| Jacob K. Javits Federal Building | |
| Image Alt: | Jacob K. Javits Federal Building |
| Location: | 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY, United States |
| Mapframe-Wikidata: | yes |
| Namesake: | Jacob K. Javits |
| Groundbreaking Date: | 1963 |
| Opened Date: | 1969 |
| Renovation Date: | 1975–77 |
| Destruction Date: | --> |
| Client: | Multiple, including United States Department of Homeland Security |
| Owner: | General Services Administration |
| Floor Count: | 41 |
| Architecture Firm: | Alfred Easton Poor Kahn & Jacobs |
The Jacob K. Javits Federal Office Building is a U.S. governmental office building at 26 Federal Plaza on Foley Square in the Civic Center neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. At 41 stories, it is the tallest federal building in the United States. It was built in 1963–69 and was designed by Alfred Easton Poor and Kahn & Jacobs, with Eggers & Higgins as associate architects. A western addition, first announced on "inadvertently acquired land" in 1965,[1] was built in 1975–77 and was designed by Kahn & Jacobs, The Eggers Partnership and Poor & Swanke.[2] The building is named for Jacob K. Javits, who served as a United States Senator from New York for 24 years, from 1957 to 1981.
The building is assigned its own ZIP Code, 10278; it was one of 41 buildings in Manhattan that had their own ZIP Codes .[3] The building falls under the jurisdiction of the United States Federal Protective Service for any and all law enforcement and protection issues. To the east of the main building is the James L. Watson Court of International Trade Building.
A Gothic style Masonic hall was located at this site between Reade and Pearl Streets from 1826 to 1856, directly across from the original site of the New York Hospital.[4] This served as the home of the Grand Lodge of New York until its demolition.
Agencies located in the building include the Department of Homeland Security, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Social Security Administration, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the Federal Executive Board. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services' New York field office is on the 7th Floor, the Brooklyn field office is on the 8th floor and the Queens field office is on the 9th floor.[5] The Federal Bureau of Investigation's New York field office is on the 23rd floor.[6]
Former President Richard Nixon rented a federal office in the building from 1980 to 1988.[7]
A controversy developed over the artwork by Richard Serra commissioned for the plaza in front of the building, Tilted Arc. Commissioned in 1979 and built in 1981, it was criticized both for its aesthetic values and for security reasons. It was removed in 1989, which resulted in a lawsuit and a trial. The piece remains in storage, as the artwork was site-specific, and the artist does not want it displayed in any other location. The removal and trial led to the creation of the Visual Artists Rights Act of 1990.
After the removal of Tilted Arc, landscape artist Martha Schwartz re-designed the plaza.[8] Other artworks connected with building include A Study in Five Planes/Peace (1965) by Alexander Calder and the Manhattan Sentinels (1996) by Beverly Pepper. In the James L. Watson Court of International Trade can be found Metropolis (1967) by Seymour Fogel and Eagle/Justice Above All Else (1970) by Theodore Roszak.