2024 United States presidential election explained

Election Name:2024 United States presidential election
Country:United States
Type:presidential
Opinion Polls:Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election
Ongoing:yes
Previous Election:2020 United States presidential election
Previous Year:2020
Next Year:2028
Election Date:November 5, 2024
Votes For Election:538 members of the Electoral College
Needed Votes:270 electoral
Image1:Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Kamala Harris
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State1:California
Running Mate1:Tim Walz
Nominee2:Donald Trump
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Home State2:Florida
Running Mate2:JD Vance
President
Before Election:Joe Biden
Before Party:Democratic

The 2024 United States presidential election will be the 60th quadrennial presidential election, set to be held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024.[1] Voters in each state and the District of Columbia will choose electors to the Electoral College, who will then elect a president and vice president for a term of four years.

The incumbent president, Joe Biden, a member of the Democratic Party, initially ran for re-election and became the party's presumptive nominee, facing little opposition.[2] [3] However, Biden's performance in the June 2024 presidential debate intensified concerns about his age and health, and led to calls within his party for him to leave the race.[4] He withdrew on July 21 and endorsed Vice President Kamala Harris, who became the party's nominee on August 5. Harris selected Tim Walz, the governor of Minnesota, as her running mate. Biden's withdrawal makes him the first eligible incumbent president since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1968 not to run for re-election, and the first to withdraw after securing enough delegates to win the nomination.[5] Harris is the first nominee who did not participate in the primaries since Hubert Humphrey, also in 1968.[6]

Biden's predecessor, Donald Trump, a member of the Republican Party, is running for re-election for a second, non-consecutive term, after losing to Biden in 2020.[7] Trump faced also little opposition in the Republican primaries. Trump was nominated during the 2024 Republican National Convention along with his running mate, Ohio senator JD Vance. Trump's campaign has been criticized by legal experts, historians, and political scientists for invoking violent rhetoric and authoritarian statements. During the 2024 campaign, Trump has continued to repeat his false claims that the 2020 election was rigged and stolen from him, prompting the January 6 Capitol attack. In 2023 and 2024, Trump was found liable and guilty in civil and criminal proceedings, respectively, for sexual abuse, defamation, financial fraud, and falsifying business records, becoming the first former president to be convicted of a crime.[8] Trump survived an assassination attempt on July 13; he was shot in the ear.

The presidential election will take place at the same time as elections for the U.S. Senate, House, gubernatorial, and state legislatures. Key swing states for the presidential election include Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.[9] Leading campaign issues are abortion,[10] [11] [12] border security and immigration,[13] [14] climate change,[15] [16] democracy,[17] [18] the economy,[19] education,[20] foreign policy,[21] healthcare,[22] and LGBT rights.[23] The winners are scheduled to be inaugurated on January 20, 2025, as the 47th president and 50th vice president of the United States.

Background

Procedure

Article Two of the United States Constitution states that for a person to serve as president, the individual must be a natural-born citizen of the United States, be at least 35 years old, and have been a United States resident for at least 14 years. The Twenty-second Amendment forbids any person from being elected president more than twice. Major party candidates seek the nomination through a series of primary elections that select the delegates who choose the candidate at the party's national convention. Each party's national convention chooses a vice presidential running mate to form that party's ticket. The nominee for president usually picks the running mate, who is then ratified by the delegates at the party's convention. If no candidate wins a majority of their party's delegates' votes, or (in this election) a party's presumptive nominee drops out of the race between the primaries and the convention, a brokered convention may be held: the delegates are then "released" and are free to switch their allegiance to a different candidate.[24]

The general election in November is an indirect election, in which voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors then directly elect the president and vice president.[25]

Election offices are dealing with increased workloads and public scrutiny. Officials in many key states have sought for more funds to hire more personnel, improve security, and extend training. Numerous election offices are dealing with an increase in retirements and public record demands, owing in part to the electoral mistrust planted by former President Donald Trump's loss in the 2020 election.[26] [27]

Trump is the first president in American history to be impeached twice, and the first to run again after impeachment. Trump was first impeached by the Democratic-controlled House of Representatives in December 2019 for abuse of power and obstruction of Congress due to his attempts to coerce Ukraine to provide damaging information on Joe Biden and misinformation regarding Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections by withholding military aid.[28] Trump's second impeachment by the House occurred on January 13, 2021, for "incitement of insurrection" owing to his role in the January 6 United States Capitol attack. As Trump was acquitted by the Senate in both cases, Trump is not barred from seeking reelection to the presidency in 2024.[29]

The Colorado Supreme Court,[30] a state Circuit Court in Illinois,[31] and the Secretary of State of Maine ruled that Trump is ineligible to hold office under Section 3 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution for his role in the January 6 Capitol attack, and as such, attempted to disqualify him from appearing on the ballot.[32] [33] These attempts were unsuccessful, as on March 4, 2024, the United States Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states cannot determine eligibility for a national election under Section 3.[34]

Election interference

See main article: Election interference.

False claims of interference made by Donald Trump

Trump has made false claims of voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election, and has continued denying the election results .[35] [36] Election security experts have warned that officials who deny the legitimacy of the 2020 presidential election, may attempt to impede the voting process, or refuse to certify the 2024 results.[37] The New York Times has reported that "the Republican Party and its conservative allies are engaged in an unprecedented legal campaign targeting the American voting system", by restricting voting for partisan advantage ahead of Election Day and preparing to mount "legally dubious" challenges against the certification process if Trump loses.[38] In the lead up to the 2024 election, the Republican Party has made false claims of massive "noncitizen voting" by immigrants, in an attempt to delegitimize the election in the event of a Trump defeat.[39] [40] [41]

The claims have been made as part of a larger election denial movement in the United States.[42] Trump has continued spreading his "Big Lie" of a stolen election and has predicted without evidence that the 2024 election would be rigged against him. Trump has baselessly claimed some version of "election interference" against him roughly once per day since announcing his 2024 candidacy. Trump has falsely accused Biden of "weaponizing" the Justice Department to target him in relation to his criminal trials. Trump and several Republicans have stated they will not accept the results of the 2024 election if they believe they are "unfair."[43]

Trump's previous comments suggesting he can "terminate" the Constitution to reverse his election loss,[44] [45] his claim that he would only be a dictator on "day one" of his presidency and not after, his promise to use the Justice Department to go after his political enemies,[46] his plan to use the Insurrection Act of 1807 to deploy the military in Democratic cities and states,[47] [48] attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, continued Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election, Trump's baseless predictions of voter fraud in the 2024 election,[49] and Trump's public embrace and celebration of the January 6 United States Capitol attack,[50] have raised concerns over the state of democracy in America.[51] [52] [53] [54] Trump's political operation said that it plans to deploy more than 100,000 attorneys and volunteers to polling places across battleground states, with an "election integrity hotline" for poll watchers and voters to report alleged voting irregularities.[55]

Interference by foreign nations

Current and former U.S. officials have stated that foreign interference in the 2024 election is likely. Three major factors cited were "America's deepening domestic political crises, the collapse of controversial attempts to control political speech on social media, and the rise of generative AI."[56] On April 1, 2024, The New York Times reported that the Chinese government had created fake pro-Trump accounts on social media "promoting conspiracy theories, stoking domestic divisions and attacking President Biden ahead of the election in November."[57] According to disinformation experts and intelligence agencies, Russia spread disinformation ahead of the 2024 election to damage Joe Biden and Democrats, boost candidates supporting isolationism, and undercut support for Ukraine aid and NATO.[58] [59]

On August 8, 2024, Microsoft reported that Iran was attempting to influence the 2024 presidential election and that a group affiliated with the Revolutionary Guard had "broken into the email account of a former senior adviser to a presidential campaign".[60] On August 10, 2024, the Trump campaign claimed it had been hacked by Iran as part of Iranian interference, and on August 12 the Harris campaign also claimed to have been victims of a failed spear phishing attack by Iran.[61] On August 14, 2024, Google's Threat Analysis Group reported that Iran had attempted to hack the Trump and Biden-Harris campaigns in May and June.

Criminal trials and indictments against Donald Trump

See main article: Indictments against Donald Trump.

Trump has been found liable in civil proceedings for both sexual abuse and defamation in 2023 and defamation in 2024, while also being criminally convicted of 34 felonies related to falsifying business records, expected to be an issue during the campaign. He has four criminal indictments totaling 91 felony counts and there are other lawsuits against Trump.[62] On May 30, Trump was found guilty by a jury of all 34 felony counts in The People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump over falsifying business records for hush money payments to adult film star Stormy Daniels, to ensure her silence about a sexual encounter between them, to influence the 2016 presidential election. This makes Trump the first former U.S. president to be convicted of a crime in American history.[63] Trump and many Republicans have made numerous false and misleading statements regarding Trump's criminal trials, including false claims that they are "rigged" or "election interference" orchestrated by Joe Biden and the Democratic Party, of which there is no evidence.[64]

Trump faces an additional 57 felony counts; four counts in a United States of America v. Donald J. Trump for his alleged role in attempting to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election and involvement in the January 6 United States Capitol attack; 10 counts in The State of Georgia v. Donald J. Trump, et al. for his alleged attempts to overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election in Georgia; 40 counts in United States of America v. Donald J. Trump, Waltine Nauta, and Carlos De Oliveira relating to his hoarding of classified documents and alleged obstruction of efforts to retrieve them.[65]

In addition to his indictments, on May 9, 2023, Trump was found liable by an anonymous jury[66] for sexual abuse[67] in E. Jean Carroll v. Donald J. Trump and ordered to pay a total of $88.3 million combined for damages and defamation.[68] [69] [70] In September 2023, Trump was found guilty of financial fraud and ordered to pay a $457 million judgement currently on appeal.[71]

According to an April 2024 Reuters/Ipsos poll, the percentage of registered voters who found Trump's charges somewhat to very serious in the federal elections case was 74%, 72% in the Georgia case, 69% in the classified documents case, and 64% in the New York hush money case.[72] Nearly a quarter of Republican voters said they would not vote for Trump if found guilty of a felony by a jury. Following his hush money conviction, 15% of likely Republican voters and 49% of independents stated they wanted Trump to drop out, and 54% of registered voters approved of the jury's decision.[73] Polling also found 56% of Republicans who were unchanged by the verdict, and 35% of Republicans and 18% of independents who stated they were more likely to vote for Trump.

Trump has been noted for attempting to delay his trials until after the November election. If Trump wins the election in November, then on January 20, 2025, Trump could order a new attorney general to dismiss the federal charges he is facing, prevent the state charges from taking affect through a variety of methods, and issue a presidential self-pardon.[74] [75]

On July 1, 2024, the US Supreme Court delivered its 6–3 decision in Trump v. United States, along ideological lines, ruling that Trump had absolute immunity for acts he committed as president within his core constitutional purview, at least presumptive immunity for official acts within the outer perimeter of his official responsibility, and no immunity for unofficial acts.[76] [77] [78] Thus, Trump's sentencing date for his convictions in New York was delayed from July to September 2024,[79] and likely the trial dates in Trump's other cases will be delayed as well, to review the applicability of the Supreme Court's decision.[80] [81]

Fitness to lead

See also: Age and health concerns about Donald Trump and List of controversies of recent U.S. Presidents. According to polling released in July and August, a majority of voters polled after the first debate think Trump is too old to serve a second term (51%,[82] 57%,[83] and 60%[84]), with 80% unsure he would be able to finish out a second term. During and after Trump's presidency, comments on his age, weight, lifestyle and history of heart disease have raised questions about his physical health.[85] In addition, numerous public figures, media sources, and mental health professionals have speculated that Donald Trump may have some form of dementia, which runs in his family.[86] Experts for the science publication STAT who analyzed changes in Trump's speeches between 2015 and 2024 noted shorter sentences, more tangents, more repetition and more confusion of words and phrases. The doctors suggested it could just be due to changes in mood or it could indicate the beginning of Alzheimer's.[87] The sharp rise in all-or-nothing thinking is also linked to cognitive decline. Trump has also been criticized for his lack of transparency around his medical records and health.[88] [89]

The New York Times and Los Angeles Times[90] editorial boards also declared Trump unfit to lead, pointing to what former Trump officials “have described as his systematic dishonesty, corruption, cruelty and incompetence.”[91] [92] Donald Trump has also been criticized for his hiring decisions,[93] [94] and noted for his unusual criminal record.[95]

Political violence

Several scholars, lawmakers, intelligence agencies, and the public have expressed concerns about political violence surrounding the 2024 election.[96] [97] The fears come amidst increasing threats and acts of physical violence targeting public officials and election workers at all levels of government.[98] [99] Trump has increasingly embraced extremism, conspiracy theories such as Q-Anon, and far-right militia movements to a greater extent than any modern American president.[100] [101] Trump has espoused dehumanizing, combative, and violent rhetoric and promised retribution against his political enemies. Trump has played down but refused to rule out violence following the 2024 election, stating "it depends".[102]

Assassination attempt

See main article: Attempted assassination of Donald Trump.

On July 13, 2024, Trump survived an assassination attempt while addressing a campaign rally near Butler, Pennsylvania.[103] Trump was shot and wounded on his right ear by Thomas Matthew Crooks, a 20-year-old man from Bethel Park, Pennsylvania,[104] [105] who fired eight rounds with an AR-15–style rifle from the roof of a building located approximately 400feet from the stage; the shots killed audience member Corey Comperatore and critically injured two other audience members. Crooks was subsequently shot and killed by the U.S. Secret Service's counter-sniper team.[106] The motive and cause of the assassination attempt are still under investigation by authorities.

Electoral map

Effects of the 2020 census

See main article: 2020 United States redistricting cycle.

This will be the first presidential election to occur after the reapportionment of votes in the United States Electoral College following the 2020 United States census.[107] [108] If the state results of 2020 were to stay the same in 2024, which has never occurred before, Democrats would have 303 electoral votes against the Republicans' 235, a slight change from Biden's 306 and Trump's 232, meaning Democrats lost a net 3 electoral votes to reapportionment. This apportionment will remain through the 2028 election. Reapportionment will be conducted again after the 2030 census.[109]

Swing states

Most states are not competitive because demographics keep them solidly behind a party. Because of the nature of the Electoral College, this means a limited number of swing states — competitive states that "swing" between the parties – are vital to winning the presidency. These include states in the Rust Belt, such as Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, and in the Sun Belt, such as Arizona, and Georgia.[110] Strategists have stated the election will be decided by about 6% of voters, 80,000 voters, in these states.[111] Pennsylvania has the highest chance of tipping the election; both candidates have less than a 7% chance of winning if they lose the state.[112] North Carolina is a swing state, due to the close result in the previous presidential election, in which Trump only won by 1.3%.[113]

Due to gradual demographic shifts, some former swing states such as Iowa, Ohio and Florida have shifted significantly towards the Republicans, while Colorado, New Mexico and Oregon have moved towards the Democrats.[114] [115] [116] The Democratic electoral coalition, securing the "blue states" for Democratic presidential candidates, has had relatively high support among Black voters;[117] [118] voters who have attended college[119] or who live in urban areas.[120] Some working class voters since the 1970s, have drifted towards Republican candidates as Democrats moved to the left on cultural issues.[121] The traditional Republican coalition in "red states" is composed mainly of rural White voters, evangelicals, the elderly, and non-college educated voters.[122] Republicans had performed well with suburban, middle class voters since the 1950s, but this bloc has drifted away from them recently because of the rise of the Make America Great Again movement.[123] The acceleration of this trend has been credited with tipping the 2020 presidential election in favor of Democrat Joe Biden, because the incumbent Trump was historically unpopular in the suburbs for a Republican candidate, underperforming there.[124]

Campaign issues

Abortion

Abortion access is expected to be a key topic during the campaign.[125] [13] This is the first presidential election to be held in the aftermath of the 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision, in which the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, leaving abortion law entirely to the states, including bans on abortion.[126] The three justices appointed by former president Donald Trump—Amy Coney Barrett, Brett Kavanaugh, and Neil Gorsuch—all voted to overturn the federal right to an abortion in Dobbs.[127]

Democrats are predominantly supportive of viewing abortion access as a right[128] while Republican politicians generally favor significantly restricting the legality of abortion.[129] By April 2023, most Republican-controlled states had passed near-total bans on abortion, rendering it largely illegal throughout much of the United States. According to the Kaiser Family Foundation, there are 15 states that have de jure early-stage bans on abortion without exceptions for rape or incest.

Trump has claimed credit for overturning Roe, but has criticized Republicans pushing for total abortion bans.[130] [131] Trump has said he will leave the issue of abortion for the states to decide, but would allow red states to monitor women's pregnancies and prosecute them if they have an abortion.[132] Since becoming the presumptive nominee, Kamala Harris has indicated her support for passing legislation which would restore the federal abortion right protections previously guaranteed by Roe.[133] [134] [135]

Border security and immigration

See main article: Mexico–United States border crisis and United States border security concerns. Border security and immigration are among the top issues concerning potential voters in the 2024 presidential election.[136] [137] Polling has shown that a majority of Americans want to reduce immigration into the country[138] and that a substantial minority of white Republicans are concerned about white demographic decline.[139] In 2023 and early 2024, a surge of migrants entering the country through the United States' border with Mexico occurred.[140] By June 2024, illegal crossings reached a three-year low following four consecutive monthly drops, which senior U.S. officials attributed to increased enforcement between the United States and Mexico, the weather, and Biden's executive order increasing asylum restrictions.[141] By July 2024, border arrests dropped 33% to a 46-month low as a result of Biden's executive action after it previously dropped by 55% in June, bringing it to its lowest level since September 2020.[142]

Harris has promised to fight for "strong border security" coupled with an earned pathway to citizenship. Harris has highlighted her work in combating transnational gangs, drug cartels, and human traffickers while attorney general.[143] In 2023, as vice president, Harris announced pledges of US$950 million from private companies into Central American communities to address the causes of mass migration, such as poverty.[135] Harris states she believes the immigration system is "broken" and needs to be fixed, and she says most Americans believe this.[135] Harris supports increasing the number of Border Patrol agents and accuses Trump as being unserious on border security.[144] While vice president, Harris supported a bipartisan bill which would have funded additional border agents and closed the border if too crowded that was rejected by Trump. Trump called on House and Senate Republicans to kill the bill arguing that it would hurt his and Republican's reelection campaigns and deny them the ability to run on immigration as a campaign issue.[145] [146] [147] [148] [149] [150] Harris has criticized Trump for his opposition to the bill on the campaign trail.[143]

Donald Trump has stated that if elected, he would increase deportations, send the U.S. military to the border, expand ICE detentions through workplace raids, deputize local law enforcement to handle border security, increase Customs and Border Patrol funding as well as finish building the wall on the southern border.[151] The New York Times reported that Trump is considering "an extreme expansion of his first-term crackdown on immigration," such as "preparing to round up undocumented people already in the United States on a vast scale and detain them in sprawling camps while they wait to be expelled."[152] Trump has stated his intention to deport 11 million people through the construction of detention camps and using the military. Trump has made false claims of a "migrant crime wave" that are not supported by national data.[153]

Trump's anti-immigration tone is noted to have grown harsher from his previous time as president,[152] and has drawn criticism for using more dehumanizing rhetoric when referring to some illegal immigrants. Trump has called some immigrants "not human", "not people", and "animals".[154] [155] Since fall 2023, Trump has claimed that immigrants are "poisoning the blood of our country," which has drawn comparisons to racial hygiene rhetoric used by white supremacists and Adolf Hitler.[156] [157] [158] Trump's comments come as part of violent, dehumanizing rhetoric Trump has increasingly utilized during his campaign.

Kennedy has stated that he supports securing the border, including efforts like Operation Lone Star by states in the absence of federal action.[159]

Climate change

See main article: Climate change in the United States.

See also: Environmental policy of the Donald Trump administration, Climate change denial and Inflation Reduction Act.

Climate change is expected to be an issue in the 2024 presidential election.[16] In 2023, the United States saw a record in crude oil production with over 13.2 million barrels of crude per day beating the 13 million barrels per day produced at the peak of Trump's presidency.[160] America also dealt with supply shocks caused by the 2021–2024 global energy crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Russian invasion of Ukraine.[161]

Harris is an advocate for environmental justice to address the impact of climate change on lower-income areas and people of color. Under Biden, she supported his climate legislation.[135] Harris helped pass the Inflation Reduction Act,[162] the largest investment in addressing climate change and clean energy in US history[163] putting the US on track to meet emissions reduction targets by 50–52% below 2005 levels by 2030.[164] Harris's campaign has stated that she does not support a ban on fracking.[165] [166] [167]

Trump has ridiculed the idea of man-made climate change[168] [169] [170] and repeatedly referred to his energy policy under the mantra "drill, baby, drill."[171] Trump says he will increase oil drilling on public lands and offer tax breaks to oil, gas, and coal producers. Trump has stated his goal for the U.S. to have the lowest cost of electricity and energy of any country in the world. Trump has promised to roll back electric vehicle initiatives, proposed once again leaving the Paris Climate Accords, and rescinding several environmental regulations.[172] Trump has stated his intention to roll back parts of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.[173]

Democracy

See main article: Democratic backsliding in the United States, Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election and Election denial movement in the United States.

See also: Project 2025 and Indictments against Donald Trump.

Democracy is expected to be a large issue in the 2024 election. An AP-NORC poll of 1,074 adults conducted between November 30 to December 4, 2023, found that 62% of adults said democracy could be at risk depending on who wins the next election.[174]

Polling before the election has indicated profound dissatisfaction with the state of American democracy.[175] [176] [177] Liberals tend to believe that conservatives are threatening the country with Christian nationalist autocratic tendencies and their attempts to overturn the 2020 election.[178] Some Republicans are concerned that Trump's former impeachment and four criminal indictments are attempts to influence the election and keep him from office.[179] However, there is no evidence that Trump's criminal trials are "election interference" orchestrated by Joe Biden and the Democratic Party.[64] [180] Trump has repeated false claims that the 2020 election was rigged and stolen from him.[181]

Donald Trump's 2024 campaign has been criticized by legal experts, historians, and political scientists for making increasingly violent and authoritarian statements,[182] [183] [184] which some believe the Trump campaign is intentionally leaning into.[185] Trump's platform calls for the vast expansion of presidential powers and the executive branch over every part of the federal government.[186] Trump has called for stripping employment protections for thousands of career civil service employees and replacing them with political loyalists if deemed an "obstacle to his agenda" within federal agencies, the United States Intelligence Community, State Department, and Department of Defense.[187] Trump has repeatedly stated his intention to have the Justice Department investigate and arrest his domestic political rivals, judges, prosecutors, and witnesses involved in his criminal trials.[188] [189] [190] Project 2025 is a proposed plan by the Heritage Foundation to centralize power into the executive branch for conservative policies to be enacted without input from the judicial branch, legislative branch or local government. The plan received some support from the Republican party. The document was written in part by former members of the Trump administration such as Russell Vought, and John McEntee[191] while Donald Trump stated states he is unfamiliar with parts of the plan.[192] [193] [194]

Trump's campaign has been noted for using increasingly dehumanizing and violent rhetoric against his political enemies.[195] [196] [197] [198] [199] Trump has promised to pardon those charged for their involvement in the January 6, 2021, Capitol attack and has called those charged "hostages" and "great, great patriots."[200] [201] [202] Trump has played down but not ruled out violence after the 2024 election if he does not win, stating, "it depends."[203]

Harris was tasked by Biden with protecting democracy through voting rights legislation through her work on the For the People Act. Harris has supported efforts to defend election workers and counter Republican efforts to restrict voting following the 2020 presidential election.[135] Harris says she supports efforts to improve racial justice. Harris previously supported the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act.[135] Harris has supported demilitarizing police departments, and has pushed back against calls to defund the police.[166]

Economic issues

See main article: Economy of the United States. Voters consistently cite economic issues as their top issue for the 2024 election. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, America went through a surge in inflation that raised prices on many goods.[204] [205] [206] The New York Times reports that both candidates "embraced a vision of a powerful federal government, using its muscle to intervene in markets in pursuit of a stronger and more prosperous economy."

Harris has proposed raising the corporate tax rate to 28%, raising the top tier capital gains tax to 45% and imposing a 25% tax on unrealized capital gains for individuals with a net worth over $100 million.[207] [208] Harris supports strengthening the middle class,[209] and is running on a pro-union agenda.[210] Harris has promoted the passage of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, funding for small business, and previously supported an act as senator to provide a $6,000 tax credit for middle and low-income families.[135] Harris has promised to address price gouging, bring down costs, ban hidden fees and late charges from financial institutions, limit "unfair" rent increases and cap prescription drug costs which she has said would "lower costs and save many middle-class families thousands of dollars a year".[211] The New York Times described Harris' economic policy as embracing "the idea that the federal government must act aggressively to foster competition and correct distortions in private markets." Harris has proposed raising taxes on corporations and high-earners to fund services for the lower and middle classes and reduce the deficit. Harris has also proposed tax breaks to companies delivering economic benefit, such as manufacturing technologies to fight global warming and building affordable housing. Harris has proposed a ban on corporate price gouging to "help the food industry become more competitive."[212] Harris has also expressed support for student debt relief,[209] and endorsed a "no tax on tips" policy that has seen bipartisan support, including from her presidential competitor Donald Trump. Harris says she supports raising the minimum wage.[213] Harris says she will increase home construction to reduce housing costs, arguing that it negatively impacts the economy and hurts working-class families. Harris has proposed directing $40 billion to construction companies to build starter homes. Harris has promised to send $25,000 in down-payment assistance to every first time home buyer.[212] Harris says she will urge Congress to enforce fair housing laws and pass a bill to bar property owners from using services that "coordinate" rents through the passage of the Preventing the Algorithmic Facilitation of Rental Housing Cartels Act, and also call on Congress to pass the Stop Predatory Investing Act by removing tax benefits to Wall Street firms that buy up large numbers of single-family homes.[214] [215]

Trump has proposed further individual and corporate tax cuts beyond his prior 2017 tax cuts.[216] Trump has argued that keeping taxes low for the wealthy increases job creation,[217] and that these policies coupled with a crackdown in illegal immigration and reduction in inflation will help the middle class.[209] Trump promises to reduce regulation of business, including environmental regulation. Trump has said deporting millions of immigrants will bring housing prices down.[212] Trump's stated trade policy involves the United States decoupling from the global economy and having the country become more self-contained and exerting its power through individual trade dealings. This would be accomplished through a universal baseline tariff of 10% on all imports, with increased penalties if trade partners manipulate their currency or engage in unfair trade practices. Trump has called for 100% tariffs on cars made outside the U.S. and a minimum 60% tariff on Chinese goods.[218] Trump stated his plans to urge Congress to pass a "Trump Reciprocal Trade Act" to bestow presidential authority to impose a reciprocal tariff on any country that imposed one on the United States. The Washington Post reported in January 2024 that Trump was preparing for a massive trade war.[219] Trump's trade policies have been described as protectionist,[220] neomercantilist or autarkist.[221] [222] Increasing inflation has become a more common critique of Trump's economic plans.[223] [224] [225] [226] In June 2024, 16 Nobel Prize in Economics laureates signed an open letter arguing that Trump's fiscal and trade policies coupled with efforts to limit the Federal Reserve's independence would reignite inflation in the United States.[227] [228] [229] Moody's[230] and most economists surveyed by the WSJ in July 2024 predict that inflation would be worse under Trump than Biden, a result due in part to tariffs, a crack down on illegal immigration, and larger deficits.[231]

Education

Trump has pledged to terminate the Department of Education, claiming it has been infiltrated by "radical zealots and Marxists."[232] At the American Federation of Teachers national convention, Harris attacked recent efforts to ban books.[233] She has also previously called for raising teacher's wages.[234]

Foreign policy

See main article: Foreign policy of the United States.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and Israel–Hamas war are expected issues in the election.[235] Harris has signaled to generally follow Biden's foreign policy on NATO and Ukraine, supporting both in the aftermath of the Russian invasion.[135] [236] A supporter of the two-state solution,[237] Harris is seen as more sympathetic to Palestinians than Biden, who has described himself as a Zionist and has a long history with Israeli leaders. Regarding the Israel–Hamas war, analysts expect Harris to continue Biden's approach.[238] Following Hamas's attack on Israel in 2023, Harris strongly supported Israel's offensive,[239] stating that "the threat Hamas poses to the people of Israel must be eliminated". However, she has since criticized Israel's approach and the Gaza humanitarian crisis. In March 2024, Harris opposed Israel's invasion of Rafah, called for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, and stated that the situation in Gaza is a "humanitarian catastrophe". Harris has advocated for "de-risking" from Beijing, a policy that encourages reducing Western economic dependence on China.[240] Harris is expected to continue deepening American alliances in Asia and the Pacific with the intention of curbing China's rising power both economically and militarily.[241]

Trump's 2024 campaign has reiterated its isolationist "America First" foreign policy agenda,[242] [243] and has promised to "fundamentally reevaluate" NATO's purpose and mission, shifting the nation's defense burdens from Europe towards Asia.[244] Trump has stated he would encourage Russia to "do whatever the hell they want" to countries that did not contribute enough to NATO.[245] Trump has said he would cut off aid to Ukraine quickly if reelected.[246] Trump previously stated he would potentially recognize Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea,[247] and made suggestions that he could have prevented the war by ceding parts of eastern Ukraine to Russia. Trump has voiced strong support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war, and has stated that they must "finish the problem".[248] Trump has promised a tougher stance against China than Biden,[249] but has also questioned whether America should defend Taiwan.[250] Trump has suggested withdrawing troops from South Korea if it does not pay more to support U.S. troops there.

Kennedy condemned Hamas's attacks on Israeli civilians and declared support for aid to Israel.[251]

Israel–Hamas war views

Polling has indicated a significant divide between government policy on the Israel–Hamas war and the views of the general public. More than 700,000 primary voters in 23 states are expected to vote the same way as their counterparts in France and Britain recently, a signal that support for Israel's actions in Gaza could become a political liability for moderate Democrats.[252] During the election, several pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian protests occurred in the United States. Before dropping out, Biden voiced support for the right to protest but criticized when they became violent or antisemitic.[253] Harris has described young Americans who are protesting against Israel's actions in Gaza as "showing exactly what the human emotion should be", but said she "absolutely rejects" some of their statements, despite understanding "the emotion behind it." Trump has stated he would shut down Palestinian protests, deport demonstrators, and "set the movement back 25 or 30 years."[254]

Healthcare issues

The issue of healthcare, drug policy, and the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to play a key role in the 2024 presidential election.[255] [256]

Harris has supported efforts to strengthen coverage under the Affordable Care Act,[166] including setting caps on seniors' out-of-pocket prescription drug prices at $2,000 and limiting the cost of insulin for those on Medicare to $35 enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act.[162] Harris has been a proponent of White House efforts to ban medical debt from credit reports.[209] Harris has stated she no longer supports a single-payer healthcare system.[166] Harris has supported the expanded child tax credit enacted in the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 that reduced child poverty by 20%.[162] Harris has expressed support for making child care and elder care more affordable and enacting paid family leave.[209] On August 16, 2024, Kamala Harris announced the proposal of a $6,000 child tax credit, expanding her populist economic agenda. Other policies including expanding a cap on prescription drug costs and permanently reinstating the expanded child tax credit.[257]

Trump has made repealing the Affordable Care Act a key issue of the 2024 election.[22] During an interview on March 11, 2024, Trump suggested he was open to cutting entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare, which the Trump campaign later claimed was merely referring to "cutting waste" and that he would protect the programs. Trump previously suggested while president in 2020 that he would "at some point" look into cutting entitlement programs, and Trump's previous budget proposals have suggested some cuts to the programs. During the Republican primary, Trump attacked his opponents by suggesting they would cut entitlement benefits.[258] [259]

Kennedy has been a prominent anti-vaccine advocate, but according to Deseret News, he has attempted to moderate his anti-vaccine position before the election, stating that he is not against all vaccines.[260] West is running on a platform of Medicare-for-all.[261]

LGBT rights

See main article: LGBT rights in the United States and Transgender rights in the United States. In recent years, conservative politicians in state legislatures have introduced a large and growing number of bills that Democrats say restrict the rights of LGBT people, especially transgender people.[262] [263]

Harris is a strong supporter of LGBT people's rights.[264] She has denounced legislative attacks on transgender rights in states across the country.[265] [266]

Trump has promised a rollback on Democratic-supported policies surrounding transgender individuals. Trump stated he will rescind Biden's Title IX protections "on day one" for transgender students using bathrooms, locker rooms, and pronouns that align with their gender identities.[267] Trump has stated he would enact a federal law that would recognize only two genders and claimed that being transgender is a concept made up by "the radical left."[268] Trump has pledged "severe consequences" for teachers who "suggest to a child that they could be trapped in the wrong body." Trump previously withdrew Title IX provisions that allowed transgender youth to have access to the bathrooms of their choice, and he attempted to roll-back several transgender-related policies in the Affordable Care Act.[269]

Democratic Party

See main article: 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries and 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates. On April 25, 2023, President Joe Biden officially announced his bid for re-election, confirming that Vice President Kamala Harris would remain his running mate.[270] [271] Following this announcement, Republicans increased their focus on Harris, intensifying criticism against her.[272] During late 2021, amid Biden's declining approval ratings, speculation arose regarding whether he would seek re-election.[273] Public figures, including Representatives Carolyn Maloney, Tim Ryan, and former Representative Joe Cunningham, urged Biden not to run.[274] [275] [276]

Concerns about Biden's age were prominent, given that he was the oldest person to assume the office at age 78, which would make him 82 at the end of his first term and 86 at the end of a potential second term.[277] An April 2023 poll indicated that 70 percent of Americans, including 51 percent of Democrats, believed Biden should not seek a second term, with nearly half citing his age as the reason. Biden's approval rating stood at 41 percent, with 55 percent disapproving, according to the FiveThirtyEight national polling average.[278] Speculation also arose that Biden might face a primary challenge from the Democratic Party's progressive faction.[279] [280] However, after Democrats outperformed expectations in the 2022 midterm elections, many believed Biden's chances of securing the party's nomination had increased.[281]

Author Marianne Williamson was the first to challenge Biden by announcing her candidacy in February 2023.[282] In April 2023, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. also entered the race but later shifted his campaign to an independent run on October 9, 2023.[283] Representative Dean Phillips joined the race on October 26, 2023.[284] Williamson initially withdrew from the race in February 2024 but later resumed her campaign, only to end it again on June 11, 2024.[285] [286] [287]

Palmer, who surprised many by winning the American Samoa caucuses, became the first candidate to win a contested primary against an incumbent president since Ted Kennedy in 1980. However, he suspended his campaign on May 15, 2024.[288] On March 12, 2024, Biden secured a majority of delegates, becoming the presumptive Democratic nominee.[289]

Despite securing the nomination, Biden faced significant opposition from “uncommitted” voters, who collectively garnered more votes than several major contenders in the 2020 Democratic primaries and won 36 delegates.[290] Following a widely panned debate performance against Donald Trump on June 27, 2024, Biden withdrew from the race on July 21, endorsing Kamala Harris as his successor.[291] Harris quickly announced her campaign and secured enough delegate endorsements by July 22, becoming the presumptive nominee.[292]

The Democratic Party conducted a virtual roll call vote on August 2, where Harris secured the majority of delegate votes and became the official nominee on August 5.[293] She selected Tim Walz as her running mate the following day.[294] If successful, Harris would make history as the first female and first Asian American president of the United States.[295] Walz would be the first vice president to have served in the war on terror.[296]

Democratic nominees

See main article: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign.

Republican Party

See main article: 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries and 2024 Republican Party presidential candidates. Donald Trump, the then-incumbent president, was defeated by Biden in the 2020 election and is not term-limited to run again in 2024, making him the fifth ex-president to seek a second non-consecutive term. If he wins, Trump would be the second president to win a non-consecutive term, after Grover Cleveland in 1892.[297] Trump filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) on November 15, 2022, and announced his candidacy in a speech at Mar-a-Lago the same day.[298] [299] Trump was considered an early frontrunner for the Republican presidential nomination.[300] Trump had announced in March 2022 that his former vice president Mike Pence would not be his running mate.[301] In civil proceedings, Trump has been found liable for sexual abuse and defamation in 2023, defamation in 2024, and financial fraud in 2024, becoming the first former president to be convicted of a crime.

In March 2023, Trump was indicted over his hush money payments to adult film actress Stormy Daniels.[302] Trump was again indicted in June over his handling of classified documents that contained materials sensitive to national security. Trump has pleaded not guilty to all the charges related to these indictments.[303] [304]

Trump faced limited opposition in the primaries, easily defeating Nikki Haley.[305]

Florida Governor Ron DeSantis was seen as the main challenger to Trump for the Republican nomination; he raised more campaign funds in the first half of 2022 and had more favorable polling numbers than Trump by the end of 2022.[306] [307] [308] On May 24, 2023, DeSantis announced his candidacy on Twitter in an online conversation with Twitter CEO Elon Musk. "American decline is not inevitable—it is a choice...I am running for president of the United States to lead our great American comeback," DeSantis said. His campaign stated to have raised $1 million in the first hour following the announcement of his candidacy.[309] Speaking on Fox & Friends, he stated that he would "destroy leftism" in the United States.[310] At the end of July 2023, FiveThirtyEight's national polling average of the Republican primaries had Trump at 52 percent, and DeSantis at 15.[311]

Following the Iowa caucuses, in which Trump posted a landslide victory, DeSantis and businessman Vivek Ramaswamy dropped out of the race and endorsed Trump, leaving the former president and Nikki Haley, the former South Carolina governor who served in Trump's cabinet, as the only remaining major candidates.[312] [313] Trump continued to win all four early voting contests while Haley's campaign struggled to gain momentum.[314] On March 6, 2024, the day after winning only one primary out of fifteen on Super Tuesday, Haley suspended her campaign.[315]

On March 12, 2024, Trump officially became the presumptive Republican presidential nominee.[316]

On July 15, 2024, the first day of the Republican National Convention, Trump officially announced that Senator JD Vance of Ohio would be his running mate. If elected, he would be the first marine and first Iraq War veteran to serve as vice president.[317] Trump had survived an assassination attempt days earlier with a gunshot wound to the ear.[318]

On July 18, 2024, Trump accepted the nomination from the Republican National Convention to become the Republican presidential nominee. This was the third consecutive election in which he was the Republican nominee.[319]

Republican nominees

See main article: Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign.

Third-party and independent candidates

See main article: Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election. Third-party and independent candidates have also announced presidential runs, including Robert F. Kennedy Jr., and Cornel West. Centrist political organization No Labels abandoned their efforts in April 2024.[320] Some established third parties, such as the American Solidarity Party, the Prohibition Party, the Constitution Party, the Libertarian Party and the Party for Socialism and Liberation, and the Green Party have announced presidential nominees.

Notable party nominations

The following individuals have been nominated by their respective parties to run for president.

With majority ballot access

Libertarian Party

See main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and Chase Oliver 2024 presidential campaign. Chase Oliver was chosen by the Libertarian Party as its presidential nominee on May 26, 2024, at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention. Oliver was the party's candidate in the 2022 United States Senate election in Georgia.[321], the party has ballot access in at least 37 states with a total of 380 electoral votes.[322]

Green Party

See main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries and Jill Stein 2024 presidential campaign. Jill Stein announced on May 26, 2024, that her campaign had accrued enough delegates to secure the Green Party nomination and thus became the presumptive nominee.[323] [324] [325] Stein was also the party's candidate in 2012 and 2016. Stein is a physician and a former member of the Lexington Town Meeting. The 2024 Green National Convention took place on August 15–18, 2024.[326], Stein has ballot access both on Green Party and Independent ballot lines in at least 22 states with a total of 273 electoral votes.[327] On August 16, Stein selected academic Rudolph "Butch" Ware as her running mate.[328]

With partial ballot access

These parties have ballot access in some states, but not enough to get 270 votes to win the presidency, without running a write-in campaign.

Without ballot access

These parties do not have ballot access in any states.

Notable independents

The following notable individuals are running independently for president.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

See main article: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaign. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., after initially running in the Democratic primary, became an independent candidate in October 2023.[346] [347] A member of the Kennedy family, he is an environmental lawyer who promotes conspiracy theories.[348] [349] His support mostly draws from independent and anti-establishment voters disillusioned with mainstream American political parties.[350] [351] He initially polled at the highest levels for a candidate outside the two major parties since 1992, reaching an average of around 15% at one point;[352] [353] his polling later dropped to around 5%.[354] Kennedy is a son of U.S. Attorney General and Senator Robert F. Kennedy and nephew of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Senator Ted Kennedy. On March 26, 2024, Kennedy announced Nicole Shanahan, an attorney from California, as his running mate.[355]

Cornel West

See main article: Cornel West 2024 presidential campaign. Cornel West is a socialist activist and intellectual who announced a campaign as an independent after initially announcing a run as a People's Party and later a Green Party candidate. His running mate is Melina Abdullah, an academic and civic leader from California.

Other independent candidates

Withdrawn candidates

The following notable individual(s) announced and then suspended their campaigns before the election:

Timeline

See main article: Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election.

Opinion polling and forecasts

Opinion polling aggregation

See main article: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election.

See also: Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Harris, Trump, Kennedy, Stein and West

Electoral College forecasts

Elections analysts and political pundits issue probabilistic forecasts of the composition of the Electoral College. These forecasts use a variety of factors to estimate the likelihood of each candidate winning the Electoral College electors for that state. Most election predictors use the following ratings:

Below is a list of states considered by one or more forecast to be competitive; states that are deemed to be "safe" or "solid" by forecasters The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, Inside Elections, CNalysis, Decision Desk HQ, and RealClearPolitics are omitted for brevity.

Note that some of these forecasts were made before Biden withdrew from the race on July 21, 2024. FiveThirtyEight and Decision Desk HQ suspended their forecasts after President Biden dropped out of the race; Inside Election's forecast is also from before Biden's withdrawal. Their ratings in the table show hypothetical forecasts for if Biden was still in the race.

StatePVI[368] data-sort-type="number"2020
result		data-sort-type="number"2020
margin[369] 		IE
[370] 		Cook
[371] 		CNalysis
[372] 		Sabato
[373] 		CNN
[374] 		RCP
[375] 		DDHQ
[376] 		538
Economist
[377]
Alaska3 data-sort-value="52.8" 52.8% R data-sort-value="10.06" 10.06%
Arizona11 data-sort-value="-49.4" 49.4% D data-sort-value="-0.31" 0.31%
Colorado10 data-sort-value="-55.4" 55.4% D data-sort-value="-13.5" 13.50%
Florida30 data-sort-value="51.2" 51.2% R data-sort-value="3.36" 3.36%
Georgia16 data-sort-value="-49.5" 49.5% D data-sort-value="-0.24" 0.24%
Illinois20 data-sort-value="-57.5" 57.5% D data-sort-value="-16.99" 16.99%
Iowa6 data-sort-value="53.1" 53.1% R data-sort-value="8.20" 8.20%
Kansas6 data-sort-value="56.4" 56.4% R data-sort-value="14.63" 14.63%
Maine2 data-sort-value="-53.1" 53.1% D data-sort-value="-9.07" 9.07%
ME–011 data-sort-value="-60.1" 60.1% D data-sort-value="-23.09" 23.09%
ME–021 data-sort-value="52.3" 52.3% R data-sort-value="7.44" 7.44%
Michigan15 data-sort-value="-50.6" 50.6% D data-sort-value="-2.78" 2.78%
Minnesota10 data-sort-value="-52.4" 52.4% D data-sort-value="-7.11" 7.11%
Missouri10 data-sort-value="56.8" 56.8% R data-sort-value="15.39" 15.39%
Montana4 data-sort-value="56.9" 56.9% R data-sort-value="16.37" 16.37%
NE–021 data-sort-value="-52.0" 52.0% D data-sort-value="-6.50" 6.50%
Nevada6 data-sort-value="-50.1" 50.1% D data-sort-value="-2.39" 2.39%
nowrapNew Hampshire4 data-sort-value="-52.7" 52.7% D data-sort-value="-7.35" 7.35%
New Jersey14 data-sort-value="-57.3" 57.3% D data-sort-value="-15.94" 15.94%
New Mexico5 data-sort-value="-54.3" 54.3% D data-sort-value="-10.79" 10.79%
North Carolina16 data-sort-value="49.9" 49.9% R data-sort-value="1.35%" 1.35%
Ohio17 data-sort-value="53.3" 53.3% R data-sort-value="8.03" 8.03%
Oregon8 data-sort-value="-56.4" 56.4% D data-sort-value="-16.08" 16.08%
Pennsylvania19 data-sort-value="-50.0" 50.0% D data-sort-value="-1.16" 1.16%
South Carolina9 data-sort-value="55.1" 55.1% R data-sort-value="11.68" 11.68%
Texas40 data-sort-value="52.1" 52.1% R data-sort-value="5.58" 5.58%
Virginia13 data-sort-value="-54.1" 54.1% D data-sort-value="-10.11" 10.11%
Wisconsin10 data-sort-value="-49.5" 49.5% D data-sort-value="-0.63" 0.63%
Overall<--IE--> D – 226
R – 235
77 tossups 		D – 226
R – 235
77 tossups		D – 241
R – 235
62 tossups 		D – 226
R – 219
93 tossups 		D – 225
R – 219
94 tossups 		D – 208
R – 219
111 tossups 		D – 226
R – 235
77 tossups 		D – 226
R – 246
66 tossups 		D – 226
R – 251
61 tossups

Debates

See main article: 2024 United States presidential debates.

In April 2022, the Republican National Committee voted unanimously to withdraw from the Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD).[378] In May 2024, the Biden campaign proposed hosting two debates outside of the CPD timetable and refusing to participate in CPD-hosted debates. Biden and Trump agreed to debates on CNN on June 27 and ABC News on September 10.[379]

June 27: Biden vs Trump

CNN hosted the first major debate of the election on June 27, with 51 million viewers watching.[380] Media outlets characterized Biden's debate performance as a "disaster". Some pundits noted that he frequently lost his train of thought and gave meandering, confused answers.[381] [382] [383]

G. Elliott Morris and Kaleigh Rogers of ABC News' 538 argued that Biden had failed to reassure voters that he was capable of serving as president for another four years.[384] After the debate, elected officials, party strategists, and fundraisers conversed about replacing Biden as the party's candidate, including whether prominent Democrats should make a public statement asking him to step aside.[385] Biden stated that he would not be dropping out.[386] Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton reiterated their support for Biden following the debate.[387] [388] The debate performance led to Biden ultimately withdrawing his bid for re-election on July 21.

September 10: Harris vs Trump

The second presidential debate is scheduled to be held on September 10 and will be hosted by ABC News.[389] On August 2, 2024, Trump announced that he was withdrawing from the debate as he had agreed only to debate Biden, not Harris.[390] However, on August 8, 2024, ABC reported that both candidates have agreed to the debate as originally scheduled. No location details have been announced.[391] The moderators will be David Muir and Linsey Davis.[392] Trump has made his participation in the ABC debate contingent on Harris participating in other proposed debates.[393] On August 15, the Harris campaign said that a second debate in October would be contingent on Trump "actually showing up" to the September 10 debate.[394]

October 1 vice presidential debate: Vance vs Walz

On August 15, 2024, vice presidential candidates JD Vance and Tim Walz agreed a debate hosted on CBS News on October 1,[395] though Vance indicated he would only attend under certain conditions.[396]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Election Planning Calendar . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20160207003141/http://www.essex-virginia.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_62876/File/Voter%20Registration/Election%20Planning%20Calendar%20Through%202024%20%28ESSEX%29.pdf . February 7, 2016 . February 6, 2016. Essex-Virginia.org . Essex County, Virginia.
  2. Web site: Biden launches 2024 reelection campaign, promising to fulfill economic policy vision. Kinery, Emma. April 25, 2023. CNBC. April 25, 2023. April 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230425102004/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/04/25/joe-biden-announces-2024-reelection-campaign.html. live.
  3. News: Gold . Michael . Nehamas . Nicholas . March 13, 2024 . Donald Trump and Joe Biden Clinch Their Party Nominations . March 13, 2024 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . March 13, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240313034919/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/12/us/politics/trump-republican-nomination.html . live.
  4. Web site: Quinn. Melissa. Kim. Ellis. More Democrats join wave of lawmakers calling on Biden to drop out of 2024 race. CBS News. August 7, 2024. July 19, 2024. July 26, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240726234941/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/democrats-biden-drop-out-2024/. live.
  5. Web site: July 23, 2024 . The president has dropped of out the race. What's next? . July 23, 2024 . Colorado Public Radio . en . July 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240728121843/https://www.cpr.org/2024/07/23/president-biden-drops-out-of-race-whats-next/ . live .
  6. Web site: Party like it's 1968? History repeats itself, Biden decision throws Chicago DNC into uncertain future. July 21, 2024. July 24, 2024. NBC Chicago. July 23, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240723014742/https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/chicago-politics/party-like-its-1968-history-repeats-itself-biden-decision-throws-chicago-dnc-into-uncertain-future/3496610/. live.
  7. Web site: November 16, 2022. Former President Donald Trump announces a White House bid for 2024. . July 24, 2024. January 15, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230115195034/https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/15/politics/trump-2024-presidential-bid/index.html. live.
  8. Web site: Charalambous . Peter . Pereira . Ivan . May 30, 2024 . Donald Trump becomes 1st US president tried and convicted of crimes . August 9, 2024 . ABC News . en.
  9. Web site: Tim Walz is a Minnesota Nice choice. Nate. Silver. www.natesilver.net.
  10. For sources on this, see:
    • News: Edsall . Thomas B. . Thomas B. Edsall . April 12, 2023 . How The Right Came To Embrace Intrusive Government . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230412100935/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/12/opinion/republican-party-intrusive-government.html . April 12, 2023 . April 12, 2023 . The New York Times . 0362-4331 . Republicans in states across the country are defiantly pushing for the criminalization of abortion — of the procedure, of abortifacient drugs and of those who travel out of state to terminate pregnancy... According to research provided to The Times by the Kaiser Family Foundation, states that have abortion bans at various early stages of pregnancy with no exception for rape or incest include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin..
    • News: Weisman . Jonathan . April 11, 2023 . Pressured by Their Base on Abortion, Republicans Strain to Find a Way Forward . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230411092928/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/04/11/us/politics/abortion-republicans-elections.html . April 11, 2023 . April 12, 2023 . The New York Times . 0362-4331.
    • Web site: Godfrey . Elaine . May 4, 2022 . The GOP's Strange Turn Against Rape Exceptions . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220504102020/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2022/05/supreme-court-overturn-roe-v-wade-no-rape-incest-exceptions/629747/ . May 4, 2022 . April 7, 2023 . The Atlantic.
  11. Web site: McCammon . Sarah . November 8, 2023 . Abortion rights win big in 2023 elections, again . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231215090744/https://www.npr.org/2023/11/08/1211429268/abortion-rights-2023-election-ohio-virginia-kentucky . December 15, 2023 . December 16, 2023 . NPR.
  12. Web site: Here's why abortion will be such a big issue for the ballot come November. March 11, 2024. NBC. March 11, 2024. March 11, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240311222821/https://www.nbcboston.com/news/local/heres-why-abortion-will-be-such-a-big-issue-for-the-ballot-come-november/3305057/. live.
  13. Web site: 7 big issues at stake in the 2024 election. April 17, 2024. NBC. Sahil, Kapur. April 17, 2024. July 3, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240703012241/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/issues-trump-biden-2024-election-health-care-abortion-tax-immigration-rcna147637. live.
  14. Web site: Arnsdorf . Isaac . Trump brags about efforts to stymie border talks: 'Please blame it on me' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240128152344/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2024/01/27/trump-border-biden/ . January 28, 2024 . January 29, 2024 . The New York Times.
  15. Web site: Gongloff . Mark . January 30, 2024 . The 2024 election just might turn on ... climate change? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240213032748/https://www.pressherald.com/2024/01/30/opinion-the-2024-election-just-might-turn-on-climate-change/ . February 13, 2024 . February 12, 2024 . Portland Press Herald.
  16. Web site: Climate is on the Ballot Around the World . January 16, 2024 . The New York Times . Andreoni . Manuela . January 16, 2024 . January 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240116191827/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/16/climate/climate-is-on-the-ballot-around-the-world.html . live.
  17. News: Fields . Gary . Sanders . Linley . December 15, 2023 . Americans agree that the 2024 election will be pivotal for democracy, but for different reasons . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231216014504/https://apnews.com/article/democracy-2024-election-trump-biden-poll-39309519c8473175c25ab5a305e629ba . December 16, 2023 . December 16, 2023 . Associated Press.
  18. Web site: February 18, 2024 . Saving democracy is central to Biden's campaign messaging. Will it resonate with swing state voters? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240313092523/https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/saving-democracy-is-central-to-bidens-campaign-messaging-will-it-resonate-with-swing-state-voters-2/ . March 13, 2024 . March 13, 2024 . CBS News.
  19. Web site: Cook . Charlie . March 2, 2023 . Will 2024 Be About the Economy, or the Candidates? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230325201533/https://www.cookpolitical.com/analysis/national/national-politics/will-2024-be-about-economy-or-candidates . March 25, 2023 . March 25, 2023 . Cook Political Report.
  20. Web site: Manchester . Julia . January 29, 2023 . Republicans see education as winning issue in 2024 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129170545/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3833724-republicans-see-education-as-winning-issue-in-2024/ . January 29, 2023 . July 9, 2023 . The Hill.
  21. Web site: Ward . Alexander . Berg . Matt . October 20, 2023 . 2024: The foreign policy election? . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120235105/https://www.politico.com/newsletters/national-security-daily/2023/10/20/2024-the-foreign-policy-election-00122691 . November 20, 2023 . November 20, 2023 . Politico.
  22. Web site: Colvin . Jill . Miller . Zeke . November 27, 2023 . Trump says he will renew efforts to replace 'Obamacare' if he wins a second term . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231204043350/https://apnews.com/article/trump-obamacare-health-care-biden-c2b1f5776310870deed2fb997b07fc2c . December 4, 2023 . December 4, 2023 . Associated Press.
  23. Web site: Here's where the 2024 presidential candidates stand on LGBTQ+ issues . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231206183159/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/2024-presidential-candidates-stand-lgbtq-issues/story?id=103313107 . December 6, 2023 . December 6, 2023 . ABC News.
  24. News: How Democrats can pick a new candidate, step by step. Washington Post. July 21, 2024.
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  321. News: Libertarian Party chooses Chase Oliver as presidential nominee. Robertson. Nick. The Hill. May 26, 2024. May 27, 2024. May 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240527032219/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4687416-libertarian-party-chooses-chase-oliver-as-presidential-nominee/. live.
  322. News: Could RFK Jr., Libertarian Party team up? How it could be a game-changer for him. Oppenheim. Oren. May 24, 2024. May 27, 2024. ABC News. May 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240527000536/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/rfk-jr-libertarian-party-team-ballot-access-reverses/story?id=110537083. live.
  323. DrJillStein. 1794801037087551626. BREAKING: We have received enough delegates to clinch the @GreenPartyUS presidential nomination! We have swept 21 states' delegate selection conventions, bringing our total delegate count to 219. We can't continue this fight without your help! We don't take money from super PACs and rely on supporters like you. Join our movement for people, planet and peace: http://jillstein2024.com/donate. May 26, 2024. May 28, 2024.
  324. Web site: Jill Stein makes major announcement on Green Party nomination for president . Kennedy . Kaitlyn . May 26, 2024 . . May 28, 2024 . July 25, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725002840/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/jill-stein-makes-major-announcement-on-green-party-nomination-for-president/ar-BB1n5TjE . live .
  325. Web site: Astor. Maggie. November 9, 2023. Jill Stein Announces Third-Party Bid For President. The New York Times. November 9, 2023. November 9, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231109203116/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/09/us/politics/jill-stein-presidential-bid.html. live.
  326. Web site: 2024 Green Party ANM / PNC. Green Party US. April 15, 2024. May 27, 2024.
  327. Web site: Ballot Access Map – Jill Stein 2024. jillstein2024ballotaccess.com. June 7, 2024. May 27, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240527095743/https://www.jillstein2024ballotaccess.com/. live.
  328. Web site: Green Party candidate Jill Stein selects Dr. Butch Ware as running mate. NewsNationNow.com. August 16, 2024.
  329. Web site: June 3, 2023 . Peter Sonski is the American Solidarity Party 2024 Presidential nominee . Bill . Redpath . June 3, 2023 . Ballot Access News . June 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230603135219/https://ballot-access.org/2023/06/03/peter-sonski-is-the-american-solidarity-party-2024-presidential-nominee/ . live .
  330. Web site: Approval Voting Party Nominates Blake Huber for President. Ballot Access News. May 28, 2024. July 17, 2024. May 31, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240531101801/https://ballot-access.org/2024/05/28/approval-voting-nominates-blake-huber-for-president/. live.
  331. News: Winger . Richard . Randall Terry Wins Constitution Party's Presidential Nomination . April 27, 2024 . Ballot Access News . April 27, 2024 . April 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240427170926/https://ballot-access.org/2024/04/27/randall-terry-wins-constitution-partys-presidential-nomination/ . live .
  332. Jasmine Sherman 2024 nomination by the Green Party of Alaska . June 24, 2024 . June 25, 2024 . YouTube.
  333. Web site: Nevada and Utah Constitution Parties Nominate Joel Skousen for President. Ballot Access News. May 28, 2024.
  334. Web site: Prohibition Party Chooses National 2024 Ticket . Richard . Winger . Ballot Access News . May 10, 2023 . November 13, 2023 . November 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129193022/https://ballot-access.org/2023/05/10/prohibition-party-chooses-national-2024-ticket/ . live .
  335. Web site: September 11, 2023 . Party for Socialism and Liberation Announces 2024 Presidential Ticket . Jordan Willow . Evans . September 27, 2023 . Independent Political Report . September 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230913021711/https://independentpoliticalreport.com/2023/09/party-for-socialism-and-liberation-announces-2024-presidential-ticket . live .
  336. Web site: 2024 Candidate Filings. Utah Voter Information . January 14, 2024. January 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240115191754/https://vote.utah.gov/2024-candidate-filings/. live.
  337. Web site: Socialist Equality Party selects Joseph Kishore and Jerry White as its presidential and vice presidential candidates for the 2024 US election . Nick . Barrickman . . February 27, 2024 . March 16, 2024 . March 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240316205756/https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2024/02/27/qfmi-f27.html . live .
  338. News: Vote Socialist Workers Party! Rachele Fruit • Margaret Trowe for president & vice president . Vivian . Sahner . . 88 . 9 . March 4, 2024 . March 16, 2024 . March 6, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240306112613/https://themilitant.com/2024/02/24/vote-socialist-workers-party-2/ . live .
  339. News: Legal Marijuana Now Party of Minnesota Nominates Dennis Schuller for President . . Richard . Winger . July 7, 2024 .
  340. News: Evans . Jordan Willow . Pirate Party Endorses Vermin Supreme for President at National Convention . June 11, 2024 . Independent Political Report . June 11, 2024.
  341. SUPER TUESDAYS w/ Vermin Supreme ft. Jonathan Realz! . July 9, 2024 . Vermin Supreme . July 17, 2024 . YouTube.
  342. Web site: October 23, 2023 . Socialist Party USA Nominates Presidential Ticket . Ballot Access News . Bill . Redpath . November 20, 2023 . November 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120013849/https://ballot-access.org/2023/10/23/socialist-party-usa-nominates-presidential-ticket/ . live.
  343. Web site: October 23, 2023 . Socialist Party USA Announces 2024 Presidential Ticket and New Leadership. November 20, 2023 . Independent Political Report. November 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120013849/https://independentpoliticalreport.com/2023/10/socialist-party-usa-announces-2024-presidential-ticket-and-new-party-leadership/ . live .
  344. Web site: October 10, 2023 . Conversations with Tom Ross: The Transhumanist Party's 2024 Presidential Candidate.. November 21, 2023 . Scientific Inquirer . November 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120110507/https://scientificinquirer.com/2023/10/10/conversations-with-tom-ross-the-transhumanist-partys-2024-presidential-candidate/ . live .
  345. Web site: Hammons-Led Unity Party of America Selects Paul Fiorino and Matthew May as 2024 Presidential Ticket – Independent Political Report.
  346. News: Anti-vaccine activist RFK Jr. launches presidential campaign. Associated Press. May 1, 2023. April 19, 2023. April 30, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230430175102/https://apnews.com/article/kennedy-biden-president-2024-democrat-dd9d6ecf17b54f4b32e7b17778540431. live.
  347. News: Gibson. Brittany. Zhang. Andrew. October 9, 2023. RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate. Politico. October 9, 2023. October 19, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231019162350/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/09/rfk-jr-announces-he-will-run-as-an-independent-candidate-00120604. live.
  348. Multiple sources:
    • Web site: Oshin. Olafimihan. January 23, 2022. Auschwitz Memorial says RFK Jr. speech at anti-vaccine rally exploits Holocaust tragedy. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124023519/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/590995-auschwitz-memorial-says-rfk-jr-speech-at-anti-vaccine-rally-exploits. January 24, 2022. January 27, 2022. The Hill. During a speech at the rally, Kennedy, a conspiracy theorist and prominent anti-vaxxer, warned of a massive surveillance network being created with satellites in space and 5G mobile networks collecting data..
    • Web site: January 25, 2022. Cheryl Hines Blasts Husband RFK Jr. for Holocaust Remark. The Wrap. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125193828/https://www.thewrap.com/cheryl-hines-rfk-jr-husband-holocaust-comparison/. January 25, 2022. January 27, 2022. Cheryl Hines has publicly condemned a statement made by her husband Robert F. Kennedy Jr. at a rally on Sunday, in which the environmental lawyer and conspiracy theorist likened COVID regulations to the Holocaust..
    • Web site: December 18, 2021. Guests urged to be vaccinated at anti-vaxxer Robert F Kennedy Jr's party. https://web.archive.org/web/20211218183905/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/18/robert-f-kennedy-jr-cheryl-hines-party-vaccinated-guests. December 18, 2021. January 27, 2022. The Guardian. The younger Kennedy has campaigned on environmental issues but is also a leading vaccines conspiracy theorist and activist against shots including those approved to combat Covid-19, which has killed more than 805,000 in the US and more than 5.3 million worldwide..
    • Web site: Dorn . Sara . RFK Jr. Makes Unfounded Claims About Mass Shootings, Covid-19: Here Are All The Conspiracies He Promotes . June 22, 2023 . Forbes . https://archive.today/20230622172724/https://www.forbes.com/sites/saradorn/2023/06/06/rfk-jr-makes-unfounded-claims-about-mass-shootings-covid-19-here-are-all-the-conspiracies-he-promotes/?sh=6ed5ac303acc . June 22, 2023 .
    • Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s Conspiracy Theories Go Beyond Vaccines . The New York Times . July 6, 2023 . October 12, 2023 . Robert F. Kennedy Jr., an environmental lawyer, is a leading vaccine skeptic and purveyor of conspiracy theories who has leaned heavily on misinformation as he mounts his long-shot 2024 campaign for the Democratic nomination. . October 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011233651/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/06/us/politics/rfk-conspiracy-theories-fact-check.html . live .
  349. Web site: Rebecca Klar . Emily Brooks . July 20, 2023 . RFK Jr. hearing puts censorship, misinformation fights at center stage . September 1, 2023 . The Hill. July 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230720211554/https://thehill.com/policy/technology/4108865-rfk-jr-hearing-puts-censorship-misinformation-fights-at-center-stage/ . live .
  350. Web site: . November 1, 2023 . 2024 Presidential Race Stays Static In The Face Of Major Events, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; RFK Jr. Receives 22% As Independent Candidate In 3-Way Race . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231102000857/https://poll.qu.edu/poll-release?releaseid=3881 . November 2, 2023 . November 2, 2023 . Quinnipiac University Polling Institute.
  351. Web site: . November 7, 2023 . In 3-Way Race, Independent Robert Kennedy Jr. Garners 24% Across 6 Battleground States; Trump 35%, Biden 33%, Kennedy 24%; RFK Noses Ahead Among Voters Under 45 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231113232057/https://scri.siena.edu/2023/11/07/in-3-way-race-independent-robert-kennedy-jr-garners-24-across-6-battleground-states-trump-35-biden-33-kennedy-24-rfk-noses-ahead-among-voters-under-45/ . November 13, 2023 . November 12, 2023 . Siena College Research Institute.
  352. Web site: Benson . Samuel . November 2, 2023 . RFK Jr.'s big gamble . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231121045412/https://www.deseret.com/2023/11/1/23925926/robert-kennedy-jr-independent-trump-biden-family . November 21, 2023 . November 21, 2023 . . Early polls show Kennedy polling in the teens or low 20s.
  353. Web site: Enten . Harry . November 11, 2023 . How RFK Jr. could change the outcome of the 2024 election . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20231120223841/https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/11/politics/robert-kennedy-rfk-2024-election-outcome/index.html . November 20, 2023 . November 21, 2023 . CNN.
  354. Web site: Koretski. Katherine. RFK Jr.'s incredible disappearing campaign. NBC News. August 8, 2024. August 16, 2024.
  355. Web site: Trudo . Hanna . March 26, 2024 . RFK Jr. announces Nicole Shanahan as VP pick . March 27, 2024 . . March 27, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327001925/https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/4555125-rfk-jr-announces-nicole-shanahan-as-vp-pick/ . live.
  356. Web site: Indian American Scientist Shiva Ayyadurai joins 2024 US presidential race. August 2, 2023. Business Insider India. November 4, 2023. August 3, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230803005930/https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/indian-american-scientist-shiva-ayyadurai-joins-2024-us-presidential-race/articleshow/102338187.cms. live.
  357. Web site: Nikki Haley To Shiva Ayyadurai: The 4 Indian-Americans To Enter 2024 US Presidential Election Race. August 3, 2023. India.com. November 4, 2023. November 6, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231106050133/https://www.india.com/us/nikki-haley-shiva-ayyadurai-vivek-ramaswamy-hirsh-vardhan-four-indian-americans-to-enter-2024-us-presidential-election-race-6203164/. live.
  358. Web site: Lakers part-owner Johnny Buss announces presidential campaign as an independent. CBS Sports. March 14, 2024. March 16, 2024. March 16, 2024. Bengel, Chris. https://web.archive.org/web/20240316222628/https://www.cbssports.com/nba/news/lakers-part-owner-johnny-buss-announces-presidential-campaign-as-an-independent/. live.
  359. Web site: Johnny Buss, brother of Lakers owner Jeanie Buss, is running for president. Los Angeles Times. March 15, 2024. March 16, 2024. March 15, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240315194416/https://www.latimes.com/sports/lakers/story/2024-03-14/johnny-buss-running-president-of-united-states-lakers. live.
  360. Web site: Afroman hosting 2024 presidential campaign show in Lombard. Curi, Peter. May 8, 2023. June 5, 2023. wgntv.com. May 9, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230509105109/https://wgntv.com/news/northwest-suburbs/afroman-hosting-2024-presidential-campaign-show-in-lombard/. live.
  361. Web site: 14 lesser-known candidates running for president in 2024: Afroman. The Christian Post. November 14, 2023. Foley, Ryan. January 17, 2024. January 17, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240117191213/https://www.christianpost.com/news/8-lesser-known-candidates-running-for-president-in-2024.html?page=8. live.
  362. 1736834777771286790. ogafroman. Afroman. 202Fro In Full Effecc Tickets at http://ogafroman.com. January 8, 2024.
  363. Web site: May 19, 2023 . Taylor Marshall Running for President: What Does This Mean? . May 19, 2023 . Crisis Magazine . Hall, Kennedy . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519130437/https://www.crisismagazine.com/opinion/taylor-marshall-running-for-president-what-does-this-mean . live .
  364. Web site: Taylor Marshall for Prez in 2024! The Catholic candidate whose time has come.. May 19, 2023. ncronline.org. Michael Sean Winters. May 17, 2023. May 19, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230519165334/https://www.ncronline.org/opinion/ncr-voices/taylor-marshall-prez-2024-catholic-candidate-whose-time-has-come. live.
  365. Web site: Who Are the 2024 3rd-Party Candidates?. Lafrate, Anthony. August 6, 2023. November 13, 2023. catholicvote.org. November 15, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231115170811/https://catholicvote.org/who-are-the-2024-3rd-party-candidates/. live.
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  367. Dickinson . Tim . Kanye is 'Not a Candidate in 2024,' His Lawyer Says. October 20, 2023 . Rolling Stone . October 20, 2023 . October 20, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231020132130/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/kanye-presidential-run-2024-ending-1234858651/ . live .
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  372. Web site: August 18, 2024. 2024 CNalysis Pres. Forecast. CNalysis. August 18, 2024. December 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231225012926/https://projects.cnalysis.com/23-24/president. live.
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  374. Web site: August 18, 2024. Road to 270. .
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  377. News: Trump v Harris: The Economist's presidential election prediction model . . August 19, 2024.
  378. News: Republicans say they're quitting the 'biased' Commission on Presidential Debates . Eric . McDaniel. . April 14, 2022. January 24, 2024.
  379. News: Boak. Josh . Miller . Zeke. Colvin . Jill . May 15, 2024 . Biden and Trump agree to presidential debates in June on CNN and in September on ABC . May 15, 2024 . Associated Press.
  380. Web site: Gold . Hadas . June 28, 2024 . 51.27 million viewers tuned in to CNN's presidential debate with Biden and Trump. July 1, 2024 . CNN.
  381. Shephard . Alex . June 27, 2024 . Ditch Biden. That Debate Performance Was a Disaster. . July 1, 2024 . The New Republic . 0028-6583.
  382. News: June 27, 2024 . 'Babbling' and 'hoarse': Biden's debate performance sends Democrats into a panic . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628025208/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2024-election/biden-debate-performance-democrats-panic-rcna157279 . June 28, 2024 . June 28, 2024 . NBC News.
  383. News: June 27, 2024 . A 'disaster': Biden's shaky start in debate with Trump rattles Democrats . Reuters.
  384. Web site: Elliot G. . Morris . Kaleigh . Rogers . June 27, 2024 . Biden's biggest weakness – his age – on full display tonight at debate: ANALYSIS . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628035529/https://abcnews.go.com/538/bidens-biggest-weakness-age-full-display-thursday-debate-analysis/story?id=111500745 . June 28, 2024 . ABC News . Ultimately, Biden won the debate on policy but lost it on presentation, and failed to reassure voters he is up for another four years..
  385. News: Ryan . Brad . Clark . Emily . Macmillan . Jade . Thorpe . Andrew . Bevan . Matt. June 27, 2024 . Biden stumbles as Trump deflects in 'game-changing' presidential debate — as it happened . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628073808/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-28/us-presidential-debate-joe-biden-donald-trump-atlanta-cnn/104029404 . June 28, 2024 . June 28, 2024 . ABC News.
  386. Web site: July 5, 2024 . Biden dismisses age questions in interview as he tries to salvage reelection effort . July 6, 2024 . Associated Press. Long. Colleen . Kim. Seung Min.
  387. News: Cameron . Chris. June 28, 2024 . Obama Defends Biden: 'Bad Debate Nights Happen'. June 29, 2024 . The New York Times. 0362-4331.
  388. Web site: Teshome . Eden . June 28, 2024 . Hillary Clinton after debate: 'I'll be voting Biden'. June 29, 2024 . The Hill.
  389. Web site: Yilek . Caitlin . June 27, 2024 . When the next presidential debate of 2024 takes place and who will moderate it – CBS News . June 28, 2024 . CBS News.
  390. Web site: Marquez. Alexandra. Alcindor. Yamiche . Trump ditches upcoming ABC debate, proposes Fox News debate instead . NBC News . August 3, 2024 . August 6, 2024.
  391. Web site: Davis. Ebony. Gold. Hadas. Treene. Alayna. August 8, 2024 . Trump and Harris agree to debate on ABC on September 10, network says . August 9, 2024 . CNN . en.
  392. Web site: Gleason . Sarah . Linsey Davis, David Muir to moderate first Harris, Trump debate . August 10, 2024 . USA TODAY . en-US.
  393. Web site: August 8, 2024 . Harris, Trump to debate Sept. 10 on ABC, network says. August 9, 2024 . . en.
  394. Web site: Bohannon . Molly . Harris Offers 2 Debates With Trump: 'The Debate About Debates Is Over' . August 16, 2024 . Forbes . en.
  395. Web site: August 15, 2024 . Vance and Walz agree to a vice presidential debate on Oct. 1 hosted by CBS News . August 15, 2024 . Associated Press . en.
  396. Web site: Scully . Rachel . Vance says he'd like to debate Walz 'more than once' . The Hill . 16 August 2024.

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