2024 United States state legislative elections explained

Election Name:	2024 United States state legislative elections
Country:	United States
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	yes
Previous Election:	2023 United States state legislative elections
Previous Year:	2023
Next Election:	2025 United States state legislative elections
Next Year:	2025
Seats For Election:	85 legislative chambers 44 states
Election Date:	November 5, 2024
Party1:	Republican Party (US)
1Data1:	56
2Data1:	57
3Data1:	1
Party2:	Democratic Party (US)
1Data2:	41
2Data2:	39
3Data2:	2
1Blank:	Current chambers
2Blank:	Chambers after
3Blank:	Overall change
Map Size:	320px
Map2 Size:	320px
Map2 Caption:	Map of lower house elections:
Colour3:	d9b2d9
Party3:	Coalition
1Data3:	2
2Data3:	2

The 2024 United States state legislative elections were held on November 5, 2024, for 85 state legislative chambers in 44 states. Across the fifty states, approximately 65 percent of all upper house seats and 85 percent of all lower house seats were up for election. Nine legislative chambers in the five permanently inhabited U.S. territories and the federal district of Washington, D.C., also held elections. The elections take place concurrently with several other federal, state, and local elections, including the presidential election, U.S. Senate elections, U.S. House elections, and gubernatorial elections.

Prior to the election, Republicans controlled 56 legislative chambers, while Democrats controlled 41. Both chambers of the Alaska Legislature were controlled by bipartisan coalitions. The states of Arizona, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania were expected to hold the most competitive elections for legislative control.^[1] Additionally, court-ordered redistricting in Wisconsin was expected to lead to Democratic gains in both chambers of the Wisconsin Legislature.^[2] Favorable redistricting from Montana's independent redistricting commission was also expected to lead to Democratic gains in that state.^[3]

Republicans made very modest gains in state legislative chambers across the country, which were hampered by Democratic redistricting-based gains in states such as Montana and Wisconsin. Republicans only gained full control of the Michigan House of Representatives from Democrats. Meanwhile, the Minnesota House of Representatives went from Democratic-controlled to tied. The net change in chamber control and the net change in seat control were both well below average for state legislative elections during the twenty-first century.^[4] Republicans broke the Democratic supermajorities in both houses of the Vermont General Assembly, Nevada General Assembly, and the New York State Senate, while Democrats broke Republican supermajorities in the North Carolina House of Representatives, both chambers of the Montana Legislature, the Ohio House of Representatives, and the Wisconsin Senate. Additionally, Democrats obtained supermajorities in both houses of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, while Republicans did so in the Iowa House of Representatives, the South Carolina Senate, and the New Hampshire Senate.

Summary table

Regularly scheduled elections were held in 85 of the 99 state legislative chambers in the United States. Nationwide, regularly scheduled elections were held for 5,809 of the 7,383 legislative seats. Many legislative chambers held elections for all seats, but some legislative chambers that use staggered elections held elections for only a portion of the total seats in the chamber. The chambers not up for election either hold regularly scheduled elections in odd-numbered years, or have four-year terms and hold all regularly scheduled elections in presidential midterm election years.

Note that this table only covers regularly scheduled elections; additional special elections took place concurrently with these regularly scheduled elections.

State	Upper house				Lower house
State	Seats up	Total	% up	Term	Seats up	Total	% up	Term
Alabama	0	35	0	4	0	105	0	4
Alaska	10	20	50	4	40	40	100	2
Arizona	30	30	100	2	60	60	100	2
Arkansas	18	35	51	2/4	100	100	100	2
California	20	40	50	4	80	80	100	2
Colorado	18	35	51	4	65	65	100	2
Connecticut	36	36	100	2	151	151	100	2
Delaware	10	21	52	2/4	41	41	100	2
Florida	20	40	50	2/4	120	120	100	2
Georgia	56	56	100	2	180	180	100	2
Hawaii	12	25	52	2/4	51	51	100	2
Idaho	35	35	100	2	70	70	100	2
Illinois	20	59	34	2/4	118	118	100	2
Indiana	25	50	50	4	100	100	100	2
Iowa	25	50	50	4	100	100	100	2
Kansas	40	40	100	4	125	125	100	2
Kentucky	19	38	50	4	100	100	100	2
Louisiana	0	39	0	4	0	105	0	4
Maine	35	35	100	2	151	151	100	2
Maryland	0	47	0	4	0	141	0	4
Massachusetts	40	40	100	2	160	160	100	2
Michigan	0	38	0	4	110	110	100	2
Minnesota	0	67	0	2/4	134	134	100	2
Mississippi	0	52	0	4	0	122	0	4
Missouri	17	34	50	4	163	163	100	2
Montana	25	50	50	4	100	100	100	2
Nebraska	25	49	51	4	N/A (unicameral)
Nevada	10	21	48	4	42	42	100	2
New Hampshire	24	24	100	2	400	400	100	2
New Jersey	0	40	0	2/4	0	80	0	2
New Mexico	42	42	100	4	70	70	100	2
New York	63	63	100	2	150	150	100	2
North Carolina	50	50	100	2	120	120	100	2
North Dakota	23	47	49	4	47	94	50	4
Ohio	16	33	48	4	99	99	100	2
Oklahoma	24	48	50	4	101	101	100	2
Oregon	15	30	50	4	60	60	100	2
Pennsylvania	25	50	50	4	203	203	100	2
Rhode Island	38	38	100	2	75	75	100	2
South Carolina	46	46	100	4	124	124	100	2
South Dakota	35	35	100	2	70	70	100	2
Tennessee	16	33	48	4	99	99	100	2
Texas	15	31	52	2/4	150	150	100	2
Utah	15	29	52	4	75	75	100	2
Vermont	30	30	100	2	150	150	100	2
Virginia	0	40	0	4	0	100	0	2
Washington	25	49	51	4	98	98	100	2
West Virginia	17	34	50	4	100	100	100	2
Wisconsin	16	33	48	4	99	99	100	2
Wyoming	15	31	48	4	62	62	100	2
	Total	1096	1973	65	N/A	4597	5413	85	N/A

Election predictions

Several sites and individuals publish predictions of competitive chambers. These predictions look at factors such as the strength of the party, the strength of the candidates, and the partisan leanings of the state (reflected in part by the state's Cook Partisan Voting Index rating). The predictions assign ratings to each chambers, with the rating indicating the predicted advantage that a party has in winning that election.

Most election predictors use:

"Tossup": No advantage
"Tilt": Advantage that is not quite as strong as "lean"
"Lean": Slight advantage
"Likely": Significant, but surmountable, advantage
"Safe" or "Solid": Near-certain chance of victory

State	PVI^[5]	Chamber	data-sort-type="number"	Last election	CNalysis ^[6]	Sabato ^[7]	Result
Alaska		Senate	data-sort-value="-85.0"	Coal. 17–3	Solid Coal.<	--Sab-->	data-sort-value=-2	Lean Coal.	data-sort-value="-70.0"	Coal. 14–6
Alaska		House	data-sort-value="57.5"	Coal. 23–16–1			data-sort-value="-52.5"	Coal. 21–19
Arizona		Senate	data-sort-value="53.3"	R 16–14			data-sort-value="56.7"	R 17–13
Arizona		House	data-sort-value="51.7"	R 31–29			data-sort-value="51.7"	R 33–27
Arkansas		Senate	data-sort-value="82.9"	R 29–6			data-sort-value="82.9"	R 29–6
Arkansas		House	data-sort-value="82.0"	R 82–18			data-sort-value="81.0"	R 81–19
California		Senate	data-sort-value="-80.0"	D 32–8			data-sort-value="-80.0"	D 30–10
California		Assembly	data-sort-value="-77.5"	D 62–18			data-sort-value="-77.5"	D 60–20
Colorado		Senate	data-sort-value="-65.7"	D 23–12			data-sort-value="-65.7"	D 23–12
Colorado		House	data-sort-value="-70.8"	D 46–19			data-sort-value="-70.8"	D 43–22
Connecticut		Senate	data-sort-value="-66.7"	D 24–12			data-sort-value="-69.4"	D 25–11
Connecticut		House	data-sort-value="-64.9"	D 98–53			data-sort-value="-64.9"	D 102–49
Delaware		Senate	data-sort-value="-71.4"	D 15–6			data-sort-value="-71.4"	D 15–6
Delaware		House	data-sort-value="-63.4"	D 26–15			data-sort-value="-65.9"	D 27–14
Florida		Senate	data-sort-value="70.0"	R 28–12			data-sort-value="70.0"	R 28–12
Florida		House	data-sort-value="70.8"	R 85–35			data-sort-value="70.8"	R 85–35
Georgia		Senate	data-sort-value="58.9"	R 33–23			data-sort-value="58.9"	R 33–23
Georgia		House	data-sort-value="56.1"	R 101–79			data-sort-value="55.0"	R 100–80
Hawaii		Senate	data-sort-value="-92.0"	D 23–2			data-sort-value="-88.0"	D 22–3
Hawaii		House	data-sort-value="-88.2"	D 45–6			data-sort-value="-88.2"	D 42–9
Idaho		Senate	data-sort-value="80.0"	R 28–7			data-sort-value="82.9"	R 29–6
Idaho		House	data-sort-value="84.2"	R 59–11			data-sort-value="87.1"	R 61–9
Illinois		Senate	data-sort-value="-67.8"	D 40–19			data-sort-value="-67.8"	D 40–19
Illinois		House	data-sort-value="-66.1"	D 78–40			data-sort-value="-66.1"	D 78–40
Indiana		Senate	data-sort-value="80.0"	R 40–10			data-sort-value="80.0"	R 40–10
Indiana		House	data-sort-value="70.0"	R 70–30			data-sort-value="70.0"	R 70–30
Iowa		Senate	data-sort-value="68.0"	R 34–16			data-sort-value="68.0"	R 34–16
Iowa		House	data-sort-value="64.0"	R 64–36	Very Likely R<	--Sab-->		data-sort-value="64.0"	R 67–33
Kansas		Senate	data-sort-value="72.5"	R 29–11			data-sort-value="77.5"	R 31–9
Kansas		House	data-sort-value="68.0"	R 85–40			data-sort-value="68.8"	R 88–37
Kentucky		Senate	data-sort-value="81.6"	R 31–7			data-sort-value="81.6"	R 31–7
Kentucky		House	data-sort-value="80.0"	R 80–20			data-sort-value="81.0"	R 80–20
Maine		Senate	data-sort-value="-62.9"	D 22–13			data-sort-value="-62.9"	D 20–15
Maine		House	data-sort-value="-54.3"	D 82–67–2			data-sort-value="-54.3"	D 76–73–2
Massachusetts		Senate	data-sort-value="-92.5"	D 37–3			data-sort-value="-87.5"	D 35–5
Massachusetts		House	data-sort-value="-83.8"	D 134–25–1			data-sort-value="-83.8"	D 134–25–1
Michigan		House	data-sort-value="-50.9"	D 56–54			data-sort-value="52.7"	R 58–52
Minnesota		House	data-sort-value="-52.2"	D 70–64			data-sort-value="0"	67–67
Missouri		Senate	data-sort-value="70.6"	R 24–10			data-sort-value="70.6"	R 24–10
Missouri		House	data-sort-value="68.1"	R 111–52			data-sort-value="68.1"	R 111–52
Montana		Senate	data-sort-value="68.0"	R 34–16			data-sort-value="64.0"	R 32–18
Montana		House	data-sort-value="68.0"	R 68–32			data-sort-value="68.0"	R 58–42
Nevada		Senate	data-sort-value="-61.9"	D 13–8			data-sort-value="-61.9"	D 13–8
Nevada		Assembly	data-sort-value="-66.7"	D 28–14	Very Likely D<	--Sab-->		data-sort-value="-64.3"	D 27–15
New Hampshire		Senate	data-sort-value="58.3"	R 14–10			data-sort-value="66.7"	R 16–8
New Hampshire		House	data-sort-value="50.3"	R 201–199			data-sort-value="50.3"	R 222–178
New Mexico		Senate	data-sort-value="-64.3"	D 27–15			data-sort-value="-61.9"	D 26–16
New Mexico		House	data-sort-value="-64.3"	D 45–25			data-sort-value="-62.9"	D 44–26
New York		Senate	data-sort-value="-66.7"	D 42–21			data-sort-value="-66.7"	D 41–22
New York		Assembly	data-sort-value="-68.0"	D 102–48			data-sort-value="-68.0"	D 103–47
North Carolina		Senate	data-sort-value="60.0"	R 30–20			data-sort-value="60.0"	R 30–20
North Carolina		House	data-sort-value="59.2"	R 71–49			data-sort-value="59.2"	R 71–49
North Dakota		Senate	data-sort-value="91.5"	R 43–4			data-sort-value="91.5"	R 42–5
North Dakota		House	data-sort-value="87.2"	R 82–12			data-sort-value="87.2"	R 83–11
Ohio		Senate	data-sort-value="78.8"	R 26–7			data-sort-value="72.7"	R 24–9
Ohio		House	data-sort-value="67.7"	R 67–32			data-sort-value="65.7"	R 65–34
Oklahoma		Senate	data-sort-value="83.3"	R 40–8			data-sort-value="83.3"	R 40–8
Oklahoma		House	data-sort-value="80.2"	R 81–20			data-sort-value="80.2"	R 81–20
Oregon		Senate	data-sort-value="-56.7"	D 17–12–1			data-sort-value="-60.0"	D 18–12
Oregon		House	data-sort-value="-58.3"	D 35–25			data-sort-value="-58.3"	D 36–24
Pennsylvania		Senate	data-sort-value="56.0"	R 28–22			data-sort-value="56.0"	R 28–22
Pennsylvania		House	data-sort-value="-50.2"	D 102–101			data-sort-value="-50.2"	D 102–101
Rhode Island		Senate	data-sort-value="-86.8"	D 33–5			data-sort-value="-86.8"	D 34–4
Rhode Island		House	data-sort-value="-86.7"	D 65–9–1			data-sort-value="-86.7"	D 64–10–1
South Carolina		Senate	data-sort-value="65.3"	R 30–16			data-sort-value="73.9"	R 34–12
South Carolina		House	data-sort-value="71.0"	R 88–36			data-sort-value="71.0"	R 88–36
South Dakota		Senate	data-sort-value="88.6"	R 31–4			data-sort-value="91.4"	R 32–3
South Dakota		House	data-sort-value="90.0"	R 63–7			data-sort-value="90.0"	R 64–6
Tennessee		Senate	data-sort-value="81.8"	R 27–6			data-sort-value="81.8"	R 27–6
Tennessee		House	data-sort-value="75.8"	R 75–24			data-sort-value="75.8"	R 75–24
Texas		Senate	data-sort-value="61.3"	R 19–12			data-sort-value="64.5"	R 20–11
Texas		House	data-sort-value="57.3"	R 86–64	Very Likely R<	--Sab-->		data-sort-value="58.7"	R 88–62
Utah		Senate	data-sort-value="79.3"	R 23–6			data-sort-value="79.3"	R 23–6
Utah		House	data-sort-value="81.3"	R 61–14			data-sort-value="81.3"	R 61–14
Vermont		Senate	data-sort-value="-73.3"	D 22–7–1			data-sort-value="-53.3"	D 16–13–1
Vermont		House	data-sort-value="-69.3"	D 104–38–5–3			data-sort-value="-69.3"	D 87–56–5–3
Washington		Senate	data-sort-value="-59.2"	D 29–20			data-sort-value="-59.2"	D 30–19
Washington		House	data-sort-value="-59.2"	D 58–40			data-sort-value="-59.2"	D 59–39
West Virginia		Senate	data-sort-value="88.2"	R 30–4			data-sort-value="94.1"	R 32–2
West Virginia		House	data-sort-value="88.0"	R 88–12			data-sort-value="91.0"	R 91–9
Wisconsin		Senate	data-sort-value="66.7"	R 22–11			data-sort-value="54.5"	R 18–15
Wisconsin		Assembly	data-sort-value="64.6"	R 64–35			data-sort-value="54.5"	R 54–45
Wyoming		Senate	data-sort-value="93.5"	R 29–2			data-sort-value="93.5"	R 29–2
Wyoming		House	data-sort-value="91.9"	R 57–5			data-sort-value="90.3"	R 56–6

State summaries

Alaska

See main article: 2024 Alaska Senate election and 2024 Alaska House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Alaska Senate and all of the seats of the Alaska House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Alaska Senate and the Alaska House of Representatives are controlled by coalitions of Democrats, Republicans, and independents. The Democratic-led coalition in the Senate maintained control, but it lost seats to the conservative Republican minority. A Democratic-led coalition won control of the House of Representatives over the previous Republican-led coalition.^[8]

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Alaska Senate
	Democratic	Gary Stevens		9	9
	Republican	Gary Stevens		8	5
	Republican	—	3	6
Total			20	20

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Alaska House of Representatives
	Republican	Calvin Schrage	1		2
	Republican	Cathy Tilton		20	19
	Independent	Cathy Tilton		1	5
	Independent	Calvin Schrage	4		5
	Democratic	Calvin Schrage	11	14	1
	Democratic	Cathy Tilton		14	1	2
	Independent Republican	—	1	0	1
Total			40	40

Arizona

See main article: 2024 Arizona Senate election and 2024 Arizona House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Arizona Senate and the Arizona House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Arizona Senate
	Republican	Warren Petersen		16		17	1
	Democratic	Mitzi Epstein	14	13	1
Total			30	30

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Arizona House of Representatives
	Republican	Ben Toma (term-limited)		31		33	2
	Democratic	Lupe Contreras	29	27	2
Total			60	60

Arkansas

See main article: 2024 Arkansas Senate election and 2024 Arkansas House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Arkansas Senate and all of the seats of the Arkansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Arkansas State Senate
	Republican			29	29
	Democratic	Greg Leding	6	6
Total			35	35

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Arkansas House of Representatives
	Republican	Matthew Shepherd		82		81	1
	Democratic	Tippi McCullough	18	19	1
Total			100	100

California

See main article: 2024 California State Senate election and 2024 California State Assembly election.

Half of the seats of the California State Senate and all of the seats of the California State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	California State Senate
	Democratic	Mike McGuire		31		30	1
	Republican	Brian Jones	9	10	1
Total			40	40

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	California General Assembly
	Democratic	Robert Rivas		62		60	2
	Republican	James Gallagher	18	20	2
Total			80	80

Colorado

See main article: 2024 Colorado Senate election and 2024 Colorado House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Colorado Senate and all of the seats of the Colorado House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Colorado State Senate
	Democratic	Steve Fenberg (term-limited)		23	23
	Republican	Paul Lundeen	12	12
Total			35	35

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Colorado House of Representatives
	Democratic	Julie McCluskie		46	43	3
	Republican	Rose Pugliese	19	22	3
Total			65	65

Connecticut

See main article: 2024 Connecticut State Senate election and 2024 Connecticut House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Connecticut State Senate and the Connecticut House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Connecticut State Senate
	Democratic	Martin Looney		24		25	1
	Republican	Stephen Harding	12	11	1
Total			36	36

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Connecticut House of Representatives
	Democratic	Matthew Ritter		98		102	4
	Republican	Vincent Candelora	53	49	4
Total			151	151

Delaware

See main article: 2024 Delaware Senate election and 2024 Delaware House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Delaware State Senate and all of the Delaware House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats maintained control of both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Delaware State Senate
	Democratic	David Sokola		15	15
	Republican	Gerald Hocker	6	6
Total			21	21

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Delaware House of Representatives
	Democratic	Valerie Longhurst (lost renomination)		26		27	1
	Republican	Michael Ramone (retiring)	15	14	1
Total			41	41

Florida

See main article: 2024 Florida Senate election and 2024 Florida House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Florida Senate and all of the seats of the Florida House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Florida Senate
	Republican	Kathleen Passidomo (term-limited)		28	28
	Democratic	Lauren Book (term-limited)	12	12
Total			40	40

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Florida House of Representatives
	Republican	Paul Renner (term-limited)		84		85	1
	Democratic	Fentrice Driskell	36	35	1
Total			120	120

Georgia

See main article: 2024 Georgia State Senate election and 2024 Georgia House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Georgia State Senate and the Georgia House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Georgia State Senate
	Republican	John Kennedy		33	33
	Democratic	Gloria Butler (retiring)	23	23
Total			56	56

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Georgia House of Representatives
	Republican	Jon Burns		102		100	2
	Democratic	James Beverly (retiring)	78	80	2
Total			180	180

Hawaii

See main article: 2024 Hawaii Senate election and 2024 Hawaii House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Hawaii Senate and all of the seats of the Hawaii House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Hawaii Senate
	Democratic	Ron Kouchi		23		22	1
	Republican	Kurt Fevella	2	3	1
Total			25	25

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Hawaii House of Representatives
	Democratic	Scott Saiki (lost renomination)		45		42	3
	Republican	Lauren Matsumoto	6	9	3
Total			51	51

Idaho

See main article: 2024 Idaho Senate election and 2024 Idaho House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Idaho Senate and the Idaho House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Conflict within the Idaho Republican Party's freedom caucus and more moderate wing led to a high number of primary challenges. These challenges resulted in modest gains for the freedom caucus, including the ouster of Senate President Pro Tempore Chuck Winder.^[9] In the general election, Republicans won a handful of seats from the Democrats, further expanding their supermajorities in both legislative chambers.^[10]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Idaho Senate
	Republican	Chuck Winder (lost renomination)		28		29	1
	Democratic	Melissa Wintrow	7	6	1
Total			35	35

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Idaho House of Representatives
	Republican	Mike Moyle		59		61	2
	Democratic	Ilana Rubel	11	9	2
Total			70	70

Illinois

See main article: 2024 Illinois Senate election and 2024 Illinois House of Representatives election.

One third of the seats of the Illinois Senate and all of the seats of the Illinois House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Illinois Senate
	Democratic	Don Harmon		40	40
	Republican	John Curran	19	19
Total			59	59

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Illinois House of Representatives
	Democratic	Chris Welch		78	78
	Republican	Tony McCombie	40	40
Total			118	118

Indiana

See main article: 2024 Indiana Senate election and 2024 Indiana House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Indiana Senate and all of the seats of the Indiana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Indiana Senate
	Republican	Rodric Bray		40	40
	Democratic	Greg Taylor	10	10
Total			50	50

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Indiana House of Representatives
	Republican	Todd Huston		70	70
	Democratic	Phil GiaQuinta	30	30
Total			100	100

Iowa

See main article: 2024 Iowa Senate election and 2024 Iowa House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Iowa Senate and all of the seats of the Iowa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans expanded their supermajority in the Senate and gained a supermajority in the House.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Iowa Senate
	Republican	Amy Sinclair		34		35	1
	Democratic	Pam Jochum (retiring)	16	15	1
Total			50	50

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Iowa House of Representatives
	Republican	Pat Grassley		64		67	3
	Democratic	Jennifer Konfrst	36	33	3
Total			100	100

Kansas

See main article: 2024 Kansas Senate election and 2024 Kansas House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Kansas Senate and the Kansas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Kansas Senate
	Republican	Ty Masterson		28		31	3
	Democratic	Dinah Sykes	11	9	2
	Independent	Dennis Pyle	1	0	1
Total			40	40

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Kansas House of Representatives
	Republican	Daniel Hawkins		85		88	3
	Democratic	Vic Miller (retiring)	40	37	3
Total			125	125

Kentucky

See main article: 2024 Kentucky Senate election and 2024 Kentucky House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Kentucky Senate and all of the seats of the Kentucky House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained supermajorities in both chambers with no net change in seat share in either.^[11]

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Kentucky Senate
	Republican	Robert Stivers		31	31
	Democratic	Gerald Neal	7	7
Total			38	38

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Kentucky House of Representatives
	Republican	David Osborne		80	80
	Democratic	Derrick Graham (retired)	20	20
Total			100	100

Maine

See main article: 2024 Maine State Senate election and 2024 Maine House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Maine Senate and the Maine House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="6"	Maine Senate
	Democratic	Troy Jackson (term-limited)		22		20	2
	Republican	Trey Stewart	13	15	2
Total			35	35

Maine House of Representatives
Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
	Democratic	Rachel Talbot Ross (term-limited)		81		76	5
	Republican	Billy Bob Faulkingham	68	73	5
	Independent	—	2	2
Total			151	151

Massachusetts

See main article: 2024 Massachusetts Senate election and 2024 Massachusetts House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Massachusetts Senate and the Massachusetts House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Massachusetts Senate
	Democratic	Karen Spilka		36		35	1
	Republican	Bruce Tarr	4	5	1
Total			40	40

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Massachusetts House of Representatives
	Democratic	Ron Mariano		134	134
	Independent	Ron Mariano		1	1
	Republican	Bradley Jones Jr.	25	25
Total			160	160

Michigan

See main article: 2024 Michigan House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Michigan House of Representatives were up for election in 2024; the Michigan Senate did not hold regularly-scheduled elections. Republicans won control of the House from the Democrats, creating a divided government.^[12]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Michigan House of Representatives
	Democratic	Joe Tate		56	52	4
	Republican	Matt Hall	54		58	4
Total			110	110

Minnesota

See main article: 2024 Minnesota House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Minnesota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The Minnesota Senate did not hold regularly scheduled elections in 2024. Prior to the election, Democrats controlled both chambers, but Republicans gained 3 seats in the state house, tying the chamber.

Minnesota House of Representatives
Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
	Democratic (DFL)	Melissa Hortman		70	67	3
	Republican	Lisa Demuth	64	67	3
Total			134	134

Missouri

See main article: 2024 Missouri State Senate election and 2024 Missouri House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Missouri Senate and all of the seats of the Missouri House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Missouri Senate
	Republican	Caleb Rowden (term-limited)		24	24
	Democratic	Doug Beck	10	10
Total			34	34

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Missouri House of Representatives
	Republican	Dean Plocher (term-limited)		111	111
	Democratic	Crystal Quade (term-limited)	52	52
Total			163	163

Montana

See main article: 2024 Montana Senate election and 2024 Montana House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Montana Senate and all of the seats of the Montana House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. This was the first election under new legislative lines drawn by an independent, bipartisan commission as Montana does not adopt new legislative lines until 4 years after the census.^[13] Aided by the new maps, Democrats broke the Republicans' legislative supermajority in both chambers, although Republicans still maintained control.^[14]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Montana Senate
	Republican	Jason Ellsworth		34		32	2
	Democratic	Pat Flowers	16	18	2
Total			50	50

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Montana House of Representatives
	Republican	Matt Regier (term-limited)		68		58	10
	Democratic	Kim Abbott (term-limited)	32	42	10
Total			100	100

Nebraska

See main article: 2024 Nebraska Legislature election.

Nebraska is the only U.S. state with a unicameral legislature; half of the seats of the Nebraska Legislature were up for election in 2024. Nebraska is also unique in that its legislature is officially non-partisan and holds non-partisan elections, although the Democratic and Republican parties each endorse legislative candidates.

Party		Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Nebraska Legislature
	Republican		33	33
	Democratic	15	15
	Independent	1	1
Total		49	49

Nevada

See main article: 2024 Nevada State Senate election and 2024 Nevada Assembly election.

Half of the seats of the Nevada Senate and all of the seats of the Nevada Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Nevada Senate
	Democratic	Nicole Cannizzaro		13	13
	Republican	Robin Titus	8	8
Total			21	21

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Nevada Assembly
	Democratic	Steve Yeager		28		27	1
	Republican	P. K. O'Neill	14	15	1
Total			42	42

New Hampshire

See main article: 2024 New Hampshire Senate election and 2024 New Hampshire House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the New Hampshire Senate and the New Hampshire House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New Hampshire Senate
	Republican	Jeb Bradley (retiring)		14		16	2
	Democratic	Donna Soucy (defeated)	10	8	2
Total			24	24

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New Hampshire House of Representatives
	Republican	Sherman Packard		202		222	20
	Democratic	Matthew Wilhelm	195	178	17
	Independent	—	3	0	3
Total			400	400

New Mexico

See main article: 2024 New Mexico Senate election and 2024 New Mexico House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the New Mexico Senate and the New Mexico House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New Mexico Senate
	Democratic	Mimi Stewart		27		26	1
	Republican	Gregory A. Baca (retiring)	15	16	1
Total			42	42

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New Mexico House of Representatives
	Democratic	Javier Martínez		45		44	1
	Republican	Rod Montoya	25	26	1
Total			70	70

New York

See main article: 2024 New York State Senate election and 2024 New York State Assembly election.

All of the seats of the New York State Senate and the New York State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New York State Senate
	Democratic	Andrea Stewart-Cousins		42		41	1
	Republican	Rob Ortt	21	22	1
Total			63	63

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	New York State Assembly
	Democratic	Carl Heastie		102		103	1
	Republican	William Barclay	48	47	1
Total			150	150

North Carolina

See main article: 2024 North Carolina Senate election and 2024 North Carolina House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the North Carolina Senate and the North Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	North Carolina Senate
	Republican	Phil Berger		30	30
	Democratic	Dan Blue	20	20
Total			50	50

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	North Carolina House of Representatives
	Republican	Tim Moore (retiring)		72		71	1
	Democratic	Robert Reives	48	49	1
Total			120	120

North Dakota

See main article: 2024 North Dakota Senate election and 2024 North Dakota House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the North Dakota Senate and the North Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	North Dakota Senate
	Republican	Donald Schaible		43		42	1
	Democratic-NPL	Kathy Hogan	4	5	1
Total			47	47

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	North Dakota House of Representatives
	Republican	Dennis Johnson (retiring)		82		83	1
	Democratic-NPL	Zac Ista	12	11	1
Total			94	94

Ohio

See main article: 2024 Ohio Senate election and 2024 Ohio House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Ohio Senate and all of the seats of the Ohio House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers, but Democrats made minor gains in each, breaking Republicans' two-thirds supermajority in the House.^[15]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Ohio Senate
	Republican	Matt Huffman (term-limited)		26		24	2
	Democratic	Nickie Antonio	7	9	2
Total			33	33

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Ohio House of Representatives
	Republican	Jason Stephens		67		65	2
	Democratic	Allison Russo	32	34	2
Total			99	99

Oklahoma

See main article: 2024 Oklahoma Senate election and 2024 Oklahoma House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Oklahoma Senate and all of the seats of the Oklahoma House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Oklahoma Senate
	Republican	Greg Treat (term-limited)		40	40
	Democratic	Kay Floyd (term-limited)	8	8
Total			48	48

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Oklahoma House of Representatives
	Republican	Charles McCall (term-limited)		81	81
	Democratic	Cyndi Munson	20	20
Total			101	101

Oregon

See main article: 2024 Oregon Senate election and 2024 Oregon House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Oregon State Senate and all of the seats of the Oregon House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Oregon State Senate
	Democratic	Rob Wagner		17		18	1
	Republican	Daniel Bonham	11	12	1
	Oregon Independent	Brian Boquist (disqualified)	1	0	1
	Independent Republican	—	1	0	1
Total			30	30

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Oregon House of Representatives
	Democratic	Julie Fahey		35		36	1
	Republican	Jeff Helfrich	25	24	1
Total			60	60

Pennsylvania

See main article: 2024 Pennsylvania Senate election and 2024 Pennsylvania House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Pennsylvania State Senate and all of the seats of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. There was no net change in seat composition in either chamber, leaving Republicans with control of the Senate and Democrats with control of the House.^[16]

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Pennsylvania State Senate
	Republican	Kim Ward		28	28
	Democratic	Jay Costa	22	22
Total			50	50

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Pennsylvania House of Representatives
	Democratic	Joanna McClinton		102	102
	Republican	Bryan Cutler	101	101
Total			203	203

Rhode Island

See main article: 2024 Rhode Island Senate election and 2024 Rhode Island House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Rhode Island Senate and the Rhode Island House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Rhode Island Senate
	Democratic	Dominick J. Ruggerio		33		34	1
	Republican	Jessica de la Cruz	5	4	1
Total			38	38

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Rhode Island House of Representatives
	Democratic	Joe Shekarchi		65		64	1
	Republican	Michael Chippendale	9	10	1
	Independent	Michael Chippendale	1	1
Total			75	75

South Carolina

See main article: 2024 South Carolina Senate election and 2024 South Carolina House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the South Carolina Senate and the South Carolina House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	South Carolina Senate
	Republican	Thomas C. Alexander		30		34	4
	Democratic	Brad Hutto	15	12	3
	Independent	Mia McLeod	1	0	1
Total			46	46

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	South Carolina House of Representatives
	Republican	Murrell Smith Jr.		88	88
	Democratic	Todd Rutherford	36	36
Total			124	124

South Dakota

See main article: 2024 South Dakota Senate election and 2024 South Dakota House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the South Dakota Senate and the South Dakota House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	South Dakota Senate
	Republican	Lee Schoenbeck (retiring)		31		32	1
	Democratic	Reynold Nesiba (term-limited)	4	3	1
Total			35	35

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	South Dakota House of Representatives
	Republican	Hugh Bartels (term-limited)		63		64	1
	Democratic	Oren Lesmeister (term-limited)	7	6	1
Total			70	70

Tennessee

See main article: 2024 Tennessee Senate election and 2024 Tennessee House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Tennessee Senate and all of the seats of the Tennessee House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans maintained control of both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Tennessee Senate
	Republican	Randy McNally		27	27
	Democratic	Raumesh Akbari	6	6
Total			33	33

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Tennessee House of Representatives
	Republican	Cameron Sexton		75	75
	Democratic	Karen Camper	24	24
Total			99	99

Texas

See main article: 2024 Texas Senate election and 2024 Texas House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Texas Senate and all of the seats of the Texas House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers. Texas House Republicans have experienced considerable intraparty strife over issues such as school vouchers and the 2023 impeachment of Ken Paxton, the state's attorney general. Retirements and primary battles left over 30 seats open for the general election.^[17] ^[18] Republicans made minor gains in both legislative chambers, flipping two House seats and one Senate seat in the heavily Hispanic and historically-Democratic Rio Grande Valley.^[19]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Texas Senate
	Republican	Charles Schwertner		19		20	1
	Democratic	Carol Alvarado	12	11	1
Total			31	31

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Texas House of Representatives
	Republican	Dade Phelan		87		88	1
	Democratic	Trey Martinez Fischer	63	62	1
Total			150	150

Utah

See main article: 2024 Utah Senate election and 2024 Utah House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Utah State Senate and all of the seats of the Utah House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Utah Senate
	Republican	J. Stuart Adams		23	23
	Democratic	Luz Escamilla	6	6
Total			29	29

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Utah House of Representatives
	Republican	Mike Schultz		61	61
	Democratic	Angela Romero	14	14
Total			75	75

Vermont

See main article: 2024 Vermont Senate election and 2024 Vermont House of Representatives election.

All of the seats of the Vermont Senate and the Vermont House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Republicans made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the Democratic supermajorities in each.^[20]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Vermont Senate
	Democratic	Philip Baruth		22		16	6
	Republican	Randy Brock	7	13	6
	Progressive	Tanya Vyhovsky	1	1
Total			30	30

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Vermont House of Representatives
	Democratic	Jill Krowinski		105		87	18
	Republican	Patricia McCoy	37	56	19
	Progressive	Taylor Small (retiring)	4	4
	Independent	—	3	3
	Libertarian	Jarrod Sammis	1	0	1
Total			150	150

Washington

See main article: 2024 Washington State Senate election and 2024 Washington House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Washington State Senate and all of the seats of the Washington House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Democrats currently control both chambers.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Washington State Senate
	Democratic	Karen Keiser		29		30	1
	Republican	John Braun	20	19	1
Total			49	49

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Washington House of Representatives
	Democratic	Laurie Jinkins		58		59	1
	Republican	Drew Stokesbary	40	39	1
Total			98	98

West Virginia

See main article: 2024 West Virginia Senate election and 2024 West Virginia House of Delegates election.

Half of the seats of the West Virginia Senate and all of the seats of the West Virginia House of Delegates were up for election in 2024. Republicans expanded their supermajorities in both legislative chambers, flipping three open Democratic-held seats in the general election.^[21]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	West Virginia Senate
	Republican	Craig Blair (lost renomination)		31		32	1
	Democratic	Mike Woelfel	3	2	1
Total			34	34

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	West Virginia House of Delegates
	Republican	Roger Hanshaw		89		91	2
	Democratic	Sean Hornbuckle	11	9	2
Total			100	100

Wisconsin

See main article: 2024 Wisconsin Senate election and 2024 Wisconsin State Assembly election.

Half of the seats of the Wisconsin Senate and all of the seats of the Wisconsin State Assembly were up for election in 2024. Redistricting ordered by the Wisconsin Supreme Court completely reshuffled the state's legislative districts, leaving dozens of seats across both chambers with no incumbents. The new maps were considered favorable to Democrats than previous maps.^[22] Aided by this favorable redistricting, Democrats made significant gains in both legislative chambers, breaking the supermajority in the Senate, though Republicans still maintained legislative control.^[23]

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Wisconsin Senate
	Republican	Chris Kapenga		22		18	4
	Democratic	Dianne Hesselbein	11	15	4
Total			33	33

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Wisconsin State Assembly
	Republican	Robin Vos		64		54	10
	Democratic	Greta Neubauer	35	45	10
Total			99	99

Wyoming

See main article: 2024 Wyoming State Senate election and 2024 Wyoming House of Representatives election.

Half of the seats of the Wyoming Senate and all of the seats of the Wyoming House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. The far-right freedom caucus of the Wyoming Republican Party ousted several incumbents in the Republican primaries. In the general election, despite a Democratic gain in a majority-native district, the freedom caucus won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives.^[24] The Republican supermajority in the Senate remained unchanged.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Wyoming Senate
	Republican	Ogden Driskill		29	29
	Democratic	Chris Rothfuss	2	2
Total			31	31

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Wyoming House of Representatives
	Republican	Albert Sommers (retiring)		57		56	1
	Democratic	Mike Yin	5	6	1
Total			62	62

Territorial and federal district summaries

American Samoa

All of the seats of the American Samoa Senate and the American Samoa House of Representatives were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve four-year terms, while members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms. Gubernatorial and legislative elections are conducted on a nonpartisan basis in American Samoa.

Guam

All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of Guam were up for election in 2024. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Guam Legislature
	Republican	Frank Blas	6		9	3
	Democratic	Therese M. Terlaje		9	6	3
Total			15	15

Northern Mariana Islands

A portion of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands Senate, and all of the seats of the Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives, were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate serve either four-year terms, while members of the House serve two-year terms.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Northern Mariana Islands Senate
	Republican	Francisco Cruz	4	4
	Independent	Corina Magofna		3	3
	Democratic	Edith DeLeon Guerrero		2	2
Total			9	9

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives
	Independent	Edmund Villagomez		13	16	3
	Democratic	Ed Propst (retiring)		4	2	2
	Republican	Patrick San Nicolas	3	2	1
Total			20	20

Puerto Rico

All of the seats of the Senate of Puerto Rico and the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico were up for election in 2024. Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives both serve four-year terms.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Puerto Rico Senate
	Popular Democratic	José Luis Dalmau		12
	New Progressive	Thomas Rivera Schatz	10
	Citizen's Victory Movement	Ana Irma Rivera Lassén (retiring)	2
	Puerto Rican Independence	María de Lourdes Santiago	1
	Project Dignity	Joanne Rodríguez Veve	1
	Independent	Vargas Vidot	1
Total			27	27

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	Puerto Rico House of Representatives
	Popular Democratic	Tatito Hernández (retiring)		25
	New Progressive	Carlos Johnny Méndez	21
	Citizen's Victory Movement	Mariana Nogales Molinelli	2
	Puerto Rican Independence	Denis Márquez Lebrón	1
	Project Dignity	Lisie Burgos Muñiz	1
	Independent	Luis Raúl Torres Cruz	1
Total			51	51

U.S. Virgin Islands

All of the seats of the unicameral Legislature of the Virgin Islands were up for election in 2024. All members of the legislature serve a two-year term.

Party		Leader	Before	After	Change
+ colspan="5"	Virgin Islands Legislature
	Democratic	Novelle Francis		11		12	1
	Independent	Dwayne DeGraff	4	3	1
Total			15	15

Washington, D.C.

The Council of the District of Columbia serves as the legislative branch of the federal district of Washington, D.C. Half of the council seats were up for election in 2024. Council members serve four-year terms.

Party		Leader	Before	After
+ colspan="5"	District of Columbia Council
	Democratic	Phil Mendelson		11	11
	Independent		2	2
Total			13	13

Special elections

There were fifty-four state legislative special elections scheduled for 2024.^[25]

Alabama

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	16	Kyle South		Republican	2014		Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president and CEO of the Chamber of Commerce of West Alabama.^[26] New member elected January 9, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Bryan Brinyark (Republican) 83.4% John Underwood (Democratic) 16.5% Write-in 0.1%^[27]
House	55	Fred Plump		Democratic	2022		Incumbent resigned May 23, 2023, after being charged with conspiracy to commit wire fraud and obstruction of justice.^[28] New member elected outright after the January 9, 2024, special election was cancelled. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Travis Hendrix (Democratic)^[29]
House	10	David Cole		Republican	2022		Incumbent resigned August 31, 2023, after being charged with voter fraud.^[30] New member elected March 26, 2024. Democratic gain.	nowrap	Marilyn Lands (Democratic) 62.3% Teddy Powell (Republican) 37.5% Write-in 0.2%^[31]
Senate	9	Clay Scofield		Republican	2010		Incumbent resigned October 30, 2023, to become executive vice president of the Business Council of Alabama.^[32] New member elected outright after the April 23, 2024, special election was cancelled. Republican hold.	nowrap	Wes Kitchens (Republican)^[33]
House	27	Wes Kitchens		Republican	2018		Incumbent resigned January 23, 2024, to join the State Senate.^[34] New member elected outright after the July 16, 2024, special election was cancelled. Republican hold.	nowrap	Jeana Ross (Republican)^[35]
House	52	John Rogers		Democratic	1982		Incumbent resigned March 13, 2024, after being charged with conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice.^[36] New member elected October 1, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Kelvin Datcher (Democratic) 84.3% Erskine Brown Jr. (Republican) 15.7%^[37]

Florida

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	35	Fred Hawkins		Republican	2020		Incumbent resigned June 30, 2023, to become president of South Florida State College.^[40] New member elected January 16, 2024. Democratic gain.	nowrap	Tom Keen (Democratic) 51.3% Erika Booth (Republican) 48.7%^[41]
Senate	24	Bobby Powell		Democratic	2016		Incumbent resigned November 4, 2024, to run for Palm Beach County Commission.^[42] New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Mack Bernard (Democratic)^[43]

Georgia

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	125	Barry Fleming		Republican	2012		Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, to become a Columbia Judicial District Superior Court judge.^[44] New member elected March 12, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on February 13, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	First round: Gary Richardson (Republican) 37.5% CJ Pearson (Republican) 30.8% James Steed (Republican) 17.6% Kay Turner (Democratic) 13.6% John Turpish (Libertarian) 0.6%^[45] Runoff: Gary Richardson (Republican) 60.2% CJ Pearson (Republican) 39.8%^[46]
Senate	30	Mike Dugan		Republican	2012		Incumbent resigned January 3, 2024, to focus on his campaign for .^[47] New member elected February 13, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Tim Bearden (Republican) 58.9% Ashley Kecskes Godwin (Democratic) 17.2% Bob Smith (Republican) 12.8% Renae Bell (Republican) 11.2%^[48]
House	139	Richard H. Smith		Republican	2004		Incumbent died January 30, 2024, from influenza.^[49] New member elected May 7, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on April 9, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	First round: Sean Knox (Republican) 42.6% Carmen Rice (Republican) 42.1% Robert Mallard (Independent) 9.7% Don Moeller (Republican) 5.7%^[50] Runoff: Carmen Rice (Republican) 55.8% Sean Knox (Republican) 44.2%^[51]

Illinois

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	5	Patricia Van Pelt		Democratic	2012		Incumbent resigned August 1, 2023, due to health issues.^[54] Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Lakesia Collins (Democratic)^[55]
Senate	20	Cristina Pacione-Zayas		Democratic	2020		Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023, to become Chicago mayor Brandon Johnson's deputy chief of staff.^[56] New member elected November 5, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Graciela Guzman (Democratic) 81.2% Jason Proctor (Republican) 18.8%
Senate	27	Ann Gillespie		Democratic	2018		Incumbent resigned April 14, 2024, after being appointed as director of the Illinois Department of Insurance.^[57] Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Mark L. Walker (Democratic) 57.6% Tom Schlenhardt (Republican) 42.5%
Senate	53	Jason Barickman		Republican	2012		Incumbent resigned January 11, 2023, due to increased work obligations outside of the legislature.^[58] New member elected November 5, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Chris Balkema (Republican)

Kentucky

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	24	Brandon Reed		Republican	2016		Incumbent resigned January 15, 2024, to become executive director of the Kentucky Office of Agricultural Policy.^[59] New member elected March 19, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Courtney Gilbert (Republican) 62.5% John Pennington (Democratic) 22.7% Craig Astor (write-in) 14.9%^[60]
House	26	Russell Webber		Republican	2012		Incumbent resigned January 2, 2024, to become deputy treasurer of Kentucky.^[61] New member elected March 19, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Peyton Griffee (Republican)

Michigan

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	13	Lori Stone		Democratic	2018		Incumbent resigned November 20, 2023 to become mayor of Warren.^[66] New member elected April 16, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Mai Xiong (Democratic) 65.6% Ronald Singer (Republican) 34.4%^[67]
House	25	Kevin Coleman		Democratic	2018		Incumbent resigned November 11, 2023, to become mayor of Westland.^[68] New member elected April 16, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Peter Herzberg (Democratic) 59.6% Josh Powell (Republican) 38.3% Robert Stano (U.S. Taxpayers) 2.1%

Minnesota

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	27B	Kurt Daudt		Republican	2010		Incumbent resigned February 11, 2024.^[69] New member elected March 19, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Bryan Lawrence (Republican) 84.5% Brad Brown (DFL) 15.4% Write-in 0.1%^[70]
Senate	45	Kelly Morrison		DFL	2022		Incumbent resigned June 6, 2024, to focus on her campaign for .^[71] New member elected November 5, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Ann Johnson Stewart (DFL) 52.4% Kathleen Fowke (Republican) 47.5% Write-in 0.1%^[72]

New Hampshire

See main article: 2023–2024 New Hampshire state legislative special elections.

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	Coos 1	Troy Merner		Republican	2016		Incumbent resigned September 19, 2023, after moving out of his district.^[73] New member elected January 23, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Sean Durkin (Republican) 60.2% Cathleen Fountain (Democratic) 39.8%
House	Coos 6	William Hatch		Democratic	2006		Incumbent resigned September 18, 2023, due to health issues.^[74] New member elected January 23, 2024. Republican gain.	nowrap	Michael Murphy (Republican) 53.8% Edith Tucker (Democratic) 46.2%
House	Strafford 11	Hoy Menear		Democratic	2022		Incumbent died November 13, 2023.^[75] New member elected March 12, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Erik Johnson (Democratic) 66.2% Joseph E. Bazo (Republican) 33.8%^[76]
House	Rockingham 21	Robin Vogt		Democratic	2022		Incumbent resigned December 1, 2023, after moving out of his district.^[77] New member elected March 12, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Jennifer Mandelbaum (Democratic) 63.0% Carol Bush (Republican) 37.0%

North Dakota

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative(s)	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	9	Jayme Davis		Democratic-NPL	2022		Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.^[80] Members elected November 5, 2024. Democratic gain.	nowrap	Jayme Davis (Democratic-NPL) 32.2% Collette Brown (Democratic-NPL) 24.4% David Brien (Republican) 24.1% Robert Graywater (Republican) 19.3%^[81]
House	15	Kathy Frelich Donna Henderson		Republican	2022 2022		Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.^[82] Members re-elected November 5, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Kathy Frelich (Republican) 56.2% Donna Henderson (Republican) 42.9% Write-in 0.9%
House	23	Scott Dyk		Republican	2022		Incumbent resigned April 7, 2024, due to family health issues.^[83] Interim appointee elected November 5, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Dennis Nehring (Republican) 83.7% Mark Casler (Democratic-NPL) 15.8% Write-in 0.5%
Senate	9	Judy Estenson		Republican	2022		Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.^[84] New member elected November 5, 2024. Democratic gain.	nowrap	Richard Marcellais (Democratic-NPL) 61.3% Judy Estenson (Republican) 38.6% Write-in 0.1%
Senate	15	Kent Weston		Republican	2022		Special election called after District Judge Peter D. Welte held that North Dakota's legislative maps violated the Voting Rights Act.^[85] Member re-elected November 5, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Kent Weston (Republican) 98.5% Write-in 1.5%

Oklahoma

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	39	Ryan Martinez		Republican	2016		Incumbent resigned September 1, 2023, after pleading guilty to driving while under the influence.^[88] New member elected February 13, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Erick Harris (Republican) 50.4% Regan Raff (Democratic) 45.1% Richard Prawdzienski (Libertarian) 4.5%^[89]
Senate	46	Kay Floyd		Democratic	2014		Incumbent resigned November 13, 2024, due to term limits.^[90] New member elected November 5, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Mark Mann (Democratic) 60.4% Charles Barton (Republican) 34.3% David Pilchman (Independent) 5.3%^[91]
Senate	48	George E. Young		Democratic	2018		Incumbent resigned November 15, 2024.^[92] New member elected outright after the November 5, 2024, special election was cancelled. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Nikki Nice (Democratic)^[93]

Pennsylvania

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	140	John Galloway		Democratic	2006		Incumbent resigned December 14, 2023, to become a district court judge.^[94] New member elected February 13, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Jim Prokopiak (Democratic) 67.8% Candace Cabanas (Republican) 32.2%^[95]
House	139	Joseph Adams		Republican	2022		Incumbent resigned February 9, 2024, due to urgent family medical needs.^[96] New member elected April 23, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Jeffrey Olsommer (Republican) 60.3% Robin Skibber (Democratic) 39.7%^[97]
House	195	Donna Bullock		Democratic	2015		Incumbent resigned July 15, 2024, to become CEO of Project H.O.M.E.^[98] New member elected September 17, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Keith Harris (Democratic)^[99]
House	201	Stephen Kinsey		Democratic	2012		Incumbent resigned July 16, 2024. New member elected September 17, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Andre Carroll (Democratic)

South Carolina

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Senate	19	John L. Scott Jr.		Democratic	2008		Incumbent died August 13, 2023, from blood clot issues.^[100] New member elected January 2, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Tameika Isaac Devine (Democratic) 86.0% Kizzie Smalls (Republican) 9.7% Michael Addison (Forward) 2.7% Chris Nelums (United Citizens) 1.6% Write-in 0.1%^[101]
House	109	Deon Tedder		Democratic	2020		Incumbent resigned November 7, 2023, to join the State Senate.^[102] New member elected April 2, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Tiffany Spann-Wilder (Democratic)^[103]

Texas

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	2	Bryan Slaton		Republican	2020		Incumbent resigned May 8, 2023, after facing calls for his expulsion following a scandal involving an inappropriate relationship with an intern; he was subsequently expelled on May 9, 2023.^[104] New member elected January 30, 2024, after no one received over 50% of the vote on November 7, 2023. Republican hold.	nowrap	First round: Brent Money (Republican) 31.7% Jill Dutton (Republican) 25.3% Heath Hyde (Republican) 21.5% Kristen Washington (Democratic) 11.2% Doug Roszhart (Republican) 7.8% Krista Schild (Republican) 2.5%^[105] Runoff: Jill Dutton (Republican) 50.4% Brent Money (Republican) 49.6%^[106]
Senate	15	John Whitmire		Democratic	1982		Incumbent resigned December 31, 2023 to become mayor of Houston.^[107] New member elected May 4, 2024. Democratic hold.	nowrap	Molly Cook (Democratic) 57.1% Jarvis Johnson (Democratic) 42.9%^[108]
House	56	Charles Anderson		Republican	2004		Incumbent resigned August 15, 2024.^[109] New member elected November 5, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Pat Curry (Republican) 68.5% Erin Shank (Democratic) 31.5%^[110]

Virginia

District		Incumbent			This race
Chamber	No.	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
House	48	Les Adams		Republican	2013		Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024.^[113] New member elected January 9, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Eric Phillips (Republican) 69.6% Melody Cartwright (Democratic) 30.3% Write-in 0.1%^[114]
Senate	9	Frank Ruff		Republican	2000		Incumbent resigned January 9, 2024, after being diagnosed with cancer.^[115] New member elected January 9, 2024. Republican hold.	nowrap	Tammy Brankley Mulchi (Republican) 62.8% Tina Wyatt-Younger (Democratic) 37.1% Write-in 0.1%^[116]

Wisconsin

Notes and References

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Web site: Underhill . Wendy . November 8, 2024 . Election Outcomes: Status Quo in the States Despite Federal-Level GOP Gains . 2024-11-19 . National Conference of State Legislatures . en-US.
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Web site: 24 Forecast . 2024-03-26 . projects.cnalysis.com.
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Web site: Stone . Eric . 2024-11-27 . Alaska House and Senate leaders name committee chairs, talk priorities . 2024-11-27 . Alaska Public Media . en-US.
Web site: Stevenson . Ian Max . May 21, 2024 . Idaho Senate leader's upset loss is part of shift at Capitol. How much did far right gain? . November 12, 2024 . Idaho Statesman.
Web site: Corbin . Clark . 2024-11-11 . Idaho Republicans add to supermajority by picking up 3 seats in the state Legislature . 2024-11-12 . Idaho State Journal . en.
Web site: Horsley . McKenna . 2024-11-06 . GOP supermajority numbers unchanged in KY legislature, though there will be some new faces • Kentucky Lantern . 2024-11-12 . Kentucky Lantern . en-US.
Web site: Hendrickson . Clara . Michigan Republicans reclaim state House; House Speaker concedes . 2024-11-12 . Detroit Free Press . en-US.
Web site: Arren Kimbel-Sannit. 13 February 2023. Explaining the why and the where of Montana's new legislative districts. Montana Free Press.
Web site: Miller . Blair . 2024-11-06 . Democrats gain some ground in Montana Legislature after redistricting, but GOP still holds power • Daily Montanan . 2024-11-12 . Daily Montanan . en-US.
Web site: Trau . Morgan . 2024-11-06 . How the 2024 Election impacts balance of power in Ohio Statehouse • Ohio Capital Journal . 2024-11-12 . Ohio Capital Journal . en-US.
Web site: Cooper . Kenny . November 8, 2024 . Democrats maintain narrow control of Pa. state House . 2024-11-08 . WHYY . en-US.
Web site: McGaughy . Lauren . 2024-03-06 . Greg Abbott and Ken Paxton went after their own in the Texas House. It worked. . 2024-06-19 . KUT Radio, Austin's NPR Station . en.
Web site: Scherer . Jasper . 2024-05-29 . Texas House runoffs bring wave of GOP incumbent defeats, give Abbott votes for school vouchers . 2024-05-30 . The Texas Tribune . en.
Web site: Downey . Renzo . Despart . Zach . 2024-11-06 . Texas GOP poised to increase its majorities in the Legislature . 2024-11-07 . The Texas Tribune . en.
Web site: Biddix . Stephen . 2024-11-06 . Vermont Republicans break up Democratic Supermajority in state legislature . 2024-11-07 . WPTZ . en.
Web site: Elbeshbishi . Sarah . 2024-11-06 . West Virginia Republicans add seats to statehouse supermajority . 2024-11-12 . Mountain State Spotlight . en-US.
Web site: Kremer . Rich . 2024-02-22 . What do Wisconsin's new maps mean for the Legislature's balance of power? . 2024-02-23 . WPR . en-US.
Web site: Spears . Baylor . 2024-11-06 . Democrats win several key races in Wisconsin Senate, breaking Republican supermajority • Wisconsin Examiner . 2024-11-07 . Wisconsin Examiner . en-US.
Web site: Mullen . Maggie . 2024-11-11 . Freedom Caucus wins control of Wyoming House . 2024-11-12 . Wyoming Tribune Eagle . en.
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News: Cason. Mike. Kay Ivey schedules special election for House seat vacated by Kyle South resignation. July 8, 2023. AL.com. July 10, 2023.
Web site: State Representative, District 16. January 9, 2024. Alabama Secretary of State. January 10, 2024.
News: Denham. Hannah. Whitmire. Kyle. Bryant. Joseph D.. Alabama Rep. Fred Plump to resign over federal charges in alleged kickback scheme. May 23, 2023. AL.com. May 24, 2023.
News: Crenshaw Jr.. Solomon. Hendrix Declared House District 55 Winner. December 5, 2023. Birmingham Watch. December 8, 2023.
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News: Williams. Javon. State Sen. Clay Scofield resigns to become Executive VP of Business Council of Alabama. October 30, 2023. WAFF. November 2, 2023.
Web site: Koplowitz . Howard . 2024-01-10 . Kitchens wins Alabama Senate seat previously held by ex-Majority Leader Scofield . 2024-01-10 . . en.
News: Norum. Kate. Wes Kitchens sworn in as District 9 Senator. January 23, 2024. WAFF. January 23, 2024.
News: Jeana Ross wins special runoff election for Alabama House District 27 seat. Hagan. Victor. Montgomery Advertiser. April 30, 2024. April 30, 2024.
News: Alabama Rep. John Rogers pleads guilty in county fund fraud case, resigns from House. March 11, 2024. WBMA-LD. March 17, 2024.
News: Democrat Kelvin Datcher wins race to replace former Alabama Rep. John Rogers. October 1, 2024. AL.com. October 1, 2024.
News: Zahn. Brian. Special election for West Haven state representative set as Borer resigns to take on mayoral duties. December 4, 2023. New Haven Register. December 6, 2023.
Web site: New Hampshire Presidential Primary Results. Gowins. Max. January 22, 2024. January 24, 2024. Decision Desk HQ.
News: Ogles. Jacob. Fred Hawkins will leave Florida House on June 30. Florida Politics. June 29, 2023. July 10, 2023.
Web site: Live Results: Florida State House Special Election. January 16, 2024. January 16, 2024. 270toWin.
News: Cone. Allen. Bobby Powell to resign state Senate seat in November, seeks special election. April 15, 2024. WPTV-TV. April 15, 2024.
Web site: 'So thankful': Mack Bernard coasts into Florida Senate seat unopposed. June 11, 2024. June 12, 2024. floridapolitics.com. Scheckner, Jesse.
News: Hotchkiss. Joe. Governor names Harlem state Rep. Barry Fleming next Columbia Judicial Circuit judge. January 3, 2024. The Augusta Chronicle. December 28, 2023.
Web site: Special - State House of Representatives District 125. February 13, 2024. Georgia Secretary of State. February 13, 2024.
Web site: House District 125 Runoff Election. March 12, 2024. Georgia Secretary of State. March 13, 2024.
News: Bluestein. Greg. Mike Dugan joins U.S. House race for Georgia's 3rd District. January 4, 2024. Dugan told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution he will step down from his Carrollton-based Georgia Senate seat on Thursday. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. January 3, 2024.
Web site: State Senate 30. February 13, 2024. Georgia Secretary of State. February 13, 2024.
News: Amy. Jeff. Georgia House Rules Chairman Richard Smith of Columbus dies from flu at age 78. February 1, 2024. Associated Press.
Web site: House District 139. April 9, 2024. Georgia Secretary of State. April 9, 2024.
Web site: State House of Representatives - District 139. May 7, 2024. Georgia Secretary of State. May 7, 2024.
News: State Sen. Gilbert Keith-Agaran of Maui stepping down. August 30, 2023. Honolulu Star-Advertiser. November 8, 2023.
Web site: Iwamoto Edges Out House Speaker Saiki In Tight Race. August 24, 2024. Honolulu Civil Beat. August 11, 2024 .
News: Gorner. Jeremy. July 26, 2023. Illinois State Sen. Patricia Van Pelt announces retirement. August 17, 2023. Chicago Tribune.
Web site: Election Results 2024 General Election. Illinois State Board of Elections. December 2, 2024.
News: Schlenker. Charlie. Senator Pacione-Zayas readies to resign to officially work in Mayor Johnson's inner circle. May 25, 2023. Nadig Newspapers. November 21, 2023.
News: Robb. Tom. Pritzker Names Sen. Gillespie To Head State Dept. Of Insurance. April 10, 2024. Journal & Topics. April 15, 2024.
News: Schlenker. Charlie. 'Timing is right': Barickman leaving Illinois Senate in January. December 5, 2022. WGLT. November 21, 2023.
News: Shepherd. Allison. Reed withdraws candidacy for re-election. January 5, 2024. The LaRue County Herald News. January 6, 2024.
News: Wilkerson. Connor. Republican candidates win in two special elections. The News-Enterprise. March 21, 2024. March 22, 2024.
News: Latek. Tom. Lawmaker to resign to accept deputy treasurer position. December 7, 2023. Kentucky Today. December 22, 2023.
News: Budion. Kaitlyn. South Portland lawmaker Lois Reckitt dies at 78. November 1, 2023. Maine Public. November 2, 2023.
Web site: Maine Election Results: Beck wins State House District 122. March 5, 2024. March 6, 2024. WMTW.
News: Micek. John L.. Mass. state Rep. Peter Durant to be sworn into state Senate on Nov. 29. November 16, 2023. MassLive. November 19, 2023.
News: Mancini. Ryan. Dudley Selectman John Marsi wins race unopposed on Super Tuesday. March 6, 2024. MassLive. March 17, 2024.
Web site: Warren voters elect state Rep. Lori Stone as mayor, per unofficial city results. Hall. Christina. November 7, 2023. November 8, 2023. Detroit Free Press.
Web site: 2024 Michigan Election Results. April 16, 2024. Michigan Voter Information Center. April 16, 2024.
Web site: State Rep. Kevin Coleman becomes Westland's new mayor. Aguilar. Louis. November 7, 2023. November 7, 2023. The Detroit News.
News: Henderson. Eric. Former Minnesota House Speaker Kurt Daudt resigns from state legislature. January 10, 2024. WCCO-TV. January 26, 2024.
Web site: Results for State Representative District 27B. Minnesota Secretary of State. March 21, 2024. March 19, 2024.
News: Ferguson. Dana. Minnesota Sen. Kelly Morrison resigns seat to run for U.S. Congress, setting up tiebreaker special election. MPR News. June 9, 2024. June 7, 2024.
Web site: Results for State Senator District 45. November 8, 2024. Office of the Minnesota Secretary of State.
News: Tetreault. Barbara. A second state representative resigns from Coos delegation. September 20, 2023. The Berlin Sun. September 23, 2023.
News: Tetreault. Barbara. After 17 years, health issues force Rep. William Hatch to resign. September 20, 2023. The Berlin Sun. September 23, 2023.
News: Landrigan. Kevin. Hoy Menear, state rep from Lee, dies. November 13, 2023. New Hampshire Union Leader. November 19, 2023.
News: Downey. KC. Democrats win New Hampshire House special elections held Tuesday. March 13, 2024. WMUR-TV. March 13, 2024.
News: Alexander. Dan. Portsmouth House member resigns over move out of ward. December 2, 2023. Seacoast Current. December 2, 2023.
News: Bronx Assemblywoman Latoya Joyner to leave office for another job. Balk. Tim. January 4, 2024. January 4, 2024. New York Daily News.
Web site: Member of the Assembly 77th Assembly District. February 13, 2024. New York City Board of Elections. February 13, 2024.
News: Beach. Jeff. North Dakota to follow judge's redistricting order for 2024 election, despite appeal. January 10, 2024. The Bismarck Tribune. July 26, 2024. Welte's ruling means adding elections in Districts 9 and 15, which were also on the 2022 ballot..
Web site: Legislative District Results. November 8, 2024. North Dakota Secretary of State.
News: Beach. Jeff. North Dakota to follow judge's redistricting order for 2024 election, despite appeal. January 10, 2024. The Bismarck Tribune. July 26, 2024. Welte's ruling means adding elections in Districts 9 and 15, which were also on the 2022 ballot..
News: Fulton. Jacob. Williston lawmaker resigns from Legislature, citing family health issues. April 10, 2024. The Bismarck Tribune. April 15, 2024.
News: Beach. Jeff. North Dakota to follow judge's redistricting order for 2024 election, despite appeal. January 10, 2024. The Bismarck Tribune. July 26, 2024. Welte's ruling means adding elections in Districts 9 and 15, which were also on the 2022 ballot..
News: Beach. Jeff. North Dakota to follow judge's redistricting order for 2024 election, despite appeal. January 10, 2024. The Bismarck Tribune. July 26, 2024. Welte's ruling means adding elections in Districts 9 and 15, which were also on the 2022 ballot..
News: Rulli Wins Special Election for Ohio 6th District House Seat Vacated by Johnson. June 12, 2024. The Intelligencer. August 19, 2024.
Web site: State Senator Summary Results. 2024-11-08. Ohio Secretary of State.
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Web site: For State Representative District 39 (Unexpired Term). February 13, 2024. Oklahoma State Election Board. February 13, 2024.
Web site: Executive Department - Amended Executive Proclamation. December 14, 2023. Oklahoma Secretary of State. February 24, 2024.
Web site: OK Election Results. Oklahoma State Elections Board. November 8, 2024.
News: Forth. Snow. Oklahoma state Sen. George Young is stepping down from his role in November. February 7, 2024. KOCO-TV. February 24, 2024.
Web site: OKC city council's Nikki Nice defeats Connie Johnson for Oklahoma's Senate District 48. June 18, 2024. The Oklahoman. June 18, 2024.
News: Ulrich. Steve. HD-140: Galloway Resigns His Seat; Special Election Set For February 13. PoliticsPA. December 14, 2023. December 15, 2023.
Web site: 2024 Special Election 140th Legislative District. February 13, 2024. Pennsylvania Department of State. February 13, 2024.
News: Ulrich. Steve. HD-139: Adams Resigns Seat Effective Immediately. PoliticsPA. February 9, 2024. February 9, 2024.
Web site: 2024 Special Election 139th Legislative District. April 23, 2024. Pennsylvania Department of State. April 30, 2024.
News: Ulrich. Steve. Bullock, Kinsey Resign From State House. Special Elections Set For September 17. PoliticsPA. July 16, 2024. July 16, 2024.
News: Steve. Ulrich. Harris, Carroll Victorious in PA House Special Elections. Politics PA. September 18, 2024. September 19, 2024.
News: South Carolina State Sen. John Scott of Richland County dies. He was 69. Bustos. Joseph. August 13, 2023. August 16, 2023. The State.
Web site: State Senate District 19 Special Election. South Carolina Election Commission. January 2, 2024. January 2, 2024.
Web site: Tedder cruises to blowout victory in Senate 42 special election. Thompson. Alexander. November 7, 2023. November 8, 2023. The Post and Courier.
News: Brams. Sophie. Tiffany Spann-Wilder projected to win South Carolina House District 109 special primary election. January 30, 2024. WCBD-TV. January 31, 2024.
News: Barragán . James . State. Rep. Bryan Slaton resigns ahead of expulsion vote over inappropriate relationship with aide . 8 May 2023 . . 8 May 2023.
Web site: State Representative District 2 - Unexpired Term. November 8, 2023.
News: Osibamowo. Toluwani. Republican Jill Dutton leads Texas House District 2 race in close runoff. January 30, 2024. KERA-TV. January 31, 2024.
Web site: Democrat John Whitmire wins Houston mayoral race. Marquez. Alexandra. December 9, 2023. December 9, 2023. NBC News.
News: Scherer. Jason. Molly Cook declares victory over Rep. Jarvis Johnson in special election to fill open Texas Senate seat until January. May 4, 2024. The Texas Tribune. May 5, 2024.
Web site: Scherer. Jasper. Republican state Rep. Doc Anderson resigns. Texas Tribune. August 15, 2024. August 19, 2024.
Web site: STATE REPRESENTATIVE DISTRICT 56. November 8, 2024. Texas Secretary of State.
News: Scholl. Jacob. Schott. Bryan. Karen Mayne, a former Utah Senate minority leader, resigns due to health reasons. January 4, 2023. The Salt Lake Tribune. December 3, 2023.
Web site: 2024 General Election. November 22, 2024.
News: Les Adams resigns from Virginia House of Delegates. December 12, 2023. December 12, 2023 . Chatham Star-Tribune.
Web site: Member, House of Delegates (48th District). Virginia Department of Elections. January 9, 2024. January 24, 2024.
News: Frank M. Ruff, Jr. to retire from Virginia State Senate due to health concerns. Blair. Tannock. December 15, 2023. December 15, 2023 . WRIC-TV.
Web site: Member, Senate of Virginia (9th District). Virginia Department of Elections. January 9, 2024. January 24, 2024.
News: Schmidt. Mitchell. Gov. Tony Evers appoints Sen. Lena Taylor to Milwaukee County Circuit Court. January 26, 2024. Wisconsin State Journal. January 26, 2024.
News: Fleury. Amy. Dora Drake wins special election for Wisconsin's 4th Senate District seat. July 30, 2024. WISN. July 30, 2024.

2024 United States state legislative elections explained

Summary table

Election predictions

State summaries

Alaska

Arizona

Arkansas

California

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Hawaii

Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Maine

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Missouri

Montana

Nebraska

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Mexico

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

Tennessee

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Washington

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Wyoming

Territorial and federal district summaries

American Samoa

Guam

Northern Mariana Islands

Puerto Rico

U.S. Virgin Islands

Washington, D.C.

Special elections

Alabama

Florida

Georgia

Illinois

Kentucky

Michigan

Minnesota

New Hampshire

North Dakota

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Texas

Virginia

Wisconsin

See also

Notes and References