1990), college and professional football coach . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1900673.
92. News: Bergan . Ronald . Gérard Oury . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 28 July 2006.
93. News: Tucker . Nicholas . OBITUARY : Edward Blishen . 19 March 2023 . The Independent . 16 December 1996 . en.
94. News: Tommasini . Anthony . Harold Shapero, American Neo-Classical Composer, Dies at 93 . 19 March 2023 . The New York Times . 22 May 2013.
95. News: Fordham . John . Toots Thielemans obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 23 August 2016.
96. News: Bergan . Ronald . Irvin Kershner obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 29 November 2010.
97. News: Cruickshank . Judith . Zizi Jeanmaire obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 17 July 2020.
98. Book: Contemporary Black Biography . 2008 . Gale . 1058-1316 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . John Compton . 65.
99. News: Wells . Paul . Iwao Takamoto . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 29 January 2007.
100. News: Weber . Bruce . Elmer Kelton, Novelist of the Changing West, Dies at 83 . 19 March 2023 . The New York Times . 2 September 2009.
101. News: Dorothy Manley, sprinter who won silver behind the 'Flying Housewife' Fanny Blankers-Koen at the 1948 Olympic Games – obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Telegraph . 19 November 2021.
102. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 780 . First.
103. News: Laing . Dave . Carl Gardner obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 13 June 2011.
104. News: Radford . Tim . Heinz Wolff obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 17 December 2017.
105. News: Vat . Dan van der . Walter Kempowski . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 6 November 2007.
106. News: Matthews . David . Peter Sculthorpe obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 13 August 2014.
107. News: April Stevens Dies at 93; Her 'Deep Purple' Became a Surprise Hit . Slotnik . Daniel E. . The New York Times . 27 April 2023 . 27 April 2023.
108. News: Roberts . Sam . Maurice Strong, Environmental Champion, Dies at 86 . 19 March 2023 . The New York Times . 2 December 2015.
109. News: Howard . Anthony . Steel . David . Jeremy Thorpe obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 4 December 2014.
110. News: Bergan . Ronald . Jean Rochefort obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 9 October 2017.
111. Book: Contemporary Artists . 2001 . Gale . 9781558624078 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Frank Auerbach.
112. News: Denselow . Robin . Lonnie Donegan . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 5 November 2002.
113. News: Padgham . Massey . Butler . Jim . Tories laud Pearson for advancing gov't . 28 April 2023 . Whitehorse Daily Star . 17 October 1984 . 5 . Newspapers.com.
114. Book: Contemporary Artists . 2001 . Gale . 9781558624078 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . David Tindle.
115. Book: Burgess . Colin . Hall . Rex . The First Soviet Cosmonaut Team: Their Lives, Legacy, and Historical Impact . 2009 . Springer . Berlin . 9780387848235 . 74 . 2008935694.
116. News: Vecsey . George . Ed Charles, Infield Sage of the Miracle Mets, Is Dead at 84 . 19 March 2023 . The New York Times . 15 March 2018.
117. News: Carlson . Michael . Rod McKuen obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 1 February 2015.
118. News: Millburg . Steve . Country's Outlaw Earns Respect . 28 April 2023 . St. Petersburg Times . 12 May 1989 . 21 . Newspapers.com.
119. Book: Contemporary Hispanic Biography . 1996 . Gale . 9780810383029 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Luis Ernesto Aparicio, Jr..
120. Book: Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations . 2004 . Thomson, Gale . Detroit . 9780787677732 . 6 . 11th . 21 March 2023 . Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of Cape Verde.
121. News: Russell . Tony . Otis Rush obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 3 October 2018.
122. News: Zubin Mehta Biography, Conductor, & Facts . 29 April 2024 . Britannica.com . 25 April 2024.
123. Schmidt . Edward W. . Former Jesuit superior general Adolfo Nicolás has died in Tokyo . 19 March 2023 . America . 20 May 2020 . en.
124. News: Centenera . Mar . Alejandra Pizarnik: 'I write against fear' . 14 April 2024 . EL PAÍS English . 27 September 2022 . en-us.
125. News: Bevan . Judi . Inside the Rothschild outsider . 28 April 2023 . The Sunday Telegraph . 23 January 1994 . 30 . Newspapers.com.
126. News: Eccleshare . Julia . Jill Paton Walsh obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 26 October 2020.
127. News: Bergan . Ronald . Steven Bach . 18 September 2023 . The Guardian . 31 March 2009.
128. News: Henriques . Diana B. . Bernard Madoff, Architect of Largest Ponzi Scheme in History, Is Dead at 82 . The New York Times . 15 April 2021 . 14 April 2021.
129. Book: Contemporary Artists . 2001 . Gale . 9781558624078 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Klaus Rinke.
130. Priestley . Brian . Kernfeld . Barry . Adams, George . 2003 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.J002300.
131. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2010 . Gale . 18 September 2023 . Collection . Peter Arthur Diamond .
132. Book: Contemporary Artists . 2001 . Gale . 9781558624078 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Hanne Darboven . 49.
133. Fritchie, Baroness, (Irene Tordoff Fritchie) (born 29 April 1942) . UK Who's Who . 1 December 2022 . 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U16506.
134. Westerfield . David . Duane Allen: A good old Oak Ridge Boy . 28 April 2023 . Texas Weekly . 17 November 1985 . 5 . Newspapers.com.
135. News: Langdon . Julia . Lady Dean of Thornton-le-Fylde obituary . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 18 March 2018.
136. Deech, Baroness, (Ruth Lynn Deech) (born 29 April 1943) . UK Who's Who . 1 December 2019 . 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U13364.
137. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 500 . First.
138. News: Sweeting . Adam . Hugh Hopper . 19 March 2023 . The Guardian . 9 June 2009.
139. Web site: Lara, Catherine . Social Networks and Archival Context . 28 April 2023.
140. Book: Contemporary Musicians . 2004 . Gale . 1044-2197 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Tammi Terrell . 49.
141. Book: Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians . 2001 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Tommy James.
142. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 18 April 2002 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . John (Laurence) Miller .
143. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2005 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Edith Brown Clement .
144. News: Sir Paul Holmes 1950-2013 . 20 March 2023 . NZ Herald . Associated Press . 1 February 2013 . en-NZ.
145. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 12 August 2010 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Phillip Noyce .
146. Book: Dale Earnhardt . Newsmakers . Gale . 3 June 2010 . 12 March 2021 . 0899-0417.
147. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2016 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Jon Stanhope .
148. News: Births . 28 September 2020 . West Australian . 30 April 1952 . Perth, WA . 20.
149. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2009 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Nora Dunn . 93.
150. News: Barkowitz . Ed . The Newcomers: Bob McClure . 28 April 2023 . Philadelphia Daily News . 19 February 2014 . 56 . Newspapers.com.
151. News: Roberts . Sam . Dave Valentin, a Grammy Award-Winning Latin Jazz Flutist, Dies at 64 . 21 March 2023 . The New York Times . 8 March 2017.
152. Book: Jerry Seinfeld . Newsmakers . Gale . 25 October 2021 . 12 March 2021 . 0899-0417.
153. News: Carlson . Michael . Leslie Jordan obituary . 21 March 2023 . The Guardian . 7 November 2022.
154. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 29 May 2019 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Kate Mulgrew .
155. Book: Daniel Day-Lewis . Newsmakers . Gale . 21 March 2023 . 29 March 2017 . 0899-0417.
156. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2021 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Fiame Naomi Mata'afa .
157. News: Ponting . Ivan . Kevin Moore: Defensive stalwart for Southampton . 19 March 2023 . The Independent . 8 May 2013 . en.
158. Book: Michelle Pfeiffer . Newsmakers . Gale . 21 March 2023 . 12 March 2021 . 0899-0417.
159. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2002 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Eve Plumb . 38.
160. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 2022 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Robert J. Sawyer .
161. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 15 December 2016 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Polly Samson .
162. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 20 November 2014 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Mike Babcock .
163. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2009 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Federico Castelluccio . 89.
164. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 29 March 2017 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Michel Bussi .
165. News: Roberts . Sam . Amy Krouse Rosenthal, Children's Author and Filmmaker, Dies at 51 . 21 March 2023 . The New York Times . 13 March 2017.
166. Book: Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians . 2001 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Christian Tetzlaff.
167. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 1 February 2016 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic .
168. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2011 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Paul Adelstein . 113.
169. Book: Parsons . John . The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Tennis: The Definitive Illustrated Guide to World Tennis . 2006 . Carlton Books Ltd . London . 9781844421572 . 73.
170. Book: Uma Thurman . Newsmakers . Gale . 21 March 2023 . 20 April 2015 . 0899-0417.
171. Book: Contemporary Musicians . 2013 . Gale . 1044-2197 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Garrison Starr . 76.
172. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2012 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . April Telek . 120.
173. Book: Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors . 12 August 2015 . Gale . 9780787639952 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Micol Ostow .
174. Book: Who's Who Among African Americans . 2021 . Gale . 1081-1400 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . God Shammgod .
175. Web site: Tennis Abstract: Zuzana Hejdova Match Results, Splits, and Analysis . 2022-10-21 . www.tennisabstract.com.
176. Web site: Zuzana Hejdova Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
177. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 442 . First.
178. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2011 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . David Sullivan . 114.
179. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 25 September 2008 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Bob and Mike Bryan .
180. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2012 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Javier Colon .
181. News: Crook . John . Celebrity Scoop: Tyler Labine . 28 April 2023 . The News Tribune . 6 March 2011 . 3 . Newspapers.com.
182. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2007 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Jo O'Meara . 77.
183. Web site: Mathieu Biron . 11 April 2024 . National Hockey League.
184. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2010 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Bre Blair . 97.
185. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 531 . First.
186. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2014 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Megan Boone .
187. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 7 August 2020 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Jay Cutler .
188. Book: Contemporary Theatre, Film and Television . 2008 . Gale . 0749-064X . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Sam Jones, III . 85.
189. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2005 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Kirby Côté .
190. Web site: Lina Krasnoroutskaya Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
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193. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 42 . First.
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196. Web site: 【入行十年】明年三月紅館開處男騷 許廷鏗告別舊我 2018-11-28 壹週刊 蘋果日報 . Apple Daily 蘋果日報 . 29 April 2019 .
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199. News: 신예 윤하 정규 1집도 오리콘 톱10 진입. Lee. Eun-jeong. Yonhap News. 29 April 2019. ko.
200. Book: Contemporary Black Biography . 2019 . Gale . 1058-1316 . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Candace Owens . 151.
201. Web site: James Faulkner Stats, Bio, Facts and Career Info. 2021-04-29. www.cricket.com.au. en.
202. j/johnsch04 . Chris Johnson . 20 March 2023.
203. Book: Hugman . Barry J. . The PFA Premier & Football League players' records 1946-2015 . 2015 . Hextable . 9781782811671 . 782 . First.
204. Web site: Jung Hye-sung (정혜성, Korean actress) . HanCinema . 29 April 2019.
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210. Web site: Kimberly Birrell Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
211. Book: Gale Biography Online Collection . 2016 . Gale . 21 March 2023 . Collection . Mallory Pugh .
212. Web site: Sinja Kraus Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
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230. Hyde . Virginia Crosswhite . Farr [married name Emery], Florence Beatrice [performing name Mary Lester] (1860–1917), author and mystic . 23 September 2004 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/53081.
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232. Brashear . Ronald . Nichols, Ernest Fox (1869-1924), physicist and university president . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1302306.
233. Book: Dictionary of American Biography . 1936 . Charles Scribner's Sons . 18 September 2023 . Ralph Delahaye Paine.
234. Book: Liddell . Robert . Cavafy: A Critical Biography . 1974 . Duckworth . London . 0715607294 . 206.
235. Book: Contemporary Black Biography . 2005 . Gale . 1058-1316 . 18 September 2023 . Collection . Leroy Carr . 49.
236. Bordman . Gerald . Gillette, William Hooker (1853-1937), actor and playwright . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1602031.
237. Glanville-Hicks . Peggy . Achron, Joseph . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.00121.
238. Timbrell . Charles . Berrocal . Esperanza . Viñes, Ricardo . 2001 . 10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.29430.
239. Silet . Charles L. P. . Bitzer, Billy (1872-1944), motion picture cameraman . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800111.
240. Book: Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians . 2001 . Gale . 18 September 2023 . Piotr Solomonovich Stoliarsky.
241. Porter . Theodore M. . Fisher, Irving (1867-1947), economist . February 2000 . 10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1400190.
242. Hacker . P. M. S. . Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann (1889–1951), philosopher . 25 September 2014 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/36986.
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245. Ratcliffe . J. A. . Procter . Tim . Eccles, William Henry (1875–1966), physicist and engineer . 6 January 2011 . 10.1093/ref:odnb/32965.
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247. Book: Contemporary Black Biography . 2014 . Gale . 1058-1316 . 22 March 2023 . Collection . J. B. Lenoir . 117.
248. Encyclopedia: Aasa Helgesen . Ånund . Haugland . . 4 January 2024 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 16 March 2024.
249. Book: Lian . Xi . Blood letters: The Untold Story of Lin Zhao, a martyr in Mao's China . 2018 . Basic Books . New York . 9781541644229 . First . Introduction . On April 29, 1968, she was shot under the orders issued by the Shanghai Military Control Committee of the People's Liberation Army. She was thirty-six. Lin Zhao died....
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267. News: Fallstrom . R. B. . Cardinals reliever Josh Hancock killed in car crash . 18 March 2023 . The Seattle Times . 29 April 2007.
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292. News: Roberts . Sam . Luis García Meza, Bolivian Dictator Jailed for Genocide, Dies at 88 . 27 March 2023 . The New York Times . 2 May 2018.
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299. News: Singh . N. K. . Padma Desai (1931-2023): Influential academic, a thinker ahead of her times . 18 September 2023 . The Indian Express . 5 May 2023 . en.
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301. Book: Attwater . Donald . A New Dictionary of Saints . 1994 . Liturgical Press . 0814623247 . 143 . John . Cumming.
302. Book: Attwater . Donald . A New Dictionary of Saints . 1994 . Liturgical Press . 0814623247 . 275 . John . Cumming.
303. Book: Attwater . Donald . A New Dictionary of Saints . 1994 . Liturgical Press . 0814623247 . 324 . John . Cumming.
304. Book: Woollomes Tabassi . Lisa . OPCW: The Legal Texts . 2015 . T.M.C. Asser Press . The Hague . 9789462650442 . 453 . 3rd.
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