April 24 Explained
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
- 1913 - The Woolworth Building, a skyscraper in New York City, is opened.
- 1914 - The Franck–Hertz experiment, a pillar of quantum mechanics, is presented to the German Physical Society.
- 1915 - The arrest of 250 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders in Istanbul marks the beginning of the Armenian genocide.
- 1916 - Easter Rising: Irish rebels, led by Patrick Pearse and James Connolly, launch an uprising in Dublin against British rule and proclaim an Irish Republic.
- 1916 - Ernest Shackleton and five men of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition launch a lifeboat from uninhabited Elephant Island in the Southern Ocean to organise a rescue for the crew of the sunken .
- 1918 - World War I: First tank-to-tank combat, during the second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. Three British Mark IVs meet three German A7Vs.
- 1922 - The first segment of the Imperial Wireless Chain providing wireless telegraphy between Leafield in Oxfordshire, England, and Cairo, Egypt, comes into operation.
- 1924 - Thorvald Stauning becomes premier of Denmark (first term).[5]
- 1926 - The Treaty of Berlin is signed. Germany and the Soviet Union each pledge neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next five years.
- 1932 - Benny Rothman leads the mass trespass of Kinder Scout, leading to substantial legal reforms in the United Kingdom.
- 1933 - Nazi Germany begins its persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses by shutting down the Watch Tower Society office in Magdeburg.
- 1944 - World War II: The SBS launches a raid against the garrison of Santorini in Greece.
- 1953 - Winston Churchill is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
- 1955 - The Bandung Conference ends: Twenty-nine non-aligned nations of Asia and Africa finish a meeting that condemns colonialism, racism, and the Cold War.
- 1957 - Suez Crisis: The Suez Canal is reopened following the introduction of UNEF peacekeepers to the region.
- 1963 - Marriage of Princess Alexandra of Kent to Angus Ogilvy at Westminster Abbey in London.
- 1965 - Civil war breaks out in the Dominican Republic when Colonel Francisco Caamaño overthrows the triumvirate that had been in power since the coup d'état against Juan Bosch.
- 1967 - Cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov dies in Soyuz 1 when its parachute fails to open. He is the first human to die during a space mission.
- 1967 - Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland says in a news conference that the enemy had "gained support in the United States that gives him hope that he can win politically that which he cannot win militarily".
- 1970 - China launches Dong Fang Hong I, becoming the fifth nation to put an object into orbit using its own booster.[6]
- 1970 - The Gambia becomes a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, with Dawda Jawara as its first President.
- 1979 – Blair Peach, a British activist, died after being knocked unconscious during an Anti-Nazi League demonstration against a National Front election meeting in Southall, London.[7]
- 1980 - Eight U.S. servicemen die in Operation Eagle Claw as they attempt to end the Iran hostage crisis.
- 1990 - STS-31: The Hubble Space Telescope is launched from the Space Shuttle Discovery.
- 1990 - Gruinard Island, Scotland, is officially declared free of the anthrax disease after 48 years of quarantine.
- 1993 - An IRA bomb devastates the Bishopsgate area of London.
- 1994 - A Douglas DC-3 ditches in Botany Bay after takeoff from Sydney Airport. All 25 people on board survive.[8]
- 1996 - In the United States, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 is passed into law.
- 2004 - The United States lifts economic sanctions imposed on Libya 18 years previously, as a reward for its cooperation in eliminating weapons of mass destruction.
- 2006 - Bombings in the Egyptian resort city of Dahab kill 23 people and injure about 80.[9]
- 2005 - Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger is inaugurated as the 265th Pope of the Catholic Church taking the name Pope Benedict XVI.
- 2011 - WikiLeaks starts publishing the Guantanamo Bay files leak.
- 2013 - A building collapses near Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing 1,134 people and injuring about 2,500 others.[10] [11]
- 2013 - Violence in Bachu County, Kashgar Prefecture, of China's Xinjiang results in death of 21 people.
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1608 - Gaston, Duke of Orléans, third son of King Henry IV of France (d. 1660)
- 1620 - John Graunt, English demographer and statistician (d. 1674)
- 1706 - Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1780)
- 1718 - Nathaniel Hone the Elder, Irish-English painter and educator (d. 1784)
- 1743 - Edmund Cartwright, English clergyman and engineer, invented the power loom (d. 1823)
- 1784 - Peter Vivian Daniel, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1860)
- 1815 - Anthony Trollope, English novelist, essayist, and short story writer (d. 1882)
- 1823 - Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, Mexican politician, President of Mexico (d. 1889)
- 1829 - Luisa Cappiani, Austrian soprano, educator and essayist (d. 1919)[12]
- 1845 - Carl Spitteler, Swiss poet and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1924)[13]
- 1856 - Philippe Pétain, French general and politician, 119th Prime Minister of France (d. 1951)
- 1860 - Queen Marau, last Queen of Tahiti (d. 1935)
- 1862 - Tomitaro Makino, Japanese botanist (d. 1957)
- 1868 - Sandy Herd, Scottish golfer (d. 1944)
- 1876 - Erich Raeder, German admiral (d. 1960)
- 1878 - Jean Crotti, Swiss-French painter (d. 1958)
- 1879 - Susanna Bokoyni, Hungarian-American circus performer (d. 1984)
- 1880 - Gideon Sundback, Swedish-American engineer and businessman, developed the zipper (d. 1954)
- 1880 - Josef Müller, Croatian entomologist (d. 1964)
- 1882 - Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding, Scottish-English air marshal (d. 1970)
- 1885 - Thomas Cronan, American triple jumper (d. 1962)
- 1885 - Con Walsh, Irish-Canadian hammer thrower and footballer (d. 1961)
- 1887 - Denys Finch Hatton, English hunter (d. 1931)
- 1888 - Pe Maung Tin, Burma-based scholar and educator (d. 1973)
- 1889 - Stafford Cripps, English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1952)
- 1889 - Lyubov Popova, Russian painter and academic (d. 1924)
- 1897 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, Mexican colonel and politician, 45th President of Mexico (d. 1955)
- 1897 - Benjamin Lee Whorf, American linguist, anthropologist, and engineer (d. 1941)
- 1899 - Oscar Zariski, Russian-American mathematician and academic (d. 1986)
- 1900 - Elizabeth Goudge, English author and educator (d. 1984) [14] [15]
1901–present
- 1903 - José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish lawyer and politician, founded the Falange (d. 1936)
- 1904 - Willem de Kooning, Dutch-American painter and educator (d. 1997)
- 1905 - Al Bates, American long jumper (d. 1999)
- 1905 - Robert Penn Warren, American novelist, poet, and literary critic (d. 1989)
- 1906 - William Joyce, American-born Irish-British Nazi propaganda broadcaster (d. 1946)
- 1906 - Mimi Smith, English nurse (d. 1991)
- 1907 - Gabriel Figueroa, Mexican cinematographer (d. 1997)
- 1908 - Marceline Day, American actress (d. 2000)
- 1908 - Inga Gentzel, Swedish runner (d. 1991)
- 1908 - Józef Gosławski, Polish sculptor (d. 1963)
- 1912 - Ruth Osburn, American discus thrower (d. 1994)
- 1913 - Dieter Grau, German-American scientist and engineer (d. 2014)
- 1914 - William Castle, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
- 1914 - Phil Watson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1991)
- 1914 - Justin Wilson, American chef and author (d. 2001)
- 1916 - Lou Thesz, American wrestler and trainer (d. 2002)
- 1919 - David Blackwell, American mathematician and academic (d. 2010)
- 1919 - Glafcos Clerides, Cypriot lawyer and politician, 4th President of Cyprus (d. 2013)
- 1920 - Gino Valenzano, Italian race car driver (d. 2011)
- 1922 - Marc-Adélard Tremblay, Canadian anthropologist and academic (d. 2014)
- 1923 - Gus Bodnar, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 2005)
- 1923 - Doris Burn, American author and illustrator (d. 2011)
- 1924 - Clement Freud, German-English radio host, academic, and politician (d. 2009)
- 1924 - Ruth Kobart, American actress and singer (d. 2002)
- 1925 - Franco Leccese, Italian sprinter (d. 1992)
- 1926 - Marilyn Erskine, American actress
- 1926 - Thorbjörn Fälldin, Swedish farmer and politician, 27th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 2016)
- 1927 - Josy Barthel, Luxembourgian runner and politician, Luxembourgian Minister for Energy (d. 1992)
- 1928 - Tommy Docherty, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 2020)
- 1928 - Johnny Griffin, American saxophonist (d. 2008)
- 1928 - Anahit Perikhanian, Russian-born Armenian Iranologist (d. 2012)[16]
- 1929 - Dr. Rajkumar, Indian actor and singer (d. 2006)
- 1930 - Jerome Callet, American instrument designer, educator, and author (d. 2019)
- 1930 - Richard Donner, American actor, director, and producer (d. 2021)
- 1930 - José Sarney, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 31st President of Brazil
- 1931 - Abdelhamid Kermali, Algerian footballer and manager (d. 2013)
- 1931 - Bridget Riley, English painter and illustrator
- 1934 - Jayakanthan, Indian journalist and author (d. 2015)
- 1934 - Shirley MacLaine, American actress, singer, and dancer
- 1936 - David Crombie, Canadian educator and politician, 56th Mayor of Toronto
- 1936 - Jill Ireland, English actress (d. 1990)
- 1937 - Joe Henderson, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2001)
- 1940 - Sue Grafton, American author (d. 2017)
- 1941 - Richard Holbrooke, American journalist, banker, and diplomat, 22nd United States Ambassador to the United Nations (d. 2010)
- 1941 - John Williams, Australian-English guitarist and composer
- 1942 - Richard M. Daley, American lawyer and politician, 54th Mayor of Chicago
- 1942 - Barbra Streisand, American singer, actress, activist, and producer
- 1943 - Richard Sterban, American country and gospel bass singer
- 1943 - Gordon West, English footballer (d. 2012)
- 1944 - Peter Cresswell, English judge
- 1944 - Maarja Nummert, Estonian architect
- 1944 - Tony Visconti, American record producer, musician and singer
- 1945 - Doug Clifford, American drummer and songwriter
- 1946 - Doug Christie, Canadian lawyer and activist (d. 2013)
- 1946 - Phil Robertson, American hunter and television personality[17]
- 1947 - Josep Borrell, Spanish engineer and politician, 22nd President of the European Parliament
- 1947 - João Braz de Aviz, Brazilian cardinal
- 1947 - Claude Dubois, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1947 - Denise Kingsmill, Baroness Kingsmill, New Zealand-English lawyer and politician
- 1947 - Roger D. Kornberg, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1948 - Paul Cellucci, American soldier and politician, 69th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 2013)
- 1948 - Eliana Gil, Ecuadorian-American psychiatrist, therapist, and author
- 1949 - Eddie Hart, American sprinter
- 1949 - Véronique Sanson, French singer-songwriter and producer
- 1950 - Rob Hyman, American singer-songwriter and musician
- 1951 - Ron Arad, Israeli architect and academic
- 1951 - Christian Bobin, French author and poet (d. 2022)
- 1951 - Nigel Harrison, English bass player and songwriter
- 1951 - Enda Kenny, Irish educator and politician, 13th Taoiseach of Ireland
- 1952 - Jean Paul Gaultier, French fashion designer
- 1952 - Ralph Winter, American film producer
- 1953 - Eric Bogosian, American actor and writer
- 1954 - Mumia Abu-Jamal, American journalist, activist, and convicted murderer
- 1954 - Jack Blades, American singer-songwriter and bass player
- 1955 - Marion Caspers-Merk, German politician
- 1955 - John de Mol Jr., Dutch businessman, co-founded Endemol
- 1955 - Eamon Gilmore, Irish trade union leader and politician, 25th Tánaiste of Ireland
- 1955 - Margaret Moran, British politician and criminal
- 1955 - Guy Nève, Belgian race car driver (d. 1992)
- 1955 - Michael O'Keefe, American actor
- 1955 - Bill Osborne, New Zealand rugby player
- 1956 - James A. Winnefeld, Jr., American admiral
- 1957 - Nazir Ahmed, Baron Ahmed, Pakistani-English businessman and politician
- 1958 - Brian Paddick, English police officer and politician
- 1959 - Paula Yates, British-Australian television host and author (d. 2000)
- 1961 - Andrew Murrison, English physician and politician, Minister for International Security Strategy
- 1962 - Clemens Binninger, German politician
- 1962 - Stuart Pearce, English footballer, coach, and manager
- 1962 - Steve Roach, Australian rugby league player, coach, and sportscaster
- 1963 - Paula Frazer, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1963 - Billy Gould, American bass player, songwriter, and producer
- 1963 - Mano Solo, French singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (d. 2010)
- 1964 - Helga Arendt, German sprinter (d. 2013)
- 1964 - Cedric the Entertainer, American comedian, actor, and producer
- 1964 - Djimon Hounsou, Beninese-American actor and producer
- 1964 - Witold Smorawiński, Polish guitarist, composer, and educator
- 1965 - Jeff Jackson, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
- 1966 - Pierre Brassard, Canadian comedian and actor
- 1966 - Alessandro Costacurta, Italian footballer, coach, and manager
- 1966 - David Usher, English-Canadian singer-songwriter
- 1967 - Dino Rađa, Croatian basketball player[18]
- 1967 - Omar Vizquel, Venezuelan-American baseball player and coach
- 1968 - Aidan Gillen, Irish actor
- 1968 - Todd Jones, American baseball player
- 1968 - Roxanna Panufnik, English composer
- 1968 - Hashim Thaçi, Kosovan soldier and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Kosovo
- 1969 - Elias Atmatsidis, Greek footballer
- 1969 - Rory McCann, Scottish actor
- 1969 - Eilidh Whiteford, Scottish academic and politician
- 1970 - Damien Fleming, Australian cricketer, coach, and sportscaster
- 1971 - Kumar Dharmasena, Sri Lankan cricketer and umpire
- 1971 - Mauro Pawlowski, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1972 - Rab Douglas, Scottish footballer
- 1972 - Chipper Jones, American baseball player
- 1972 - Jure Košir, Slovenian skier and singer
- 1973 - Gabby Logan, English gymnast, television and radio host
- 1973 - Damon Lindelof, American screenwriter and producer
- 1973 - Brian Marshall, American bass player and songwriter
- 1973 - Eric Snow, American basketball player and coach
- 1973 - Sachin Tendulkar, Indian cricketer[19]
- 1973 - Toomas Tohver, Estonian footballer
- 1973 - Lee Westwood, English golfer
- 1974 - Eric Kripke, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1974 - Stephen Wiltshire, English illustrator
- 1975 - Marte Mjøs Persen, Norwegian politician[20]
- 1975 - Dejan Savić, Yugoslavian and Serbian water polo player
- 1976 - Hedda Berntsen, Norwegian skier[21]
- 1976 - Steve Finnan, Irish international footballer[22]
- 1976 - Frédéric Niemeyer, Canadian tennis player and coach
- 1977 - Carlos Beltrán, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
- 1977 - Diego Placente, Argentine footballer
- 1978 - Diego Quintana, Argentine footballer
- 1980 - Fernando Arce, Mexican footballer
- 1980 - Karen Asrian, Armenian chess player (d. 2008)
- 1981 - Taylor Dent, American tennis player
- 1981 - Yuko Nakanishi, Japanese swimmer
- 1982 - Kelly Clarkson, American singer-songwriter, talk show host
- 1982 - David Oliver, American hurdler
- 1982 - Simon Tischer, German volleyball player
- 1983 - Hanna Melnychenko, Ukrainian heptathlete
- 1985 - Mike Rodgers, American sprinter
- 1986 - Aaron Cunningham, American baseball player
- 1987 - Ben Howard, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1987 - Kris Letang, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1987 - Rein Taaramäe, Estonian cyclist
- 1987 - Jan Vertonghen, Belgian international footballer[23]
- 1987 - Varun Dhawan, Indian actor
- 1989 - Elīna Babkina, Latvian basketball player
- 1989 - David Boudia, American diver
- 1989 - Taja Mohorčič, Slovenian tennis player
- 1990 - Kim Tae-ri, South Korean actress
- 1990 - Jan Veselý, Czech basketball player
- 1991 - Sigrid Agren, French-Swedish model
- 1991 - Morgan Ciprès, French figure skater
- 1991 - Batuhan Karadeniz, Turkish footballer
- 1992 - Joe Keery, American actor
- 1992 - Laura Kenny, English cyclist
- 1992 - Jack Quaid, American actor[24]
- 1993 - Ben Davies, Welsh international footballer[25]
- 1994 - Jordan Fisher, American singer, dancer, and actor[26]
- 1994 - Caspar Lee, British-South African Youtuber
- 1996 - Ashleigh Barty, Australian tennis player
- 1997 - Lydia Ko, New Zealand golfer
- 1997 - Veronika Kudermetova, Russian tennis player
- 1998 - Ryan Newman, American actress
- 1999 - Jerry Jeudy, American football player[27]
- 2002 - Olivia Gadecki, Australian tennis player[28]
Deaths
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1617 - Concino Concini, Italian-French politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1575)
- 1622 - Fidelis of Sigmaringen, German friar and saint (b. 1577)
- 1656 - Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (b. 1561)
- 1692 - Johannes Zollikofer, Swiss vicar (b. 1633)[30]
- 1731 - Daniel Defoe, English journalist, novelist, and spy (b. 1660)
- 1748 - Anton thor Helle, German-Estonian clergyman and translator (b. 1683)
- 1779 - Eleazar Wheelock, American minister and academic, founded Dartmouth College (b. 1711)
- 1794 - Axel von Fersen the Elder, Swedish field marshal and politician (b. 1719)
- 1852 - Vasily Zhukovsky, Russian poet and translator (b. 1783)
- 1889 - Zulma Carraud, French author (b. 1796)[31]
- 1891 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, German field marshal (b. 1800)
1901–present
- 1924 - G. Stanley Hall, American psychologist and academic (b. 1844)
- 1931 - David Kldiashvili, Georgian author and playwright (b. 1862)
- 1935 - Anastasios Papoulas, Greek general (b. 1857)
- 1938 - George Grey Barnard, American sculptor (b. 1863)
- 1939 - Louis Trousselier, French cyclist (b. 1881)
- 1941 - Karin Boye, Swedish author and poet (b. 1900)
- 1942 - Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian author (b. 1874)[32]
- 1944 - Charles Jordan, American magician (b. 1888)
- 1945 - Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German physician (b. 1899)
- 1947 - Hans Biebow, German SS officer (b. 1902)
- 1947 - Willa Cather, American novelist, short story writer, and poet (b. 1873)
- 1948 - Jāzeps Vītols, Latvian composer (b. 1863)
- 1954 - Guy Mairesse, French racing driver (b. 1910)
- 1960 - Max von Laue, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
- 1961 - Lee Moran, American actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1888)
- 1962 - Milt Franklyn, American composer (b. 1897)
- 1964 - Gerhard Domagk, German pathologist and bacteriologist (b. 1895)
- 1965 - Louise Dresser, American actress (b. 1878)
- 1966 - Simon Chikovani, Georgian poet and author (b. 1902)
- 1967 - Vladimir Komarov, Russian pilot, engineer, and cosmonaut (b. 1927)
- 1967 - Robert Richards, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of South Australia (b. 1885)
- 1968 - Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (b. 1876)[33]
- 1970 - Otis Spann, American singer and pianist (b. 1930)
- 1972 - Fernando Amorsolo, Filipino painter (b. 1892)
- 1974 - Bud Abbott, American comedian and producer (b. 1895)
- 1976 - Mark Tobey, American-Swiss painter and educator (b. 1890)
- 1980 - Alejo Carpentier, Swiss-Cuban musicologist and author (b. 1904)
- 1982 - Ville Ritola, Finnish runner (b. 1896)
- 1983 - Erol Güngör, Turkish sociologist, psychologist, and academic (b. 1938)
- 1983 - Rolf Stommelen, German racing driver (b. 1943)
- 1984 - Rafael Pérez y Pérez, Spanish author (b. 1891)
- 1986 - Wallis Simpson, American socialite, Duchess of Windsor (b. 1896)[34]
- 1993 - Oliver Tambo, South African lawyer and activist (b. 1917)
- 1993 - Tran Duc Thao, Vietnamese philosopher and theorist (b. 1917)
- 1995 - Lodewijk Bruckman, Dutch painter (b. 1903)
- 1997 - Allan Francovich, American director and producer (b. 1941)
- 1997 - Pat Paulsen, American comedian and activist (b. 1927)
- 1997 - Eugene Stoner, American engineer, designed the AR-15 rifle (b. 1922)
- 2001 - Josef Peters, German racing driver (b. 1914)
- 2001 - Johnny Valentine, American wrestler (b. 1928)
- 2002 - Lucien Wercollier, Luxembourgian sculptor (b. 1908)
- 2003 - Nüzhet Gökdoğan, Turkish astronomer and mathematician (b. 1910)[35]
- 2004 - José Giovanni, French-Swiss director and producer (b. 1923)
- 2004 - Estée Lauder, American businesswoman, co-founded Estée Lauder Companies (b. 1906)
- 2005 - Ezer Weizman, Israeli general and politician, 7th President of Israel (b. 1924)
- 2005 - Fei Xiaotong, Chinese sociologist and academic (b. 1910)
- 2006 - Brian Labone, English footballer (b. 1940)
- 2006 - Moshe Teitelbaum, Romanian-American rabbi and author (b. 1914)
- 2008 - Jimmy Giuffre, American clarinet player, and saxophonist, and composer (b. 1921)
- 2011 - Sathya Sai Baba, Indian guru and philanthropist (b. 1926)
- 2014 - Hans Hollein, Austrian architect, designed Haas House (b. 1934)
- 2014 - Sandy Jardine, Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1948)
- 2014 - Shobha Nagi Reddy, Indian politician (b. 1968)
- 2014 - Tadeusz Różewicz, Polish poet and playwright (b. 1921)
- 2015 - Władysław Bartoszewski, Polish journalist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1922)
- 2016 - Tommy Kono, American weightlifter and coach (b. 1930)
- 2017 - Robert Pirsig, American author and philosopher (b. 1928)
- 2022 - Andrew Woolfolk, American saxophonist (b. 1950)[36]
- 2024 - Bob Cole, Canadian sports announcer (b. 1933)[37]
- 2024 - Terry Hill, Australian rugby league player (b. 1972)[38]
- 2024 - Donald Payne Jr., American politician (b. 1958)[39]
- 2024 - Mike Pinder, British musician (b. 1941)[40]
Holidays and observances
External links
Notes and References
- Kokkinos . Nikos . Ancient Chronology, Eratosthenes and the Dating of the Fall of Troy . Ancient West & East . 31 December 2009 . 8 . 37–56 . 10.2143/AWE.8.0.2045837 . 14 March 2020 . en.
- Herbert Van Scoy & Bernerd C. Weber, 'The Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots and the Dauphin', Scottish Historical Review, 31:111, Part 1 (April 1952), p. 41.
- Book: Loomis, Stanley . 1 June 1990 . Paris in the Terror . Dorset House Publishing Co Inc . 978-0880294010.
- Book: Gujarat State Gazetteers: Surat District. Directorate of Government Printing, Stationery and Publications, Gujarat State. 1962. 2nd (Revised in 1962), 1st (1877). Ahmedabad. 976–978.
- Skou, Kaare R. (2005). Dansk politik A-Å . Aschehoug, pp. 110, 638-639. .
- Web site: PRC 1. National Space Science Data Center. 5 April 2020.
- News: Chaudhary . Vivek . 2019-04-21 . Forty years on, Southall demands justice for killing of Blair Peach . 2024-04-24 . The Observer . en-GB . 0029-7712.
- Web site: Crash of a Douglas C-47A-20-DK off Sydney . 9 January 2022 . www.baaa-acro.com . Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives.
- News: Wedemen . Ben . Faraj, Caroline . Zippori, Michal . 2006-04-26 . Egypt ties Dahab blasts to other attacks . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060624043947/http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/04/26/egypt.blasts/index.html . 2006-06-24 . 2006-07-28 . CNN.
- News: Hoskins . Tansy . 2015-04-23 . Reliving the Rana Plaza factory collapse: a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 22 . 2024-04-24 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077.
- News: 2013-05-08 . Bangladesh building collapse death toll over 800 . 2024-04-24 . BBC News . en-GB.
- Web site: Baptism record entry Linz-Holy Family, 1829 . Matricula Online . 5 May 2023 . de.
- Web site: Carl Spitteler Swiss poet . Encyclopedia Britannica . 27 December 2020 . en.
- Web site: Biography of Elizabeth Goudge. www.msmc.edu. 25 October 2017. 21 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111555/https://www.msmc.edu/library/find_information/archives_and_special_collections/elizabeth_goudge_special_collection/biography_of_elizabeth_goudge. dead.
- News: ELIZABETH GOUDGE. 27 April 1984. The New York Times. 25 October 2017. 0362-4331.
- Encyclopedia: PERIKHANIAN, ANAHIT . Ambartsumian . Arthur . Encyclopaedia Iranica . 2014 .
- Web site: Reese . Kevin . Phil Robertson: The Duck Commander . 23 October 2020 . Hook & Barrel . 19 April 2023.
- Web site: Dino Radja. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. 15 February 2020.
- News: Happy Birthday Sachin Tendulkar: Master Blaster turns 46 . 3 February 2023 . India Today . 24 April 2019 . en.
- Encyclopedia: Marte Mjøs Persen . Olav . Garvik . Knut Are . Tvedt . Vibeke . Lauritsen . . 16 October 2023 . Bolstad . Erik . Norsk nettleksikon . Oslo . no. 17 March 2024.
- Web site: Hedda Berntsen . olympedia.org . 22 March 2024 .
- Web site: Steve Finnan . soccerbase.com . 10 April 2020.
- Web site: Jan Vertonghen . soccerbase.com . 10 April 2020.
- Web site: Meg Ryan: The Real Reason She Vanished From Hollywood . . 19 April 2023 . 15 March 2023.
- Web site: Ben Davies . soccerbase.com . 10 April 2020.
- Web site: Jordan Fisher: 11 facts about the to All the Boys 2 star you need to know. 2020-04-24. 2020-08-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804172805/https://www.popbuzz.com/tv-film/features/jordan-fisher/. dead.
- Web site: Jerry Jeudy. ESPN.com. 24 April 2020. en.
- Web site: Olivia Gadecki - Player Profile - Tennis . 2022-10-26 . Eurosport . en.
- Book: Bellenger . Dominic Aidan . Fletcher . Stella . The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury . 17 February 2005 . History Press . 978-0-7524-9495-1 . 149 . en.
- Postma . Ferenc . Verheij . Arian . In Signum Benevoli Affectus I. Seven Album Inscriptions by Menasseh Ben Israel . Zutot . 2009 . 6 . 1 . 46 . 10.1163/187502109790213023.
- Web site: Zulma Carraud . Les Bibliothèques de Châteauroux . 8 January 2020.
- News: Lucy Maud suffered 'unbearable psychological pain' . Adams . James . September 24, 2008 . . August 13, 2009 . September 23, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090923013103/http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080924.wmontgomery24/BNStory/mentalhealth . dead .
- Web site: Walter Tewksbury. International Olympic Committee. 20 April 2020.
- Book: Weir, Alison . Alison Weir (historian) . Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy Revised edition . Random House . London . 1995 . 978-0-7126-7448-5. 328. en.
- Web site: Nüzhet Gökdoğan. 2020-10-20. Turkish Astronomy Association. tr.
- Web site: Scottie Andrew . Earth, Wind & Fire saxophonist Andrew Woolfolk dies at 71 . 2022-05-02 . CNN. 26 April 2022 .
- News: Bob Cole, the play-by-play voice of countless NHL games, dies at 90 . 25 April 2024 . CBC . 25 April 2024.
- Web site: Decent . Tom . Eder . Billie . 2024-04-24 . Terry Hill dies aged 52 . 2024-04-24 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en.
- Web site: Fox . Joey . Wildstein . David . 2024-04-24 . Donald Payne, six-term congressman from New Jersey, dies at 65 . 2024-04-24 . New Jersey Globe . en-US.
- News: Sandomir . Richard . 2024-04-26 . Mike Pinder, Founding Keyboardist of the Moody Blues, Dies at 82 . 2024-04-27 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
- https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2019/4/10/PRMX1820266D/jo/texte legifrance.gouv.fr
