April 28 Explained
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1611 - Establishment of the Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines, the largest Catholic university in the world.
- 1625 - A combined Spanish and Portuguese fleet of 52 ships commences the recapture of Bahia from the Dutch during the Dutch–Portuguese War.[2]
- 1758 - The Marathas defeat the Afghans in the Battle of Attock and capture the city.[3]
- 1788 - Maryland becomes the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution.
- 1789 - Mutiny on the Bounty: Lieutenant William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift, and the rebel crew returns to Tahiti briefly before setting sail for Pitcairn Island.
- 1792 - France invades the Austrian Netherlands (present day Belgium and Luxembourg), beginning the French Revolutionary Wars.
- 1794 - Sardinians, headed by Giovanni Maria Angioy, start a revolution against the Savoy domination, expelling Viceroy Balbiano and his officials from Cagliari, the capital and largest city of the island.
- 1796 - The Armistice of Cherasco is signed by Napoleon Bonaparte and Vittorio Amedeo III, King of Sardinia, expanding French territory along the Mediterranean coast.
- 1859 - The sailing clipper ship Pomona wrecked on the coast of Ireland with the loss of 424 of the 448 passengers and crew aboard.[4]
- 1869 - Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First transcontinental railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
- 1881 - Billy the Kid escapes from the Lincoln County jail in Mesilla, New Mexico.
- 1887 - A week after being arrested by the Prussian Secret Police, French police inspector Guillaume Schnaebelé is released on order of William I, German Emperor, defusing a possible war.
1901–present
- 1910 - Frenchman Louis Paulhan wins the 1910 London to Manchester air race, the first long-distance aeroplane race in the United Kingdom.
- 1920 - The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic is founded.
- 1923 - Wembley Stadium is opened, named initially as the Empire Stadium.
- 1930 - The Independence Producers host the first night game in the history of Organized Baseball in Independence, Kansas.
- 1937 - South African medical researcher Max Theiler develops the yellow fever vaccine at the Rockefeller Foundation in New York.[5]
- 1941 - The Ustaše massacre nearly 200 Serbs in the village of Gudovac, the first massacre of their genocidal campaign against Serbs of the Independent State of Croatia.
- 1944 - World War II: Nine German E-boats attack US and UK units during Exercise Tiger, the rehearsal for the Normandy landings, killing 946.
- 1945 - Benito Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci are shot dead by Walter Audisio, a member of the Italian resistance movement.
- 1945 - The Holocaust: Nazi Germany carries out its final use of gas chambers to execute 33 Upper Austrian socialist and communist leaders in Mauthausen concentration camp.[6]
- 1947 - Thor Heyerdahl and five crew mates set out from Peru on the Kon-Tiki to demonstrate that Peruvian natives could have settled Polynesia.
- 1948 - Igor Stravinsky conducts the premiere of his American ballet, Orpheus at the New York City Center.
- 1949 - The Hukbalahap are accused of assassinating former First Lady of the Philippines Aurora Quezon, while she is en route to dedicate a hospital in memory of her late husband; her daughter and ten others are also killed.
- 1952 - Dwight D. Eisenhower resigns as Supreme Allied Commander of NATO in order to campaign in the 1952 United States presidential election.
- 1952 - The Treaty of San Francisco comes into effect, restoring Japanese sovereignty and ending its state of war with most of the Allies of World War II.
- 1952 - The Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty (Treaty of Taipei) is signed in Taipei, Taiwan between Japan and the Republic of China to officially end the Second Sino-Japanese War.
- 1965 - United States occupation of the Dominican Republic: American troops land in the Dominican Republic to "forestall establishment of a Communist dictatorship" and to evacuate US Army troops.
- 1967 - Vietnam War: Boxer Muhammad Ali refuses his induction into the United States Army and is subsequently stripped of his championship and license.
- 1969 - Charles de Gaulle resigns as President of France.
- 1970 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon formally authorizes American combat troops to take part in the Cambodian campaign.
- 1973 - The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd, recorded in Abbey Road Studios goes to number one on the US Billboard chart, beginning a record-breaking 741-week chart run.
- 1975 - General Cao Văn Viên, chief of the South Vietnamese military, departs for the US as the North Vietnamese Army closes in on victory.[7]
- 1977 - The Red Army Faction trial ends, with Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin and Jan-Carl Raspe found guilty of four counts of murder and more than 30 counts of attempted murder.
- 1978 - The President of Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud Khan, is overthrown and assassinated in a coup led by pro-communist rebels.[8]
- 1983 - The West German news magazine Stern begins publishing excerpts from the purported diaries of Adolf Hitler, later revealed to be forgeries.[9]
- 1986 - High levels of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster are detected at Forsmark Nuclear Power Plant in Sweden, leading Soviet authorities to publicly announce the accident.[10]
- 1988 - Near Maui, Hawaii, flight attendant Clarabelle "C.B." Lansing is blown out of Aloha Airlines Flight 243, a Boeing 737, and falls to her death when part of the plane's fuselage rips open in mid-flight.
- 1994 - Former Central Intelligence Agency counterintelligence officer and analyst Aldrich Ames pleads guilty to giving US secrets to the Soviet Union and later Russia.
- 1996 - Whitewater controversy: President Bill Clinton gives a 4 hour videotaped testimony for the defense.
- 1996 - Port Arthur massacre, Tasmania: A gunman, Martin Bryant, opens fire at the Broad Arrow Cafe in Port Arthur, Tasmania, killing 35 people and wounding 23 others.
- 2004 - CBS News releases evidence of the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse. The photographs show rape and abuse from the American troops over Iraqi detainees.
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1604 - Joris Jansen Rapelje, Dutch settler in colonial North America (d. 1662)
- 1623 - Wilhelmus Beekman, Dutch politician (d. 1707)
- 1630 - Charles Cotton, English poet and author (d. 1687)
- 1676 - Frederick I, prince consort and king of Sweden (d. 1751)
- 1715 - Franz Sparry, Austrian composer and educator (d. 1767)
- 1758 - James Monroe, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 5th President of the United States (d. 1831)
- 1761 - Marie Harel, French cheesemaker (d. 1844)
- 1765 - Sylvestre François Lacroix, French mathematician and academic (d. 1834)
- 1819 - Ezra Abbot, American scholar and academic (d. 1884)
- 1827 - William Hall, Canadian soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1904)
- 1838 - Tobias Asser, Dutch lawyer and scholar, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1913)
- 1848 - Ludvig Schytte, Danish pianist, composer, and educator (d. 1909)
- 1854 - Hertha Marks Ayrton, Polish-British engineer, mathematician, and physicist. (d. 1923)[11]
- 1855 - José Malhoa, Portuguese painter (d. 1933)
- 1863 - Josiah Thomas, English-Australian miner and politician, 7th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (d. 1933)
- 1863 - Nikolai von Meck, Russian engineer (d. 1929)
- 1865 - Charles W. Woodworth, American entomologist and academic (d. 1940)
- 1868 - Lucy Booth, English composer (d. 1953)
- 1868 - Georgy Voronoy, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and academic (d. 1908)
- 1874 - Karl Kraus, Austrian journalist and author (d. 1936)
- 1874 - Sidney Toler, American actor and director (d. 1947)
- 1876 - Nicola Romeo, Italian engineer and businessman (d. 1938)
- 1878 - Lionel Barrymore, American actor and director (d. 1954)
- 1886 - Erich Salomon, German-born news photographer (d. 1944)
- 1886 - Art Shaw, American hurdler (d. 1955)
- 1888 - Walter Tull, English footballer and soldier (d. 1918)
- 1889 - António de Oliveira Salazar, Portuguese economist and politician, 100th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1970)
- 1896 - Na Hye-sok, South Korean journalist, poet, and painter (d. 1948)
- 1896 - Tristan Tzara, Romanian-French poet and critic (d. 1963)[12]
- 1897 - Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician, Head of State of the People's Republic of China (d. 1986)
- 1900 - Alice Berry, Australian activist (d. 1978)[13]
- 1900 - Heinrich Müller, German SS officer (d. 1945)[14]
- 1900 - Jan Oort, Dutch astronomer and academic (d. 1992)[15]
1901–present
- 1901 - H. B. Stallard, English runner and surgeon (d. 1973)
- 1902 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (d. 1979)
- 1906 - Kurt Gödel, Czech-American mathematician, philosopher, and academic (d. 1978)
- 1906 - Paul Sacher, Swiss conductor and philanthropist (d. 1999)
- 1908 - Ethel Catherwood, American-Canadian high jumper and javelin thrower (d. 1987)
- 1908 - Jack Fingleton, Australian cricketer, journalist, and sportscaster (d. 1981)
- 1908 - Oskar Schindler, Czech-German businessman (d. 1974)
- 1909 - Arthur Võõbus, Estonian-American theologist and orientalist (d. 1988)
- 1910 - Sam Merwin, Jr., American author (d. 1996)
- 1911 - Lee Falk, American director, producer, and playwright (d. 1999)
- 1912 - Odette Hallowes, French soldier and spy (d. 1995)
- 1912 - Kaneto Shindō, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
- 1913 - Rose Murphy, American singer (d. 1989)
- 1914 - Michel Mohrt, French author, historian (d. 2011)
- 1916 - Ferruccio Lamborghini, Italian businessman, created Lamborghini (d. 1993)
- 1917 - Robert Cornthwaite, American actor (d. 2006)
- 1921 - Rowland Evans, American soldier, journalist, and author (d. 2001)
- 1921 - Simin Daneshvar, Iranian author and academic (d. 2012)
- 1923 - Carolyn Cassady, American author (d. 2013)
- 1923 - William Guarnere, American sergeant (d. 2014)
- 1924 - Dick Ayers, American author and illustrator (d. 2014)
- 1924 - Blossom Dearie, American singer and pianist (d. 2009)
- 1924 - Kenneth Kaunda, Zambian educator and politician, first president of Zambia (d. 2021)[16]
- 1925 - T. John Lesinski, American judge and politician, 51st Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (d. 1996)
- 1925 - John Leonard Thorn, English lieutenant, author, and academic (d. 2023)
- 1926 - James Bama, American artist and illustrator (d. 2022)
- 1926 - Bill Blackbeard, American historian and author (d. 2011)
- 1926 - Harper Lee, American novelist (d. 2016)[17]
- 1926 - Hulusi Sayın, Turkish general (d. 1991)
- 1928 - Yves Klein, French painter (d. 1962)
- 1928 - Eugene Merle Shoemaker, American geologist and astronomer (d. 1997)
- 1930 - James Baker, American lawyer and politician, 61st United States Secretary of State
- 1930 - Carolyn Jones, American actress (d. 1983)
- 1933 - Miodrag Radulovacki, Serbian-American neuropharmacologist and academic (d. 2014)
- 1934 - Lois Duncan, American journalist and author (d. 2016)
- 1935 - Pedro Ramos, Cuban baseball player
- 1936 - Tariq Aziz, Iraqi journalist and politician, Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2015)
- 1937 - Saddam Hussein, Iraqi general and politician, 5th President of Iraq (d. 2006)
- 1937 - Jean Redpath, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2014)
- 1937 - John White, Scottish international footballer (d. 1964)[18]
- 1938 - Madge Sinclair, Jamaican-American actress (d. 1995)
- 1941 - Ann-Margret, Swedish-American actress, singer, and dancer
- 1941 - Lucien Aimar, French cyclist
- 1941 - John Madejski, English businessman and academic
- 1941 - Karl Barry Sharpless, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1941 - Iryna Zhylenko, Ukrainian poet and author (d. 2013)
- 1942 - Mike Brearley, English cricketer and psychoanalyst
- 1943 - Aryeh Bibi, Iraqi-born Israeli politician
- 1944 - Elizabeth LeCompte, American director and producer
- 1944 - Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician, 10th Minister-President of Wallonia
- 1944 - Alice Waters, American chef and author
- 1946 - Nour El-Sherif, Egyptian actor and producer (d. 2015)
- 1946 - Ginette Reno, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress
- 1946 - Larissa Grunig, American theorist and activist
- 1947 - Steve Khan, American jazz guitarist
- 1948 - Terry Pratchett, English journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
- 1948 - Marcia Strassman, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
- 1949 - Jeremy Cooke, English lawyer and judge
- 1949 - Paul Guilfoyle, American actor
- 1949 - Bruno Kirby, American actor and director (d. 2006)
- 1950 - Willie Colón, Puerto Rican-American trombonist and producer
- 1950 - Jay Leno, American comedian, talk show host, and producer
- 1950 - Steve Rider, English journalist and sportscaster
- 1951 - Tim Congdon, English economist and politician
- 1951 - Larry Smith, Canadian football player and politician
- 1952 - Chuck Leavell, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
- 1952 - Mary McDonnell, American actress
- 1953 - Roberto Bolaño, Chilean novelist, short-story writer, poet, and essayist (d. 2003)
- 1953 - Kim Gordon, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1953 - Brian Greenhoff, English footballer and coach (d. 2013)
- 1954 - Timothy Curley, American educator
- 1954 - Michael P. Jackson, American politician, 3rd Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security
- 1954 - Vic Sotto, Filipino actor-producer, singer-songwriter, comedian and television personality
- 1954 - Ron Zook, American football player and coach
- 1955 - Saeb Erekat, Chief Palestinian negotiator (d. 2020)[19]
- 1955 - Eddie Jobson, English keyboard player and violinist
- 1956 - Jimmy Barnes, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1958 - Hal Sutton, American golfer
- 1960 - Tom Browning, American baseball player (d. 2022)
- 1960 - Elena Kagan, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
- 1960 - Phil King, English bass player
- 1960 - Ian Rankin, Scottish author
- 1960 - Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strongman and weightlifter (d. 1993)
- 1960 - Walter Zenga, Italian footballer and manager
- 1963 - Lloyd Eisler, Canadian figure skater and coach
- 1963 - Marc Lacroix, Belgian biochemist and academic
- 1964 - Stephen Ames, Trinidadian golfer
- 1964 - Noriyuki Iwadare, Japanese composer
- 1964 - Ajay Kakkar, Baron Kakkar, English surgeon and academic
- 1964 - Barry Larkin, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster
- 1964 - L'Wren Scott, American model and fashion designer (d. 2014)
- 1966 - John Daly, American golfer
- 1966 - Too Short, American rapper, producer and actor
- 1967 - Chris White, English engineer and politician
- 1968 - Petra Bayr, Austrian politician[20]
- 1968 - Howard Donald, English singer-songwriter and producer
- 1968 - Andy Flower, South-African-Zimbabwean cricketer and coach
- 1969 - LeRon Perry Ellis, American basketball player
- 1970 - Richard Fromberg, Australian tennis player
- 1970 - Nicklas Lidström, Swedish ice hockey player and scout
- 1970 - Diego Simeone, Argentinian footballer and manager
- 1971 - Bridget Moynahan, American actress[21]
- 1972 - Violent J, American rapper
- 1972 - Jean-Paul van Gastel, Dutch footballer and manager
- 1973 - Jorge Garcia, American actor and producer
- 1973 - Andrew Mehrtens, South African-New Zealand rugby player
- 1974 - Penélope Cruz, Spanish actress and producer
- 1974 - Margo Dydek, Polish basketball player and coach (d. 2011)
- 1974 - Vernon Kay, English radio and television host
- 1974 - Dominic Matteo, Scottish footballer and journalist
- 1975 - Michael Walchhofer, Austrian skier
- 1977 - Titus O'Neil, American wrestler and football player[22]
- 1978 - Lauren Laverne, English singer and television and radio host
- 1979 - Scott Fujita, American football player and sportscaster
- 1980 - Bradley Wiggins, English cyclist
- 1981 - Jessica Alba, American model and actress
- 1982 - Nikki Grahame, English model and journalist (d. 2021)
- 1982 - Chris Kaman, American basketball player
- 1983 - Josh Brookes, Australian motorcycle racer
- 1983 - David Freese, American baseball player
- 1983 - Roger Johnson, English footballer
- 1983 - Thomas Waldrom, New Zealand-English rugby player
- 1984 - Dmitri Torbinski, Russian footballer
- 1985 - Lucas Jakubczyk, German sprinter and long jumper
- 1985 - Deividas Stagniūnas, Lithuanian ice dancer
- 1986 - Roman Polák, Czech ice hockey player
- 1986 - Jenna Ushkowitz, Korean-American actress, singer, and dancer
- 1987 - Daequan Cook, American basketball player[23]
- 1987 - Drew Gulak, American wrestler[24]
- 1987 - Samantha Ruth Prabhu, Indian actress and model
- 1987 - Bradley Johnson, English footballer
- 1987 - Zoran Tošić, Serbian footballer
- 1988 - Jonathan Biabiany, French footballer
- 1988 - Juan Mata, Spanish footballer
- 1989 - Emil Salomonsson, Swedish footballer
- 1989 - Kim Sung-kyu, South Korean singer
- 1992 - Blake Bortles, American football player
- 1992 - DeMarcus Lawrence, American football player
- 1993 - Matt Chapman, American baseball player[25]
- 1993 - Eva Samková, Czech snowboarder
- 1994 - Jakob Butturff, American bowler[26]
- 1995 - Connor Clifton, American ice hockey player[27]
- 1995 - Melanie Martinez, American singer
- 1997 - Shane McClanahan, American baseball player[28]
- 1997 - Denzel Ward, American football player[29]
- 1998 - Song Yu-bin, South Korean singer and actor[30]
- 2000 - Victoria De Angelis, Italian musician[31]
- 2001 - Anthony Volpe, American baseball player[32]
Deaths
Pre-1600
- 224 - Artabanus IV of Parthia (b. 191)
- 948 - Hu Jinsi, Chinese general and prefect
- 988 - Adaldag, archbishop of Bremen[33]
- 992 - Jawhar as-Siqilli, Fatimid statesman
- 1109 - Abbot Hugh of Cluny (b. 1024)[34]
- 1192 - Conrad of Montferrat (b. 1140)
- 1197 - Rhys ap Gruffydd, prince of Deheubarth (b. 1132)
- 1257 - Shajar al-Durr, sovereign sultana of Egypt
- 1260 - Luchesius Modestini, founding member of the Third Order of St. Francis
- 1400 - Baldus de Ubaldis, Italian jurist (b. 1327)
- 1489 - Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, English politician (b. 1449)
- 1533 - Nicholas West, English bishop and diplomat (b. 1461)
1601–1900
- 1643 - Francisco de Lucena, Portuguese politician (b. 1578)
- 1710 - Thomas Betterton, English actor and manager (b. 1630)
- 1716 - Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (b. 1673)
- 1726 - Thomas Pitt, English merchant and politician (b. 1653)
- 1741 - Magnus Julius De la Gardie, Swedish general and politician (b. 1668)
- 1772 - Johann Friedrich Struensee, German physician and politician (b. 1737)
- 1781 - Cornelius Harnett, American merchant, farmer, and politician (b. 1723)
- 1813 - Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (b. 1745)
- 1816 - Johann Heinrich Abicht, German philosopher, author, and academic (b. 1762)
- 1841 - Peter Chanel, French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1803)
- 1853 - Ludwig Tieck, German author and poet (b. 1773)
- 1858 - Johannes Peter Müller, German physiologist and anatomist (b. 1801)
- 1865 - Samuel Cunard, Canadian-English businessman, founded Cunard Line (b. 1787)
- 1881 - Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (b. 1818)
- 1883 - John Russell, English hunter and dog breeder (b. 1795)
1901–present
- 1902 - Cyprien Tanguay, Canadian priest and historian (b. 1819)
- 1903 - Josiah Willard Gibbs, American scientist (b. 1839)[35]
- 1905 - Fitzhugh Lee, American general and politician, 40th Governor of Virginia (b. 1835)
- 1921 - Maurice Moore (Irish republican), executed member of the Irish Republican Army (b. 1894)[36]
- 1925 - Richard Butler, English-Australian politician, 23rd Premier of South Australia (b. 1850)
- 1928 - May Jordan McConnel, Australian trade unionist and suffragist (b. 1860)[37]
- 1929 - Hendrik van Heuckelum, Dutch footballer (b. 1879)
- 1936 - Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868)
- 1939 - Anne Walter Fearn, American physician (b. 1867)[38]
- 1944 - Mohammed Alim Khan, Manghud ruler (b. 1880)
- 1944 - Frank Knox, American journalist and politician, 46th United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1874)
- 1945 - Roberto Farinacci, Italian soldier and politician (b. 1892)
- 1945 - Hermann Fegelein, German general (b. 1906)
- 1945 - Benito Mussolini, Italian journalist and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1883)
- 1946 - Louis Bachelier, French mathematician and academic (b. 1870)
- 1954 - Léon Jouhaux, French union leader, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
- 1956 - Fred Marriott, American race car driver (b. 1872)
- 1957 - Heinrich Bär, German colonel and pilot (b. 1913)
- 1962 - Bennie Osler, South African rugby player (b. 1901)
- 1963 - Wilhelm Weber, German gymnast (b. 1880)
- 1970 - Ed Begley, American actor (b. 1901)
- 1973 - Clas Thunberg, Finnish speed skater (b. 1893)
- 1976 - Richard Hughes, American author and poet (b. 1900)
- 1977 - Ricardo Cortez, American actor (b. 1900)
- 1977 - Sepp Herberger, German footballer and coach (b. 1897)
- 1978 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, Afghan commander and politician, 1st President of Afghanistan (b. 1909)[8]
- 1980 - Tommy Caldwell, American bass player (b. 1949)
- 1987 - Ben Linder, American engineer and activist (b. 1959)
- 1989 - Esa Pakarinen, Finnish actor and musician (b. 1911)[39]
- 1991 - Steve Broidy, American film producer (b. 1905)
- 1992 - Francis Bacon, Irish painter (b. 1909)
- 1993 - Diva Diniz Corrêa, Brazilian zoologist (b. 1918)
- 1993 - Jim Valvano, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1946)
- 1994 - Berton Roueché, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
- 1996 - Lester Sumrall, American minister, founded LeSEA (b. 1913)
- 1997 - Ann Petry, American novelist (b. 1908)
- 1998 - Jerome Bixby, American author and screenwriter (b. 1923)
- 1999 - Rory Calhoun, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1922)
- 1999 - Rolf Landauer, German-American physicist and engineer (b. 1927)
- 1999 - Alf Ramsey, English footballer and manager (b. 1920)
- 1999 - Arthur Leonard Schawlow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
- 2000 - Jerzy Einhorn, Polish-Swedish physician and politician (b. 1925)
- 2000 - Penelope Fitzgerald, English author and poet (b. 1916)
- 2002 - Alexander Lebed, Russian general and politician (b. 1950)
- 2002 - Lou Thesz, American wrestler and trainer (b. 1916)
- 2005 - Percy Heath, American bassist (b. 1923)
- 2005 - Chris Candido, American wrestler (b. 1971)
- 2005 - Taraki Sivaram, Sri Lankan journalist and author (b. 1959)
- 2006 - Steve Howe, American baseball player (b. 1958)
- 2007 - Dabbs Greer, American actor (b. 1917)
- 2007 - René Mailhot, Canadian journalist (b. 1942)
- 2007 - Tommy Newsom, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1929)
- 2007 - Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, German physicist and philosopher (b. 1912)
- 2007 - Bertha Wilson, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and jurist (b. 1923)
- 2009 - Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina and actress (b. 1939)
- 2009 - Richard Pratt, Polish-Australian businessman (b. 1934)
- 2011 - Erhard Loretan, Swiss mountaineer (b. 1959)
- 2012 - Fred Allen, New Zealand rugby player and coach (b. 1920)
- 2012 - Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and author (b. 1919)
- 2012 - Al Ecuyer, American football player (b. 1937)
- 2012 - Patricia Medina, English actress (b. 1919)
- 2012 - Milan N. Popović, Serbian psychiatrist and author (b. 1924)
- 2012 - Aberdeen Shikoyi, Kenyan rugby player (b. 1985)
- 2013 - Brad Lesley, American baseball player (b. 1958)
- 2013 - Fredrick McKissack, American author (b. 1939)
- 2013 - John C. Reynolds, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1935)
- 2013 - Jack Shea, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
- 2013 - János Starker, Hungarian-American cellist and educator (b. 1924)
- 2013 - Paulo Vanzolini, Brazilian singer-songwriter and zoologist (b. 1924)
- 2013 - Bernie Wood, New Zealand journalist and author (b. 1939)
- 2014 - Barbara Fiske Calhoun, American cartoonist and painter (b. 1919)
- 2014 - William Honan, American journalist and author (b. 1930)
- 2014 - Dennis Kamakahi, American guitarist and composer (b. 1953)
- 2014 - Edgar Laprade, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1919)
- 2014 - Jack Ramsay, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1925)
- 2014 - Idris Sardi, Indonesian violinist and composer (b. 1938)
- 2014 - Frederic Schwartz, American architect, co-designed Empty Sky (b. 1951)
- 2014 - Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby player (b. 1981)
- 2015 - Antônio Abujamra, Brazilian actor and director (b. 1932)
- 2015 - Marcia Brown, American author and illustrator (b. 1918)
- 2015 - Michael J. Ingelido, American general (b. 1916)
- 2016 - Jenny Diski, English author and screenwriter (b. 1947)
- 2017 - Mariano Gagnon, American Catholic priest and author (b. 1929)
- 2018 - James Hylton, American race car driver (b. 1934)
- 2019 - Richard Lugar, American politician (b. 1932)[40]
- 2019 - John Singleton, American film director (b. 1968)[41]
- 2021 - Michael Collins, American astronaut (b. 1930)[42]
- 2021 - El Risitas, Spanish comedian (b. 1956)[43]
- 2024 - Brian McCardie, Scottish actor and writer (b. 1965)[44]
Holidays and observances
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Endicott-West, Elizabeth. Imperial Governance in Yüan Times. The History of Mongolia. Volume I: The Pre-Chinggisid Era, Chinggis Khan and the Mongol Empire. Sneath. David. Kaplonski. Christopher. Folkestone, Kent, UK. Global Oriental. 2010. 9781905246366. 495, fn. 60.
- Book: Spector, Robert M.. Frederick Henry. Dictionary of World Biography. Volume 4: The 17th and 18th Centuries. Magill. Frank N.. New York. Routledge. 1999. 0893563161. 502.
- Book: Mehta, Jaswant L. . Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813 . 2005 . New Dawn Press, Inc . 978-1-932705-54-6 . Slough, Berkshire, UK . 61811853.
- News: The late Fearful Wreck off Blackwater. Wexford Constitution. 4. 4 May 1859 . 30 April 2020. British Newspaper Archive. subscription.
- The Yellow Fever Vaccine: A History . ResearchGate . June 2010 . 83 . 77–85 . en. Frierson . J. . 2 . 20589188 . 2892770 .
- Web site: 1945: Key Dates. 2022-01-17. encyclopedia.ushmm.org. en.
- News: St. George. Donna. Cao Van Vien, 1921-2008. The Washington Post. January 2, 2009. April 28, 2019.
- The 1978 Revolution in Afghanistan. Thompson. Larry Clinton. February 2019. American Diplomacy. Eyewitness. 25 August 2021.
- Rentschler. Eric. The Fascination of a Fake: The Hitler Diaries. New German Critique. 90. Autumn 2003. 178. Duke University Press. Durham, NC. 3211115. 10.2307/3211115.
- News: Chernobyl haunts engineer who alerted world. 26 April 1996. Cable News Network, Inc.. CNN Interactive World News. 28 April 2008.
- Book: Haines, Catharine M. C.. International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950. Santa Barbara. ABC-CLIO. 2001. 978-1-57607-090-1. 12.
- Book: Hentea, Marius. TaTa Dada: The Real Life and Celestial Adventures of Tristan Tzara. 2014-09-12. MIT Press. 978-0-262-02754-0. 1–2. en.
- Web site: Taylor. Helen. Dame Alice Miriam Berry (1900–1978) . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152309/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/berry-dame-alice-miriam-9496 . March 5, 2016 . live . Australian Dictionary of Biography . National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
- Book: Adams . Jefferson . Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence . 1 September 2009 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-6320-0 . 308 . en.
- Van De Hulst . Hendrik Christoffel . Jan Hendrik Oort, 28 April 1900 - 5 November 1992 . Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society . November 1994 . 40 . 319–326 . 10.1098/rsbm.1994.0042. 72529108 .
- News: Arnold . Guy . Kenneth Kaunda obituary . . 17 June 2021 . 18 June 2021.
- News: Grimes . William . Harper Lee, Author of 'To Kill a Mockingbird,' Dies at 89 (Published 2016) . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/20/arts/harper-lee-dies.html . 2022-01-01 . limited . 7 February 2021 . The New York Times . 19 February 2016.
- Web site: John White, Spurs: He Enriched the Game. soccerattic.com. 14 April 2020. 28 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200728114154/https://www.soccerattic.com/article/john-white-spurs-he-enriched-the-game/. dead.
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