2024 Taiwanese legislative election explained

Country:Republic of China (Taiwan)
Type:legislative
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2020 Taiwanese legislative election
Previous Year:2020
Outgoing Members:10th Legislative Yuan
Next Election:2028 Taiwanese legislative election
Next Year:2028
Elected Members:11th Legislative Yuan
Seats For Election:All 113 seats in the Legislative Yuan
Majority Seats:57
Turnout:71.28% (3.65pp)
Image1:Eric Chu Chopped 2017.png
Leader1:Eric Chu
Party1:Kuomintang
Last Election1:38 seats
Seats1:52
Seat Change1: 14
1Blank:Constituency vote
2Blank:Party vote
Leader2:Lai Ching-te
Party2:Democratic Progressive Party
Last Election2:61 seats
Seats2:51
Seat Change2: 10
Image3:柯文哲主席.jpg
Leader3:Ko Wen-je
Party3:Taiwan People's Party
Last Election3:5 seats
Seats3:8
Seat Change3: 3
President
Before Election:Yu Shyi-kun
Before Party:Democratic Progressive Party
After Election:Han Kuo-yu
After Party:Kuomintang

Legislative elections were held in the Republic of China (Taiwan) on 13 January, 2024 for the Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China concurrently with the presidential election.[1] [2] This election was the fifth to use the mixed electoral system after it was introduced to legislative elections.

The results saw the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) lose its majority in the Legislative Yuan that it had held since 2016, losing 11 seats and retaining 51, while the Kuomintang (KMT) became the largest single party with 52 seats, and the Taiwan People's Party (TPP) won eight seats. The New Power Party lost all its three seats after failing to win a constituency seat or meet the 5% threshold for at-large representation. The election marked the first time under the current electoral system (introduced in 2008) that no party held an absolute majority in the Legislative Yuan, and the first in which the largest party in the legislature won neither the most constituency votes nor the most party votes. The term of the Legislative Yuan began on 1 February 2024.

Electoral system

Members were elected by parallel voting. 73 members were elected by first-past-the-post, 6 reserved for indigenous candidates by single non-transferable vote, and 34 by party-list proportional representation.

Contesting parties and candidates

A total of 315 candidates registered for first-past-the-post seats in the 2024 legislative election.[3] Sixteen political parties submitted party lists to the Central Election Commission (CEC). A total of 178 nominees were included on party lists.[4] On 15 December 2023, the CEC announced that six first-past-the post candidates, one candidate running for a reserved indigenous seat, and one party list candidate, were ineligible.[5] The campaign period officially started on 16 December 2023.[6]

PartyGeneral seatsAboriginal seatsParty listTotal
Democratic Progressive Party69234105
Kuomintang64434102
Taiwan People's Party1013445
New Power Party20810
Taiwan Statebuilding Party2079
People First Party001010
Green Party1089
New Party11810
Taiwan Solidarity Union0066
Taiwan Renewal Party101314
Chinese Unification Promotion Party100414
Formosa Alliance1001
Labor Party2002
Independent65974
Others7212194
Total30919177505

Results

The Kuomintang won 52 seats in this election, making it the largest single party in the Legislative Yuan. The DPP, having won 51 seats, declined to the second largest party in the Legislative Yuan. The Taiwan People's Party ranked the third with 8 seats under its control. The DPP lost 11 seats in the election, which also meant the loss of the parliamentary majority that it had held since 2016. The election results also led to the removal of the New Power Party, which previously held three seats, from the Legislative Yuan after it failed to win a constituency seat or meet the 5% threshold needed to win at-large seats. Two independents, namely Chen Chao-ming and Kao Chin Su-mei, who were members of the Kuomintang caucus in the 10th Yuan, were also elected.[7]

The election was the first in Taiwanese history in which the party that received the most votes did not win the most seats, and also marked the first time since 2004 that no party held an absolute majority in the Legislative Yuan.[7] This result that TPP therefore has the "kingmaker" position, it's also meant that the TPP’s support was crucial in the selection of the President of the Legislative Yuan and the major policies.[8]

By constituency

ConstituencyResultIncumbent memberElected member
Taipei CityIDPP holdRosalia Wu
IIDPP holdHo Chih-weiWang Shih-chien
IIIKuomintang holdWang Hung-wei
IVKuomintang gain from DPPKao Chia-yuLi Yanxiu
VDPP holdFreddy LimWu Pei-yi
VIKuomintang holdVacantLo Chih-chiang
VIIKuomintang holdAlex FaiHsu Chiao-hsin
VIIIKuomintang holdLai Shyh-bao
New Taipei CityIKuomintang holdHung Mong-kai
IIDPP holdLin Shu-fen
IIIDPP holdYu TianLee Kuen-cheng
IVDPP holdWu Ping-jui
VDPP holdSu Chiao-hui
VIDPP holdChang Hung-lu
VIIKuomintang gain from DPPLo Chih-chengYeh Yuan-chih
VIIIKuomintang gain from DPPChiang Yung-changChang Chih-lun
IXKuomintang holdLin Te-fu
XDPP holdWu Chi-ming
XIKuomintang holdLo Ming-tsai
XIIKuomintang gain from DPPLai Pin-yuLiao Hsien-hsiang
Taoyuan CityIKuomintang gain from DPPCheng Yun-pengNiu Hsu-ting
IIKuomintang gain from DPPHuang Shier-chiehTu Chuan-chi
IIIKuomintang holdLu Ming-che
IVKuomintang holdWan Mei-ling
VKuomintang holdLu Yu-ling
VIKuomintang gain from IndependentChao Cheng-yuChiu Jo-hua
Taichung CityIDPP holdTsai Chi-chang
IIKuomintang gain from DPPLin Ching-yiYen Kuan-heng
IIIKuomintang holdYang Chiung-ying
IVKuomintang gain from DPPChang Liao Wan-chienSean Liao Wei-hsiang
VKuomintang gain from DPPZhuang Ching-chengHuang Chien-hao
VIKuomintang gain from DPPHuang Kuo-shuLo Ting-wei
VIIDPP holdHo Hsin-chun
VIIIKuomintang holdJohnny Chiang
Tainan CityIDPP holdLai Huei-yuen
IIDPP holdKuo Kuo-wen
IIIDPP holdChen Ting-fei
IVDPP holdLin I-chin
VDPP holdLin Jun-xian
VIDPP holdWang Ting-yu
Kaohsiung CityIDPP holdChiu Yi-ying
IIDPP holdChiu Chih-wei
IIIDPP holdLiu Shyh-fangLee Po-yi
IVDPP holdLin Tai-hua
VDPP holdLee Kun-tse
VIDPP holdChao Tien-linHuang Jie
VIIDPP holdHsu Chih-chieh
VIIIDPP holdLai Jui-lung
Hsinchu CountyIKuomintang holdLin Wei-chouHsu Hsin-ying
IIKuomintang holdLin Si-ming
Miaoli CountyIIndependent holdChen Chao-ming
IIKuomintang holdHsu Chih-jungChiu Chen-chun
Changhua CountyIDPP holdChen Hsiu-bao
IIDPP holdHuang Hsiu-fang
IIIKuomintang holdHsieh Yi-fong
IVDPP holdChen Su-yueh
Nantou CountyIKuomintang holdMa Wen-chun
IIKuomintang gain from DPPFrida TsaiYu Hao
Yunlin CountyIKuomintang gain from DPPSu Chih-fenTing Hsueh-chung
IIDPP holdLiu Chien-kuo
Chiayi CountyIDPP holdTsai Yi-yu
IIDPP holdChen Ming-wenChen Kuan-ting
Pingtung CountyIDPP holdChung Chia-pin
IIDPP gain from IndependentSu Chen-chingHsu Fu-kuei
Yilan CountyDPP holdChen Ou-poChen Jun-yu
Hualien CountyKuomintang holdFu Kun-chi
Taitung CountyKuomintang gain from IndependentLiu Chao-howHuang Chien-pin
Penghu CountyDPP holdYang Yao
Kinmen CountyKuomintang holdChen Yu-Jen
Lienchiang CountyKuomintang holdCheng Hsueh-sheng
Keelung CityKuomintang gain from DPPCai Shi-yingLin Pei-hsiang
Hsinchu CityKuomintang holdCheng Cheng-chien
Chiayi CityDPP holdWang Mei-hui
Lowland AboriginalIKuomintang holdZheng Tian-cai (Sra Kacaw)
IIDPP holdChen Ying (Asenay Daliyalrep)
IIIKuomintang holdLiao Kuo-tung (Sufin Siluko)Huang Jen (Kin Cyang)
Highland AboriginalIIndependent holdKao Chin Su-mei (Ciwas Ali)
IIDPP holdWu Li-hua (Saidhai Tahovecahe)
IIIKuomintang holdKung Wen-chi (Yosi Takun)Lu Hsien-yi (Sasuyu Ruljuwan)

By National-at-large

National-at-large legislators are apportioned by largest remainder method. Political parties will gain seats upon reaching the 5% threshold and allocated based on total votes. The quota remains as 2.9412%, each political party will be allocated a seat. The remainder will be allocated based on the largest remainder (Remainder: Democratic Progressive Party 0.7244%; Kuomintang 1.9683%; Taiwan People's Party 0.2496%).

+2024 Taiwanese legislative election national-at-large party vote share with elected national-at-large members
Counties/CitiesTotal VotersDemocratic Progressive PartyKuomintangTaiwan People's Party
Votes Votes % Votes Votes % Votes Votes %
Taipei2,090,062 511,12633.36% 334,38921.83%
New Taipei City3,402,064 846,76634.81% 556,98022.90%
Keelung312,207 67,01831.01% 48,40122.40%
Yilan County379,026 78,944 30.06% 58,45622.26%
Taoyuan City1,882,592 429,37332.14% 338,32925.32%
Hsinchu County466,558 79,31523.59% 96,73428.78%
Hsinchu City359,465 79,72130.20% 77,49629.35%
Miaoli County447,767 79,22425.32% 72,81523.27%
Taichung City2,328,896 568,83933.74% 416,86624.73%
Changhua County1,032,636 251,99434.58% 170,90323.45%
Nantou County407,149 91,94832.66% 56,93920.23%
Yunlin County560,296 119,03931.95% 77,58120.82%
Chiayi County423,199 84,20729.46% 54,45119.05%
Chiayi City217,549 50,47532.35% 33,50721.48%
Tainan City1,567,432 296,98726.83% 214,46919.38%
Kaohsiung City2,312,303 496,42330.61% 283,06217.46%
Pingtung County681,631 153,48032.78% 76,87016.42%
Taitung County178,728 25,91824.17% 18,18216.95%
Hualien County267,824 36,58021.45% 33,38319.57%
Penghu County92,642 17,47236.24% 9,39519.49%
Kinmen County126,422 3,5867.97% 9,79621.7%
Lienchiang County12,083 4827.96% 1,33021.97%
Note
  • Total votes are accurate as per Republic of China Central Election Commission
Democratic Progressive Party
KuomintangTaiwan People's Party
valign=topLin Yueh-chin
Puma Shen
Ariel Chang
Hung Sun-han
Loh Meei-ling
You Si-kun
Fan Yun
Ker Chien-ming
Shen Fa-hui
Chuang Jui-hsiung
Lin Chu-yin
Jean Kuo
Chen Pei-yu
valign=topHan Kuo-yu
Ko Chih-en
Ko Ju-chun
Weng Hsiao-ling
Chen Jing-hui
Wu Tsung-hsien
Lin Chien-chi
Chen Yeong-kang
Hsu Yu-chen
Hsieh Lung-chieh
Su Ching-chuan
Chang Chia-chun
Wang Yu-min
valign=topHuang Shan-shan
Huang Kuo-chang
Chen Gau-tzu
Wu Chun-cheng
Mạch Ngọc Trân
Lin Kuo-chen
Lin Yi-chun
Chang Chi-kai

Aftermath

At the opening of the new Legislative Yuan on 1 February 2024, Han Kuo-yu of the Kuomintang was elected as President of the Legislative Yuan following two rounds of voting in which all eight members of the TPP abstained in the second round. Han obtained the support of the KMT's 52 members in the Legislative Yuan as well as two independents[9] and defeated the DPP's You Si-kun and the TPP's Huang Shan-shan. The KMT's Johnny Chiang was also elected as deputy speaker, defeating the DPP's Tsai Chi-chang and the TPP's Chang Chi-kai.[10]

See also

References

  1. Web site: 2023-03-10 . Taiwan sets Jan 13, 2024 for presidential, legislative elections . 2023-08-08 . Taiwan News.
  2. Web site: 2024 presidential, legislative elections slated for Jan. 13: CEC . 2023-08-08 . Focus Taiwan - CNA English News . 10 March 2023 . en-US.
  3. News: 315 legislative candidates have registered . 26 November 2023 . Taipei Times . 26 November 2023.
  4. News: Lai . Yu-chen . Wang . Cheng-chung . Yeh . Su-ping . Wang . Yang-yu . Wen . Kuei-hsiang . Tsai . Meng-yu . Hsiao . Alison . ELECTION 2024/Parties weigh effect of KMT-TPP joint ticket failure on legislative elections . 26 November 2023 . Central News Agency . 25 November 2023 . Friday marked the last day of candidacy registration for both presidential and legislative elections next year. According to the Central Election Commission (CEC), a total of 315 legislative candidates have registered to compete for 73 seats in the single-member districts, while 16 political parties registered their lists, with a total of 178 nominees, for 34 at-large seats..
  5. News: Lai . Yu-chen . Liu . Kuan-ting . Yang . Evelyn . ELECTION 2024/8 ineligible to register as legislative candidates: CEC . 16 December 2023 . Central News Agency . 15 December 2023.
  6. News: Lai . Yu-chen . Ko . Lin . ELECTION 2024/Campaign for Taiwan's Jan. 13 elections to officially start Saturday . 16 December 2023 . Central News Agency . 15 December 2023. Republished as: News: Election commission officially starts campaign . 16 December 2023 . Taipei Times . 16 December 2023.
  7. News: No party gets majority in Legislature; KMT wins most seats . 13 January 2024 . Focus Taiwan . 13 January 2024.
  8. News: No party gets legislative majority; small TPP to play key role . 13 January 2024 . Focus Taiwan . 13 January 2024.
  9. News: Member of Taiwan’s pro-unification Nationalists elected speaker in a consolation prize for China . Associated Press . 1 February 2024.
  10. News: KMT wins speakership, deputy speakership in newly sworn-in Legislature . Focus Taiwan . 1 February 2024.