22nd Chess Olympiad explained

The 22nd Chess Olympiad (Hebrew: אולימפיאדת השחמט ה-22, Olimpiada ha-shachmat ha-22), organized by FIDE, took place between October 26 and November 10, 1976, in Haifa, Israel. For the first time, the event comprised both an open[1] and a women's tournament.

Another first was the change in format. The growing number of teams (74 at the previous Olympiad) had made it impossible to continue with the previous system of round-robin preliminary and final groups, so beginning in Haifa, the open event was played as a Swiss system tournament (the women's event had fewer participants and did not use the Swiss system until 1980).

The first Swiss system Olympiad ended up with significantly fewer teams, however. International politics once again interfered in the world of sports, as many FIDE member nations withdrew in protest against the Olympiad being held in Israel, a country many of them didn't recognize. Among the nations that stayed away from Haifa were all of the Arab countries, some of which took part in the alternative Against Chess Olympiad instead. Other absentees were the entire Eastern Bloc, including most of the usual medal candidates. A number of Eastern European players had recently defected, however, and now represented various Western countries.

In the absence of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Hungary, the US team had the highest average rating and had to be considered favourites, even without Bobby Fischer. In the end, they lived up to expectations and won the gold medals, by half a point. The Netherlands and England took home the silver and bronze, respectively.

Open event

Forty-eight nations played 13 rounds. In the event of a draw, the tie-break was decided first by match points, then by using the Buchholz system.

Open event! # !! Country !! Players !! Average
rating !! Points !! MP !! Buchholz
1 Byrne, Kavalek, Evans, Tarjan, Lombardy, Commons 2535 37
2 2490 36½
3 2463 35½
4 2513 33
5 2485 31
6 2490 29½
7 2391 29
8 2428 28½ 15
9 2399 28½ 12
10 2365 28
11 2331 27½ 16
12 2453 27½ 15 376.5
13 2385 27½ 15 361.5
14 2355 27½ 15 359.0
15 2216 27½ 14
16 2356 27½ 13 380.5
17 2390 27½ 13 367.5
18 2405 27½ 13 366.0
19 2374 27½ 13 346.5
20 2418 27 17
21 2216 27 15
22 2426 27 13
23 2275 26½ 13
24 2326 26½ 11
25 2340 26½ 10
26 2320 26 14 351.0
27 2200 26 14 300.5
28 2203 26 13
29 2200 26 9
30 Darakorn, Sinprayoon, Rasmussen, Sa-ngadsup, Trisa-Ard, Vajrabhaya S. 2200 25½ 12
31 2303 25½ 11 367.5
32 2200 25½ 11 324.0
33 2321 25½ 10
34 2200 25 14
35 2214 25 12
36 2250 24½ 13
37 2200 24½ 12 321.0
38 2200 24½ 12 296.0
39 Kan Wai Shui, Lo Y. Cheong, Sin Kuen, Ko Chi, Lam, Pang C. K. 2245 24½ 12 291.5
40 Ramírez, Calle, Suarez S., García M., Rivas, Mendes J. 2200 24½ 11
41 2200 24
42 2200 23
43 2200 22
44 Petersen, Mikkelsen, Midjord, Ellefsen H., Petersen K., Thomassen J. 2201 21½
45 Rush, Markov, Earle M., Nacino T., Bluett N., Bell G. 2200 18
46 Abraham, Hoyt, Rumsch, Grumer, Hanno, Levenson G. 2200 15½
47 Hook, Georges, Pickering, Campbell, Linhart G., Corbin 2203 13½
48 Martina, Croes, Booi O., Brunk C., Tjinkamjet A. 2200

Team standing

The following ratings were used to determine the placement (#).

TeamCodeBPTPRtg+=-12345678910111213
1 USA3721383.5931IRI
3
CHI
SCO
ITA
2
AUS
4
NED
ENG
2
ARG
GER
2
ISR
SUI
4
COL
3
WLS
2 NED36½23383.51030LUX
SCO
SUI
ARG
2
NOR
4
USA
ISR
3
ENG
2
CHI
SWE
GER
2
CAN
FIN
3
3 ENG35½22385.5940NZL
FRA
4
ARG
GER
2
ITA
3
PHI
USA
2
NED
2
ISR
2
CAN
3
SWE
3
CHI
AUT
4 ARG3320389.5922VEN
4
ESP
ENG
NED
2
SUI
3
GER
PHI
3
USA
IRI
3
AUT
3
ISR
SWE
CAN
2
5 GER3115389.0634IRL
FIN
3
AUT
ENG
2
PHI
1
ARG
ESP
3
ISR
USA
2
IRI
4
NED
2
SUI
AUS
6 ISR29½17392.5814URU
AUS
SWE
SUI
DEN
ESP
3
NED
1
GER
ENG
2
USA
½
ARG
PHI
3
PAR
7 SUI2917365.0814AHO
4
CAN
NED
ISR
ARG
1
CHI
½
DEN
THA
ESP
2
COL
3
USA
0
GER
FRA
8 CAN28½15372.5634MNC
4
SUI
NOR
1
IRI
SCO
2
WLS
3
ITA
2
ESP
AUS
ENG
1
ISL
3
NED
ARG
2
9 SpainESP28½12355.0526ISV
4
ARG
BEL
SWE
2
VEN
4
ISR
1
GER
1
CAN
SUI
2
CHI
NOR
AUS
SCO
10 COL2814352.5625PNG
SWE
ISL
VEN
FIN
PAR
2
FRA
3
SCO
NOR
2
SUI
1
AUT
3
USA
1
HON
3
11 NOR27½16362.5643THA
HON
CAN
3
PHI
NED
0
FIN
PAR
AUT
2
COL
2
ISL
2
ESP
DEN
2
VEN
12 SWE27½15376.5715DOM
COL
ISR
ESP
2
AUT
SCO
CHI
IRI
1
PHI
4
NED
½
ENG
1
ARG
DEN
13 ITA27½15361.5553AND
4
ISL
3
PHI
2
USA
2
ENG
1
IRI
2
CAN
2
CHI
½
IRL
AUS
FRA
SCO
2
BEL
14 WLS27½15359.0634HON
2
NZL
2
LUX
PAR
2
URU
4
CAN
1
VEN
AUS
1
BEL
3
FIN
CHI
ISL
3
USA
½
15 ParaguayPAR27½14345.0625FRA
1
CRC
NZL
WLS
2
LUX
COL
2
NOR
BEL
URU
PHI
SCO
BOL
4
ISR
16 CHI27½13380.5616CRC
3
USA
AUS
2
URU
3
ISL
SUI
SWE
ITA
NED
½
ESP
WLS
ENG
½
IRI
3
17 AUS27½13367.5616JPN
4
ISR
CHI
2
BEL
4
USA
0
ISL
IRI
1
WLS
3
CAN
ITA
PHI
ESP
GER
18 AUT27½13366.0616GCI
4
BEL
GER
½
FIN
SWE
DEN
3
ISL
NOR
2
SCO
ARG
1
COL
1
CRC
4
ENG
19 FIN27½13346.5616IVB
GER
1
DEN
AUT
COL
NOR
SCO
2
BOL
ISL
WLS
LUX
3
NZL
NED
1
20 PHI2717367.5814FAI
4
DEN
3
ITA
2
NOR
GER
3
ENG
½
ARG
1
ISL
SWE
0
PAR
AUS
ISR
1
URU
21 NZL2715346.5715ENG
WLS
2
PAR
CRC
3
BEL
1
DOM
LUX
JPN
DEN
IRL
THA
3
FIN
½
GUA
3
22 ISL2713350.0616HKG
4
ITA
1
COL
LUX
3
CHI
AUS
AUT
PHI
FIN
NOR
2
CAN
1
WLS
1
IRL
3
23 VEN26½13336.5616ARG
0
PNG
MNC
4
COL
ESP
0
BEL
2
WLS
URU
½
THA
1
JPN
3
GCI
LUX
NOR
24 BEL26½11341.5436GUA
4
AUT
ESP
AUS
0
NZL
3
VEN
2
IRL
2
PAR
WLS
1
FAI
4
CRC
IRI
2
ITA
25 DEN26½10349.0427BER
4
PHI
1
FIN
IRL
4
ISR
½
AUT
1
SUI
FRA
2
NZL
DOM
IRI
NOR
2
SWE
26 FRA2614351.0625PAR
3
ENG
0
URU
0
BOL
4
GCI
GUA
3
COL
1
DEN
2
DOM
SCO
2
ITA
THA
4
SUI
½
27 DOM2614300.5625SWE
½
LUX
½
BOL
2
AHO
4
CRC
2
NZL
GUA
HON
FRA
DEN
½
IVB
3
AND
HKG
3
28 URU2613341.0616ISR
½
JPN
2
FRA
4
CHI
1
WLS
0
HON
BER
3
VEN
PAR
THA
IRL
GUA
PHI
29 HON269304.0337WLS
2
NOR
½
HKG
2
THA
GUA
URU
ISV
4
DOM
CRC
½
AHO
4
BOL
2
FAI
4
COL
1
30 THA25½12319.5607NOR
IRI
½
BER
3
HON
IRL
LUX
GCI
4
SUI
½
VEN
3
URU
NZL
1
FRA
0
AHO
4
31 IRI25½11367.5436USA
1
THA
IRL
2
CAN
JPN
4
ITA
2
AUS
3
SWE
3
ARG
1
GER
0
DEN
BEL
2
CHI
1
32 CRC25½11324.0517CHI
1
PAR
ISV
NZL
1
DOM
2
IRL
1
HKG
3
GUA
HON
BOL
BEL
AUT
0
MNC
33 SCO25½10371.5346BOL
4
NED
USA
½
GCI
4
CAN
2
SWE
FIN
2
COL
AUT
FRA
2
PAR
ITA
2
ESP
½
34 GCI2514298.5706AUT
0
GUA
3
FAI
SCO
0
FRA
JPN
THA
0
PNG
HKG
BER
VEN
½
AHO
AND
3
35 IRL2512328.0526GER
½
IVB
4
IRI
2
DEN
0
THA
CRC
3
BEL
2
LUX
ITA
NZL
URU
MNC
3
ISL
1
36 LUX24½13340.5616NED
½
DOM
WLS
ISL
1
PAR
THA
NZL
IRL
BOL
2
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FIN
1
VEN
½
ISV
3
37 GUA24½12321.0607BEL
0
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1
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3
MNC
3
HON
FRA
1
DOM
CRC
JPN
3
LUX
BER
3
URU
NZL
1
38 JPN24½12296.0526AUS
0
URU
2
AND
3
HKG
IRI
0
GCI
FAI
3
NZL
GUA
1
VEN
1
AHO
IVB
BER
2
39 HKG24½12291.5445ISL
0
AND
2
HON
2
JPN
½
PNG
3
BER
2
CRC
1
FAI
3
GCI
IVB
MNC
2
ISV
3
DOM
1
40 BOL24½11286.0436SCO
0
ISV
DOM
2
FRA
0
AHO
AND
4
PNG
FIN
LUX
2
CRC
HON
2
PAR
0
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3
41 BER2414290.0544DEN
0
FAI
2
THA
1
ISV
AND
HKG
2
URU
1
MNC
2
IVB
3
GCI
GUA
1
PNG
JPN
2
42 AND2311274.0436ITA
0
HKG
2
JPN
1
FAI
2
BER
BOL
0
AHO
IVB
3
MNC
2
ISV
3
PNG
DOM
GCI
1
43 MNC2211277.5436CAN
0
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VEN
0
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1
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FAI
1
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3
BER
2
AND
2
PNG
HKG
2
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1
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½
44 FAI21½12277.0526PHI
0
BER
2
GCI
½
AND
2
IVB
MNC
3
JPN
1
HKG
1
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BEL
0
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0
PNG
45 PNG186280.03010COL
½
VEN
½
GUA
1
IVB
3
HKG
1
AHO
3
BOL
½
GCI
½
ISV
3
MNC
½
AND
BER
FAI
46 ISV15½6283.03010ESP
0
BOL
CRC
½
BER
MNC
IVB
HON
0
AHO
PNG
1
AND
1
FAI
½
HKG
1
LUX
1
47 IVB13½1283.50112FIN
½
IRL
0
AHO
2
PNG
1
FAI
ISV
MNC
1
AND
1
BER
1
HKG
½
DOM
1
JPN
BOL
1
48 AHO1294.00112SUI
0
MNC
½
IVB
2
DOM
0
BOL
½
PNG
1
AND
½
ISV
FAI
½
HON
0
JPN
½
GCI
½
THA
0

Individual medals

Women's event

Twenty-three nations took part in the women's Olympiad. From four preliminary groups the teams were split into three finals. Israel, led by former World Championship challenger Kushnir, won the gold, ahead of England and Spain.

Preliminaries

- ! Final Country ! 1 2 ! 3 4 ! 5 ! + − ! = Points - !«A» - 2 3 3 0 1 9 - !«A» - ½ 2 1 1 2 - !«B» ½ - 1 1 2 1 - !«B» 1 1 - 2 1 2 1 - !«C» 0 2 1 - ! 1 2 1
- ! Final Country ! 1 2 ! 3 4 ! 5 6 ! + ! − = ! Points - !«A» - 3 3 4 0 1 12½ - !«A» ½ - 3 3 2 1 2 - !«B» ½ - 2 2 3 1 1 - !«B» 1 - 2 1 1 3 - !«C» 0 0 ½ - 1 3 1 - !«C» 0 0 1 1 ½ - ! 0 5 0
- ! Final Country ! 1 2 ! 3 4 ! 5 6 ! + ! − = ! Points - !«A» - 2 3 5 0 0 12½ - !«A» ½ - 2 3 4 1 0 10½ - !«B» 1 1 - 1 2 3 2 3 0 8 - !«B» ½ ½ 2 - 2 2 1 7 - !«C» ½ ½ 1 ½ - 3 1 4 0 - !«C» 0 0 0 0 - ! 0 4 1
- ! Final Country ! 1 2 ! 3 4 ! 5 6 ! + ! − = ! Points - !«A» - 3 2 2 3 4 0 1 11½ - !«A» - 2 ½ 3 3 1 1 - !«B» 0 1 - 3 3 2 2 1 - !«B» 1 ½ - 3 1 2 2 - !«C» 1 0 - 2 2 2 1 7 - !«C» 0 0 0 0 1 - ! 0 5 0 1

Finals

Final A! # !! Country !! Players !! Average
rating !! Points !! MP
1 Kushnir, Kristol, Podrazhanskaya, Nudelman 2182 17
2 2115 11½ 8
3 1890 11½ 7
4 2112 10½
5 2182
6 2070 9
7 1958
8 1917
Final B! # !! Country !! Players !! Average
rating !! Points !! MP
9 Vujosevic, Shterenberg, Day, Williams M. 1907 13½
10 Gramignani, Pernici, Merciai, Romano D. 1800 12
11 1800 11½
12 1897 10½
13 1852 10
14 1880 6
15 1800 5
16 Cartel H. P., Emperado, Lizares A., Alvárez C. 1800 7
Final C! # !! Country !! Players !! Average
rating !! Points !! MP
17 1875 12 10
18 1940 12 9
19 2012 11½
20 Nakagawa, Watai, Maeda, Terada M. 1830 11
21 1810
22 1800
23 Terry L., Stretch, Hollis A. 1800

Final «A»

- ! No. Country ! 1 2 ! 3 4 ! 5 6 ! 7 8 ! + ! − = ! Points - 1 align=left bgcolor="gold"- 2 3 2 2 3 7 0 0 17 - 2 align=left bgcolor="silver"½ - 2 1 3 2 2 11½ - 3 align=left bgcolor="CC9966"1 1 - ½ 2 3 3 3 1 11½ - 4 ½ - 0 2 3 2 2 10½ - 5 0 ½ 3 - 1 2 4 - 6 1 ½ 1 - 2 1 3 3 9 - 7 1 2 ½ 1 - 1 1 4 2 - 8 0 0 ½ 1 2 - ! 1 4 2

Final «B»

- ! No. Country ! 9 10 ! 11 12 ! 13 14 ! 15 16 ! + ! − = ! Points - 9 - 2 1 1 2 5 2 0 13½ - 10 1 - 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 12 - 11 ½ ½ - 2 3 3 2 2 11½ - 12 2 1 ½ - 1 1 3 4 0 10½ - 13 2 1 ½ - 2 2 1 3 3 1 10 - 14 ½ 2 2 1 - 1 2 3 2 - 15 1 1 2 1 2 - 1 2 4 1 - 16 ½ 1 0 ½ 2 2 - ! 2 4 1

Final «C»

- ! No. Country ! 17 18 ! 19 20 ! 21 22 ! 23 ! + − ! = Points - 17 - 1 2 2 2 5 1 0 12 - 18 2 - 3 3 0 3 12 - 19 1 - 1 3 3 2 1 11½ - 20 1 2 - 2 3 3 1 2 11 - 21 1 ½ ½ - 1 3 2 - 22 ½ 0 ½ 1 - 3 1 4 1 - 23 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 - ! 0 5 1

Individual medals

References

Notes and References

  1. Although commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players.