2024 in science explained
The following scientific events occurred or are scheduled to occur in 2024.
Events
January
- – The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) publishes its JRA-55 dataset, confirming 2023 as the warmest year on record globally, at above the 1850–1900 baseline. This is above the previous record set in 2016.[1]
- – The first functional semiconductor made from graphene is created.[2] [3]
- – A review indicates digital rectal examination (DRE) is an outdated routine medical practice, with a lower cancer detection rate compared to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and no benefit from combining DRE and PSA.[4] [5]
- Scientists report that newborn galaxies in the very early universe were "banana"-shaped, much to the surprise of researchers.[6] [7]
- An analysis of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes concludes scaling them could yield substantial public health benefits.[8] [9]
- A group of scientists from around the globe have charted paradigm-shifting restorative pathways to mitigate the worst effects of climate change and biodiversity loss with a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability, human wellbeing and reducing social and economic inequality.[12] [13]
- Researchers have discovered a new phase of matter, named a "light-matter hybrid", which may reshape understanding of how light interacts with matter.[14]
- A study of proteins in cerebrospinal fluid indicates there are five subtypes of Alzheimer's disease, suggesting it to be likely that subtype-specific treatments are required.[15] [16]
- A study finds seaweed farming could be set up as a resilient food solution within roughly a year in abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios such as after a nuclear war or a large volcano eruption.[17] [18]
- Scientists report the extinction of Gigantopithecus blacki, the largest primate to ever inhabit the Earth, that lived between 2 million and 350,000 years ago, was largely due to the inability of the ape to adapt to a diet better suited to a significantly changed environment.[20] [21]
- Biologists report the discovery of the oldest known skin, fossilized about 289 million years ago, and possibly the skin from an ancient reptile.[22] [23]
- Scientists report the discovery of Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis, an older species of Tyrannosaurus that lived 5-7 million years before Tyrannosaurus rex, and which may be fundamentally important to the evolution of the species.[24] [25]
- A study of the Caatinga region in Brazil finds that its semi-arid biome could lose over 90% of mammal species by 2060, even in a best-case scenario of climate change.[26]
- A graphene-based implant on the surface of mouse brains, in combination with a two-photon microscope, is shown to capture high-resolution information on neural activity at depths of 250 micrometers.[27] [28]
- A review of genetic data from 21 studies with nearly one million participants finds more than 50 new genetic loci and 205 novel genes associated with depression, opening potential targets for drugs to treat depression.[29] [30]
- The Upano Valley sites are reported as the oldest Amazonian cities built over 2500 years ago, with a unique "garden urbanism" city design.[31] [32]
- A study presents results of a Riyadh-based trial of eight urban heat mitigation scenarios, finding large cooling effects with combinations that include reflective rooftop materials, irrigated greenery, and retrofitting.[33] [34]
2023 is confirmed as the hottest year on record by several science agencies.[35]
- NASA reports a figure of 1.4 degrees Celsius above the late 19th century average, when modern record-keeping began.[36]
- NOAA reports a figure of 1.35 degrees Celsius.[37]
- Berkeley Earth reports a figure of 1.54 degrees Celsius.[38]
- An AI-based study shows for the first time that fingerprints from different fingers of the same person share strong detectable similarities.[39] [40]
- – NASA fully opens the recovered container with samples from the Bennu asteroid, after three months of failed attempts.[41] [42]
- – The first successful cloning of a rhesus monkey is reported by scientists in China.[43] [44]
- – A study in Nature finds that the Greenland ice sheet is melting 20% faster than previously estimated, due to the effects of calving-front retreat. The loss of 30m tonnes of ice an hour is "sufficient to affect ocean circulation and the distribution of heat energy around the globe."[45] [46]
- NASA reports the end of the Ingenuity helicopter's operation, after 72 successful flights on Mars, due to a broken rotor blade.[47] [48]
- A potential candidate for the first known radio pulsar-black hole binary is reported by astronomers. The heavier of the two lies in the "mass gap" between neutron stars and black holes. The pair are located in the globular cluster NGC 1851.[49] [50]
- Two insect-like robots, a mini-bug and a water strider, are reported as being the smallest, lightest, and fastest fully-functional micro-robots ever created.[51] [52]
- Bottom trawling is found to release 340 million tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere each year, nearly 1 percent of all global CO2 emissions in addition to acidifying oceans.[53] [54]
- – Japan becomes the fifth country to achieve a soft landing on the Moon, with its SLIM mission.[55] [56]
- – Biologists report the discovery of "obelisks", a new class of viroid-like elements, and "oblins", their related group of proteins, in the human microbiome.[57] [58]
- – A viable and sustainable approach for gold recovery from e-waste is demonstrated.[59] [60]
- The discovery of 85 exoplanet candidates based on data from the TESS observatory is reported. All have orbital periods of between 20 and 700 days, with temperatures similar to those of our own Solar System planets.[61]
- A global analysis of groundwater levels reports rapid declines of over 0.5 meters per year are widespread and that declines have accelerated over the past four decades in 30% of the world's regional aquifers. The study also shows cases in which depletion trends have reversed following interventions such as policy changes.[62] [63]
- – The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is given the go-ahead by the European Space Agency (ESA). It will launch in 2035.[64] [65]
- – Astronomers report the detection of water vapor in the atmosphere of GJ 9827 d, an exoplanet about twice the size of Earth.[66] [67]
-
- A robotic sensor able to read braille with 87.5% accuracy and at twice the speed of a human is demonstrated.[69]
- – NASA reports the discovery of a super-Earth called TOI-715 b, located in the habitable zone of a red dwarf star about 137 light-years away.[70] [71]
a self-powered solar panel cleaning system using an electrodynamic screen, removing contaminants through high-voltage electric fields, is demonstrated (4 Jan),[72] [73] an atmospheric water generator (WaterCube) for humidity levels above 40% is released (9 Jan).[74]
mouse-tested novel antibiotics class (including Zosurabalpin) against A. baumannii (3 Jan),[75] [76] small-trialed focused ultrasound for blood–brain barrier opening for better medication (Aducanumab) entry against Alzheimer's disease (3 Jan),[77] [78] a review supports the of exercise against depression (15 Jan),[79] an available blood test to detect Alzheimer's disease with high accuracy using p-tau217 (22 Jan),[80] [81] one of two small-trialed gene therapies against DFNB9-deafness (24 Jan),[82] [83] phase 3-trialed dengue vaccine effective against at least two of four dengue types (31 Jan)[84] [85]
- : ~240.000 particles of microplastic and nanoplastics (~90%) per liter are found in samples of plastic-bottled water (8 Jan),[86] [87] a study estimates harmful chemicals used in plastic materials have caused $249 U.S. healthcare system costs in 2018 (11 Jan),[88] [89] a study indicates fungal infections may be causing millions more deaths annually than thought (12 Jan),[90] [91] a study of European plastic waste exports to Vietnam finds a large fraction is dumped in nature and suggests air pollution from melting plastics and untreated wastewater have significant impact on health (18 Jan).[92] [93]
February
- – A global review of harms from personal car automobility finds cars have killed 60–80 million people since their invention, with automobility causing roughly every 34th death, and summarises interventions that are ready for implementation to reduce the, largely crash-linked or pollution-mediated, deaths from automobility-centrism and dependency.[124] [125]
- – The northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima), a new species of the giant snake, is described for the first time.[129]
- Researchers use artificial intelligence to forecast plasma instabilities in fusion reactors up to 300 milliseconds in advance.[130]
- The first neuroimaging study that shows flow state-related brain activity during a creative production task, jazz improvisation, is published. Its results support a theory that creative flow represents optimized specialized processing enabled by extensive experience, relaxing conscious control.[131] [132]
LAION releases a first version of BUD-E, a fully open source voice assistant (8 Feb),[146] Minesto's Dragon 12 underwater tidal kite turbines are demonstrated successfully, connected to the Faroe Island's power grid (11 Feb),[147] rice grains as scaffolds containing cultured animal cells are demonstrated (14 Feb),[148] [149] an automatic waste sorting system (ZenRobotics 4.0) that can distinguish between over 500 waste categories is released (15 Feb),[150] researchers describe an AI ecosystem interface of foundation models connected to many APIs as specialized subtask-solvers (16 Feb),[151] precision fermentation-derived beta-lactoglobulin is released as a substitute for whey protein amid growth of a nascent animal-free dairy industry (19 Feb),[152] researchers describe an approach for an optical disk with petabit capacity (21 Feb).[153] [154]
phase 3-trialed R21/Matrix-M vaccine against Malaria (1 Feb),[155] phase 3-trialed resmetirom as first medication against nonalcoholic steatohepatitis of the liver (7 Feb),[156] [157] a blood test against heart attacks, the top cause of human deaths (12 Feb),[158] [159] a low-cost saliva test against breast cancer (13 Feb),[160] [161] pigs-tested patient repositioning method for magnetic microbot navigation against liver cancer (14 Feb),[162] [163] antibiotic cresomycin against multiple drug-resistant bacterial strains (15 Feb),[164] [165] small-trialed 15 min exposure to 670 nm red light against blood glucose spikes following meals (20 Feb),[166] small-trialed Omalizumab against food allergies (25 Feb),[167] [168] a donor heart is transplanted after 12 hours of preservation and transport using an airplane,[169] [170] small-trialed headgear for gamma stimulation to recruit the glymphatic system to remove brain amyloid against Alzheimer's disease (28 Feb).[171] [172]
- : several dietary habits and products including teabags are linked to PFAS intake (4 Feb),[173] [174] an additional three billion people may face water scarcity by 2050 when river pollution is considered, an aspect neglected by prior assessments (6 Feb),[175] [176] HPV infection linked to higher cardiovascular mortality (7 Feb),[177] researchers use simulations to develop an early-warning signal for a potential collapse of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and suggest it indicates the AMOC is "on route to tipping" (9 Feb),[178] [179] researchers report the H5N1 bird flu virus may be changing and adapting to infect more mammals (12 Feb),[180] [181] researchers report how compounding disturbances could trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions in the Amazon rainforest (14 Feb),[182] [183] harmful chlormequat is found in ~80% of U.S. adult urine samples, rising during 2023, and in oat-based foods widely thought to be healthy (15 Feb),[184] [185] excess amounts of widely-supplemented niacin (B3) are linked to cardiovascular risk (19 Feb),[186] [187] a review concludes available evidence on the use of puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones in minors with gender dysphoria is very limited and based on only a few studies with small numbers which have problematic methodology and quality, warning about their use outside of clinical studies or research projects after careful risk-benefit evaluation (27 Feb).[188] [189]
March
- Astronomers report that the surface of Europa, a moon of the planet Jupiter, may have much less oxygen than previously inferred, suggesting that the moon has a less hospitable environment for the existence of lifeforms than may have been considered earlier.[190] [191]
- Biochemists report making an RNA molecule that was able to make accurate copies of a different type of RNA molecule, moving closer to an RNA that could make accurate copies of itself, and, as a result, providing support for an RNA world that may have been an essential way of starting the origin of life.[192] [193]
- – The first creation of induced pluripotent stem cells for the Asian elephant is reported by Colossal Biosciences, a key step towards de-extinction of the woolly mammoth.[194]
- – Geologists identify a 2.4-million-year cycle in deep-sea sedimentary data, caused by an orbital interaction between Earth and Mars.[195] [196] [197]
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- The largest inventory of methane emissions from U.S. oil and gas production finds them to be largely concentrated and around three times the national government inventory estimate.[199] [200] On 28 March, methane emissions from U.S. landfills are quantified, with super-emitting point-sources accounting for almost 90% thereof.[201] [202]
- – SpaceX successfully launches the Starship spacecraft, but loses the rocket upon re-entering the atmosphere.[203]
- Scientists demonstrate a wireless network of 78 tiny sensors able to gather data from the brain, with potential to be scaled up to thousands of such devices.[204] [205]
- Researchers with the National Severe Storms Laboratory, Storm Prediction Center, CIWRO, and the University of Oklahoma's School of Meteorology publish a paper where they state, ">20% of supercell tornadoes may be capable of producing EF4–EF5 damage" and that "the legacy F-scale wind speed ranges may ultimately provide a better estimate of peak tornado wind speeds at 10–15 m AGL for strong–violent tornadoes and a better damage-based intensity rating for all tornadoes" and also put the general 0–5 ranking scale in question.[206]
- – The removal of HIV from infected cells using CRISPR gene-editing technology is reported.[207]
- – A study outlines identified ecological pandemic prevention measures for policy frameworks.[208] [209]
researchers demonstrate simultaneous radiative cooling and solar power generation from the same area (13 Mar).[215]
a blood test against colon cancer (13 Mar),[216] [217] mice-tested antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells against immune system aging (27 Mar).[218] [219]
April
- 1 April – An entirely new class of antibiotics with potent activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria is discovered. These compounds target a protein called LpxH, and are shown to cure bloodstream infections in mice.[228] [229]
- 3 April – NASA selects three companies – Intuitive Machines, Lunar Outpost and Venturi Astrolab – to develop its Lunar Terrain Vehicle, for use in crewed Artemis missions from 2030 onwards.[230]
- 4 April – A study in Nature finds that global CO2 emissions increased by only 0.1% in 2023, suggesting that a plateau may have been reached.[231]
- 5 April – A numerical toolkit designed for modelling warp drive spacetimes is introduced in Classical and Quantum Gravity.[232]
- 9 April – A rare genetic variation in a gene that makes fibronectin is shown to reduce the odds of developing Alzheimer's disease by over 70%.[233]
- 12 April
- Biologists report that bonobos behave more aggressively than thought earlier.[234] [235]
- Scientists report studies suggesting that tardigrades are protected from massive radiation exposure and damage by unique biochemicals, particularly, the Dsup protein.[236] [237]
- 15 April – The NOAA confirms a fourth global coral bleaching event.[238] [239]
- 16 April – Scientists at the Riken institute demonstrate "advanced dual-chirped optical parametric amplification", which provides a 50-fold increase in the energy of single-cycle laser pulses. This new technique may advance the development of attosecond lasers.[240]
- 23 April – The world's largest 3D printer, dubbed Factory of the Future 1.0 (FoF 1.0), is presented by the University of Maine. Using thermoplastic polymers, the machine can print objects as large as long by wide by high, at a rate of per hour.[241] [242]
- 24 April – Demonstration of synthetic diamond created at 1 atmosphere of pressure in around 150 minutes without needing seeds.[243] [244]
- 26 April – mRNA-4157/V940, the first personalised melanoma vaccine based on mRNA, enters a final-stage Phase III trial.[245]
- 29 April – Timothy A. Coleman, with the University of Alabama in Huntsville, Richard L. Thompson with the NOAA Storm Prediction Center, and Dr. Gregory S. Forbes, a retired meteorologist from The Weather Channel publish an article to the Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology stating, "it is apparent that the perceived shift in tornado activity from the traditional tornado alley in the Great Plains to the eastern U.S. is indeed real".[246] [247]
May
- 1 May – A new brain circuit that may act as a "master regulator" of the immune system is reported by scientists at Columbia University.[248] [249] [250]
- 3 May – China launches its Chang'e 6 probe, a robotic sample-return mission to the far side of the Moon.[251]
- 6 May
- A new theory states that Venus may have lost its water so quickly due to HCO+ dissociative recombination.[252] [253]
- People aged over 65 with two copies of the APOE4 gene variant are found to have a 95% chance of developing Alzheimer's disease.[254] [255]
- 8 May
- Google introduces AlphaFold 3, a new AI model for accurately predicting the structure of proteins, DNA, RNA, ligands and more, and how they interact.[256]
- Atmospheric gases surrounding 55 Cancri e, a hot rocky exoplanet 41 light-years from Earth, are detected by researchers using the James Webb Space Telescope. NASA reports this as "the best evidence to date for the existence of any rocky planet atmosphere outside our solar system."[257]
- 9 May
- 10 May – A series of solar storms and intense solar flares impact the Earth, creating aurorae at more southerly and northerly latitudes than usual.[263]
- 13 May – OpenAI reveals GPT-4o, its latest AI model, featuring improved multimodal capabilities in real time.[264] [265]
- 15 May
- Astronomers report an overview of preliminary analytical studies on returned samples of asteroid 101955 Bennu by the OSIRIS-REx mission.[266]
- SPECULOOS-3 b, an exoplanet nearly identical in size to Earth, is discovered orbiting an ultracool dwarf star as small as Jupiter and located 55 light-years from Earth.[267]
- Solar energy is combined with synthetic quartz to generate temperatures of more than 1,000°C. This proof-of-concept method shows the potential of clean energy to replace fossil fuels in heavy manufacturing, according to a research team at ETH Zurich.[268]
- 16 May – A multimodal algorithm for improved sarcasm detection is revealed by the University of Groningen. Trained on a database known as MUStARD, it can examine multiple aspects of audio recordings and has 75% accuracy.[269] [270]
- 17 May – The world's smallest quantum light detector on a silicon chip is demonstrated by a team at the University of Bristol, 50 times smaller than their previous version.[271]
- 20 May – The first measurements of an exoplanet's core mass are obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope. This reveals a surprisingly low amount of methane and a super-sized core within the super-Neptune WASP-107b.[272]
- 23 May
- 30 May – NASA reports that the Webb Telescope has discovered JADES-GS-z14-0, the most distant known galaxy, which existed only 290 million years after the Big Bang. Its redshift of 14.32 shatters the previous record of 13.2, set by JADES-GS-z13-0.[276]
- 31 May - Biologists report that Tmesipteris oblanceolata, a fern ally plant, was found to contain the largest known genome.[277] [278]
June
July
August
- 1 August – A study in Nature finds that based on current policies, there is a 45% risk of at least one major tipping point by 2300, even if global warming is brought back to below 1.5 °C. The risk is "strongly accelerated" for peak warming above 2.0 °C. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Current (AMOC) is identified as being at the most urgent risk of collapse – possibly occurring as early as 2040 – followed by the Amazon rainforest in the 2070s.[305] [306] [307]
- 7 August – Scientists in Australia publish a new 400-year temperature reconstruction for the Coral Sea, showing that recent ocean heat has led to mass bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef.[308] [309]
- 8 August – A study on the terraforming of Mars suggests that releasing metal nanorods into the planet's atmosphere could warm it by 30 K, and would be far more efficient than trying to do so with greenhouse gases.[310]
- 12 August
- Liquid water is confirmed to be present at depths of 10to below the surface of Mars, based on a new analysis of data from NASA's InSight lander.[311]
- An Earth-sized, ultra-short period exoplanet called TOI-6255b is found to be undergoing extreme tidal distortion, caused by the close proximity of its parent star. This has resulted in an egg-shaped planet, likely to be destroyed within 400 million years.[312] [313]
- 14 August
- The World Health Organization (WHO) declares mpox a public health emergency of international concern for the second time in two years, following the spread of the virus in African countries.[314]
- Human aging is found to progress in two accelerated bursts from the ages of 44 and 60, rather than being a gradual and linear process.[315] [316]
- 16 August – The Planetary Habitability Laboratory publishes a report concluding that the Wow! signal was likely been caused by a rare astrophysical event, the sudden brightening of a cold molecular cloud triggered by a stellar emission.[317]
Predicted and scheduled events
See also: 2024 in spaceflight.
Astronomical events
- Close approach of asteroid to Earth
- Potential collision of lost asteroid with Earth
See also
Notes and References
- News: Global temperatures . 2 January 2024 . Climatlas . 3 January 2024.
- News: Afifi-Sabet . Keumars . World's 1st graphene semiconductor could power future quantum computers . 11 May 2024 . livescience.com . 8 January 2024 . en.
- Zhao . Jian . Ji . Peixuan . Li . Yaqi . Li . Rui . Zhang . Kaimin . Tian . Hao . Yu . Kaicheng . Bian . Boyue . Hao . Luzhen . Xiao . Xue . Griffin . Will . Dudeck . Noel . Moro . Ramiro . Ma . Lei . de Heer . Walt A. . Ultrahigh-mobility semiconducting epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide . Nature . January 2024 . 625 . 7993 . 60–65 . 10.1038/s41586-023-06811-0 . 38172363 . en . 1476-4687. 2308.12446. 2024Natur.625...60Z .
- News: Study gives digital prostate exams the finger as cancer screening tool . 11 May 2024 . New Atlas . 22 January 2024.
- Matsukawa . Akihiro . Yanagisawa . Takafumi . Bekku . Kensuke . Kardoust Parizi . Mehdi . Laukhtina . Ekaterina . Klemm . Jakob . Chiujdea . Sever . Mori . Keiichiro . Kimura . Shoji . Fazekas . Tamas . Miszczyk . Marcin . Miki . Jun . Kimura . Takahiro . Karakiewicz . Pierre I. . Rajwa . Pawel . Shariat . Shahrokh F. . Comparing the Performance of Digital Rectal Examination and Prostate-specific Antigen as a Screening Test for Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . European Urology Oncology . January 2024 . 7 . 4 . 697–704 . 10.1016/j.euo.2023.12.005 . 2588-9311. free . 38182488 .
- News: Overbye . Dennis . Dennis Overbye . The Early Universe Was Bananas - Images from the Webb telescope suggest that newborn galaxies look weirder than expected. Exactly how screwy was physics at the dawn of time? . 5 January 2024 . . live . https://archive.today/20240105215730/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/05/science/space/astronomy-galaxies-bananas.html . 5 January 2024 . 6 January 2024. subscription.
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- News: LaMotte . Sandee . Taxes on sugary drinks cut consumer sales by 33%, study says . 11 May 2024 . CNN . 6 January 2024 . en.
- Kaplan . Scott . White . Justin S. . Madsen . Kristine A. . Basu . Sanjay . Villas-Boas . Sofia B. . Schillinger . Dean . Evaluation of Changes in Prices and Purchases Following Implementation of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes Across the US . JAMA Health Forum . 5 January 2024 . 5 . 1 . e234737 . 10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.4737. free. 38180765 . 10770775 .
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- Haas, Sebastion . et al. . Biogeochemical explanations for the world's most phosphate-rich lake, an origin-of-life analog . 9 January 2024 . . 5 . 28 . 28 . 10.1038/s43247-023-01192-8 . 2024ComEE...5...28H . free.
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- Ripple. William J.. William J. Ripple. Wolf. Christopher. van Vuuren. Detlef P.. Gregg. Jillian W.. Lenzen. Manfred . 9 January 2024 . An environmental and socially just climate mitigation pathway for a planet in peril. Environmental Research Letters. 19 . 2. 021001. 10.1088/1748-9326/ad059e. free. 2024ERL....19b1001R.
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- News: Five subtypes found under Alzheimer's umbrella . 9 May 2024 . CORDIS European Commission . en.
- Tijms . Betty M. . Vromen . Ellen M. . Mjaavatten . Olav . Holstege . Henne . Reus . Lianne M. . van der Lee . Sven . Wesenhagen . Kirsten E. J. . Lorenzini . Luigi . Vermunt . Lisa . Venkatraghavan . Vikram . Tesi . Niccoló . Tomassen . Jori . den Braber . Anouk . Goossens . Julie . Vanmechelen . Eugeen . Barkhof . Frederik . Pijnenburg . Yolande A. L. . van der Flier . Wiesje M. . Teunissen . Charlotte E. . Berven . Frode S. . Visser . Pieter Jelle . Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in patients with Alzheimer's disease reveals five molecular subtypes with distinct genetic risk profiles . Nature Aging . January 2024 . 4 . 1 . 33–47 . 10.1038/s43587-023-00550-7 . en . 2662-8465. free. 38195725 . 10798889 .
- News: Gomez . Julia . Could seaweed help us survive a nuclear winter? A new study says yes. . 11 May 2024 . USA TODAY.
- Jehn . Florian Ulrich . Dingal . Farrah Jasmine . Mill . Aron . Harrison . Cheryl . Ilin . Ekaterina . Roleda . Michael Y. . James . Scott C. . Denkenberger . David . Seaweed as a Resilient Food Solution After a Nuclear War . Earth's Future . January 2024 . 12 . 1 . 10.1029/2023EF003710 . en . 2328-4277. free. 2024EaFut..1203710J .
- Purvis . Graham . Šiller . Lidija . Crosskey . Archie . Vincent . Jupiter . Wills . Corinne . Sheriff . Jake . Xavier . Cijo . Telling . Jon . 1 . Generation of long-chain fatty acids by hydrogen-driven bicarbonate reduction in ancient alkaline hydrothermal vents . 10 January 2024 . . 5 . 30 . 30 . 10.1038/s43247-023-01196-4 . free . 2024ComEE...5...30P.
- News: Tamisiea . Jack . The Biggest Ape That Ever Lived Was Not Too Big to Fail - Fossil teeth reveal Gigantopithecus was doomed by a changing environment and an inflexible diet. . 10 January 2024 . . live . https://archive.today/20240110183434/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/10/science/giant-ape-extinction.html . 10 January 2024 . 11 January 2024.
- Zhang . Yingqi . Westaway . Kira E. . Haberle . Simon . Lubeek . Juliën K. . Bailey . Marian . Ciochon . Russell . Morley . Mike W. . Roberts . Patrick . Zhao . Jian-xin . Duval . Mathieu . 1 . The demise of the giant ape Gigantopithecus blacki . 10 January 2024 . . 625 . 7995 . 535–539 . 10.1038/s41586-023-06900-0 . free . 38200315 . 10794149 . 2024Natur.625..535Z.
- News: Golembiewski . Kate . Scaly Fossil Is the Oldest-Known Piece of Skin - The specimen came from a 289 million-year-old fossil deposit and might offer clues to how skin evolved. . 11 January 2024 . . live . https://archive.today/20240111171346/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/11/science/fossil-skin-oldest-lizard.html . 11 January 2024 . 12 January 2024.
- Mooney . Ethan D. . Maho . Tea . Philp . R. Paul . Bevitt . Joseph J. . Reisz . Robert R. . 1 . Paleozoic cave system preserves oldest-known evidence of amniote skin . 11 January 2024 . . 34 . 2 . 417–426.e4 . 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.008 . 38215745 . 2024CBio...34E.417M . live . https://archive.today/20240112143639/https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(23)01663-9 . 12 January 2024 . 12 January 2024.
- News: Elbein . Asher . New Origin Story for Tyrannosaurus Rex Suggested by Fossil - Researchers say the species they named Tyrannosaurus mcraeensis predated the dinosaur era's great predator. . 11 January 2024 . . live . https://archive.today/20240112033027/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/11/science/new-tyrannosaur-species-fossil.html . 12 January 2024 . 12 January 2024.
- Dalman . Sebastian G. . Loewen . Mark A. . Pyron . R. Alexander . Jasinski . Steven E. . Malinzak . D. Edward . Lucas . Spencer G. . Fiorillo . Anthony R. . Currie . Philip J. . Longrich . Nicholas R. . 11 January 2024 . A giant tyrannosaur from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of southern North America and the evolution of tyrannosaurid gigantism . Scientific Reports . en . 13 . 1 . 22124 . 10.1038/s41598-023-47011-0 . 2045-2322. 38212342 . free. 10784284.
- Moura . Mario R. . Oliveira . Gibran A. . Paglia . Adriano P. . Pires . Mathias M. . Santos . Bráulio A. . Climate change should drive mammal defaunation in tropical dry forests . Global Change Biology . December 2023 . 29 . 24 . 6931–6944 . 10.1111/gcb.16979 . 37846595 . en . 1354-1013. 10.1101/2023.08.17.553094.
- Web site: This Graphene-Based Brain Implant Can Peer Deep Into the Brain From Its Surface . 15 January 2024 . 11 January 2024 . Singularity Hub.
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