25-Hydroxycholesterol Explained

25-Hydroxycholesterol is a derivative of cholesterol, which plays a role in various biological processes in humans and other species. It is involved in cholesterol metabolism, antivirus process, inflammatory and immune response, and survival signaling pathway. 25-hydroxycholesterol is biosynthesized from cholesterol by adding a hydroxyl group at the position 25-carbon of a steroid nucleus. This reaction is catalyzed by cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, a family of enzymes that use oxygen and a di-iron cofactor to catalyze hydroxylation reaction.^{[1] [2]}

The CYP3A4 enzyme, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, can catalyze the oxidation of 25-hydroxycholesterol to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, whereas 25-hydroxycholesterol can inhibit CYP4F2 mRNA expression, so that members of the cytochrome P450 family are also involved in the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholesterol besides cholesterol 25-hydroxylase.^[3]

25-hydroxycholesterol has been found in various organisms such as mice, rats, rabbits, and cows. its presence in other species has not been extensively studied.^{[2] [1]}

See also

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Further reading

• Zu . Shulong . Deng . Yong-Qiang . Zhou . Chao . Li . Jie . Li . Lili . Chen . Qi . Li . Xiao-Feng . Zhao . Hui . Gold . Sarah . He . Jun . Li . Xiang . Zhang . Changqing . Yang . Heng . Cheng . Genhong . Qin . Cheng-Feng . 25-Hydroxycholesterol is a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor . Cell Research . November 2020 . 30 . 11 . 1043–1045 . 10.1038/s41422-020-00398-1 . 32811977 . 7431750 . 221146053 . en . 1748-7838.

Notes and References

1. Zhang J, Zhu Y, Wang X, Wang J . 25-hydroxycholesterol: an integrator of antiviral ability and signaling . Front Immunol . 14 . 1268104 . 2023 . 37781400 . 10533924 . 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268104 . free .
2. Cao Q, Liu Z, Xiong Y, Zhong Z, Ye Q . Multiple Roles of 25-Hydroxycholesterol in Lipid Metabolism, Antivirus Process, Inflammatory Response, and Cell Survival . Oxid Med Cell Longev . 2020 . 8893305 . 2020 . 33274010 . 7695496 . 10.1155/2020/8893305 . free .
3. Hsu MH, Savas U, Griffin KJ, Johnson EF . Regulation of human cytochrome P450 4F2 expression by sterol regulatory element-binding protein and lovastatin . J Biol Chem . 282 . 8 . 5225–36 . February 2007 . 17142457 . 10.1074/jbc.M608176200 . free .