September 28 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 48 BC  - Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII.^[1]
• 235  - Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus of Rome.^[2]
• 351  - Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.^[3]
• 365  - Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself emperor.
• 935  - Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia is murdered by a group of nobles led by his brother Boleslaus I, who succeeds him.
• 995  - Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia, kills most members of the rival Slavník dynasty.
• 1066  - William the Conqueror lands in England, beginning the Norman conquest.^[4]
• 1106  - King Henry I of England defeats his brother Robert Curthose at the Battle of Tinchebray.
• 1213  - Queen consort Gertrude of Merania is assassinated by a group of Hungarian lords.^[5]
• 1238  - King James I of Aragon conquers Valencia from the Moors. Shortly thereafter, he proclaims himself king of Valencia.^[6]
• 1322  - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
• 1538  - Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over a Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.^[7]
• 1542  - Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives at what is now San Diego, California. He is the first European in California.^[8]

1601–1900

• 1779  - American Revolution: Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay.^[9]
• 1781  - American Revolution: French and American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown.^[10]
• 1787  - The Congress of the Confederation votes to send the newly written United States Constitution to the state legislatures for approval.^[11]
• 1821  - The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is drafted. It will be made public on 13 October.^[12]
• 1844  - Oscar I of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
• 1867  - Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario, having also been the capital of Ontario's predecessors since 1796.
• 1868  - The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France.^[13]
• 1871  - The Brazilian Parliament passes a law that frees all children thereafter born to slaves, and all government-owned slaves.^[14]
• 1889  - The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a metre.^[15]
• 1892  - The first night game for American football takes place in a contest between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal.^[16]

1901–present

• 1901  - Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own.^[17]
• 1912  - The Ulster Covenant is signed by some 500,000 Ulster Unionists in opposition to the Third Irish Home Rule Bill.^[18]
• 1912  - Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted man to die in an airplane crash.^[19]
• 1918  - World War I: The Fifth Battle of Ypres begins.^[20]
• 1919  - Race riots begin in Omaha, Nebraska, United States.^[21]
• 1924  - The first aerial circumnavigation is completed by a team from the US Army.^[22]
• 1928  - Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria-killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin.^[23]
• 1939  - World War II: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland.^[24]
• 1939  - World War II: The siege of Warsaw comes to an end.
• 1941  - World War II: The Drama uprising against the Bulgarian occupation in northern Greece begins.^[25]
• 1941  - Ted Williams achieves a .406 batting average for the season, and becomes the last major league baseball player to bat .400 or better.^[26]
• 1944  - World War II: Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Estonia.
• 1951  - CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, but the product is discontinued less than a month later.^[27]
• 1961  - A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria.^[28]
• 1970  - Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies of a heart attack in Cairo.^[29]
• 1973  - The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT's alleged involvement in the coup d'état in Chile.^[30]
• 1975  - The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London.^[31]
• 1986  - The Democratic Progressive Party becomes the first opposition party in Taiwan.^[32]
• 1992  - A Pakistan International Airlines flight crashes into a hill in Nepal, killing all 167 passengers and crew.
• 1994  - The cruise ferry sinks in the Baltic Sea, killing 852 people.^[33]
• 1995  - Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of the Comoros in a coup.
• 1995  - Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.
• 2000  - Al-Aqsa Intifada: Ariel Sharon visits Al-Aqsa Mosque known to Jews as the Temple Mount in Jerusalem.^[34]
• 2008  - Falcon 1 becomes the first privately developed liquid-fuel ground-launched vehicle to put a payload into orbit by the RatSat mission.^[35]
• 2008  - The Singapore Grand Prix is held as Formula One's inaugural night race, with Fernando Alonso winning the event. Almost a year later it was revealed that Alonso's team-mate Nelson Piquet Jr. had been ordered to crash his car to help bring out the safety car and give Alonso the advantage and win.^{[36] [37]}
• 2009  - The military junta leading Guinea attacks a protest rally, killing or wounding 1,400 people.^[38]
• 2012  - Somali and African Union forces launch a coordinated assault on the Somali port of Kismayo to take back the city from al-Shabaab militants.^[39]
• 2012  - Sita Air Flight 601 crashes in Madhyapur Thimi, Nepal, killing all 19 passengers and crew.^[40]
• 2014  - The 2014 Hong Kong protests begin in response to restrictive political reforms imposed by the NPC in Beijing.^[41]
• 2016  - The 2016 South Australian blackout occurs, lasting up to three days in some areas.^[42]
• 2018  - The 7.5 M_w 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, which triggered a large tsunami, leaves 4,340 dead and 10,679 injured.^[43]
• 2022  - Hurricane Ian makes landfall in Cayo Costa State Park, Florida as a category four hurricane, killing 169 and doing $113 billion in damage, becoming Florida's costliest hurricane and the deadliest in 89 years.^[44]
• 2023  - The 2023 Rotterdam shootings occurred, during which two people were killed in a shooting and arson incident at a residence in Delfshaven, Rotterdam. Additionally, one person lost their life in a classroom at the Erasmus University Medical Center.^[45]

Births

Pre-1600

• 551 BC  - Confucius, Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. (d. 479 BC)^[46]
• 616  - Javanshir, King of Caucasian Albania (d. 680)
• 1494  - Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet and playwright (d. 1545)
• 1555  - Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Marshal of France (d. 1623)
• 1573  - Théodore de Mayerne, Swiss physician (d. 1654)^[47]

1601–1900

• 1605  - Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1694)
• 1681  - Johann Mattheson, German composer, lexicographer, and diplomat (d. 1764)
• 1705  - Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1774)
• 1705  - Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
• 1735  - Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1811)^[48]
• 1746  - William Jones, English-Welsh philologist and scholar (d. 1794)
• 1765  - Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg (d. 1814)
• 1803  - Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist, historian, and author (d. 1870)
• 1809  - Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
• 1819  - Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer and publisher (d. 1885)
• 1821  - Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American minister and politician (d. 1874)
• 1823  - Alexandre Cabanel, French painter and educator (d. 1889)
• 1824  - Francis Turner Palgrave, English poet and critic (d. 1897)
• 1836  - Thomas Crapper, English plumber, invented the ballcock (d. 1910)
• 1841  - Georges Clemenceau, French journalist, physician, and politician, 85th Prime Minister of France (d. 1929)
• 1844  - Robert Stout, Scottish-New Zealand lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
• 1852  - Henri Moissan, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
• 1852  - Isis Pogson, British astronomer and meteorologist (d. 1945)^[49]
• 1852  - John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, British Army officer (d. 1925)^[50]
• 1856  - Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author and educator (d. 1923)
• 1860  - Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
• 1861  - Amélie of Orléans, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1951)^[51]
• 1867  - Hiranuma Kiichirō, Japanese lawyer and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
• 1867  - James Edwin Campbell, American educator, school administrator, newspaper editor, poet, and essayist (d. 1896)^{[52] [53] [54]}
• 1870  - Florent Schmitt, French composer and critic (d. 1958)
• 1877  - Albert Young, American boxer and promoter (d. 1940)
• 1878  - Joseph Ruddy, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962)
• 1881  - Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (d. 1950)
• 1882  - Mart Saar, Estonian organist and composer (d. 1963)
• 1883  - Albert Peyriguère, French priest, hermit and ethnologist (d. 1959)^[55]
• 1885  - Emil Väre, Finnish wrestler, coach, and referee (d. 1974)
• 1887  - Avery Brundage, American businessman, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975)
• 1889  - Jack Fournier, American baseball player and coach (d. 1973)
• 1890  - Florence Violet McKenzie, Australian electrical engineer (d. 1982)^[56]
• 1892  - Elmer Rice, American playwright (d. 1967)
• 1893  - Hilda Geiringer, Austrian mathematician (d. 1973)^[57]
• 1893  - Giannis Skarimpas, Greek author, poet, and playwright (d. 1984)
• 1898  - Carl Clauberg, German Nazi physician (d. 1957)
• 1900  - Isabel Pell, American socialite, fought as part of the French Resistance during WWII (d. 1951)

1901–present

• 1901  - William S. Paley, American broadcaster, founded CBS (d. 1990)
• 1901  - Ed Sullivan, American television host (d. 1974)^[58]
• 1903  - Haywood S. Hansell, American general (d. 1988)
• 1905  - Max Schmeling, German boxer (d. 2005)
• 1907  - Heikki Savolainen, Finnish gymnast and physician (d. 1997)
• 1907  - Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (d. 1931)
• 1909  - Al Capp, American author and illustrator (d. 1979)
• 1910  - Diosdado Macapagal, Filipino lawyer and politician, 9th President of the Philippines (d. 1997)
• 1910  - Wenceslao Vinzons, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 1942)
• 1913  - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss illustrator (d. 2007)
• 1913  - Alice Marble, American tennis player (d. 1990)
• 1914  - Maria Franziska von Trapp, Austrian-American refugee and singer (d. 2014)^[59]
• 1915  - Ethel Rosenberg, American spy (d. 1953)
• 1916  - Peter Finch, English-Australian actor (d. 1977)
• 1916  - Olga Lepeshinskaya, Ukrainian-Russian ballerina and educator (d. 2008)
• 1917  - Wee Chong Jin, Singaporean judge (d. 2005)^[60]
• 1918  - Ángel Labruna, Argentinian footballer and manager (d. 1983)
• 1918  - Arnold Stang, American actor (d. 2009)
• 1919  - Doris Singleton, American actress (d. 2012)
• 1922  - Liv Dommersnes, Norwegian actress (d. 2014)^[61]
• 1922  - Larry Munson, American sportscaster (d. 2011)
• 1922  - Jules Sedney, Prime Minister of Suriname (d. 2020)^[62]
• 1923  - Tuli Kupferberg, American singer, poet, and writer (d. 2010)
• 1923  - John Scott, 9th Duke of Buccleuch, Scottish captain and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Selkirkshire (d. 2007)
• 1923  - William Windom, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1924  - Rudolf Barshai, Russian-Swiss viola player and conductor (d. 2010)
• 1924  - Marcello Mastroianni, Italian-French actor and singer (d. 1996)^[63]
• 1925  - Seymour Cray, American computer scientist, founded the CRAY Computer Company (d. 1996)
• 1925  - Cromwell Everson, South African composer (d. 1991)
• 1925  - Martin David Kruskal, American physicist and mathematician (d. 2006)
• 1926  - Jerry Clower, American soldier, comedian, and author (d. 1998)
• 1928  - Koko Taylor, American singer (d. 2009)
• 1929  - Lata Mangeshkar, Indian playback singer and composer (d. 2022)
• 1930  - Tommy Collins, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2000)
• 1930  - Immanuel Wallerstein, American sociologist, author, and academic (d. 2019)
• 1932  - Jeremy Isaacs, Scottish screenwriter and producer
• 1932  - Víctor Jara, Chilean singer-songwriter, poet, and director (d. 1973)
• 1933  - Joe Benton, English soldier and politician
• 1933  - Miguel Ortiz Berrocal, Spanish sculptor and educator (d. 2006)
• 1933  - Johnny "Country" Mathis, American singer-songwriter (d. 2011)
• 1934  - Brigitte Bardot, French actress^[63]
• 1935  - Bruce Crampton, Australian golfer
• 1935  - David Hannay, Baron Hannay of Chiswick, English diplomat, British Permanent Representative to the United Nations
• 1935  - Ronald Lacey, English actor (d. 1991)
• 1936  - Emmett Chapman, American guitarist, invented the Chapman Stick (d. 2021)
• 1936  - Eddie Lumsden, Australian rugby league player (d. 2019)
• 1936  - Robert Wolders, Dutch television actor (d. 2018)
• 1937  - Alice Mahon, English trade union leader and politician (d. 2022)
• 1937  - Glenn Sutton, American country music songwriter and record producer (d. 2007)
• 1938  - Ben E. King, American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2015)
• 1939  - Stuart Kauffman, American biologist and academic
• 1941  - David Lewis, American philosopher and academic (d. 2001)
• 1941  - Edmund Stoiber, German lawyer and politician, Minister President of Bavaria
• 1941  - Charley Taylor, American football player (d. 2022)^[64]
• 1942  - Pierre Clémenti, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
• 1942  - Edward "Little Buster" Forehand, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
• 1943  - Warren Lieberfarb, American businessman
• 1943  - George W. S. Trow, American novelist, playwright, and critic (d. 2006)
• 1943  - Nick St. Nicholas, German-Canadian bass player
• 1944  - Richie Karl, American golfer
• 1944  - Marcia Muller, American journalist and author
• 1945  - Marielle Goitschel, French skier
• 1945  - Manolis Rasoulis, Greek singer-songwriter and journalist (d. 2011)
• 1945  - Fusako Shigenobu, Japanese activist, founded the Japanese Red Army
• 1946  - Tom Bower, English journalist and author
• 1946  - Jeffrey Jones, American actor
• 1946  - Majid Khan, Indian-Pakistani cricketer
• 1947  - Bob Carr, Australian journalist and politician, 37th Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1947  - Sheikh Hasina, Bangladeshi politician, 10th Prime Minister of Bangladesh
• 1947  - Jon Snow, English journalist and academic
• 1947  - Rhonda Hughes, American mathematician and academic
• 1949  - Jim Henshaw, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1949  - Vernee Watson-Johnson, American actress
• 1950  - Paul Burgess, English drummer
• 1950  - Christina Hoff Sommers, American author and philosopher
• 1950  - John Sayles, American novelist, director, and screenwriter
• 1951  - Jim Diamond, Scottish singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2015)
• 1952  - Christopher Buckley, American satirical novelist
• 1952  - Efthimis Kioumourtzoglou, Greek basketball player and coach
• 1952  - Sylvia Kristel, Dutch model and actress (d. 2012)
• 1952  - Andy Ward, English drummer
• 1953  - Otmar Hasler, Liechtensteiner educator and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Liechtenstein
• 1954  - Steve Largent, American football player and politician
• 1954  - George Lynch, American guitarist and songwriter
• 1954  - John Scott, English rugby player
• 1954  - Margot Wallström, Swedish politician and diplomat, 42nd Swedish Minister for Foreign Affairs
• 1955  - Stéphane Dion, Canadian sociologist and politician, 15th Canadian Minister of the Environment
• 1955  - Mercy Manci, Xhosa sangoma and HIV activist from South Africa
• 1955  - Kenny Kirkland, American pianist (d. 1998)
• 1957  - Bill Cassidy, American politician and physician
• 1959  - Laura Bruce, American artist
• 1959  - Ron Fellows, Canadian race car driver
• 1960  - Gary Ayres, Australian footballer and coach
• 1960  - Tom Byrum, American golfer
• 1960  - Frank Hammerschlag, German footballer and manager
• 1960  - Gus Logie, Trinidadian cricketer
• 1960  - Kamlesh Patel, Baron Patel of Bradford, English politician
• 1960  - Jennifer Rush, American singer-songwriter
• 1960  - Socrates Villegas, Filipino archbishop
• 1961  - Helen Grant, English lawyer and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics
• 1961  - Gregory Jbara, American actor and singer
• 1961  - Quentin Kawānanakoa, American lawyer and politician
• 1961  - Anne White, American tennis player
• 1962  - Grant Fuhr, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1962  - Laurie Rinker, American golfer
• 1962  - Dietmar Schacht, German footballer and manager
• 1962  - Chuck Taylor, American journalist
• 1963  - Steve Blackman, American wrestler and martial artist
• 1963  - Érik Comas, French race car driver
• 1963  - Johnny Dawkins, American basketball player and coach^[65]
• 1963  - Greg Weisman, American voice actor, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964  - Claudio Borghi, Argentinian footballer and manager
• 1964  - Gregor Fisken, Scottish race car driver
• 1964  - Janeane Garofalo, American comedian, actress, and screenwriter^[66]
• 1964  - Paul Jewell, English footballer and manager
• 1964  - Mārtiņš Roze, Latvian lawyer and politician (d. 2012)
• 1965  - B.G., the Prince of Rap, American rapper (d. 2023)^[67]
• 1966  - Scott Adams, American football player (d. 2013)
• 1966  - Maria Canals-Barrera, Cuban-American actress
• 1966  - Puri Jagannadh, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1967  - Mira Sorvino, American actress
• 1967  - Moon Zappa, American actress and author
• 1968  - Francois Botha, South African boxer and mixed martial artist
• 1968  - Mika Häkkinen, Finnish race car driver
• 1968  - Trish Keenan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
• 1968  - Sean Levert, American R&B singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2008)
• 1968  - Rob Moroso, American race car driver (d. 1990)
• 1968  - Naomi Watts, English-Australian actress and producer
• 1969  - Kerri Chandler, electronic music producer and DJ
• 1969  - Marcel Dost, Dutch decathlete
• 1969  - Ben Greenman, American journalist and author
• 1969  - Piper Kerman, American author and memoirist
• 1969  - Éric Lapointe, Canadian singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1969  - Sascha Maassen, German race car driver
• 1969  - Angus Robertson, Scottish politician
• 1969  - Nico Vaesen, Belgian footballer
• 1970  - Kimiko Date-Krumm, Japanese tennis player
• 1970  - Mike DeJean, American baseball player
• 1970  - Gualter Salles, Brazilian race car driver
• 1971  - Joseph Arthur, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971  - George Eustice, English lawyer and politician
• 1971  - Braam van Straaten, South African rugby player
• 1971  - Alan Wright, English footballer and manager
• 1972  - Dita Von Teese, American model and dancer
• 1973  - Brian Rafalski, American ice hockey player
• 1974  - Marco Di Loreto, Italian footballer and manager
• 1974  - Mariya Kiselyova, Russian swimmer
• 1974  - Joonas Kolkka, Finnish footballer and coach
• 1974  - Shane Webcke, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1975  - Stuart Clark, Australian cricketer and manager
• 1975  - Isamu Jordan, American journalist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1975  - Lenny Krayzelburg, Russian-American swimmer
• 1976  - Fedor Emelianenko, Russian mixed martial artist and politician
• 1976  - Bonzi Wells, American basketball player^[68]
• 1977  - Pak Se-ri, South Korean golfer
• 1977  - Young Jeezy, American rapper
• 1978  - Peter Cambor, American actor
• 1978  - Ben Edmondson, Australian cricketer
• 1979  - Bam Margera, American skateboarder, actor, and stuntman
• 1979  - Taki Tsan, American-Greek rapper and producer
• 1980  - Marlon Parmer, American basketball player
• 1981  - Greg Anderson, American pianist and composer
• 1981  - Willy Caballero, Argentine footballer
• 1981  - José Calderón, Spanish basketball player
• 1981  - Jorge Guagua, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1981  - Jerrika Hinton, American actress
• 1981  - Iracema Trevisan, Brazilian bass player
• 1982  - Aleksandr Anyukov, Russian footballer
• 1982  - Abhinav Bindra, Indian target shooter
• 1982  - Ray Emery, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2018)
• 1982  - Ranbir Kapoor, Indian actor and director
• 1982  - Nolwenn Leroy, French singer-songwriter and actress
• 1982  - Emeka Okafor, American basketball player
• 1982  - Dustin Penner, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1982  - Aivar Rehemaa, Estonian skier
• 1982  - Anderson Varejão, Brazilian basketball player
• 1982  - St. Vincent, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1983  - Stefan Moore, English footballer
• 1983  - John Schwalger, New Zealand rugby player
• 1984  - Jenny Omnichord, Canadian singer-songwriter
• 1984  - Luke Pomersbach, Australian cricketer
• 1984  - Naim Terbunja, Kosovan-Swedish boxer
• 1984  - Melody Thornton, American singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1984  - Mathieu Valbuena, French footballer
• 1984  - Ryan Zimmerman, American baseball player
• 1985  - Shindong, South Korean singer-songwriter and dancer
• 1985  - Alina Ibragimova, Russian-English violinist
• 1986  - Andrés Guardado, Mexican footballer
• 1986  - Meskerem Legesse, Ethiopian runner (d. 2013)
• 1986  - Daniel Platzman, American musician
• 1986  - Dominic Waters, American basketball player
• 1987  - Pierre Becken, German footballer
• 1987  - Gary Deegan, Irish footballer
• 1987  - Hilary Duff, American singer-songwriter and actress
• 1987  - Chloë Hanslip, English violinist
• 1987  - Viktoria Leks, Estonian high jumper
• 1988  - Marin Čilić, Croatian tennis player^[69]
• 1988  - Esmée Denters, Dutch singer-songwriter
• 1988  - Jason Jordan, American wrestler^[70]
• 1988  - Olivia Jordan, American actress, model, television host, and beauty pageant titleholder^[71]
• 1988  - Hana Mae Lee, American actress, model, and fashion designer
• 1988  - Aleks Vrteski, Australian footballer
• 1988  - Worakls, French DJ and electronic musician
• 1989  - Çağla Büyükakçay, Turkish tennis player^[72]
• 1989  - Darius Johnson-Odom, American basketball player
• 1989  - Mark Randall, English footballer
• 1990  - Phoenix Battye, Australian rugby player
• 1991  - Eddie Rosario, Puerto Rican baseball player^[73]
• 1991  - Elvyonn Bailey, American sprinter
• 1992  - Khem Birch, Canadian basketball player
• 1992  - Keir Gilchrist, Canadian actor and musician
• 1992  - Alex Landi, American actor
• 1992  - Paula Ormaechea, Argentine tennis player^[74]
• 1992  - Adam Thompson, English-Northern Irish footballer
• 1992  - Kōko Tsurumi, Japanese gymnast
• 1993  - Jodie Williams, English sprinter
• 1995  - Juancho Hernangómez, Spanish basketball player^[75]
• 1995  - Caleb Martin, American basketball player^[76]
• 1995  - Cody Martin, American basketball player^[77]
• 1995  - Jason Williams, English footballer
• 1996  - Aiden Moffat, British race car driver^[78]
• 1998  - Panna Udvardy, Hungarian tennis player^[79]
• 1999  - Kayla Day, American tennis player^[80]
• 2000  - Frankie Jonas, American actor, singer, and songwriter

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 48 BC  - Pompey, Roman general and politician (b. 106 BC)^[1]
• 135  - Rabbi Akiva, Jewish sage, martyr.^[81] (b. c. 50)
• 782  - Leoba, Anglo-Saxon nun (b. c. 710)
• 935  - Wenceslaus I, duke of Bohemia (b. c. 907)
• 980  - Minamoto no Hiromasa, Japanese nobleman (b. 918)
• 1197  - Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)^[82]
• 1213  - Gertrude of Merania, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1185)^[83]
• 1330  - Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (b. 1292)
• 1429  - Cymburgis of Masovia, duchess consort of Austria (b. 1394)
• 1582  - George Buchanan, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1506)
• 1596  - Margaret Clifford, countess of Derby (b. 1540)

1601–1900

• 1618  - Josuah Sylvester, English poet and translator (b. 1563)
• 1687  - Francis Turretin, Swiss-Italian theologian and academic (b. 1623)
• 1694  - Gabriel Mouton, French mathematician and theologian (b. 1618)
• 1702  - Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, French-English lawyer and politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1640)
• 1742  - Jean Baptiste Massillon, French bishop (b. 1663)
• 1805  - Christoph Franz von Buseck, Prince-Bishop of Bamberg (b. 1724)^[84]
• 1829  - Nikolay Raevsky, Russian general and politician (b. 1771)
• 1844  - Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and politician (b. 1769)
• 1859  - Carl Ritter, German geographer and academic (b. 1779)
• 1873  - Émile Gaboriau, French journalist and author (b. 1832)
• 1891  - Herman Melville, American author and poet (b. 1819)
• 1893  - Annie Feray Mutrie, British painter (b. 1826)^[85]
• 1895  - Louis Pasteur, French chemist and microbiologist (b. 1822)
• 1899  - Giovanni Segantini, Austrian painter (b. 1858)

1901–present

• 1902  - John Marks Moore, American politician and attorney (b. 1853)^[86]
• 1904  - Lafcadio Hearn, Greek-Japanese historian and author (b. 1850)^[87]
• 1914  - Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co-founded Sears (b. 1863)
• 1915  - Saitō Hajime, Japanese samurai (b. 1844)
• 1918  - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
• 1918  - Freddie Stowers, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1896)
• 1920  - Yu Gwansun, Korean Independence Activist (b. 1902)^[88]
• 1925  - Paul Vermoyal, French actor (b. 1888)
• 1935  - William Kennedy Dickson, French-Scottish actor, director, and producer, invented the Kinetoscope (b. 1860)
• 1938  - Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (b. 1861)
• 1941  - Marion Miley, American golfer, ranked No. 1 in the United States (b. 1914)
• 1943  - Sam Ruben, American chemist and academic (b. 1913)
• 1943  - Filippo Illuminato, Italian partisan, Gold Medal of Military Valour (b. 1930)^[89]
• 1949  - Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens (b. 1881)
• 1953  - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer and scholar (b. 1889)
• 1956  - William Boeing, American businessman, founded the Boeing Company (b. 1881)
• 1957  - Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan violinist and composer (b. 1888)
• 1959  - Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (b. 1901)
• 1962  - Roger Nimier, French soldier and author (b. 1925)
• 1964  - Harpo Marx, American comedian, actor, and singer (b. 1888)
• 1966  - André Breton, French author and poet (b. 1896)
• 1970  - John Dos Passos, American novelist, poet, essayist, and playwright (b. 1896)
• 1970  - Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egyptian colonel and politician, 2nd President of Egypt (b. 1918)
• 1978  - Pope John Paul I (b. 1912)
• 1979  - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist and engineer (b. 1921)
• 1981  - Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan journalist and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1908)
• 1982  - Mabel Albertson, American actress (b. 1901)
• 1984  - Cihad Baban, Turkish journalist, author, and politician (b. 1911)
• 1989  - Ferdinand Marcos, Filipino lawyer and politician, 10th President of the Philippines (b. 1917)
• 1990  - Larry O'Brien, American businessman and politician, 57th United States Postmaster General (b. 1917)
• 1991  - Miles Davis, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (b. 1926)
• 1993  - Peter De Vries, American editor and novelist (b. 1910)
• 1993  - Alexander A. Drabik, American sergeant (b. 1910)
• 1994  - Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (b. 1953)
• 1994  - José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Guerrero (b. 1946)
• 1994  - Harry Saltzman, Canadian production manager and producer (b. 1915)
• 1994  - K. A. Thangavelu, Indian film actor and comedian (b. 1917)
• 1999  - Escott Reid, Canadian academic and diplomat (b. 1905)
• 2000  - Pierre Trudeau, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1919)
• 2002  - Patsy Mink, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
• 2002  - Hartland Molson, Canadian captain and politician (b. 1907)
• 2003  - Althea Gibson, American tennis player and golfer (b. 1927)
• 2003  - Elia Kazan, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
• 2003  - George Odlum, Saint Lucian politician and diplomat (b. 1934)
• 2004  - Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (b. 1924)
• 2005  - Constance Baker Motley, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1921)
• 2007  - René Desmaison, French mountaineer (b. 1930)
• 2007  - Wally Parks, American businessman, founded the National Hot Rod Association (b. 1913)
• 2009  - Guillermo Endara, Panamanian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Panama (b. 1936)
• 2009  - Ulf Larsson, Swedish actor and director (b. 1956)
• 2010  - Kurt Albert, German mountaineer and photographer (b. 1954)
• 2010  - Arthur Penn, American director and producer (b. 1922)
• 2010  - Dolores Wilson, American soprano and actress (b. 1928)^[90]
• 2012  - Avraham Adan, Israeli general (b. 1926)
• 2012  - Chris Economaki, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1920)
• 2012  - Brajesh Mishra, Indian politician and diplomat, 1st Indian National Security Advisor (b. 1928)
• 2013  - James Emanuel, American-French poet and scholar (b. 1921)
• 2013  - Jonathan Fellows-Smith, South African cricketer and rugby player (b. 1932)
• 2013  - George Amon Webster, American singer and pianist (b. 1945)
• 2014  - Dannie Abse, Welsh physician, poet, and author (b. 1923)
• 2014  - Joseph H. Alexander, American colonel and historian (b. 1938)
• 2014  - Sheila Faith, English dentist and politician (b. 1928)
• 2014  - Tim Rawlings, English footballer and manager (b. 1932)
• 2014  - Petr Skoumal, Czech pianist and composer (b. 1938)
• 2015  - Alexander Faris, Irish composer and conductor (b. 1921)
• 2015  - Walter Dale Miller, American rancher and politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1925)
• 2015  - Ignacio Zoco, Spanish footballer (b. 1939)
• 2016  - Agnes Nixon, American television writer and director (b. 1922)
• 2016  - Gary Glasberg, American television writer and producer (b. 1966)
• 2016  - Shimon Peres, Polish-Israeli statesman and politician, 9th President of Israel (b. 1923)
• 2016  - Gloria Naylor, American novelist (b. 1950)
• 2017  - Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television host and newsreader (b. 1943)
• 2018  - Predrag Ejdus, Serbian actor (b. 1947)
• 2019  - José José, Mexican musician and singer (b. 1948)
• 2022  - Coolio, American rapper (b. 1963)^[91]
• 2024  - Winfield Dunn, American politician, 43rd Governor of Tennessee (b. 1927)^[92]
• 2024  - Drake Hogestyn, American actor (b. 1953)^[93]
• 2024  - Kris Kristofferson, American singer, songwriter, and actor (b. 1936)^[94]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Aaron of Auxerre
  • Annemund
  • Chariton the Confessor^[95]
  • Conval
  • Eustochium
  • Exuperius
  • Faustus of Riez
  • John of Dukla
  • Leoba
  • Lorenzo Ruiz
  • Paternus of Auch
  • Richard Rolle, Walter Hilton and Margery Kempe (Episcopal Church (USA))
  • Simón de Rojas
  • Wenceslas
  • September 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Czech Statehood Day (Czech Republic)
  • Freedom from Hunger Day International Day for Universal Access to Information^[96]
• National Day of Awareness and Unity against Child Pornography (Philippines)
• Teachers' Day (Taiwan and Chinese-Filipino schools in the Philippines), ceremonies dedicated to Confucius are also observed.
• World Rabies Day (International)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on September 28 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Book: David L. Vagi. Coinage and History of the Roman Empire, C. 82 B.C.–A.D. 480: History. 2000. Taylor & Francis. 978-1-57958-316-3. 53.
2. Book: Kelly . J.N.D. . The Oxford Dictionary of Popes . registration . 1986 . Oxford University Press . Oxford . 16. 978-0-19-213964-1 .
3. • Book: Omissi, Adrastos . Emperors and Usurpers in the Later Roman Empire: Civil War, Panegyric, and the Construction of Legitimacy . Oxford University Press . 2018. 168.
4. • Book: Bates, David . David Bates (historian) . William the Conqueror . Tempus . Stroud, UK . 2001 . 978-0-7524-1980-0. 79–89.
5. • Book: Engel, Pál . Pál Engel . 2001 . The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 . I.B. Tauris Publishers . 1-86064-061-3. 91.
6. • James I. of Aragon.
7. Book: Hattendorf. John. King. Ernest. Naval Strategy and Power in the Mediterranean: Past, Present and Future. 25 November 2015. 2013. Routledge. 978-1-136-71317-0. 6.
8. Book: Daniel, Clifton. Chronicle of America. Chronicle publication. 1989. 28. 0-13-133745-9.
9. Book: Calvin C. . Jillson . Rick K. . Wilson . Congressional Dynamics: Structure, Coordination, and Choice in the First American Congress, 1774–1789 . Stanford . Stanford University Press . 1994 . 76–80 . 0-8047-2293-5 .
10. Book: Davis, Burke . The Campaign that Won America . New York . . 2007 . 978-0836853933 .
11. Book: Maier, Pauline . Pauline Maier . Ratification: The People Debate the Constitution, 1787–1788 . Simon & Schuster . 2010 . New York . 9780684868547. 54–58.
12. Web site: Ponen al alcance documentos de la independencia. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110923185544/http://www.inah.gob.mx/index.php/boletines/245-acervos/5242-ponen-al-alcance-documentos-de-la-independencia . September 23, 2011 . dead . Azteca 21 . March 24, 2014 .
13. Book: Dixon . Jeffrey S. . A Guide to Intra-state Wars: An Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816–2014 . Sarkees . Meredith Reid . 2015 . CQ Press . 978-1-5063-1798-4 . 274 . en.
14. Web site: Lei do Ventre Livre . 2023-09-26 . mapa.an.gov.br.
15. Web site: 1st meeting of the CGPM. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. 9 January 2024.
16. News: Good Night . The Washington Post. November 18, 2006.
17. Web site: Jungle Patrol 2: Remember Balangiga. March 29, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080510141323/http://www.bakbakan.com/junglep/jp-2.html. May 10, 2008. dead.
18. News: 18,000 loyalists expected for 'Ulster Day' march to commemorate UVF formation. Belfasttelegraph . www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
19. Book: Kennedy . Betty R. . September 1987 . Preface . An Illustrated History of Scott Air Force Base, 1917–1987 . en . . . i–v . 87602583 . 2019-05-30.
20. Book: Sonhaus, L. . World War One: The Global Revolution . Cambridge University Press . 2011 . 978-0-521-51648-8. 429.
21. Web site: How a white mob lynched a Black man, destroyed a city – and got away with it . The Guardian . 21 September 2024 . 9 July 2021.
22. Web site: First round-the-world flight. National Museum of the United States Air Force. 8 July 2009. 14 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20130702114139/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=751. 2 July 2013. dead.
23. Book: Haven, Kendall F.. Marvels of Science : 50 Fascinating 5-Minute Reads. Libraries Unlimited. Littleton, Colo. 1994. 182. 1-56308-159-8.
24. Book: Davies, Norman . Europe: a History . Norman Davies . 2008 . 1996 . Oxford University Press, Pan Macmillan . 978-0-19-820171-7 . 1001, 1004 .
25. Book: Андоновски, Христо. Јужна Македонија од античките до денешните Македонци. Македонска книга. 1995. 86-369-0282-7. Скопје. 164–172.
26. News: Pennington . Bill . September 11, 2011 . Ted Williams's .406 Is More Than a Number . The New York Times.
27. Book: Para-TV Color Sets To Go On Sale Soon. Billboard. 6 October 1951. 6.
28. Book: Chapter 18: The United Arab Republic (Al-Gumhuriyah al-Arabiyah al-Muttahidah) . Middle East Record Volume 2, 1961 . Jerusalem, Israel . https://books.google.com/books?id=vzZ71Eh5QvMC&pg=PA577 . 19 May 2021 . 1st . English . Jerusalem . The Moshe Dayan Center/Reuven Shiloah Research Center (Tel Aviv University)/Israel Program for Scientific Translations/Israel Oriental Society (University of Jerusalem)/The Jerusalem Post Press/Gano Press . 1961 . II . Google Books . Yitzhak . Oron . Aryeh . Shmuelevitz . Uriel . Dann . Naomi . Amzalak . Shmuel . Avi-Ad . Rony . Gabbay . Yosef . Luntz . Yenoshua . Porat . Aryeh . Unger . Rivka . Yadlin . Elath . Eliahu . 577–692 . 19956240 .
29. Web site: Nasser's death, 50 years on. Martin. Kramer. 29 September 2020.
30. News: I.T.T. office here damaged by bomb. The New York Times. 29 September 1973. 20 April 2010. Paul L.. Montgomery.
31. Book: Mark, Robert. Robert Mark

    . Robert Mark. In the Office of Constable. 1978. Collins. London. 978-0-00-216032-2. registration. 188.

32. News: Lu. Lu Hsin-hui. Kuo. Chung-han. DPP should clarify its cross-strait policy: founding member. 29 September 2016. Central News Agency. 28 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001032028/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aipl/201609280026.aspx. 1 October 2016.
33. Web site: Estonia ferry disaster: TV crew uncovers new evidence . BBC News . 29 September 2020 . 29 September 2020.
34. News: Suzanne Goldenberg . Rioting as Sharon visits Islam holy site . . 29 September 2000 . 28 September 2014 . Suzanne Goldenberg . 11 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141111222135/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/sep/29/israel . live .
35. News: 0362-4331 . Schwartz . John . Private Company Launches Its Rocket Into Orbit . . 29 September 2008 . 29 September 2008 .
36. News: 2008-09-28. Alonso steals Singapore win from 15th on grid. GPUpdate.net. 2011-01-29.
37. Web site: Crashgate explained. 2021-05-17. ESPN UK. en.
38. News: 'Dozens killed' at Guinea protest . 28 September 2009. BBC News. 2009-09-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20090929195105/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8279103.stm. 29 September 2009 . live.
39. News: Somali militant base of Kismayo attacked by Kenyan forces . . 28 September 2012 . 28 September 2012.
40. Web site: 2013-08-26 . Sita Air Pvt. Ltd., Nepal, Aircraft (9N-AHA, DO-228), 28th September, 2012, at 420 m south-east of the threshold of Runway 02 of Tribhuvan International Airport, Kathmandu, Nepal . 2020-11-04 . Aircraft Accident Investigation Commission, Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal.
41. Book: Kong, Tsung-gan. Umbrella; A Political Tale from Hong Kong. 2017. Pema Press. United States. 9780997238532.
42. News: Thousands still without power as wild weather continues . . 28 September 2016 . 30 September 2016.
43. Web site: Earthquake and tsunami in Sulawesi, Indonesia – at least 844 people killed. 28 September 2018. 28 September 2018. 28 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180928133410/https://earthquake-report.com/2018/09/28/massive-earthquake-minahassa-peninsula-sulawesi-september-28-2018/. dead.
44. News: Florida faces grim reality: Hurricane Ian is deadliest storm in state since 1935. AccuWeather. Finch. Allison. October 3, 2022. October 4, 2022. October 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221004151449/https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/florida-faces-grim-reality-hurricane-ian-is-deadliest-storm-in-state-since-1935/1257775. live.
45. Web site: Waarlo . Niels . Dit weten we over de beschietingen in Rotterdam . . 28 September 2023 . 29 September 2023 . nl . 29 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929141715/https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/lees-hier-het-liveblog-over-de-dodelijke-schietpartijen-in-rotterdam-terug~b0b55e96/ . live .
46. Book: Huang. Yong. Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed. 2013. A&C Black. 978-1-4411-9653-8. 3.
47. Book: Trevor-Roper, Hugh . Europe's Physician: The Various Life of Sir Theodore de Mayerne . New Haven . Yale University Press . 2006 . 9780300112634 . 17 .
48. Web site: History of Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton - GOV.UK . www.gov.uk . 25 June 2023 . en.
49. Book: Brück, Mary T.. Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy: Stars and Satellites. Dordrecht. Springer. 2009. 157. 978-9-04812-472-5.
50. Web site: French Family of Frenchpark, and Cloonshanville Priory. French Family Association. 14 May 2013.
51. Book: Commire . Anne . Women of World History . Detroit . Gale . 2001 . 10 . 978-0-7876-4069-9 . 357 . registration .
52. Book: Robinson, Wilhelmena S. . 1968 . Historical Negro Biographies . . New York . 9780877812036 . 68002920 . 1035607110 . . International Library of Negro Life and History . 59.
53. Web site: James Edwin Campbell . 2020 . . May 25, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200525145119/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/james-edwin-campbell . May 25, 2020.
54. Book: Pickens . Jordan D. . Pickens . Calee M. . 2019 . Historic Tales of Meigs County, Ohio . Arcadia Publishing, History Press . . 9781467144254 . 1111380575 . . June 7, 2020 . June 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200617144935/https://books.google.com/books?id=hh-7DwAAQBAJ . live . 79.
55. Book: Boucrout. Marc. Ennaji . Moha . Culture berbère (amazighe) et cultures méditerrannéeennes: Le vivre-ensemble . 9 July 2020 . Karthala Editions . 978-2-8111-2574-5 . 195–202 . 3 September 2024 . fr.
56. Web site: Freyne. Catherine . McKenzie, Violet . 2010 . Dictionary of Sydney . Dictionary of Sydney Trust . 9 July 2019.
57. Book: Grinstein . Louise S. . Campbell . Paul J. . Women of Mathematics : a Biobibliographic Sourcebook . New York . Greenwood Press . 1987 . 978-0-3132-4849-8 . 41 .
58. Web site: Famous birthdays for Sept. 28: Mira Sorvino, Dita Von Teese . . 27 September 2023 . 28 September 2022.
59. Book: Lentz, Harris M. . Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2014 . Jefferson NC . McFarland & Company . 2015 . 978-0-7864-7666-4 . 344.
60. Web site: Ex-chief justice Wee dies at 87. The Star. 6 June 2005. 28 July 2020.
61. Encyclopedia: Liv Dommersnes . Lillian . Bikset . . 22 August 2023 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 16 March 2024.
62. News: 18 June 2020. Oud-premier Jules Sedney overleden. nl. De Ware Tijd. 19 June 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231251/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/06/18/oud-premier-jules-sedney-overleden/. 2021-03-02.
63. Book: Contemporary. Contemporary Books. Chase's Annual Events: The Day-By-Day Directory to 1994. 1993. Contemporary books. 978-0-8092-3732-6. 388.
64. Web site: Charley Taylor . . 27 September 2023.
65. Web site: Johnny Dawkins . . 27 September 2023.
66. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for September 28, 2022 includes celebrities Naomi Watts, Hilary Duff . . . 27 September 2023 . 28 September 2022.
67. Book: The Virgin Encyclopedia of Dance Music. Colin Larkin. Colin Larkin (writer). Virgin Books. 1998. 1st. 0-7535-0252-6. 34/5.
68. Web site: Bonzi Wells Stats. 2020-10-08. Basketball-Reference.com. en.
69. Web site: Marin Cilic Overview ATP Tour Tennis . 2022-10-21 . ATP Tour.
70. Web site: Jason Jordan . . 27 September 2023 . 29 July 2016.
71. Web site: Celebrating this birthday with the greatest gift.. Olivia Jordan. September 28, 2021. 2 October 2023.
72. Web site: Cagla Buyukakcay Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
73. Web site: Eddie Rosario . . 27 September 2023.
74. Web site: Paula Ormaechea Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-21 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
75. Web site: Juancho Hernangomez . . 27 September 2023.
76. Web site: Caleb Martin . . 27 September 2023.
77. Web site: Cody Martin . . 27 September 2023.
78. Web site: Aiden Moffat. 2020-09-27. British Touring Car Championship.
79. Web site: WTAtennis.com Profile: Panna Udvardy. Women's Tennis Association. 17 October 2022.
80. Web site: Kayla Day Player Stats & More – WTA Official . 2022-10-20 . Women's Tennis Association . en.
81. Web site: Hebrew Calendar.
82. Book: Kleinhenz . Christopher . Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia . 2004 . Routledge . 978-1-135-94880-1 . 492 . en.
83. Book: János M. . Bak . László . Veszprémy . Norbert . Kersken . Chronica de gestis Hungarorum e codice picto saec. XIV. . The Illuminated Chronicle: Chronicle of the deeds of the Hungarians from the fourteenth-century illuminated codex . Budapest . Central European University Press . 2018 . 978-9-6338-6264-3 . 321.
84. Book: Schematismus des Erzbistums Bamberg (Schematism of the Archdiocese of Bamberg) . 1876 . Archdiocese of Bamberg . Bamberg . 28 .
85. Book: Lee. Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 1894. Macmillan and Co.. New York. XXXIX. 436.
86. News: September 29, 1902. Hon. J. M. Moore Died at his Home in Edna . live . The Houston Daily Post. XVIIIth Year . 178 . University of North Texas. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028231512/https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth83479/m1/5/?q=moore. October 28, 2023. October 28, 2023.
87. Book: Thomas . Edward . Lafcadio Hearn . 1912 . 87 . Boston and New York . Houghton Mifflin Co..
88. News: Kang . Inyoung . 2018-03-29 . Overlooked No More: Yu Gwan-sun, a Korean Independence Activist Who Defied Japanese Rule . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-09-28 . 0362-4331.
89. Web site: Illuminato Filippo . . it . 19 April 2019.
90. Book: Lentz, Harris M. . Obituaries in the Performing Arts 2010 . MacFarlane . Jefferson NC . 2011 . 978-0-7864-4175-4 . 452.
91. Web site: 'Gangsta's Paradise' rapper Coolio dies at age 59 . . 29 September 2022 .
92. Web site: Winfield Dunn, 43rd Governor of Tennessee, Passes Away . 2024-09-29 . www.tn.gov . en.
93. Web site: 2024-09-30 . Drake Hogestyn, 'Days of Our Lives' star, dies at 70 . 2024-10-01 . AP News . en.
94. Web site: Kris Kristofferson, Country Music Legend and 'A Star Is Born' Leading Man, Dies at 88. Chris. Morris. Variety. September 29, 2024.
95. Web site: Venerable Chariton the Confessor, Abbot of Palestine . Orthodox Church in America . The Orthodox Church in America . 6 October 2023.
96. Web site: International Days . www.un.org . 2 January 2021 . en . 6 January 2015.