September 20 Explained

Events

Pre-1600

• 1058  - Agnes of Poitou and Andrew I of Hungary meet to negotiate about the border territory of Burgenland.^[1]
• 1066  - At the Battle of Fulford, Harald Hardrada defeats earls Morcar and Edwin.^[2]
• 1187  - Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
• 1260  - The Great Prussian Uprising among the old Prussians begins against the Teutonic Knights.^[3]
• 1378  - Cardinal Robert of Geneva is elected as Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
• 1498  - The Nankai tsunami washes away the building housing the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in; it has been located outside ever since.
• 1519  - Ferdinand Magellan sets sail from Sanlúcar de Barrameda with about 270 men on his expedition which ultimately culminates in the first circumnavigation of the globe.
• 1586  - A number of conspirators in the Babington Plot are hanged, drawn and quartered.^{[4] [5]}

1601–1900

• 1602  - The Spanish-held Dutch town of Grave capitulates to a besieging Dutch and English army under the command of Maurice of Orange.^[6]
• 1697  - The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France, England, Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic, ending the Nine Years' War.
• 1737  - The Walking Purchase concludes, which forces the cession of 1.2e6acre of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
• 1792  - French troops stop an allied invasion of France at the Battle of Valmy.^[7]
• 1835  - The decade-long Ragamuffin War starts when rebels capture Porto Alegre in Brazil.
• 1854  - Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma.
• 1857  - The Indian Rebellion of 1857 ends with the recapture of Delhi by troops loyal to the East India Company.
• 1860  - The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom begins the first visit to North America by a Prince of Wales.
• 1863  - American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga, in northwestern Georgia, ends in a Confederate victory.
• 1870  - The Bersaglieri corps enter Rome through the Porta Pia, and complete the unification of Italy.
• 1871  - Bishop John Coleridge Patteson, first bishop of Melanesia, is martyred on Nukapu, now in the Solomon Islands.
• 1881  - U.S. President Chester A. Arthur is sworn in upon the death of James A. Garfield the previous day.^[8]
• 1893  - Charles Duryea and his brother road-test the first American-made gasoline-powered automobile.

1901–present

• 1911  - The White Star Line's collides with the British warship .^{[9] [10]}
• 1920  - Irish War of Independence: British police known as "Black and Tans" burn the town of Balbriggan and kill two local men in revenge for an IRA assassination.^[11]
• 1941  - The Holocaust in Lithuania: Lithuanian Nazis and local police begin a mass execution of 403 Jews in Nemenčinė.^[12]
• 1946  - The first Cannes Film Festival is held, having been delayed for seven years due to World War II.^[13]
• 1946  - Six days after a referendum, King Christian X of Denmark annuls the declaration of independence of the Faroe Islands.
• 1955  - The Treaty on Relations between the USSR and the GDR is signed.
• 1961  - Greek general Konstantinos Dovas becomes Prime Minister of Greece.^[14]
• 1962  - James Meredith, an African American, is temporarily barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
• 1965  - Following the Battle of Burki, the Indian Army captures Dograi in during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
• 1967  - The Cunard Liner Queen Elizabeth 2 is launched in Clydebank, Scotland.^[15]
• 1971  - Having weakened after making landfall in Nicaragua the previous day, Hurricane Irene regains enough strength to be renamed Hurricane Olivia, making it the first known hurricane to cross from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific.
• 1973  - Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in the Battle of the Sexes tennis match at the Houston Astrodome.^[16]
• 1973  - Singer Jim Croce, songwriter and musician Maury Muehleisen and four others die when their light aircraft crashes shortly after takeoff from Natchitoches Regional Airport in Louisiana.^[17]
• 1977  - Vietnam is admitted to the United Nations.^[18]
• 1979  - A French-supported coup d'état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokassa I.^[19]
• 1982  - NFL season: American football players in the National Football League begin a 57-day strike.^[20]
• 1984  - A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twenty-two people.^[21]
• 1989  - USAir Flight 5050 crashes into Bowery Bay during a rejected takeoff from LaGuardia Airport, killing two people.^[22]
• 1990  - South Ossetia declares its independence from Georgia.^[23]
• 2000  - The United Kingdom's MI6 Secret Intelligence Service building is attacked by individuals using a Russian-built RPG-22 anti-tank missile.^[24]
• 2001  - In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people, U.S. President George W. Bush declares a "War on Terror".^{[25] [26]}
• 2003  - Civil unrest in the Maldives breaks out after a prisoner is killed by guards.^[27]
• 2007  - Between 15,000 and 20,000 protesters march on Jena, Louisiana, United States, in support of six black youths who had been convicted of assaulting a white classmate.^[28]
• 2008  - A dump truck full of explosives detonates in front of the Marriott hotel in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing 54 people and injuring 266 others.^[29]
• 2011  - The United States military ends its "don't ask, don't tell" policy, allowing gay men and women to serve openly for the first time.^[30]
• 2017  - Hurricane Maria makes landfall in Puerto Rico as a powerful Category 4 hurricane, resulting in 2,975 deaths, US$90 billion in damage, and a major humanitarian crisis.^{[31] [32]}
• 2018  - At least 161 people die after a ferry capsizes close to the pier on Ukara Island in Lake Victoria, Tanzania.^[33]
• 2019  - Roughly four million people, mostly students, demonstrate across the world to address climate change.^{[34] [35]} Sixteen-year-old Greta Thunberg from Sweden leads the demonstration in New York City.

Births

Pre-1600

• 917  - Kyunyeo, Korean poet (d. 973)
• 1161  - Emperor Takakura of Japan (d. 1181)
• 1449  - Philipp I, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1500)
• 1486  - Arthur, Prince of Wales (d. 1502)^[36]
• 1504  - Philip III, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1559)
• 1514  - Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1590)
• 1593  - Gottfried Scheidt, German organist and composer (d. 1661)
• 1599  - Christian the Younger of Brunswick (d. 1623)

1601–1900

• 1608  - Jean-Jacques Olier, French priest and mystic, founder of the Society of Saint-Sulpice (d. 1657)
• 1614  - Martino Martini, Italian missionary, cartographer and historian (d. 1661)
• 1685  - Giuseppe Matteo Alberti, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1751)
• 1685  - Mateo de Toro Zambrano, 1st Count of La Conquista, President of the First Government Junta of Chile (d. 1811)^[37]
• 1746  - Maurice, Count de Benyovszky, Slovak-Hungarian explorer (d. 1786)
• 1758  - Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Haitian emperor (d. 1806)^[38]
• 1778  - Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian admiral, cartographer, and explorer (d. 1852)
• 1800  - Benjamin Franklin White, American singer and composer (d. 1879)
• 1815  - Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1869)
• 1819  - Frederick Ellsworth Sickels, American inventor (d. 1895)
• 1820  - John F. Reynolds, American general (d. 1863)
• 1831  - Kate Harrington, American poet and educator (d. 1917)
• 1833  - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian soldier and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
• 1842  - James Dewar, Scottish-English chemist and physicist (d. 1923)^[39]
• 1844  - William H. Illingworth, English-American photographer (d. 1893)
• 1847  - Susanna Rubinstein, Austrian psychologist (d. 1914)
• 1851  - Henry Arthur Jones, English playwright and critic (d. 1929)
• 1853  - Chulalongkorn, Siamese king (d. 1910)
• 1861  - Herbert Putnam, American lawyer and publisher, 8th Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
• 1872  - Maurice Gamelin, French general (d. 1958)
• 1873  - Sidney Olcott, Canadian-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1949)
• 1873  - Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian race car driver (d. 1944)
• 1875  - Matthias Erzberger, German publicist and politician (d. 1921)
• 1876  - Carleton Ellis, American inventor and chemist (d. 1941)
• 1878  - Upton Sinclair, American novelist, critic, and essayist (d. 1968)
• 1878  - Francisco Lagos Cházaro, acting president of Mexico (d. 1932)^[40]
• 1880  - Ildebrando Pizzetti, Italian composer, musicologist and critic (d. 1968)
• 1884  - Maxwell Perkins, American editor (d. 1947)
• 1885  - Enrico Mizzi, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1950)
• 1886  - Charles Williams, English author, poet, and critic (d. 1945)
• 1889  - Oskar Kaplur, Estonian wrestler (d. 1962)
• 1889  - Charles Reidpath, American runner and general (d. 1975)
• 1890  - Linda Eenpalu, Estonian activist and politician (d. 1967)
• 1891  - Tomás Garrido Canabal, Mexican revolutionary (d. 1943)
• 1893  - Colin Fraser Barron, Scottish-Canadian sergeant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1958)
• 1893  - Hermann Lux, German footballer and manager (d. 1962)
• 1895  - Walter Dubislav, German logician and philosopher of science (d. 1937)
• 1899  - Leo Strauss, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (d. 1973)

1901–present

• 1902  - Stevie Smith, English author and poet (d. 1971)^[41]
• 1906  - Jean Dréville, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1997)
• 1906  - Vera Faddeeva, Russian mathematician (d. 1983)
• 1910  - Dorothy Vaughan, American mathematician (d. 2008)^[42]
• 1913  - Sidney Dillon Ripley, American ornithologist and academic (d. 2001)
• 1914  - Kenneth More, English actor (d. 1982)
• 1915  - Malik Meraj Khalid, Pakistani politician, Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 2003)
• 1917  - Red Auerbach, American basketball player and coach (d. 2006)
• 1917  - Olga Dahl, Swedish genealogist (d. 2009)
• 1917  - Fernando Rey, Spanish actor (d. 1994)
• 1917  - Clarice Taylor, American actress (d. 2011)^[43]
• 1917  - Obdulio Varela, Uruguayan footballer (d. 1996)
• 1920  - Jay Ward, American animator, producer, and screenwriter, founded Jay Ward Productions (d. 1989)^[44]
• 1921  - Chico Hamilton, American drummer, composer, and bandleader (d. 2013)
• 1923  - Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Indian actor and producer (d. 2014)
• 1923  - Maurice Sauvé, Canadian economist, academic, and politician (d. 1992)
• 1924  - Gogi Grant, American singer (d. 2016)
• 1924  - Albert Marre, American director, and producer (d. 2012)
• 1924  - Jackie Paris, American singer and guitarist (d. 2004)
• 1925  - James Bernard, English composer and screenwriter (d. 2001)
• 1925  - Ananda Mahidol, King Rama VIII of Thailand (d. 1946)
• 1926  - Libero Liberati, Italian motorcycle racer (d. 1962)
• 1927  - Colette Bonheur, Canadian singer (d. 1966)
• 1927  - John Dankworth, English saxophonist, clarinet player, and composer (d. 2010)
• 1927  - Red Mitchell, American bassist, composer, and poet (d. 1992)^[45]
• 1927  - Rachel Roberts, Welsh actress (d. 1980)
• 1928  - Alberto de Lacerda, Mozambican-Portuguese poet and radio host (d. 2007)
• 1928  - Olga Ferri, Argentinian dancer and choreographer (d. 2012)
• 1928  - Donald Hall, American poet, editor, and critic (d. 2018)
• 1929  - Anne Meara, American actress and playwright (d. 2015)
• 1929  - Vittorio Taviani, Italian film director and screenwriter (d. 2018)
• 1929  - Joe Temperley, Scottish saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 2016)
• 1930  - Richard Montague, American mathematician and philosopher (d. 1971)
• 1931  - Cherd Songsri, Thai director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2006)
• 1933  - Dennis Viollet, English footballer and manager (d. 1999)
• 1934  - Hamit Kaplan, Turkish World and Olympic champion sports wrestler (d. 1976)
• 1934  - Sophia Loren, Italian actress^[46]
• 1934  - David Marquand, Welsh academic and politician^[47] (d. 2024)
• 1934  - Jeff Morris, American actor (d. 2004)
• 1934  - Rajinder Puri, Indian cartoonist, journalist, and activist (d. 2015)
• 1935  - David Pegg, English footballer (d. 1958)
• 1935  - Keith Roberts, English author and illustrator (d. 2000)
• 1935  - Jim Taylor, American football player and sportscaster (d. 2018)
• 1936  - Andrew Davies, Welsh author, screenwriter, and producer
• 1936  - Salvador Reyes Monteón, Mexican footballer and manager (d. 2012)
• 1937  - Birgitta Dahl, Swedish politician, Swedish Minister for the Environment
• 1937  - Garry Johnson, English general
• 1937  - Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005)
• 1938  - Eric Gale, American guitarist and producer (d. 1994)
• 1938  - Jane Manning, English soprano and educator (d. 2021)
• 1940  - Tarō Asō, Japanese target shooter and politician, 92nd Prime Minister of Japan
• 1940  - William Finley, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1940  - Anna Pavord, Welsh-English journalist and author
• 1941  - Dale Chihuly, American sculptor and educator
• 1941  - Sammy McMillan, Irish footballer
• 1942  - Rose Francine Rogombé, Gabonese lawyer and politician, President of Gabon (d. 2015)
• 1944  - Paul Madeley, English footballer (d. 2018)
• 1946  - Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj, Spiritual Master, Head of Science of Spirituality^[48]
• 1946  - Pete Coors, American businessman and politician
• 1946  - Markandey Katju, Indian lawyer and judge
• 1947  - Mia Martini, Italian singer (d. 1995)
• 1947  - Patrick Poivre d'Arvor, French journalist and author
• 1948  - Rey Langit, Filipino journalist and radio host
• 1948  - Victoria Mallory, American singer and actress (d. 2014)
• 1948  - George R. R. Martin, American novelist and short story writer
• 1948  - Chuck Panozzo, American bass player
• 1948  - John Panozzo, American drummer (d. 1996)
• 1949  - Mahesh Bhatt, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1949  - Anthony Denison, American actor
• 1950  - Loredana Bertè, Italian singer^[49]
• 1950  - Matt Blair, American football player (d. 2020)^[50]
• 1951  - Guy Lafleur, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2022) ^{[51] [52]}
• 1951  - Javier Marías, Spanish journalist, author, and academic (d. 2022)
• 1951  - Debbi Morgan, American actress
• 1951  - Greg Valentine, American wrestler
• 1953  - Rocky Mattioli, Italian-Australian boxer
• 1953  - Steve Tom, American actor
• 1954  - Anne McIntosh, Scottish lawyer and politician
  • 1954  - Henry Samueli, American businessman, co-founded Broadcom Corporation 1955  - Betsy Brantley, American actress
• 1955  - Johnny Kidd, English wrestler
• 1955  - Haim Moshe, Israeli singer^[53]
• 1955  - José Rivero, Spanish golfer
• 1956  - Jennifer Tour Chayes, American mathematician and computer scientist
• 1956  - Gary Cole, American actor
• 1956  - Steve Coleman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader
• 1956  - John Harle, English saxophonist, composer, conductor, and producer
• 1957  - Alannah Currie, New Zealand singer-songwriter
• 1957  - Michael Hurst, New Zealand actor and director
• 1957  - Vladimir Tkatchenko, Ukrainian-Russian basketball player^[54]
• 1958  - Arn Anderson, American wrestler and trainer
• 1959  - Joseph Alessi, American trombonist and educator
• 1959  - Joanna Domańska, Polish pianist and educator
• 1959  - Meral Okay, Turkish actress, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2012)^[55]
• 1960  - Lee Hall, English playwright and screenwriter
• 1960  - Dave Hemingway, English singer-songwriter and drummer
• 1960  - Deborah Roberts, American journalist
• 1961  - Lisa Bloom, American lawyer and journalist
• 1961  - Caroline Flint, English politician, Minister of State for Europe
• 1961  - Erwin Koeman, Dutch retired football player and coach
• 1962  - Jim Al-Khalili, Iraqi-English physicist, author, and academic
• 1963  - Anil Dalpat, Pakistani cricketer
• 1964  - Randy Bradbury, American bass player
• 1965  - Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen, Danish badminton player
• 1966  - Nuno Bettencourt, Portuguese singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967  - Roger Anderson, American wrestler
• 1967  - Martin Harrison, American football player
• 1967  - Kristen Johnston, American actress
• 1967  - Gunnar Nelson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1967  - Matthew Nelson, American singer-songwriter and bass player
• 1968  - Ijaz Ahmed, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1968  - Philippa Forrester, English television and radio presenter, producer and author
• 1968  - Leah Pinsent, Canadian actress
• 1968  - Darrell Russell, American race car driver (d. 2004)
• 1968  - Norah Vincent, American writer (d. 2022)^[56]
• 1969  - Patrick Pentland, Irish-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1969  - Tim Rogers, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1969  - Ben Shepherd, American musician and songwriter
• 1969  - Richard Witschge, Dutch footballer and coach
• 1970  - N'Bushe Wright, American actress and dancer
• 1971  - Todd Blackadder, New Zealand rugby player and coach
• 1971  - Masashi Hamauzu, Japanese pianist and composer
• 1971  - Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer and manager
• 1971  - Dominika Peczynski, Swedish singer and television host
• 1972  - Enuka Okuma, Canadian actress
• 1972  - Victor Ponta, Romanian jurist and politician, 63rd Prime Minister of Romania
• 1973  - Ronald McKinnon, American football player
• 1973  - Jo Pavey, English runner
• 1975  - Asia Argento, Italian actress
• 1975  - Moon Bloodgood, American actress
• 1975  - Joel Gertner, American wrestling announcer
• 1975  - Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
• 1975  - Jason Robinson, American saxophonist and composer
• 1976  - Jon Bernthal, American actor
• 1976  - Ainsley Earhardt, American political commentator
• 1977  - The-Dream, American singer, songwriter, and producer
• 1977  - Chris Mooney, American journalist and academic
• 1978  - Jason Bay, Canadian-American baseball player
• 1978  - Patrizio Buanne, Austrian-Italian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1978  - Héctor Camacho Jr., Puerto Rican-American boxer
• 1978  - Dante Hall, American football player
• 1978  - Sarit Hadad, Israeli singer^[57]
• 1978  - Scott Minto, Australian rugby league player
• 1978  - Charlie Weber, American actor
• 1979  - Crystle Stewart, American actress and beauty queen
• 1980  - Yung Joc, American rapper
• 1980  - Vladimir Karpets, Russian cyclist
• 1981  - Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player
• 1981  - David McMillan, American football player (d. 2013)
• 1981  - Ryan Tandy, Australian rugby league player (d. 2014)^[58]
• 1981  - Jordan Tata, American baseball player
• 1982  - Jason Bacashihua, American ice hockey player
• 1982  - Aaron Burkart, German race car driver
• 1982  - Brian Fortuna, American dancer and choreographer
• 1982  - Inna Osypenko-Radomska, Ukrainian-Azerbaijani sprint kayaker^[59]
• 1982  - Sexy Star, Mexican wrestler
• 1982  - Athanasios Tsigas, Greek footballer
• 1983  - Sancho Lyttle, Vincentian-Spanish basketball player^[60]
• 1983  - Freya Ross, Scottish runner
• 1983  - Ángel Sánchez, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1984  - Brian Joubert, French figure skater
• 1985  - Ian Desmond, American baseball player
• 1985  - Mami Yamasaki, Japanese model and actress
• 1986  - Hayato Fujita, Japanese wrestler
• 1986  - Aldis Hodge, American actor
• 1986  - İbrahim Kaş, Turkish footballer
• 1986  - Jason Nightingale, New Zealand rugby league player
• 1986  - A. J. Ramos, American baseball player^[61]
• 1987  - Gain, South Korean singer^[62]
• 1987  - Jack Lawless, American drummer
• 1987  - Tito Tebaldi, Italian rugby player
• 1988  - Sergei Bobrovsky, Russian ice hockey player
• 1988  - Coby Fleener, American football player^[63]
• 1988  - Khabib Nurmagomedov, Russian mixed martial artist^[64]
• 1988  - Ayano Ōmoto, Japanese singer and dancer
• 1988  - Ryan Simpkins, Australian rugby league player
• 1990  - Ken Giles, American baseball player^[65]
• 1990  - Carlos Hyde, American football player^[66]
• 1990  - Donatas Motiejūnas, Lithuanian basketball player^[67]
• 1990  - Phillip Phillips, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1990  - John Tavares, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1991  - Isaac Cofie, Ghanaian footballer
• 1992  - Michał Żyro, Polish footballer
• 1993  - Kyle Anderson, American-Chinese basketball player^[68]
• 1993  - Julian Draxler, German footballer
• 1995  - Laura Dekker, Dutch sailor
• 1995  - Sammi Hanratty, American actress
• 1995  - Rob Holding, English footballer
• 1996  - Ioana Loredana Roșca, Romanian tennis player
• 1997  - Itamar Einhorn, Israeli Olympic cyclist^[69]
• 1998  - Trevon Diggs, American football player^[70]
• 2003  - Thomas Matthew Crooks, American attempted assassin of Donald Trump (d. 2024)^[71]

Deaths

Pre-1600

• 855  - Gozbald, bishop of Würzburg
• 1085  - Hermann II, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (b. 1049)
• 1190  - Adelog of Hildesheim, German bishop
• 1241  - Conrad II of Salzwedel, German nobleman and bishop
• 1246  - Michael of Chernigov (b. 1185)
• 1266  - Jan Prandota, Bishop of Kraków
• 1328  - Ibn Taymiyyah, Syrian theologian and scholar (b. 1263)
• 1384  - Louis I, Duke of Anjou (b. 1339)
• 1440  - Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1371)
• 1460  - Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer (b. 1400)
• 1492  - Anne Neville, Countess of Warwick (b. 1426)
• 1501  - Agostino Barbarigo, Doge of Venice
• 1501  - Thomas Grey, 1st Marquess of Dorset, stepson of Edward IV of England (b. 1457)
• 1533  - Veit Stoss, German sculptor (b. c. 1447)
• 1537  - Pavle Bakić, medieval Serb monarch; last Serb Despot
• 1565  - Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)
• 1586  - Sir Anthony Babington, English Catholic conspirator (b. 1561)
• 1586  - Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (b. 1558)
• 1590  - Lodovico Agostini, Italian priest, composer, and scholar (b. 1534)

1601–1900

• 1625  - Heinrich Meibom, German historian and poet (b. 1555)
• 1627  - Jan Gruter, Dutch scholar and critic (b. 1560)
• 1639  - Johannes Meursius, Dutch historian and scholar (b. 1579)
• 1643  - Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English soldier and politician, Secretary of State for England (b. 1610)
• 1684  - Kim Seok-ju, Korean scholar and politician (b. 1634)
• 1793  - Fletcher Christian, English lieutenant and mutineer (b. 1764)
• 1803  - Robert Emmet, Irish republican (b. 1780)
• 1815  - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist and scholar (b. 1725)
• 1839  - Sir Thomas Hardy, 1st Baronet, English admiral (b. 1769)
• 1840  - José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Paraguayan lawyer and politician, Consul of Paraguay (b. 1766)
• 1845  - Matvei Gedenschtrom, Russian explorer and public servant (b. 1780)
• 1852  - Philander Chase, American bishop and educator, founded Kenyon College (b. 1775)
• 1855  - José Trinidad Reyes, Honduran priest and educator (b. 1797)
• 1863  - Jacob Grimm, German philologist and mythologist (b. 1785)
• 1884  - Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist and author (b. 1802)
• 1898  - Theodor Fontane, German author and poet (b. 1819)

1901–present

• 1906  - Robert R. Hitt, American politician, 13th United States Assistant Secretary of State (b. 1834)
• 1908  - Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
• 1927  - George Nichols, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1864)
• 1930  - Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian anthropologist and explorer (b. 1873)
• 1932  - Francisco S. Carvajal, Mexican lawyer and politician, president 1914 (b. 1870)
• 1933  - Annie Besant, English theosophist and activist (b. 1847)
• 1939  - Paul Bruchési, Canadian archbishop (b. 1855)
• 1942  - Kārlis Ulmanis, Latvian prime minister and president (b. 1877)^[72]
• 1945  - Augusto Tasso Fragoso, Brazilian politician, President of Brazil (b. 1869)
• 1945  - William Seabrook, American occultist, journalist, and explorer (b. 1884)
• 1945  - Eduard Wirths, German physician (b. 1909)
• 1947  - Fiorello H. La Guardia, American lawyer and politician, 99th Mayor of New York City (b. 1882)
• 1947  - Jantina Tammes, Dutch biologist, geneticist, and academic (b. 1871)
• 1957  - Heino Kaski, Finnish pianist and composer (b. 1885)
• 1957  - Jean Sibelius, Finnish violinist and composer (b. 1865)
• 1970  - Alexandros Othonaios, Greek general and politician, 126h Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1879)
• 1971  - Giorgos Seferis, Greek poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
• 1971  - James Westerfield, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1972  - Pierre-Henri Simon, French historian and author (b. 1903)
• 1973  - Jim Croce, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1943)
• 1975  - Saint-John Perse, French poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
• 1979  - Ludvík Svoboda, Czech general and politician, 8th President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1895)
• 1984  - Steve Goodman, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1948)
• 1987  - Michael Stewart, American playwright and composer (b. 1924)
• 1993  - Erich Hartmann, German soldier and pilot (b. 1922)
• 1994  - Abioseh Nicol, Sierra Leonean physician, academic, and diplomat (b. 1924)
• 1994  - Jule Styne, American composer (b. 1905)
• 1996  - Paul Erdős, Hungarian-Polish mathematician and academic (b. 1913)
• 1996  - Reuben Kamanga, Zambian politician, 1st Vice-President of Zambia (b. 1929)
• 1996  - Paul Weston, American pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1912)
• 1999  - Robert Lebel, Canadian businessman (b. 1905)
• 2000  - Gherman Titov, Russian general, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1935)
• 2002  - Sergei Bodrov Jr., Russian actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1971)
• 2003  - Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwean politician, 1st Vice-President of Zimbabwe (b. 1922)
• 2003  - Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn, Welsh lawyer and politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1941)
• 2004  - Brian Clough, English footballer and manager (b. 1935)
• 2004  - Townsend Hoopes, American soldier and historian (b. 1922)
• 2005  - Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian human rights activist, Holocaust survivor (b. 1908)
• 2006  - Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (b. 1932)
• 2006  - Sven Nykvist, Swedish director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1922)
• 2006  - John W. Peterson, American pilot and songwriter (b. 1921)
• 2007  - Johnny Gavin, Irish footballer (b. 1928)
• 2010  - Leonard Skinner, American soldier and educator (b. 1933)
• 2011  - Oscar Handlin, American historian and author (b. 1915)
• 2011  - Burhanuddin Rabbani, Afghan academic and politician, 10th President of Afghanistan (b. 1940)
• 2012  - Fortunato Baldelli, Italian cardinal (b. 1935)
• 2012  - Richard H. Cracroft, American author and academic (b. 1936)
• 2012  - Tereska Torrès, French soldier and author (b. 1920)
• 2013  - James B. Vaught, American general (b. 1926)
• 2013  - Gilles Verlant, Belgian journalist and critic (b. 1957)
• 2014  - Anatoly Berezovoy, Russian colonel, pilot, and cosmonaut (b. 1942)
• 2014  - Polly Bergen, American actress and singer (b. 1930)
• 2014  - Takako Doi, Japanese scholar and politician (b. 1928)
• 2014  - George Sluizer, French-Dutch director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1932)
• 2015  - Mario Caiano, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1933)
• 2015  - Jagmohan Dalmiya, Indian businessman (b. 1940)
• 2015  - Jack Larson, American actor (b. 1928)
• 2016  - Curtis Hanson, American film director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
• 2016  - Peter Leo Gerety, American bishop (b. 1912)
• 2024  - Ibrahim Aqil, Hezbollah militant (b. 1962)^[73]
• 2024  - Kathryn Crosby, American actress and singer (b. 1933)^[74]
• 2024  - Daniel J. Evans, American politician, 16th Governor of Washington (b. 1925)^[75]
• 2024  - Sayuri, Japanese musician (b. 1996)^[76]
• 2024  - Cleo Sylvestre, English actress (b. 1945)^[77]
• 2024 – Eduardo Xol, American designer and author (b. 1966)^[78]

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Agapitus (Western Christianity)
  • Eustace (Western Christianity)
  • Evilasius
  • Fausta of Cyzicus
  • Glycerius of Milan
  • Jean-Charles Cornay (one of Vietnamese Martyrs)
  • John Coleridge Patteson (commemoration, Anglicanism)
  • José Maria de Yermo y Parres
  • Korean Martyrs, including Andrew Kim Taegon and Laurent-Marie-Joseph Imbert
  • Theodore, Philippa and companions
  • Vincent Madelgarius (Maelceadar)
  • September 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Constitution Day (Nepal)
• Independence Day of South Ossetia (not fully recognized)
• National Youth Day (Thailand)
• Oil Workers' Day (Azerbaijan)
• Universal Children's Day (Germany)

External links

• Web site: On This Day . BBC.
  • Web site: Historical Events on September 20 . OnThisDay.com.

Notes and References

1. Landeschronik Niederösterreich: 3000 Jahre in Daten, Dokumenten und Bildern, Seite 104, Karl Gutkas, C. Brandstätter, 1990.
2. Book: Martin Collier. Changing Times, 1066-1500. 2003. Heinemann. 978-0-435-31330-2. 3.
3. Book: Andrzej Wakar. Bartoszyce: z dziejów miasta i okolic. 1987. Wydawn. Pojezierze. 978-83-7002-239-6. 438. pl.
4. Francis Edwards, S.J., Plots and plotters in the reign of Elizabeth I. (Dublin: Four Courts, 2002), p. 164.
5. Web site: The Babington Plot . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060218021207/http://www.gunpowder-plot.org/babingtonplot.asp . February 18, 2006 . September 13, 2022 . The Gunpowder Plot Society.
6. Book: Dalton. Charles. Life and Times of General Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount Wimbledon, Colonel of an English Regiment in the Dutch Service, 1605–1631, and One of His Majesty. 2012. 93–97. HardPress. 9781407753157.
7. Book: A Brief History of France. 1875. A.S. Barnes. 263.
8. Book: Anthony, Carl . America's first families : an inside view of 200 years of private life in the White House . Touchstone . New York . 2000 . 9780684864426 . 35.
9. Web site: Olympic | British ship. Encyclopedia Britannica. November 23, 2020.
10. Web site: Collision Between H.M.S. Hawke and R.M.S. Olympic . U.S. Naval Institute . en . December 1, 1911.
11. Leeson, D.M. The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, 1920–1921. Oxford University Press, 2011. pp. 25–26
12. Book: Josifas Levinsonas. Joseph Levinson. The Shoah (Holocaust) in Lithuania. 2006. Vilna Gaon Jewish State Museum. 978-5-415-01902-1. 119.
13. Book: Chris Gore. The Ultimate Film Festival Survival Guide. 2001. IFILM Pub.. 978-1-58065-032-8. 225.
14. Web site: Political Leaders: Greece. zarate.eu. November 23, 2020.
15. Web site: Launched at Clydebank on this day 50 years ago, the magnificent QE2 ruled the waves . The Sunday Post. September 19, 2017 . November 23, 2020.
16. Web site: 1973: Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in the Battle of the Sexes. Tennis.com. November 23, 2020.
17. Web site: Remembering Jim Croce. nightswithalicecooper.com. November 23, 2020. September 18, 2020. August 30, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230830180953/https://nightswithalicecooper.com/2020/09/18/remembering-jim-croce/. dead.
18. News: Vietnam Is Admitted to the U.N. As 32d General Assembly Opens (Published 1977). The New York Times . September 21, 1977. November 23, 2020.
19. News: Bokassa Is Reported Overthrown In Coup in Central African Empire . The New York Times . September 21, 1979. November 23, 2020.
20. Book: Commerce Clearing House. Tax Court Memorandum Decisions. 1997. Commerce Clearing House. 2660.
21. News: 23 Die, Including 2 Americans, In Terrorist Car Bomb Attack On The U.S. Embassy At Beirut; Blast Kills Driver. John. Kifner. The New York Times . September 21, 1984. November 23, 2020.
22. Web site: Ranter . Harro . ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-401 N416US New York-La Guardia Airport, NY (LGA) . September 19, 2022 . aviation-safety.net.
23. Web site: 38. Georgia/South Ossetia (1990–present). uca.edu. November 23, 2020.
24. News: Blasts rock MI6 headquarters. Jamie. Wilson. Rebecca. Allison. Steven. Morris. Vikram. Dodd. The Guardian . September 21, 2000. November 23, 2020. www.theguardian.com.
25. Web site: President Declares 'Freedom at War with Fear'. georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. November 26, 2019.
26. News: Transcript of President Bush's address . CNN . September 20, 2001 . September 20, 2021 . February 25, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080225062850/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/US/09/20/gen.bush.transcript/ . dead .
27. Web site: Riots break out in Maldives over prisoner's death. September 20, 2003. www.abc.net.au. November 23, 2020.
28. News: Thousands Protest Arrests of 6 Blacks in Jena, La.. Richard G.. Jones. The New York Times . September 21, 2007. November 23, 2020.
29. https://www.uk.mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSLK18396120080922 Reuters
30. News: 'Don't ask, don't tell' ban on gays in US military ends. BBC News . September 20, 2011. November 23, 2020.
31. News: Puerto Rico increases Hurricane Maria death toll to 2,975. BBC News . August 28, 2018. November 23, 2020.
32. Web site: Hurricane Maria could be a $95 billion storm for Puerto Rico. Jill. Disis. September 28, 2017. CNNMoney. November 23, 2020.
33. Web site: Captain of capsized ferry on Lake Victoria arrested after order from Tanzania president. September 22, 2018.
34. Web site: Greta Thunberg: teenager on a global mission to 'make a difference'. The Guardian. Belam. Martin. September 26, 2019. October 6, 2019.
35. Web site: How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate. . . Barclay . Eliza . Resnick . Brian . September 20, 2019 . September 21, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate . September 21, 2019 . live.
36. Book: J. A. B. Somerset. Shropshire. 1994. University of Toronto Press. 978-0-8020-0648-6. 714.
37. Web site: Recopilación de Genealogia Chilena . January 5, 2009 . Pilleux Cepeda . Mauricio . es .
38. Book: Michael R. Hall. Historical Dictionary of Haiti. 2012. Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-7810-5. 80.
39. Book: Alexander . Findlay . William Hobson . Mills . British Chemists . London . Chemical Society . 1947 . 2884090 . 31.
40. Web site: Francisco Lagos Chazaro. Busca Biografias . es. May 29, 2019.
41. Book: Sanford Sternlicht. In Search of Stevie Smith. 1991. Syracuse University Press. 978-0-8156-2504-9. 4.
42. Web site: Famous birthdays for Sept. 20: Sophia Loren, Gary Cole . . 19 September 2023 . 20 September 2022.
43. News: Clarice Taylor of 'The Cosby Show' dies at 93. Boston.com. June 2, 2011.
44. Web site: Joseph W Cohen, born on September 20, 1920 in San Francisco County, California. . CaliforniaBirthIndex.org . December 11, 2021.
45. Book: The Guinness Who's Who of Jazz. Colin Larkin. Guinness Publishing. 1992. 1st. 0-85112-580-8. 286–287.
46. Web site: Rose . Mike . Today's famous birthdays list for September 20, 2022 includes celebrities Jon Bernthal, George R.R. Martin . . . 19 September 2023 . 20 September 2022.
47. Web site: Mr David Marquand. Hansard. May 26, 2019.
48. Web site: Sant Rajinder Singh Ji Maharaj. Biography. Soulcoaches. October 1, 2018.
49. Web site: Biografia – L'Infanzia: 1950 Loredana Bertè Official Website. Biography. Loredana Bertè Official Website. October 27, 2017 . September 20, 2022.
50. Web site: Craig . Mark . Former Vikings great Matt Blair dies at age 70, likely linked to CTE . . 19 September 2023 . 23 October 2020.
51. Web site: Cowan . Stu . April 22, 2022 . Montreal Canadiens legend Guy Lafleur dies at 70 . Montreal Gazette . en.
52. News: Geleven . Douglas . Canadiens icon Guy Lafleur, one of hockey's flashiest players, dead at 70 . April 22, 2022 . CBC News . April 22, 2022.
53. Web site: Haim Moshe. National Library of Israel.
54. Web site: Vladimir Tkatchenko European Championship for Men (1979).
55. Web site: Turkey's famous screenwriter dies. Istanbul. Hürriyet Daily News. April 10, 2012. June 10, 2023.
56. News: Green . Penelope . Norah Vincent, Who Chronicled Passing as a Man, Is Dead at 53 . January 19, 2023 . The New York Times . August 18, 2022.
57. Web site: Israeli Pop Singer Sarit Hadad's Song 'Nadlik Beyakhad Ner' Selected to Compete in the Eurovision Song Contest. November 26, 2001. Jewish Women's Archive.
58. Web site: Ryan Tandy: Rugby league player whose career was overshadowed by personal demons and who was banned for match-fixing. Hadfield. Dave. The Independent. April 29, 2014. June 10, 2023.
59. Web site: Inna Osipenko-Rodomska. International Olympic Committee. March 6, 2020.
60. Web site: Sancho Lyttle . . 19 September 2023.
61. Web site: AJ Ramos . . 19 September 2023.
62. Book: Mark Russell . K-Pop Now!: The Korean Music Revolution . 2014 . Tuttle Publishing . 978-1-4629-1411-1 . 89 . October 30, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160527064350/https://books.google.com/books?id=etDZAwAAQBAJ . May 27, 2016 . live.
63. Web site: Coby Fleener . . 19 September 2023.
64. Web site: Khabib Nurmagomedov – About. June 21, 2021. June 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190604214106/http://khabib.com/en/about/. dead.
65. Web site: Ken Giles . . 19 September 2023.
66. Web site: Carlos Hyde . . 19 September 2023.
67. Web site: Donatas Motiejunas . . 19 September 2023.
68. Web site: Kyle Anderson . . 19 September 2023.
69. Web site: Itamar Einhorn. www.procyclingstats.com.
70. Web site: Trevon Diggs . . 19 September 2023.
71. Web site: Trump rally shooter Thomas Crooks: Neighbors, classmates, employer speak . USA Today . 14 July 2024.
72. Web site: Kārlis Ulmanis Valsts prezidenta kanceleja . April 14, 2023 . www.president.lv . en.
73. Web site: Bachega . Hugo . Cursino . Malu . September 20, 2024 . Beirut strike: Top Hezbollah commander killed in Israeli strike . September 21, 2024 . . en-GB.
74. News: Green . Penelope . September 22, 2024 . Kathryn Crosby, Actress and Bing Crosby’s Widow, Dies at 90 . The New York Times.
75. News: Clymer . Adam . McFadden . Robert D. . September 21, 2024 . Daniel J. Evans, 98, Washington State Governor Who Went to Senate, Dies . September 22, 2024 . The New York Times.
76. Web site: People . 29 Comments . 2024-09-28 . Singer-Songwriter Sayuri Dies at 28 . 2024-09-29 . Anime News Network . en.
77. Web site: Cleo Sylvestre: Trailblazing actress dies aged 79 . BBC News . 20 September 2024 . 20 September 2024.
78. Web site: 2024-09-26 . 'Extreme Makeover: Home Edition' designer dies after Palm Springs stabbing . 2024-10-04 . ABC7 Los Angeles . en.