28 nm process explained

The "28 nm" lithography process is a half-node semiconductor manufacturing process based on a die shrink of the "32 nm" lithography process.[1] It appeared in production in 2010.[2]

Since at least 1997, "process nodes" have been named purely on a marketing basis, and have no direct relation to the dimensions on the integrated circuit;[3] neither gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch on a "28nm" device is twenty-eight nanometers.[4] [5] [6] [7]

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company has offered "28 nm" production using high-K metal gate process technology.[8]

GlobalFoundries offers a "28nm" foundry process called the "28SLPe" ("28nm Super Low Power") foundry process, which uses high-K metal gate technology.[9]

Design

"28nm" requires twice the number of design rules for ensuring reliability in manufacturing as "80nm".[10]

Shipped devices

AMD's Radeon HD 7970 uses a graphics processing unit manufactured using a "28nm" process.[11]

Some models of the PS3 use a RSX 'Reality Synthesizer' chip manufactured using a "28nm" process.[12]

FPGAs produced with "28 nm" process technology include models of the Xilinx Artix 7 FPGAs and Altera Cyclone V FPGAs.[13]

Notes and References

  1. Torres . J. Andres . Otto . Oberdan . Pikus . Fedor G. . 2009-10-01 . Zurbrick . Larry S. . Montgomery . M. Warren . Challenges for the 28nm half node: Is the optical shrink dead? . Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers . 74882A . 10.1117/12.831047.
  2. Web site: A Review of TSMC 28 nm Process Technology TechInsights . 2024-03-01 . www.techinsights.com.
  3. Web site: No More Nanometers – EEJournal . July 23, 2020 .
  4. Web site: A Brief History of Process Node Evolution. Shukla. Priyank. design-reuse.com. 2019-07-09.
  5. Web site: 14nm, 7nm, 5nm: How low can CMOS go? It depends if you ask the engineers or the economists.... Hruska. Joel. ExtremeTech.
  6. Web site: Exclusive: Is Intel Really Starting To Lose Its Process Lead? 7nm Node Slated For Release in 2022. wccftech.com. 2016-09-10.
  7. Web site: Life at 10nm. (Or is it 7nm?) And 3nm - Views on Advanced Silicon Platforms. eejournal.com. 2018-03-12.
  8. Web site: Clarke . Peter . 2009-08-24 . TSMC splits 28-nm high-k metal gate process into two versions . EE Times.
  9. Web site: GlobalFoundries 130, 55, 45, 40, 28, 22, 12nm Prototyping and Volume Production .
  10. Book: Balasinski, Artur . Design for manufacturability: from 1D to 4D for 90-22nm technology nodes . 2014 . Springer . 978-1-4614-1761-3 . New York, New York. 124.
  11. Web site: Smith . Ryan . AMD Radeon HD 7970 Review: 28nm And Graphics Core Next, Together As One . 2024-03-01 . www.anandtech.com.
  12. Web site: NVIDIA RSX-28nm .
  13. Book: Homulle . Harald . Charbon . Edoardo . Performance characterization of Altera and Xilinx 28 nm FPGAs at cryogenic temperatures . 2017 International Conference on Field Programmable Technology (ICFPT) . https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8280117 . IEEE . 25–31 . 10.1109/FPT.2017.8280117 . 978-1-5386-2656-6. 2017-12-13.

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