April 22 Explained
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
- 1906 - The 1906 Intercalated Games open in Athens.[5]
- 1915 - World War I: The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
- 1930 - The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
- 1944 - The 1st Air Commando Group using Sikorsky R-4 helicopters stage the first use of helicopters in combat with combat search and rescue operations in the China Burma India Theater.
- 1944 - World War II: Operation Persecution is initiated: Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
- 1944 - World War II: In Greenland, the Allied Sledge Patrol attack the German Bassgeiger weather station.[6]
- 1945 - World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. Five hundred twenty are killed and around eighty escape.
- 1945 - World War II: Sachsenhausen concentration camp is liberated by soldiers of the Red Army and Polish First Army.[7]
- 1948 - Arab–Israeli War: The port city of Haifa is captured by Jewish forces.
- 1951 - Korean War: The Chinese People's Volunteer Army begin assaulting positions defended by the Royal Australian Regiment and the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry at the Battle of Kapyong.
- 1954 - Red Scare: Witnesses begin testifying and live television coverage of the Army–McCarthy hearings begins.
- 1969 - British yachtsman Sir Robin Knox-Johnston wins the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race and completes the first solo non-stop circumnavigation of the world.
- 1969 - The formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) is announced at a mass rally in Calcutta.
- 1970 - The first Earth Day is celebrated.[8]
- 1974 - Pan Am Flight 812 crashes on approach to Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, killing all 107 people on board.[9]
- 1977 - Optical fiber is first used to carry live telephone traffic.
- 1992 - A series of gas explosions rip through the streets in Guadalajara, Mexico, killing 206.[10]
- 1993 - Eighteen-year-old Stephen Lawrence is murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall, Eltham.[11]
- 2005 - Japan's Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi apologizes for Japan's war record.
- 2016 - The Paris Agreement is signed, an agreement to help fight global warming.
- 2020 - Four police officers are killed after being struck by a truck on the Eastern Freeway in Melbourne while speaking to a speeding driver, marking the largest loss of police lives in Victoria Police history.[12]
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1610 - Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
- 1658 - Giuseppe Torelli, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1709)
- 1690 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1763)
- 1707 - Henry Fielding, English novelist and playwright (d. 1754)
- 1711 - Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy, Austrian soldier (d. 1762)
- 1724 - Immanuel Kant, German anthropologist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1804)
- 1732 - John Johnson, English architect and surveyor (d. 1814)
- 1744 - James Sullivan, American lawyer and politician, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1808)
- 1766 - Germaine de Staël, French author and political philosopher (d. 1817)
- 1812 - Solomon Caesar Malan, Swiss-English orientalist (d. 1894)
- 1816 - Charles-Denis Bourbaki, French general (d. 1897)
- 1830 - Emily Davies, British suffragist and educator, co-founder and an early Mistress of Girton College, Cambridge University (d. 1921)[13] [14]
- 1832 - Julius Sterling Morton, American journalist and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Agriculture (d. 1902)
- 1844 - Lewis Powell, American soldier, attempted assassin of William H. Seward (d. 1865)
- 1852 - William IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
- 1854 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)
- 1858 - Ethel Smyth, English composer (d. 1944)[15]
- 1858 - Fritz Mayer van den Bergh, Belgian art collector and art historian (d. 1901)[16]
- 1870 - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary and founder of Soviet Russia (d. 1924)
- 1872 - Princess Margaret of Prussia (d. 1954)
- 1873 - Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
- 1874 - Wu Peifu, Chinese warlord, politician, and marshal of the Beiyang Army (d. 1939)[17]
- 1876 - Róbert Bárány, Austrian-Swedish otologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
- 1876 - Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler and strongman (d. 1920)
- 1879 - Bernhard Gregory, Estonian-German chess player (d. 1939)
- 1884 - Otto Rank, Austrian-American psychologist and academic (d. 1939)
- 1886 - Izidor Cankar, Slovenian historian, author, and diplomat (d. 1958)
- 1887 - Harald Bohr, Danish mathematician and footballer (d. 1951)[18]
- 1889 - Richard Glücks, German SS officer (d. 1945)
- 1891 - Laura Gilpin, American photographer (d. 1979)
- 1891 - Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
- 1891 - Harold Jeffreys, English mathematician, geophysicist, and astronomer (d. 1989)
- 1891 - Nicola Sacco, Italian-American anarchist (d. 1927)
- 1892 - Vernon Johns, African-American minister and activist (d. 1965)
- 1899 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born novelist and critic (d. 1977)
- 1900 - Nellie Beer, British politician, Lord Mayor of Manchester (d. 1988)[19]
1901–present
- 1904 - J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist and academic (d. 1967)
- 1905 - Robert Choquette, American-Canadian author, poet, and diplomat (d. 1991)
- 1906 - Eric Fenby, English composer and educator (d. 1997)
- 1906 - Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten (d. 1947)
- 1909 - Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2012)
- 1909 - Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
- 1909 - Spyros Markezinis, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2000)
- 1910 - Norman Steenrod, American mathematician and academic (d. 1971)
- 1912 - Kathleen Ferrier, English operatic singer (d. 1953)
- 1912 - Kaneto Shindo, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)
- 1914 - Baldev Raj Chopra, Indian director and producer (d. 2008)
- 1914 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch-American author and playwright (d. 2002)
- 1914 - José Quiñones Gonzales, Peruvian soldier and pilot (d. 1941)
- 1914 - Michael Wittmann, German SS officer (d. 1944)
- 1916 - Hanfried Lenz, German mathematician and academic (d. 2013)
- 1916 - Yehudi Menuhin, American-Swiss violinist and conductor (d. 1999)
- 1917 - Yvette Chauviré, French ballerina (d. 2016)
- 1917 - Sidney Nolan, Australian painter (d. 1992)
- 1918 - William Jay Smith, American poet and academic (d. 2015)
- 1918 - Mickey Vernon, American baseball player and coach (d. 2008)
- 1919 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- 1919 - Carl Lindner, Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (d. 2011)
- 1922 - Richard Diebenkorn, American soldier and painter (d. 1993)
- 1922 - Charles Mingus, American bassist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1979)
- 1922 - Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist and academic (d. 1973)
- 1923 - Peter Kane Dufault, American soldier, pilot, and poet (d. 2013)
- 1923 - Bettie Page, American model and actress (d. 2008)
- 1923 - Aaron Spelling, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
- 1924 - Nam Duck-woo, South Korean politician, 12th Prime Minister of South Korea (d. 2013)
- 1926 - Charlotte Rae, American actress and singer (d. 2018)
- 1926 - James Stirling, Scottish architect, designed the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart and Seeley Historical Library (d. 1992)
- 1927 - Laurel Aitken, Cuban-Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
- 1928 - Estelle Harris, American actress and comedian (d. 2022)[20]
- 1929 - Michael Atiyah, English-Lebanese mathematician and academic (d. 2019)
- 1929 - Robert Wade-Gery, English diplomat, British High Commissioner to India (d. 2015)
- 1930 - Enno Penno, Estonian politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (d. 2016)
- 1931 - John Buchanan, Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2019)
- 1931 - Ronald Hynd, English dancer and choreographer
- 1933 - Anthony Llewellyn, Welsh-American chemist and astronaut (d. 2013)
- 1935 - Christopher Ball, English linguist and academic
- 1935 - Paul Chambers, African-American bassist and composer (d. 1969)
- 1935 - Bhama Srinivasan, Indian-American mathematician and academic
- 1936 - Glen Campbell, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (d. 2017)
- 1936 - Pierre Hétu, Canadian pianist and conductor (d. 1998)
- 1937 - Jack Nicholson, American actor and producer
- 1937 - Jack Nitzsche, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and conductor (d. 2000)
- 1938 - Alan Bond, English-Australian businessman (d. 2015)
- 1938 - Gani Fawehinmi, Nigerian lawyer and activist (d. 2009)
- 1938 - Issey Miyake, Japanese fashion designer (d. 2022)
- 1938 - Adam Raphael, English journalist and author
- 1939 - Mel Carter, American singer and actor
- 1939 - John Foley, English general and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
- 1939 - Ray Guy, Canadian journalist and author (d. 2013)
- 1939 - Jason Miller, American actor and playwright (d. 2001)
- 1939 - Theodor Waigel, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of Finance
- 1941 - Greville Howard, Baron Howard of Rising, English politician
- 1942 - Giorgio Agamben, Italian philosopher and academic
- 1942 - Mary Prior, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Bristol
- 1943 - Keith Crisco, American businessman and politician (d. 2014)
- 1943 - Janet Evanovich, American author
- 1943 - Louise Glück, American poet (d. 2023)
- 1943 - John Maples, Baron Maples, English lawyer and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence (d. 2012)
- 1943 - Scott W. Williams, American mathematician and professor
- 1944 - Steve Fossett, American businessman, pilot, and sailor (d. 2007)
- 1944 - Doug Jarrett, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2014)
- 1944 - Joshua Rifkin, American conductor and musicologist
- 1945 - Gopalkrishna Gandhi, Indian civil servant and politician, 22nd Governor of West Bengal
- 1945 - Demetrio Stratos, Greek-Egyptian singer-songwriter (d. 1979)
- 1946 - Steven L. Bennett, American captain and pilot, Medal of Honor recipient (d. 1972)
- 1946 - Paul Davies, English physicist and author
- 1946 - Louise Harel, Canadian lawyer and politician
- 1946 - Archy Kirkwood, Baron Kirkwood of Kirkhope, Scottish lawyer and politician
- 1946 - Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford, English economist and academic
- 1946 - John Waters, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1948 - John Pritchard, English bishop
- 1949 - Spencer Haywood, American basketball player[21]
- 1950 - Peter Frampton, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1950 - Jancis Robinson, English journalist and critic
- 1951 - Aivars Kalējs, Latvian organist, composer, and pianist
- 1951 - Ana María Shua, Argentinian author and poet
- 1957 - Donald Tusk, Polish journalist and politician, 14th Prime Minister of Poland
- 1959 - Terry Francona, American baseball player and manager[22]
- 1959 - Ryan Stiles, American-Canadian actor and comedian[23]
- 1960 - Mart Laar, Estonian historian and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Estonia
- 1961 - Jeff Hostetler, American football player[24]
- 1961 - Alo Mattiisen, Estonian composer (d. 1996)
- 1962 - Jeff Minter, British video game designer and programmer[25]
- 1962 - Danièle Sauvageau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1963 - Rosalind Gill, English sociologist and academic
- 1963 - Sean Lock, English comedian and actor (d. 2021)[26]
- 1966 - Mickey Morandini, American baseball player and manager
- 1966 - Jeffrey Dean Morgan, American actor[27]
- 1967 - David J. C. MacKay, English physicist, engineer, and academic (d. 2016)
- 1967 - Sherri Shepherd, American actress, comedian, and television personality[28]
- 1970 - Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer and actress[29]
- 1976 - Dan Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- 1978 - Paul Malakwen Kosgei, Kenyan runner and coach
- 1979 - Zoltán Gera, Hungarian international footballer and manager[30]
- 1979 - Daniel Johns, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1980 - Quincy Timberlake, Kenyan-Australian activist, engineer, and politician
- 1982 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer
- 1983 - Sam W. Heads, English-American entomologist and palaeontologist
- 1983 - Shkëlzen Shala, Albanian entrepreneur and veganism activist
- 1986 - Amber Heard, American actress[31]
- 1986 - Marshawn Lynch, American football player[32]
- 1987 - David Luiz, Brazilian footballer[33]
- 1988 - Dee Strange-Gordon, American baseball player[34]
- 1990 - Machine Gun Kelly, American rapper, singer, songwriter, actor[35]
- 1990 - Kevin Kiermaier, American baseball player[36]
- 1990 - Eve Muirhead, Scottish curler[37]
- 1991 - Danni Wyatt, English cricketer[38] [39]
- 2011 - Violet McGraw, American actress[40]
Deaths
Pre-1600
1601–1900
- 1616 - Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright (b. 1547)
- 1672 - Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish linguist and poet (b. 1598)
- 1699 - Hans Erasmus Aßmann, German poet (b. 1646)
- 1758 - Antoine de Jussieu, French botanist and physician (b. 1686)
- 1778 - James Hargreaves, British inventor (b. 1720)
- 1806 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (b. 1763)
- 1821 - Gregory V of Constantinople, Greek patriarch and saint (b. 1746)
- 1833 - Richard Trevithick, English engineer and explorer (b. 1771)
- 1850 - Friedrich Robert Faehlmann, Estonian philologist and physician (b. 1798)
- 1854 - Nicolás Bravo, Mexican general and politician, 11th President of Mexico (b. 1786)
- 1871 - Martín Carrera, Mexican general and president (1855) (b. 1806)[43]
- 1877 - James P. Kirkwood, Scottish-American engineer (b. 1807)
- 1892 - Édouard Lalo, French violinist and composer (b. 1823)
- 1893 - Chaim Aronson, Lithuanian businessman and author (b. 1825)
- 1894 - Kostas Krystallis, Greek author and poet (b. 1868)
- 1896 - Thomas Meik, English engineer, founded Halcrow Group (b. 1812)
1901–present
- 1908 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
- 1925 - André Caplet, French composer and conductor (b. 1878)
- 1929 - Henry Lerolle, French painter and art collector (b. 1848)
- 1932 - Ferenc Oslay, Hungarian-Slovene historian and author (b. 1883)
- 1933 - Henry Royce, English engineer and businessman, co-founded Rolls-Royce Limited (b. 1863)
- 1945 - Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician and academic (b. 1900)
- 1945 - Käthe Kollwitz, German painter and sculptor (b. 1867)
- 1950 - Charles Hamilton Houston, American lawyer and academic (b. 1895)
- 1951 - Horace Donisthorpe, English myrmecologist and coleopterist (b. 1870)
- 1978 - Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1980 - Jane Froman, American actress and singer (b. 1907)
- 1980 - Fritz Strassmann, German chemist and physicist (b. 1902)
- 1983 - Earl Hines, American pianist and bandleader (b. 1903)
- 1984 - Ansel Adams, American photographer and environmentalist (b. 1902)
- 1985 - Paul Hugh Emmett, American chemist and academic (b. 1900)
- 1985 - Jacques Ferron, Canadian physician and author (b. 1921)
- 1986 - Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian and author (b. 1907)
- 1987 - Erika Nõva, Estonian architect (b. 1905)
- 1988 - Grigori Kuzmin, Russian-Estonian astronomer and academic (b. 1917)
- 1988 - Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
- 1989 - Emilio G. Segrè, Italian-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- 1990 - Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928)
- 1994 - Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
- 1995 - Jane Kenyon, American poet and author (b. 1947)
- 1996 - Erma Bombeck, American journalist and author (b. 1927)
- 1996 - Jug McSpaden, American golfer and architect (b. 1908)
- 1999 - Munir Ahmad Khan, Pakistani nuclear engineer (b. 1926)
- 2003 - Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
- 2005 - Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)[44]
- 2005 - Philip Morrison, American physicist and academic (b. 1915)
- 2005 - Eduardo Paolozzi, Scottish sculptor and artist (b. 1924)
- 2006 - Henriette Avram, American computer scientist and academic (b. 1919)
- 2006 - Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
- 2007 - Juanita Millender-McDonald, American educator and politician (b. 1938)
- 2009 - Jack Cardiff, British cinematographer, director and photographer (b. 1914)
- 2010 - Richard Barrett, American lawyer and activist (b. 1943)
- 2012 - George Rathmann, American chemist, biologist, and businessman (b. 1927)
- 2013 - Richie Havens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
- 2013 - Lalgudi Jayaraman, Indian violinist and composer (b. 1930)
- 2013 - Robert Suderburg, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1936)
- 2014 - Oswaldo Vigas, Venezuelan painter (b. 1926)
- 2015 - Dick Balharry, Scottish environmentalist and photographer (b. 1937)
- 2017 - Donna Leanne Williams, Australian writer, artist, and activist (b. 1963)
- 2020 - Shirley Knight, American actress (b. 1936)[45]
- 2021 - Adrian Garrett, American professional baseball player (b. 1943)[46]
- 2022 - Guy Lafleur, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1951)[47]
- 2023 - Len Goodman, English ballroom dancer and television personality (b. 1944)[48]
Holidays and observances
External links
Notes and References
- News: Durand. Frédéric. Curtis. Dato' Richard. Maps of Malaya and Borneo: Discovery, Statehood and Progress. The collections of H.R.H. Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah and Dato' Richard Curtis. Kuala Lumpur. Editions Didier Millet. 2013. 9789834477370. 36.
- Book: Moore, Stephen L.. Eighteen Minutes: The Battle of San Jacinto and the Texas Independence Campaign. Dallas. Republic of Texas Press. 2004. 978-1-58907-009-7. 374–379.
- Web site: U.S. Department of the Treasury . 2011 . History of 'In God We Trust' . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20211224051104/https://www.treasury.gov/about/education/Pages/in-god-we-trust.aspx . Dec 24, 2021.
- Book: McCallum, Jack. Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century. Santa Barbara, Calif.. ABC-CLIO. 2008. 9781851096930. 306.
- Book: Weed, Mike. Olympic Tourism. Oxford, UK. Butterworth-Heinemann. 2008. 978-0-7506-8161-2. 157.
- Book: Dege, Wilhelm. War North of 80: The Last German Arctic Weather Station of World War II. 2004.
- Web site: Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg): History & Overview. 2022-09-27. jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Jewish Virtual Library.
- Book: Mink, Nicolaas. Earth Day. Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices. Chapman. Roger. Armonk, N.Y.. M.E. Sharpe. 2010. 9780765617613. 148.
- Web site: Ranter. Harro. ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-321B N446PA Denpasar. 2021-04-21. aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network.
- Web site: 1992-04-23. Guadalajara Gas Blasts Kill 162 : Mexico: A daylong series of explosions thunders under the city, leveling houses and ripping open streets. More than 800 are injured. The cause is disputed.. 2021-05-17. Los Angeles Times. en-US.
- Web site: Laville . Sandra . Dodd . Vikram . 15 November 2011 . Stephen Lawrence killed because of 'the colour of his skin' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230806201217/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2011/nov/16/stephen-lawrence-murder-trial . 6 August 2023 . 6 August 2023 . The Guardian.
- News: 2020-04-23 . How one crash claimed the lives of four police officers on Melbourne's busy Eastern Freeway . en-AU . ABC News . 2022-03-15.
- 32741 . Davies, (Sarah) Emily . Sara . Delamont.
- Web site: Carlton Crescent: Southampton's most spectacular Regency development. 2013-01-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20130127070142/http://southampton.gov.uk/Images/LHF2010autumn_tcm46-309725.pdf. dead. 27 January 2013. 2019-01-30.
- 36173 . Smyth, Dame Ethel Mary . Elizabeth . Kertesz.
- Jozef De Coo, Fritz Mayer van den Bergh: De verzamelaar, de verzameling. Schoten, C. Govaerts, 1979.
- Web site: 军阀吴佩孚的复杂人生. 7 November 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20050212133808/http://www.gmw.cn/content/2004-11/07/content_127301.htm. 12 February 2005. 13 July 2022. Chinese.
- [Jagdish Mehra]
- Web site: Women of History - B. abitofhistory.net. 2017-10-19.
- News: Traub . Alex . Estelle Harris, George's Mother on 'Seinfeld,' Dies at 93 . 4 April 2022 . The New York Times . April 3, 2022.
- Web site: Spencer Haywood. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. 15 February 2020.
- Web site: Terry Francona . . 11 April 2023.
- Web site: Laughing all the way with Ryan Stiles . . 11 April 2023 . 21 April 2017.
- Web site: Jeff Hostetler . . 11 April 2023.
- Boule, Pete. "Jeff Minter, fondateur de Llamasoft – Interview ." Eurogamer. 10 July 2012.
- News: Hayward . Anthony . Sean Lock obituary . 22 February 2023 . The Guardian . 18 August 2021.
- Web site: Bell . BreAnna . Hilarie Burton Celebrates Husband Jeffrey Dean Morgan's Birthday: 'Made Life a Massive Adventure' . . 11 April 2023 . 22 April 2022.
- Web site: Mazziotta . Julie . Sherri Shepherd Celebrates Her 54th Birthday After Losing 20 Lbs.: 'This Is the Best I've Ever Felt' . . 11 April 2023 . 22 April 2021.
- News: Valisno. Jeffrey. Fairy tale. Business World. November 16, 2012. October 28, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171127042321/http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Weekender&title=fairy-tale&id=61469. November 27, 2017.
- Web site: Zoltán Gera. soccerbase.com . 8 April 2020.
- Web site: McNiece . Mia . Amber Heard Heads to the Desert to Celebrate Her 30th Birthday With Husband Johnny Depp . . 11 April 2023 . 25 April 2016.
- Web site: Marshawn Lynch . . 11 April 2023.
- Web site: David Luiz . . 11 April 2023.
- Web site: Dee Strange-Gordon . . 11 April 2023.
- Web site: Machine Gun Kelly Biography & History. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170918065010/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/machine-gun-kelly-mn0002125399/biography. 2017-09-18. 2021-06-22. AllMusic. en.
- Web site: Kevin Kiermaier . . 11 April 2023.
- Web site: Eve Muirhead . olympedia.org . 15 March 2024 .
- Web site: Danielle Wyatt Stats, Bio, Facts and Career Info. 2021-04-23. www.cricket.com.au. en.
- Web site: Danni Wyatt profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos. 2021-04-23. ESPNcricinfo. en.
- Web site: Violet McGraw. Rotten Tomatoes. December 20, 2023.
- Book: Hakeda Yoshito S.. Kūkai : Major Works. 1972. Columbia University Press. 978-0-23103-627-6. 59.
- Book: Panton . James . Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy . 2011 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-7497-8 . 173 . en.
- Web site: MARTÍN CARRERA. Presidencia de la Republica de Mexico. es. May 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528043200/http://calderon.presidencia.gob.mx/mexico/gobernantes/mexico-1821-actualidad/martin-carrera/. May 28, 2019. dead.
- News: 20 April 2010 . 22. April 2010 - Vor 5 Jahren: Comic-Übersetzerin Erika Fuchs stirbt in München . de . . live . 29 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221229185318/https://www1.wdr.de/stichtag/stichtag5152.html . 29 December 2022.
- Web site: Dagan. Carmel. 2020-04-22. Shirley Knight, Oscar Nominee and 'Sweet Bird of Youth' Actress, Dies at 83. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200619151612/https://variety.com/2020/film/news/shirley-knight-dead-dies-sweet-bird-of-youth-1234587413/. 2020-06-19. 2021-07-06. Variety. en-US.
- Web site: 2021-04-23. Former major leaguer Adrian Garrett dies at 78. 2021-04-26. ESPN.com. en.
- Web site: 2022-04-22. Lafleur dies at 70, five-time Cup champion with Canadiens. 2022-04-22. NHL.com. en.
- Web site: Len Goodman obituary: From the East End to Strictly Come Dancing studio . BBC News . 24 April 2023 . 24 April 2023.
- Web site: Saint of the Day – 22 April – Pope Saint Caius I. 16 April 2018.
- Web site: St. Senorina – Saints & Angels – Catholic Online . Catholic . Online . Catholic Online.
- Web site: Fighter Aviation Day in Brazil Date in the current year: April 22, 2023 . AnydayGuide . 25 March 2023.
- Web site: Discovery Day in Brazil / April 22, 2018 . AnydayGuide.
- Web site: Earth Day 2020 . Earth Day.
- Web site: International Mother Earth Day – 22 April . www.un.org.
- Web site: Serbia – IHRA . www.holocaustremembrance.com.
- News: Stephen Lawrence Day to be held annually . 23 April 2018 . BBC News.
