2024 South African general election explained

Country:South Africa
Type:parliamentary
Previous Election:2019 South African general election
Previous Year:2019
Outgoing Members:List of National Assembly members of the 27th Parliament of South Africa
Next Election:2029 South African general election
Next Year:2029
Elected Members:List of National Assembly members of the 28th Parliament of South Africa
Seats For Election:All 400 seats in the National Assembly
Election Date:29 May 2024
Leader1:Cyril Ramaphosa
Party1:African National Congress
Last Election1:57.50%, 230 seats
Seats1:159
Seat Change1: 71
Popular Vote1:6,459,683
Percentage1:40.18%
Swing1: 17.32pp
Leader2:John Steenhuisen
Party2:Democratic Alliance (South Africa)
Last Election2:20.77%, 84 seats
Seats2:87
Seat Change2: 3
Popular Vote2:3,505,735
Percentage2:21.81%
Swing2: 1.04pp
Leader3:Jacob Zuma
Party3:uMkhonto we Sizwe (political party)
Last Election3:Did not exist
Seats3:58
Seat Change3:New party
Popular Vote3:2,344,309
Percentage3:14.58%
Swing3:New party
Leader4:Julius Malema
Party4:Economic Freedom Fighters
Last Election4:10.80%, 44 seats
Seats4:39
Seat Change4: 5
Popular Vote4:1,529,961
Percentage4:9.52%
Swing4: 1.28pp
Leader5:Velenkosini Hlabisa
Party5:Inkatha Freedom Party
Last Election5:3.38%, 14 seats
Seats5:17
Seat Change5: 3
Popular Vote5:618,207
Percentage5:3.85%
Swing5: 0.47pp
Leader6:Gayton McKenzie
Party6:Patriotic Alliance
Last Election6:0.04%, 0 seats
Seats6:9
Seat Change6: 9
Popular Vote6:330,425
Percentage6:2.06%
Swing6: 2.02pp
Leader7:Pieter Groenewald
Party7:Freedom Front Plus
Last Election7:2.38%, 10 seats
Seats7:6
Seat Change7: 4
Popular Vote7:218,850
Percentage7:1.36%
Swing7: 1.02pp
Leader8:Herman Mashaba
Party8:ActionSA
Last Election8:Did not exist
Seats8:6
Seat Change8:New party
Popular Vote8:192,373
Percentage8:1.20%
Swing8:New party
Leader9:Kenneth Meshoe
Party9:African Christian Democratic Party
Last Election9:0.84%, 4 seats
Seats9:3
Seat Change9: 1
Popular Vote9:96,575
Percentage9:0.60%
Swing9: 0.24pp
Cabinet
Before Election:Ramaphosa II
Before Party:ANC-Good
Posttitle:Cabinet after election
After Election:Ramaphosa III
After Party:Government of National Unity
Majority Seats:201
Registered:27,782,081
Turnout:58.64% (7.41pp)
Map Size:400px

General elections were held in South Africa on 29 May 2024 to elect a new National Assembly as well as the provincial legislature in each of the nine provinces.[1] [2] This was the 7th general election held under the conditions of universal adult suffrage since the end of the apartheid era in 1994. The new National Council of Provinces (NCOP) will be elected at the first sitting of each provincial legislature.

Support for the ruling African National Congress (ANC) significantly declined in this election; the ANC remained the largest party but lost the parliamentary majority that it had held since the inaugural post-apartheid election in 1994. The centrist Democratic Alliance (DA) remained in second place with a slight increase. uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), a left-wing populist party founded 6 months prior to the election and led by former president Jacob Zuma, came in third place.[3]

On 14 June 2024, the ANC, the DA, the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) and the Patriotic Alliance (PA), agreed to form a national unity government, with Cyril Ramaphosa being re-elected President of South Africa.[4] [5]

Background

The election date of 29 May 2024 was declared by the incumbent president Cyril Ramaphosa on 20 February.[6] [7]

Going into the election, polls showed that support for the ANC was declining significantly, leading to expectations of a hung parliament.[8] In the 2021 South African municipal elections, the African National Congress received less than 50% of the total vote for the first time since the end of apartheid,[9] also losing support in the key metros of Tshwane (Pretoria), Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni, and eThekwini (Durban). The ANC retained control of eThekwini while the Democratic Alliance managed to take control of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni through a majority coalition and a minority coalition respectively, in addition to forming a majority coalition government in Tshwane, which it had governed since 2016.[10]

In early 2023, the ANC and Economic Freedom Fighters formed a coalition in Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni where the two parties held MMC positions whilst electing a mayor from a minority party.[11] In April 2023, noting the prospects of an ANC/EFF national coalition, the DA leader John Steenhuisen called for "like-minded" parties to join to prevent a "doomsday coalition".[12]

uMkhonto we Sizwe

On 16 December 2023, former president Jacob Zuma announced his departure from the ANC, accusing the party and incumbent president Cyril Ramaphosa of serving as a "proxy for white monopoly capital." He was also noted as calling the ANC "sellouts" and "apartheid collaborators" He also announced establishment of his own political party, uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), named after the apartheid-era military wing of the ANC.[13] The latter filed a lawsuit against the MK's registration in the Electoral Commission of South Africa, which was dismissed by the Electoral Court of South Africa on 26 March 2024 due to lack of merit. The ANC also plans to file a lawsuit against the party's naming after the historic MK.[14] According to opinion polling, it was suggested that MK could become the kingmakers after the elections.[15]

On 28 March 2024, the Electoral Commission barred Zuma from standing in the election, citing a previous criminal conviction.[16] MK appealed the ruling,[17] with Zuma's lawyers arguing that the conviction was of a civil nature, and the decision was overturned by the Electoral Court on 9 April,[18] permitting Zuma to stand.[19] On 12 April, the Electoral Commission announced that it would approach the Constitutional Court for clarity on section 47(1)(e) of the constitution, the provision used to uphold the initial objection against Zuma.[20] On 30 April, police launched an investigation into whether the MK had forged signatures in order to be able to register for the election.[21] On 20 May, Zuma was ruled ineligible to stand for the election by the Constitutional Court, citing his criminal conviction.[22] He was still allowed to campaign for MK[23] and his name was retained on the ballot as party leader.[24]

Multi-Party Charter

A pre-election agreement called the Multi-Party Charter was signed between the Democratic Alliance (DA), Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus), ActionSA and three other parties with the aim of presenting a united front against the three-decade rule of the African National Congress (ANC) party and the rise of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) and the Patriotic Alliance (PA).[25] [26] [27] The Spectrum National Party, Ekhethu People's Party and Unemployed National Party[28] joined the MPC but failed to meet the Independent Electoral Commission's minimum number of signatures required to contest seats in the National Assembly.[29] On 7 October 2023, the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) joined the charter. Going into the election, the MPC members represented 112 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly.[30] During the 2024 election, the parties in the charter collectively won 119 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly, increasing the number of seats by seven. On 6 June 2024, ActionSA announced that they would leave the Multi-Party Charter. This decision reduced the charter's seat count from 119 to 113 in the 400-seat National Assembly.[31] [32]

Voter turnout

Voter turnout has been decreasing since the end of apartheid, when 86% of eligible voters turned out.[33] For this election, 27 million people were eligible to vote. Fifty-five percent of them were women, while voter registration was highest among those aged between 30 and 39 years old.[34] Only 58% of the country's registered voters voted in the election.

Electoral system

South Africa has a parliamentary system of government. The president of South Africa is unusual among heads of state of countries with a parliamentary system in that the head of government, who holds executive powers, is titled president and also plays the ceremonial role of head of state.

In June 2020, the Constitutional Court ruled in New Nation Movement NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa that the Electoral Act was unconstitutional to the extent that it did not allow independents to contest national and provincial elections.[35] Since the first elections held under universal suffrage, 400 members elected were elected to the National Assembly by a system of proportional representation with a closed list approach. Two hundred members were elected from national party lists, while the other 200 were elected from provincial party lists in each of the nine provinces. The national list seats were awarded by subtracting seats won at the provincial level from each party's national allocation to generate a maximally proportional result. The Droop quota variant of the largest remainder method was used to allocate seats at both the national and provincial levels.[36] Provincial legislatures were also elected by a system of proportional representation with closed party lists.

In February 2021, home affairs minister Aaron Motsoaledi appointed a ministerial advisory committee led by Valli Moosa to recommend a new electoral system.[37] While the committee was divided, a slim majority of members favoured a hybrid mixed-member proportional system, with half of the seats elected in constituencies and the other half elected through party lists.[38]

Regional ballot

The regional ballot is one of the two ballots used in South Africa's national elections, alongside the national ballot. Voters were also presented with a third ballot, a single ballot used for the election of members of the nine provincial legislatures, held on the same day. The regional ballot is used to elect representatives to the National Assembly from each of the country's nine provinces. The regional ballot is proportional, meaning that seats are allocated to parties and independent candidates based on the number of votes received.[39]

National Assembly regional seats:[40]

!Region!Seats
Eastern Cape25
Free State10
Gauteng47
KwaZulu-Natal41
Limpopo20
Mpumalanga15
North West13
Northern Cape5
Western Cape24
Total200

Election of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures

On 17 April 2023, president Cyril Ramaphosa signed the South African Electoral Amendment Bill into law allowing independent candidates to stand for election to the National Assembly and provincial legislatures while keeping proportional representation with closed lists. Two hundred members will be elected from national party lists, while the remaining 200 seats will be contested by political parties and independent candidates in each of the nine provinces. In provincial legislatures, the single-tier multimember proportional system will continue to apply, with political parties and independent candidates contesting for seats. Voters will receive three ballot papers as opposed to two in previous elections; the first ballot will be to elect the 200 members of the National Assembly only contested by political parties; the second ballot will be to elect the remaining 200 members of the National Assembly, which will be contested by political parties and independent candidates in each of the nine provinces; and the third ballot will be to elect members of the provincial legislatures with political parties and independent candidates as well.[41]

Election of the president and premiers

Following the election, the president of South Africa was elected by the National Assembly. Although the president is required to be a member of the National Assembly at the time of election, a person who is elected as president must resign their seat in order to assume office.[42] The premiers of each province will also be elected by the respective provincial legislatures after the election.

NCOP elections

The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) comprises 90 members, ten of whom are elected by each of the provincial legislatures in proportion to the composition of the legislature. The NCOP members will be sworn in the day after the first sitting of the National Assembly.

Parties and candidates

See main article: Party lists for the 2024 South African election. The election saw 70 political parties register, the highest number for a general election in South Africa. It is also the first general election to allow independent candidates to run for the National Assembly.[43]

Preliminary candidate lists

On 26 March 2024, the Independent Electoral Commission published the preliminary candidate lists, listing the following fifty-two parties as having national candidates (as opposed to regional or provincial candidates):[44]

  1. Hope4SA
, Abantu Batho Congress, Able Leadership, Action Alliance Development Party, ActionSA, Africa Africans Reclaim, African Christian Democratic Party, African Congress for Transformation, African Content Movement, African Heart Congress, African Independent Congress, African Movement Congress, African National Congress, African People's Convention, African People's Movement, African Transformation Movement, Al Jama-ah, All Citizens Party, Alliance of Citizens for Change, Allied Movement for Change (AM4C), Azanian People's Organisation, Build One South Africa with Mmusi Maimane, Citizens, Congress of the People, Conservatives in Action, Democratic Alliance, Democratic Liberal Congress, Economic Freedom Fighters, Economic Liberators Forum South Africa, Forum 4 Service Delivery, Free Democrats, Good, Independent South African National Civic Organisation, Inkatha Freedom Party, National Coloured Congress, National Freedom Party, Northern Cape Communities Movement, Organic Humanity Movement, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Patriotic Alliance, People's Movement for Change, Referendum Party, Rise Mzansi, Sizwe Ummah Nation, South African Rainbow Alliance, South African Royal Kingdoms Organization, uMkhonto weSizwe, United Africans Transformation, United Democratic Movement, United Independent Movement, Vryheidsfront Plus, and Xiluva.

Final candidate lists and independent candidates

On 10 April 2024, the Independent Electoral Commission published the final candidate lists, again listing fifty-two parties as having national compensatory candidates (as opposed to national regional and provincial). The Independent South African National Civic Organisation no longer appeared on the list, whereas the Africa Restoration Alliance was added.[45] Six independent candidates appeared on the national regional lists, namely Zackie Achmat, Louis Liebenberg, Anele Mda, Lovemore N'dou, Ntakadzeni Phathela, and Lehlohonolo Ramoba.[46]

Campaign issues

Healthcare

On 15 May 2024, two weeks before the election, president Ramaphosa signed the National Health Insurance (NHI) Act into law, establishing a National Health Insurance state fund to provide more South Africans access to private healthcare.[47] The goal of the bill is to eventually phase out the use of private healthcare, replacing it with the NHI as the sole purchaser and provider of health insurance. The DA is staunchly opposed to the bill on the premise that it could lead to large tax increases and corruption by ANC "cadre deployment," and have promised to challenge it in court.[48] [49]

The bill has been controversial because it would limit the ability for people to take out private health insurance to cover medical costs. Additionally, the government has not released official statistics regarding how much the NHI program would cost, raising concerns it could exacerbate South Africa's ongoing troubles providing public services such as electricity and water.[50] [48] [49]

Illegal immigration

The South African public has blamed many socioeconomic problems on illegal immigration.[51] Several parties such as ActionSA, IFP, ATM and PA,[52] call for tighter border controls in response to the perceived strain caused by undocumented migrants on public services and resources.[53] [54] [55] This is a widely popular stance, with the country having historically struggled with xenophobic vigilante violence (e.g. Operation Dudula).[56]

Corruption

See main article: Corruption in South Africa and The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture. The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, known colloquially as the Zondo Commission, completed its work and submitted its final report to the president in June 2022.[57] The Commission cost the South African taxpayer "almost R1 billion".[58] Investigator Paul Holden of Shadow World Investigations read into evidence that state capture cost the South African economy at least R49 billion.[59]

In their 2024 election manifesto, the African National Congress claims that, as per the Zondo Commission's recommendations, "laws, institutions and practices are being put in place to reduce the potential for corruption of any sort and on any scale".[60] The Democratic Alliance puts the blame for corruption and state capture squarely on the shoulders of the ANC, saying that it will "establish a genuinely independent anti-crime and anti-corruption unit by dissolving the Hawks and establishing a new Chapter 9 institution, an Anti-Corruption Commission, which will only be accountable to the Parliament of South Africa."[61] The Economic Freedom Fighters proposes to amend the Constitution to "make the National Prosecuting Authority a Chapter 9 institution accountable to Parliament".[62]

The ANC was also criticized for provisionally including four ministers (Zizi Kodwa, Malusi Gigaba, David Mahlobo, and Gwede Mantashe) who were implicated in a corruption investigation into the administration of former president Jacob Zuma on 11 March, pending the final results of an intraparty review. Fourteen other officials were either disqualified or not listed as candidates by the ANC over the same issue.[63]

Land reform

See main article: Land reform in South Africa. The ANC's proposed amendment of section 25 of the constitution of South Africa which failed in the Parliament of South Africa, by a vote of 204 MPs in favour, 145 MPs against and 0 abstentions.[64] The bill required a two-thirds majority. The constitutionality of the amendment was also questioned by civil society organisations as it attempted to implement land expropriation without compensation.[65] [66] The ANC maintains that expropriation without compensation is necessary, as does the EFF.[67] The DA, the Freedom Front Plus, the ACDP and the IFP remain opposed to the ANC's renewed attempt at expropriation through the Expropriation Amendment Bill.[68] [69]

Moves towards expropriation without compensation are largely framed as solutions to racial injustice.[70] Reports from the South African government indicate that whites own 72% of total farms of agricultural holdings,[71] while black South Africans are generally only responsible for between 5 and 10% of the country's agricultural output.[72]

The ANC sees the current policy as a continuation of Nelson Mandela's promise to return 30% of the land to black South Africans. Currently, the ANC hopes to accomplish the goal by 2030.[73] In their election manifesto, the ANC claims that they will "accelerate land reform and redistribution to reduce asset inequality and protect security of tenure, improve food security and agricultural production, promote rural and urban development and enable greater access to housing."[74]

The EFF shares a similar stance to that of the ANC. In their manifesto, the EFF outlines seven pillars on which they are basing their policies. The first is explicitly in favor of expropriation, reading "expropriation of South Africa's land without compensation for equal redistribution in use."[75] On the issue of expropriation, the EFF and ANC are mostly unified. Julius Malema, leader of the EFF, asserted that "when we say economic freedom, we mean Black people own productive farms."[76]

The DA opposes the policy of expropriation without compensation and sees attempts at expropriation as violating section 25 of the Constitution. Section 25 states that land may only be expropriated with compensation if the expropriation is in the public interest.[77] The party has called attempts to pass expropriation legislation "ruinous," an "assault on our constitutional values," and "archaic."[78]

Energy crisis

See main article: South African energy crisis. Rolling blackouts, or "loadshedding", caused by problems with the state utility Eskom have been occurring since 2007, however the prevalence of blackouts has increased substantially since 2020.[79] There is general dissatisfaction with the ANC's handling of the blackouts, with a 2023 survey finding that 24% of voters who had previously supported the ANC were planning to switch to other parties if the issue was not resolved.[80]

The parties have taken varying stances on the issue. The ANC has pledged to create 12.5 million new jobs, a large portion of which will be devoted to a clean energy transition and modernisation of the nation's electrical system. The ANC has also linked the blackouts and energy crisis to environmental justice and climate change, claiming that its energy transition platform is also part of a larger transition to a cleaner economy.[81] According to the ANC's election manifesto, the party pledges to "cultivate partnerships to expand domestic industries with significant potential to create sustainable jobs... such as energy." Additionally, the party views a clean energy transition as essential in solving the energy crisis. Part of this transition is moving away from the coal-based electrical grid that is currently facing loadshedding.[82] That being said, the ANC has shown historical resistance to transitioning to new energy sources (i.e. renewables).[83]

The DA largely blames the ANC for the energy crisis, saying that the state uses an "outdated" model of control and regulation. The DA intends to reduce government control over the energy sector if it is able to form a government. Using the Western Cape as a case study, the DA says it has a successful platform for energy solutions. They argue that recent contracts to build new solar plants in the area are indicative of this.[84] Much of their energy platform has to do with deregulation and reducing taxes on private entities.[85]

The EFF takes a Marxist and black nationalist approach to the issue. The party calls for the end of the privatization of Eskom, while calling for the involvement of the private sector in new electricity generation as part of efforts to shift control to the "majority of black people."

Crime

See main article: Crime in South Africa. According to the South African Police Service Crime Statistics for Quarter 2 of the 2023–24 financial year, reported contact crimes (defined by SAPS as "crimes against the person") has increased by 3 391 (2.1%) compared to the previous year.[86] Recorded attempted murder illustrated the highest increase year-on-year, with 12.3%. Total contact crimes reported for the quarter are 165,909. The murder rate correlates to 77 people murdered per day, while 160 cases of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm are reported over the same period.[87] Prior to the election, political violence was reportedly on the rise, especially in KwaZulu-Natal.[88]

Action Society notes that "if the current murder trend continues, at least 31,000 people will be killed in the next 12 months...the [South African Government] has lost control..."[89]

Housing

See main article: Land reform in South Africa. The lack of adequate housing has been a major issue.[90] According to a report from Parliament, dated May 2022, the human settlements sector had a total of 3.4 million housing units built since 1994. The respective provinces and municipalities delivered a separate 1.3 million "serviced sites".[91] A parliamentary question to the Minister of Human Settlements revealed there were 2,456,773 households registered on the National Housing Needs Register as of February 2023.[92] In the City of Cape Town, there were 375,150 on the municipalities' Housing Needs Register.[93]

In answer to a Parliamentary question to the Minister of Human Settlements on 24 March 2024, she stated that her department had built 245,587 houses in the five years between January 2019 and January 2024.[94]

Cadre deployment

The ANC has practised a policy of employing people who are loyal to the ANC to positions within institutions of government. The Zondo Commission has found that cadre deployment played a significant part in corruption and went as far as to say that it is "illegal and unconstitutional".[95]

On 12 February 2024, the Constitutional Court ruled that the ANC had five days to hand over their cadre deployment records to the Democratic Alliance dating back to 1 January 2013.[96] Documents released by the DA so far contain a sworn affidavit from Thapelo Masilela, a Strategic Support Manager in the Office of the ANC Deputy Secretary General's Office which states that a laptop containing information in relation to the Deployment Committee had "crashed and...data which was stored on that hard drive had been lost".[97] DA Leader John Steenhuisen responded in a press briefing on 23 February 2024 saying "the missing laptops, the missing minutes, President Cyril Ramaphosa WhatsApp's from his own personal devices are simply incongruent with the way in which the modern world works",[98] showing that the party does not believe that the ANC has entirely complied with the order of the Constitutional Court.

Foreign policy

Cyril Ramaphosa said that South Africa v. Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) may lead to foreign interference in the general election.[99] [100]

The African Growth & Opportunity Act

See main article: African Growth and Opportunity Act. South Africa's links to Russia and China, through military co-operation[101] and potential co-operation with Iran[102] has placed the country in danger of losing its preferential access to the U.S. market through the African Growth and Opportunity Act, with multiple members of the U.S. Congress raising concern with South Africa's alleged threats to U.S. interests.[103] In response, the Leader of the Opposition, John Steenhuisen led a delegation arguing that "the ANC is not South Africa" in an effort to lessen the risk of a possible removal from AGOA. Later, the Western Cape Premier, Alan Winde and a provincial delegation also made a trip to the United States to detail the possible impact that a loss would have on the agricultural industry in the province.[104] The Leader of the Opposition in the Western Cape Provincial Parliament, Cameron Dugmore (ANC) accused the provincial government of wasting public funds, saying "this trip was about the DA's desperation to secure support for the 2024 elections by creating a certain narrative about this matter".[105]

Cape independence

See main article: Cape independence. The Freedom Front Plus and the Referendum Party contested the election with Cape independence as part of their platform. The Referendum Party was formed in November 2023 as a single-issue political party aiming to pressure the Western Cape Democratic Alliance government into holding a referendum on Western Cape independence as part of any potential coalition agreement.[106] The Cape Independence Party, which had contested in 2009 and 2019, did not make it on to the national ballot or the Western Cape provincial ballot, while the Referendum Party made it on to all three.[107] [108] [109]

Highly contested provinces

Gauteng

Gauteng is the most populated province and is the de facto economic hub of South Africa. In 2019 the ANC had barely retained the province, getting 50.19% of the vote. The DA hoped to win Gauteng with Solly Msimanga as their premier candidate.[110] Funzi Ngobeni is ActionSA's premier candidate,[111] while the ANC's candidate is current premier, Panyaza Lesufi.

The ANC lost its majority in Gauteng, claiming under 35% of the vote, followed by the DA with just over 28%.

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal is the second most populated province and is home to the busiest port in southern Africa. Recent polling has the new MK Party leading in the province, having grown substantially at the expense of ANC support. Christopher Pappas is the premier candidate for the DA, while Thami Ntuli was the IFP's candidate.[112] [113] The ANC's premier candidate is Sbongiseni Duma. MK took 45.9% of the vote, leaving the ANC with only 17.6%, the DA not far behind.

Western Cape

As of April 2024, the Western Cape was the only province not to be controlled by the ANC. The DA, which has controlled the province since 2009, looked to retain the province with Premier Alan Winde as their premier candidate.[114]

The DA retained control of the Western Cape with a 53% majority.

Incidents

DA campaign video

In May 2024, the DA released a campaign video attacking the ANC and showing a South African flag on fire, saying that the same fate would befall the country should the ANC remain in power. The flag appears restored in the final seven seconds of the advert. DA leader John Steenhuisen described the video as "the most successful political advertisement in our democratic history," saying that it was seen by at least four million people online and heard by "millions more" in other media. President and ANC leader Cyril Ramaphosa called the ad "despicable" and "treasonous", while the public broadcaster SABC announced that it would not air the video, saying that it would only fuel "outrage", and called on the DA to amend the advert.[115] [116] Several analysts and organisations have noted that, although in "poor taste", the burning of the flag is protected under Section 16 of the Constitution as a freedom of expression.[117]

The Complaints and Compliance Committee of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa ruled on 24 May that the SABC be directed to desist from not airing the advert and pay a R500,000 fine within seven days.[118]

National Health Insurance

President Cyril Ramaphosa announced on 13 May that he would sign the controversial National Health Insurance Bill into law on 15 May.[119] Civil society organisations, including the South African Medical Association, Business Unity South Africa, Business Leadership South Africa, Solidariteit, the SA Institute of Race Relations and the South African Health Professionals Collaboration have expressed dissatisfaction at this announcement, some hinting at possible legal challenges to the legislation following the president's assent.[120] [121] [122] [123] The DA announced that it had briefed its legal team to file court papers at the Constitutional Court on the matter.[124] ActionSA expressed its disappointment on the president's announcement, having previously urged the President not to sign the Bill.[125]

Jacob Zuma

Former President Jacob Zuma founded the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) in December 2023, intending to contest the election.[126] On 20 May 2024, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that Zuma is ineligible to run in the parliamentary election due to his 2021 jail sentence.[127]

Presidential Address to the Nation

On 26 May, the Presidency announced that Cyril Ramaphosa would address the nation at 6pm.[128] In his address, broadcast by the SABC, he listed the achievements of his government. The address was criticised by opposition parties as an abuse of government resources for electioneering in favour of the ruling party.[129]

Opinion polls

Polling OrganisationFieldwork DateSample
Size		ANCDAMKEFFIFPVF+ACDPActionSAOthersDon't
Know		Lead
data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;" data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"data-sort-type="number" style="background:;"
2024 general election40.2%21.8%14.6%9.5%3.9%1.4%0.6%1.2%6.8%18.4
AtlasIntel25–28 May 20242,30838.5%20.3%14.7%12.0%2.5%3.2%0.8%2.6%5.4%18.2
Social Research Foundation27 May 20241,83542.2%21.6%12.4%10.8%3.2%9.8%20.6
Social Research Foundation23 May 20241,83542.2%24.4%13.2%9.3%2.8%8.1%17.8
AFROBAROMETER22 May 20241,80036%18%13%11%22%18
Social Research Foundation1,83543.5%24.2%7.1%9.4%5.2%10.6%19.3
Social Research Foundation1,83543.1%24.8%11.8%7.8%3.8%8.7%18.3
ENCA/MarkdataMay 2024TBA43.4%18.6%14.1%11.4%3.1%1.3%0.61.4%6.1%24.8
Social Research Foundation1,83544.0%25.0%9.3%9.4%4.2%8.1%19
Social Research Foundation1,83540.7%26.0%13.5%7.0%5.6%7.2%14.7
Social Research Foundation1,83536.5%31.2%11.3%7.1%2.4%11.5%5.3
IPSOS9 March – 15 April 20242,54540.2%21.9%8.4%11.5%4.4%1.8%3.4%8.4%18.3
Social Research FoundationApril 20241,83537%25%13%11%5%2%2%2%3%12
Brenthurst Foundation/SABI12–28 February 20241,50639%27%13%10%2%2%5%12
ENCA/Markdata19 January – 14 February 20243,02241.4%20%10.9%15.5%4.3%0.6%0.5%1.4%5.4%21.4
December 2023uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) splits from the ANC.
IPSOS23 October – 1 December 20233,60040.5%20.5%19.6%4.9%2.1%1%4.3%7.120
IRROctober 202360446.5%26.1%11.6%9.4%20.4
Social Research FoundationOctober 20231,41245%31%9%6%9%14
7 October 2023The ACDP joins the Multi-Party Charter. The charter now holds 112 out of the 400-seat National Assembly.
Brenthurst Foundation/SABI – 3 October 20231,50041%23%17%7%2%3%4%3%18
The Multi-Party Charter is signed between the DA, IFP, VF+, ActionSA and 3 other parties holding 108 of 400 National Assembly seats.
IPSOS & Inclusive Society Institute [130] – 20 July 20233,60043%20%18%5%2%1%4%7%23
Social Research Foundation1,51745.9%23.3%8.4%6.1%2.2%0.9%3.1%10.1%22.6
IPSOS & Inclusive Society Institute [131] – December 2022< 3,60049.9%13.6%12.7%4.4%4.1%15.2%36.3
IPSOS – 28 November 20223,51345%16%13%4%22%29
Brenthurst Foundation – 10 November 20221,00047.6%24%10.7%4%12.2%23.6
Rivonia Circle – October 20222,00041%18%15%6%7%13%23
Social Research Foundation3,20452%25%11%5%7%27
50%25%12%6%7%25
Inclusive Society Institute – 3 July 20223,45950.76%18.14%13.12%3.47%5.22%1.16%3.49%4.65%32.62
IPSOS42%11%9%2%2%1%3%4%26%31
2021 municipal electionsN/A47.52%19.84%10.54%6.27%2.32%0.71%1.82%6.76%27.68
IPSOSN/A43.4%24.2%14.8%1.9%1.6%0.9%3.7%9.5%31%19.2
IPSOSJuly – September 20203,75850%16%13%2%1%2%16%34
IPSOS – 8 November 20193,60055%13%8%2%1%1%3%18%42
2019 general election57.5%20.8%10.8%3.4%2.4%0.8%10.1%36.7

Conduct

Early voting for overseas citizens was held in South African diplomatic missions on 17 and 18 May.[132] Early voting for domestic voters was held on 27 May, covering 1.6 million people including essential workers and about 624,000 people unable to leave their homes.[133] On election day, polling in more than 23,000 precincts[134] opened at 07:00 and closed at 21:00.[135] Three thousand SANDF soldiers were deployed to ensure security during the election, while the Independent Electoral Commission said two people were arrested for interfering with voting operations.[136] Julius Malema voted in Limpopo after queuing for three hours.[137] Counting was delayed in several precincts due to last-minute queues of voters,[138] with the last ballots being cast at around 03:00 on 30 May as electoral law allows those still lining up to vote at regular closing time to participate.[139]

The African Union sent a mission led by former Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta to monitor the election.[140] The voting was described as free and fair by the IEC and independent observers.[141]

Results

See main article: article and Results of the 2024 South African general election. The election resulted in a historic defeat for the ANC, which having received only 40% of the vote, lost the parliamentary majority that it held since 1994.[142] [143] It also failed to secure a majority in Northern Cape and Gauteng, and was outpolled in KwaZulu-Natal by the MK. In overseas voting, the DA won 75.23% of the 39,084 votes cast and retained its majority in the Western Cape.[144] The ANC retained reduced majorities in Eastern Cape, Free State, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West and retained largest opposition status in Western Cape, while the DA retained its largest opposition status in the National Assembly. No overall majority was achieved in the National Assembly, nor in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng or Northern Cape, with the MK achieving a plurality in KwaZulu-Natal and the ANC being forced into second-largest party status in KwaZulu-Natal for the first time since it first won the province in 2004.[145] Most of the ANC's loss of support flowed into the MK, while the DA saw some gains, and the EFF lost some support.[146]

National Assembly

Vote strength by municipalities and provinces (bottom right)

National Council of Provinces

Following the results of the general election, the new provincial legislatures met on 13 and 14 June 2024 to elect NCOP delegations. The first sitting of the NCOP took place on 15 June 2024. The delegations elected are described in the following table.

PartyDelegate typeProvinceTotal
ECFSGKZNLMNWNCWC
bgcolor= rowspan=2align=left rowspan=2African National CongressPermanent3321434312443
Special32214222119
bgcolor= rowspan=2align=left rowspan=2Democratic AlliancePermanent1121111131220
Special1111138
Economic Freedom FightersPermanent11111111810
Special112
bgcolor= rowspan=2align=left rowspan=2UMkhonto WeSizwePermanent 13159
Special 1214
Freedom Front PlusPermanent1122
Inkatha Freedom PartyPermanent112
Special11
Patriotic AlliancePermanent 112
Special 11
United Democratic MovementPermanent 111
ActionSASpecial111
Total10101010101010101090

Provincial legislatures

See main article: article and 2024 South African provincial elections.

The ANC won seven provinces out of nine, securing majorities in five of them except for the Northern Cape[147] and Gauteng,[148] where it earned pluralities. It performed best in Limpopo, the country's northernmost province, winning slightly less than three quarters of the vote.[149] The DA held on to the Western Cape, continuing its 15-year-rule over the province.[150] Finally, the new MK party flipped KwaZulu Natal from the ANC, earning 37 out of 80 seats to gain a plurality. Conversely, the ANC itself plummeted to the third place despite never losing the province since the end of apartheid.[151]

Eastern Cape

See also: Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature.

Free State

See also: Free State Provincial Legislature.

Gauteng

See main article: 2024 Gauteng provincial election.

Kwazulu-Natal

See main article: 2024 KwaZulu-Natal provincial election.

Limpopo

See also: Limpopo Provincial Legislature.

Mpumalanga

See also: Mpumalanga Provincial Legislature.

Northern Cape

See main article: 2024 Northern Cape provincial election.

North West

See also: North West Provincial Legislature.

Western Cape

See main article: 2024 Western Cape provincial election.

National Council of Provinces

Results for the National Council of Provinces will be available once they are elected at the first sitting of each provincial legislature.

Aftermath

See main article: 2024 South African government formation, Third Cabinet of Cyril Ramaphosa, 28th South African Parliament and 2024 South African presidential election.

While counting was ongoing, the ANC said that its leadership would meet on 31 May to "reflect on what is good for the country." The DA's John Steenhuisen said that the results showed that South Africa was "heading into coalition country" and expressed a willingness to work alongside the ANC, adding that he would have to first consult with other signatories of the Multi-Party Charter.[152] The DA also said that a government composed of the ANC, the MK, and the EFF would be a "doomsday coalition" pursuing previous policy failures in the country. The EFF's Julius Malema said that the election results marked the end of the ANC's "entitlement of being the sole dominant party", adding that he was open to talks with the ANC on forming a coalition government. The Patriotic Alliance's Gayton McKenzie compared prospects of an ANC-DA coalition to "a marriage of two drunk people in Las Vegas" that would prove "unworkable".[153]

Gwede Mantashe, the ANC's national chair, said that the party had started to conduct informal talks with other parties for a possible coalition.[154] On 2 June, ANC secretary-general Fikile Mbalula announced the official opening of negotiations, adding that the party had heard the popular will and was "humbled" by the election result. Mbalula also said that the ANC would reject conditions by other parties for Cyril Ramaphosa to step down as president.[155] In his first statement following the election later that day, Ramaphosa called on political parties to overcome their differences and find "common ground" in creating a coalition government.[156] Separate coalition talks were expected to occur regarding the provincial governments of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Northern Cape.[157] [158] [159]

On 4 June, the ANC released an internal document which advised for a coalition with both the DA and IFP. The document also stated that the ANC "should not consider" an alliance with either the EFF or the MK.[160] On 5 June, the ANC formally announced that it was seeking to create a national unity government, with spokesperson Mahlengi Bhengu-Motsiri saying that the party had discussions with the DA, the EFF and three other smaller parties, but received no positive response from the MK.[161] [162] These discussions, which were still in the early stages, will continue, with the ANC framing them as an attempt to form a government of "national unity" and not just as an option for a formal coalition. On 6 June, the MK confirmed that it was engaged in negotiations with the ANC.[163] On 12 June, the IFP said that it was willing to join a unity government that included the ANC and the DA.[164] On 13 June, the ANC announced that the DA and several other parties had agreed on the “fundamental” principle of forming the national unity government, with a framework to be disclosed on 14 June.[165] On 14 June, John Steenhuisen announced that the DA had entered into a coalition agreement with the ANC and provided its support for Ramaphosa's reelection as president. The Patriotic Alliance also provided its support.[166] This coalition agreement was also confirmed by ANC secretary general Fikile Mbalula, who described it as a "remarkable step."

On 6 June, ActionSA announced they would leave the Multi-Party Charter as the party believed some member parties had breached the agreement by considering forming a coalition with the ANC.[31] This decision reduced the charter's seat count from 119 to 113 in the 400-seat National Assembly.[167]

On 10 June, Chief Justice Raymond Zondo declared that the first sitting of the new National Assembly would occur on 14 June, during which elections for parliamentary speaker and president would be held.[168] The session proceeded as scheduled, with the ANC's Thoko Didiza being elected parliamentary speaker after she defeated the Economic Freedom Fighters' Veronica Mente with 284 votes to 49.[169] [170] [171] The same day, the National Assembly re-elected Ramaphosa as President of South Africa after defeating Economic Freedom Fighters leader Julius Malema with 283 votes to 54.[172] The DA's Annelie Lotriet was elected Deputy Speaker after defeating the African Transformation Movement's Vuyo Zungula with 273 votes to 54.[173] Lotriet became the first non-ANC member to hold the position of Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly since Bhadra Ranchod,[174] who served as Deputy Speaker between 1994 and 1996.[175]

On 30 June, Ramaphosa unveiled his new 32-member cabinet, with the ANC holding 20 posts, the DA holding six, and the remainder being held by other coalition members. John Steenhuisen was appointed as agriculture minister, while the leaders of four other parties were also named ministers.[176]

In the 6th Parliament's final session, the National Assembly voted to establish the Electoral Reform Consultation Panel to independently investigate and recommend potential reforms to South Africa's electoral system.[177]

Provincial formations

Despite gains in KwaZulu-Natal province during the general election, Jacob Zuma's MK party suffered a major setback in its heartland province on 14 June after the KwaZulu-Natal provincial legislative opted to elect IFP member Thami Ntuli over an MK candidate as Premier of KwaZulu-Natal.[178] [179] Ntuli defeated the MK Party's premier candidate, Zulu Nation's deputy prime minister Phathisizwe Chiliza, with 41 votes to 39.[180] Ntuli took office and appointed his cabinet on 18 June,[181] making him the first IFP member to serve as Premier of KwaZulu-Natal since 2004.[182]

Allegations of misconduct

On 1 June, Jacob Zuma said that the MK was seeking to have the announcement of official results legally halted pending investigations over allegations of vote-rigging raised by the party, with MK officials citing possible tampering of the Independent Electoral Commission's computer system following glitches earlier that day. The IEC said it had received 579 objections from both voters and political parties regarding the election results,[183] and ordered recounts in 24 cases.[184] Police Minister Bheki Cele warned that authorities would not tolerate "threats of instability in order to register objections or concerns about the electoral processes".[185]

The MK later filed a petition asking the Constitutional Court to halt the opening session of the new National Assembly on 14 June,[186] adding that it would boycott the meeting.[187] On 13 June, the Constitutional Court dismissed the petition, allowing the session to proceed.[188] The MK continued to boycott parliamentary proceedings until 26 June, when its MPs finally took their oath as members of the National Assembly.[189]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 20 February 2024 . South Africa to hold general election on May 29 . 29 February 2024 . Al Jazeera. 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240419095009/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/20/south-africa-to-hold-general-election-on-may-29 . live .
  2. Web site: 21 February 2024 . South Africa to hold elections on May 29 . 29 February 2024 . . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229220347/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/south-africa-to-hold-elections-on-may-29/3143370 . live .
  3. News: 2024 ELECTIONS: eNCA Project ANC Will Take 45% Of National Vote. eNCA. 30 May 2024. 30 May 2024. 30 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240530123735/https://www.enca.com/news-top-stories/2024-elections-enca-projects-anc-will-take-45-national-vote. live.
  4. News: ANC and DA agree on South Africa unity government. Farouk. Chothia. Danai Kesta. Kupemba. Barbra. Plett-Usher. BBC News. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614112052/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8007w4vqveo. live.
  5. News: South Africa's National Assembly re-elects Cyril Ramaphosa as president. Reuters. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024.
  6. News: 24 October 2023 . Election season kicks off but no date yet . . 29 December 2023 . 29 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231229182105/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2023-10-24-election-season-kicks-off-but-no-date-yet/ . live .
  7. News: 20 February 2024 . President Cyril Ramaphosa announces 2024 General Elections date . . 20 February 2024 . 20 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240220174859/https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-announces-2024-general-elections-date-20-feb-2024 . live .
  8. News: Support for ANC will continue to decline following South Africa elections, pollster predicts . 31 January 2024 . The Irish Times. 31 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131225830/https://www.irishtimes.com/world/africa/2024/01/23/support-for-anc-will-continue-to-decline-following-south-africa-elections-pollster-predicts/ . live .
  9. Web site: 5 November 2021 . A landmark as South Africa's ANC dips below 50% support . 1 August 2023 . AP News. 1 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801181437/https://apnews.com/article/africa-elections-cape-town-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-5d14a119310380ca61ce9eb7c3d3d6c2 . live .
  10. News: Harper . Paddy . Historic losses for ANC open new era in South African politics . 1 August 2023 . Africanews. 1 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801181438/https://www.africanews.com/2021/11/06/historic-losses-for-anc-open-new-era-in-south-african-politics/ . live .
  11. Web site: ANC and EFF partnership 'negotiating in good faith' to govern Gauteng metros . 1 August 2023 . 702. 1 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801181438/https://www.702.co.za/articles/466111/anc-and-eff-partnership-negotiating-in-good-faith-to-govern-gauteng-metros . live .
  12. Web site: DA to fight ANC-EFF 'doomsday coalition' . subscription . 1 August 2023 . BusinessLIVE. 1 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801181437/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2023-04-02-da-to-fight-anc-eff-doomsday-coalition/ . live .
  13. Web site: Magome . Mogomotsu . 16 December 2023 . South African ex-President Jacob Zuma has denounced the ANC and pledged to vote for a new party . 26 March 2024 . Associated Press. 26 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326151438/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-jacob-zuma-election-anc-party-5f2260db0b0cf4143387ea13ba8045ba . live .
  14. Web site: Magome . Mogomotsu . 26 March 2024 . South Africa's ANC fails in bid to ban former leader Zuma's party from polls . 26 March 2024 . Associated Press. 26 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326151438/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-anc-zuma-court-d409db1059c7f563cc169668bd9357f0 . live .
  15. Web site: Game of Thrones: How Jacob Zuma and uMkhonto weSizwe Party are positioning themselves as kingmakers . 26 March 2024 . 26 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240326230406/https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/opinion/game-of-thrones-how-jacob-zuma-and-umkhonto-wesizwe-party-are-positioning-themselves-as-kingmakers-5b30e899-2bcb-4d7d-bc9b-8c8045841e6c . live .
  16. Web site: South Africa's ex-President Jacob Zuma barred from May elections . 29 March 2024 . Al Jazeera. 29 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240329133124/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/28/south-africas-ex-president-jacob-zuma-barred-from-may-elections . live .
  17. Web site: 3 April 2024 . S.Africa's Zuma Files Appeal Against Exclusion From May Vote . 4 April 2024 . Barron's . 4 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404073155/https://www.barrons.com/news/s-africa-s-zuma-files-appeal-against-exclusion-from-may-vote-cbe79206 . live .
  18. Web site: South Africa's Jacob Zuma wins court bid to contest upcoming election . 10 April 2024 . Al Jazeera. 10 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240410020012/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/9/south-africas-jacob-zuma-wins-court-bid-to-contest-upcoming-election . live .
  19. Web site: Khoza . Amanda . Jacob Zuma can contest elections, Electoral Court rules . 9 April 2024 . News24. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125820/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/jacob-zuma-can-contest-elections-electoral-court-rules-20240409 . live .
  20. Web site: Electoral Commission approaches the Constitutional Court for Clarity on Section 47(1)(e) of the Constitution – Electoral Commission of South Africa . 12 April 2024 . Elections.org.za . 22 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240422181210/https://www.elections.org.za/pw/News-And-Media/News-List/News/News-Article/Electoral-Commission-approaches-the-Constitutional-Court-for-Clarity-on-Section-47(1)(e)-of-the-Constitution?a=AISDGvpz75ps1usOfX7oipctYQxHaGTy4Kf8EGcX+ok= . live .
  21. Web site: Imray . Gerald . 30 April 2024 . South African police investigate if former president's party forged signatures to contest elections . 1 May 2024 . Associated Press. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125857/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-zuma-anc-cc4a1dc04e555620a8e069ec02f0e022 . live .
  22. Web site: Imray . Gerald . 20 May 2024 . South Africa's top court rules former President Zuma cannot stand in election over criminal record . 20 May 2024 . Associated Press. 20 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240520102221/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-jacob-zuma-75051f626f3f4fe68dc8ed04b1e2163b . live .
  23. Web site: Imray . Gerald . 28 May 2024 . South Africa's election might be a defining moment — with new complications. Here's what to know . 29 May 2024 . Associated Press. 17 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517074753/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-voter-guide-6876f39a9c14a61c8f94f123cb66d4ce . live .
  24. Web site: Chothia . Farouk . 29 May 2024 . South Africans vote with ANC majority in the balance . 29 May 2024 . BBC. 29 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529022248/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crgg2neyr65o . live .
  25. Web site: Steenhuisen . John . 5 April 2024 . Vote DA to rescue South Africa from the ANC-EFF-MK Doomsday coalition . 30 May 2024 . Democratic Alliance . Forces of destruction in the ANC, EFF and their proxies in small parties like the Patriotic Alliance, were converging towards forming a Doomsday Coalition after the 2024 general election. A year down the line, and this initiative – now known as the Multi-Party Charter (MPC) – has made tremendous progress in forging a common vision and strong bonds. . 22 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240522151257/https://www.da.org.za/2024/04/vote-da-to-rescue-south-africa-from-the-anc-eff-mk-doomsday-coalition . live .
  26. Web site: Sisanda . Mbolekwa . 10 April 2024 . 'You choose: ANC, EFF and MK, or multi-party charter': Steenhuisen . 19 May 2024 . 20 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240520160436/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-04-10-you-choose-anc-eff-and-mk-or-multi-party-charter-steenhuisen/ . live .
  27. Web site: Masuabi . Queenin . 17 August 2023 . Multi-Party Charter for South Africa agrees on key power-sharing principles . 18 October 2023 . Daily Maverick. 23 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231023133049/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-08-17-multi-party-charter-for-south-africa-agrees-on-key-power-sharing-principles/ . live .
  28. Web site: Juniour . Khumalo . 15 March 2024 . Three Multiparty Charter members fail to meet election threshold . . . 19 May 2024 . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514193137/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f629rmQgqQU&gl=US&hl=en . live .
  29. Web site: Felix . Jason . Elections 2024: Two Multi-Party Charter parties fail to get required signatures, won't contest polls . 20 March 2024 . News24. 20 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240320173924/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/elections-2024-two-mpc-political-parties-fail-to-get-required-signatures-wont-contest-polls-20240315 . live .
  30. News: Sithole . Siyabonga . 8 October 2023 . Multiparty Charter welcomes ACDP into the fold . 18 October 2023 . . 19 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231019153450/https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/multiparty-charter-welcomes-acdp-into-the-fold-58f0b7a1-65d2-414a-b8b9-a07c0341991f . live .
  31. Web site: Beaumont . Michael . 6 June 2024 . Post-Senate Briefing and the Way Forward for ActionSA . live . 6 June 2024 . ActionSA . ActionSA's Senate has deliberated on our relationship with other political parties going forward. This process has resolved that ActionSA will leave the Multi-Party Charter because of the serious breach by those parties who publicly signed and campaigned under an agreement which expressly ruled out working relationships with the ANC. . 6 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240606155408/https://www.actionsa.org.za/post-senate-briefing-and-the-way-forward-for-actionsa/ .
  32. Web site: Archived copy . 6 June 2024 . 6 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240606221520/https://x.com/Action4SA/status/1798649727057310062 . live .
  33. News: South Africa faces a defining election . 31 January 2024 . The Economist . 0013-0613 . 31 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131225831/https://www.economist.com/the-world-ahead/2023/11/13/south-africa-faces-a-defining-election . live .
  34. News: Counting under way in South Africa's crucial election . 30 May 2024 . BBC . 30 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240530005713/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjll8nr6962o . live .
  35. News: Mabuza . Ernest . 11 June 2020 . Constitutional Court judgment opens door for independent candidates to stand for election . 7 July 2021 . Sunday Times. 9 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183738/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2020-06-11-concourt-ruling-opens-door-for-independent-candidates-to-stand-for-election-in-sa/ . live .
  36. Web site: Election for National Assembly . 4 January 2020 . IFES Election Guide . 29 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141229211847/http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2721/ . live .
  37. Web site: 24 March 2021 . Ministerial Advisory Committee on the Electoral System hosts first consultative meeting . https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183523/https://www.gov.za/speeches/ministerial-advisory-committee-electoral-system-hosts-first-consultative-meeting-24-mar . 9 July 2021 . 7 July 2021 . gov.za . Government of South Africa.
  38. News: Kgosana . Caiphus . Khoza . Amanda . 13 June 2021 . Advisory committee divided on which electoral system to adopt . 7 July 2021 . Sunday Times. 6 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210706220231/https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/news/2021-06-13-advisory-committee-divided-on-which-electoral-system-to-adopt/ . live .
  39. Web site: 2024 General Elections, 29 May . 13 May 2024 . gov.za . 13 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513205340/https://www.gov.za/news/elections2024 . live .
  40. Web site: Staatskoerant. Determination of seats reserved for each region for elections of the National Assembly. 23 February 2024. 3 June 2024. 5 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240605080321/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202402/50179gen2336.pdf. live.
  41. Web site: What's new in the 2024 Elections? . 18 October 2023 . Electoral Commission of South Africa . 19 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231019153453/https://www.elections.org.za/pw/elections/whats-new-in-the-2024-elections-electoral-amendment-act . live .
  42. News: Paton . Carol . Quintal . Genevieve . 22 May 2019 . Cyril Ramaphosa elected as president by National Assembly . 4 January 2020 . BusinessDay . 4 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190604173028/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-05-22-cyril-ramaphosa-elected-as-president-by-national-assembly/ . live .
  43. Web site: Imray . Gerald . 17 May 2024 . South Africa's election could bring a defining moment — and new complications. Here's what to know . 17 May 2024 . Associated Press. 17 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240517074753/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-voter-guide-6876f39a9c14a61c8f94f123cb66d4ce . live .
  44. https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Parties-And-Candidates/Candidates-List National Candidates List
  45. https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Parties-And-Candidates/List-Of-Parties-And-Independents National Compensatory – List of Parties – Alphabetic Order
  46. https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Parties-And-Candidates/National Regional Parties and Independents – Alphabetic Order
  47. Web site: 15 May 2024 . A new South Africa health law aims at deep inequality, but critics say they'll challenge it . 19 May 2024 . AP News. 19 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240519030656/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-health-law-elections-e1e15892eaa6efa51cc1bf14959d3453 . live .
  48. Web site: South Africa's National Health Insurance (NHI) Bill: Why it is controversial . 19 May 2024 . BBC. 19 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240519030656/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1030v3p1r8o . live .
  49. Web site: South Africa's Ramaphosa signs health bill weeks before election . 19 May 2024 . Al Jazeera. 19 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240519031139/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/15/south-africas-ramaphosa-signs-health-bill-weeks-before-election . live .
  50. https://www.npr.org/2024/04/01/1241232636/johannesburg-south-africa-water-crisis Johannesburg's water crisis is the latest blow to South Africa's 'world-class city'
  51. Web site: Impact of illegal migration on cities: input from Joburg & Ekurhuleni Mayors, SALGA & Minister . 8 April 2024 . pmg.org.za. 8 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408215656/https://pmg.org.za/committee-meeting/29125/ . live .
  52. Web site: Simelane . Bheki C. . 5 September 2021 . Action SA's Herman Mashaba: Unapologetic about stance on foreigners and driven to wear Joburg's mayoral chain again Action SA's Herman Mashaba: Driven to wear Joburg's mayoral chain . 28 April 2024 . Daily Maverick. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125822/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-09-05-action-sas-herman-mashaba-unapologetic-about-stance-on-foreigners-and-driven-to-wear-joburgs-mayoral-chain-again/ . live .
  53. Web site: 4 April 2024 . 'You see skeletons' – South Africa's deadly border . 8 April 2024 . BBC News. 8 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408215655/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68680534 . live .
  54. Web site: Marrian . Natasha . Is South Africa heading for an immigration election? . 8 April 2024 . BusinessLIVE. 8 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408221421/https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/features/2023-11-16-is-south-africa-heading-for-an-immigration-election/ . live .
  55. News: 4 April 2024 . South Africa election 2024: 'You see skeletons' – the deadly migrant crossing . 8 April 2024 . BBC. 8 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240408215655/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-68680534 . live .
  56. Web site: 2022-07-15 . South Africa 'on the precipice of explosive xenophobic violence', UN experts warn . 2024-06-10 . news.un.org. 13 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141025/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/07/1122612 . live .
  57. Web site: The Zondo Commission: A bite-sized summary . 5 March 2024 . Public Affairs Research Institute . 30 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231130095327/http://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PARI-Summary-The-Zondo-Commission-A-bite-sized-summary-v360.pdf . live .
  58. Web site: Haffajee . Ferial . 30 June 2021 . State Capture Inquiry cost almost R1bn, but it saved billions more – Judge Zondo . 5 March 2024 . Daily Maverick. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125242/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-06-30-state-capture-inquiry-cost-almost-r1bn-but-it-saved-billions-more-judge-zondo/ . live .
  59. Web site: Davis . Rebecca . 24 May 2021 . The total(ish) cost of the Guptas' State Capture: R49,157,323,233.68 . 5 March 2024 . Daily Maverick. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154559/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-05-24-the-totalish-cost-of-the-guptas-state-capture-r49157323233-68/ . live .
  60. Web site: The ANC's 2024 Manifesto – DOCUMENTS . 5 March 2024 . PoliticsWeb.co.za. 1 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240301032413/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-ancs-2024-manifesto . live .
  61. Web site: The DA's Rescue Plan for South Africa . 5 March 2024 . Democratic Alliance . 29 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240229172846/https://cdn.da.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/16143750/DA-Election-Manifesto-2024.pdf . live .
  62. Web site: Our Land & Jobs Now. Stop Loadshedding! 2024 Election Manifesto . 5 March 2024 . Economic Freedom Fighters . 9 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240309185642/https://effonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/A5-EFF-2024-Manifesto-full-version.pdf . live .
  63. News: Imray . Gerald . 12 March 2024 . South Africa's ruling party fields election candidates who have faced graft allegations . 12 March 2024 . Associated Press . 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125823/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-anc-fa83145d9cd1080abde8fc4076817832 . live .
  64. Web site: Gerber . Jan . National Assembly fails to pass constitutional amendment to allow land expropriation without compensation . 5 March 2024 . News24. 4 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404230403/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/breaking-national-assembly-fails-to-pass-constitutional-amendment-to-allow-land-expropriation-without-compensation-20211207 . live .
  65. Web site: 24 March 2021 . Afriforum Presents Oral Submissions to Parliament on the Amendment of Section 25 of the Constitution and the Expropriation Bill . 5 March 2024 . AfriForum. 7 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240407134404/https://afriforum.co.za/en/afriforum-presents-oral-submissions-to-parliament-on-the-amendment-of-section-25-of-the-constitution-and-the-expropriation-bill/ . live .
  66. Web site: 13 August 2021 . South African Institute of Race Relations NPC (IRR) Submission to the Ad Hoc Committee to Initiate and Introduce Legislation Amending Section 25 of the Constitution . 5 March 2024 . . 11 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240311003255/https://irr.org.za/reports/submissions-on-proposed-legislation/irr-submission-draft-constitution-18th-amendment-bill-13-august-2021.pdf . live .
  67. Web site: Gerber . Jan . Failed Section 25 amendment is 'water under the bridge', says Mabuza . 5 March 2024 . News24. 25 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240325120841/https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/failed-section-25-amendment-is-water-under-the-bridge-says-mabuza-20211209 . live .
  68. Web site: Failure to pass the Section 25 Amendment Bill a victory for South Africa's constitutional order . 5 March 2024 . Democratic Alliance. 7 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240407132900/https://www.da.org.za/2021/12/failure-to-pass-the-section-25-amendment-bill-a-victory-for-south-africas-constitutional-order . live .
  69. Web site: Merten . Marianne . 28 September 2022 . Expropriation Bill finally approved — the end of a long and controversial road . 5 March 2024 . Daily Maverick. 29 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529191037/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2022-09-29-controversial-expropriation-bill-is-finally-approved-after-navigating-a-14-year-rocky-road/ . live .
  70. News: Cocks . Tim . 7 December 2021 . S. African law change plan to allow land expropriation fails to pass . 29 April 2024 . . 30 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230530220435/http://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/safrican-law-change-plan-allow-land-expropriation-fails-pass-2021-12-07/ . live .
  71. Web site: November 2017 . Land Audit Report . 29 April 2024 . Department of Rural Development and Land Reform . 15 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240515223614/https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdf . live .
  72. Web site: Constrained rural entrepreneurship in South Africa: A tale of two agricultures . 30 April 2024 . business.leeds.ac.uk. 30 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240430231738/https://business.leeds.ac.uk/cees/dir-record/research-blog/2161/constrained-rural-entrepreneurship-in-south-africa-a-tale-of-two-agricultures . live .
  73. Web site: Hull . Elizabeth . 17 October 2022 . Land reform in South Africa is failing. Ignoring the realities of rural life plays a part . 30 April 2024 . The Conversation. 30 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240430231737/http://theconversation.com/land-reform-in-south-africa-is-failing-ignoring-the-realities-of-rural-life-plays-a-part-190452 . live .
  74. Web site: 24 February 2024 . ANC Election Manifesto . 18 April 2024 . ANC Manifesto . 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240419030549/http://www.anc1912.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ANC-2024-Elections-Manifesto.pdf . live .
  75. Web site: 10 February 2024 . 2024 Election Manifesto . 29 April 2024 . Economic Freedom Fighters . 9 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240309185642/https://effonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/A5-EFF-2024-Manifesto-full-version.pdf . live .
  76. Web site: 18 November 2019 . Julius Malema: Land Expropriation Without Compensation . Berkeley Political Review . 30 April 2024. 30 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240430231739/https://bpr.studentorg.berkeley.edu/2019/11/18/julius-malema-land-expropriation-without-compensation/ . live .
  77. Republic of South Africa. "THE CONSTITUTION of the REPUBLIC of SOUTH AFRICA, 1996." Justice.gov.za, 1996, http://www.justice.gov.za/legislation/constitution/SAConstitution-web-eng.pdf.
  78. Web site: DA to challenge any attempt to bulldoze Expropriation Bill through parliament . 30 April 2024 . Democratic Alliance. 30 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240430231739/https://www.da.org.za/2024/03/da-to-challenge-any-attempt-to-bulldoze-expropriation-bill-through-parliament . live .
  79. Web site: Hohm Energy . 12 May 2023 . Sponsored Content: Its now official: South Africa has now had more load shedding in 2023 to date than in 2022 combined . 7 August 2023 . Daily Maverick. 7 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230807125836/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-05-12-its-now-official-south-africa-has-now-had-more-load-shedding-in-2023-to-date-than-in-2022-combined/ . live .
  80. Web site: Payton . Ben . 14 March 2024 . Power struggle: Energy in focus in South Africa's pivotal election . 27 March 2024 . African Business. 27 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240327212957/https://african.business/2024/03/energy-resources/power-struggle-energy-in-focus-in-south-africas-pivotal-election . live .
  81. Web site: 24 February 2024 . South Africa's ANC launches election manifesto as president highlights party's achievements . 18 April 2024 . AP News. 13 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513151041/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-anc-manifesto-jobs-646a45300a06f720fae842f5c1cad56b . live .
  82. Web site: 24 February 2024 . South Africa's ANC launches election manifesto as president highlights party's achievements . 30 April 2024 . AP News. 13 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240513151041/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-anc-manifesto-jobs-646a45300a06f720fae842f5c1cad56b . live .
  83. Web site: 24 January 2024 . Rolling Blackouts in South Africa . 1 May 2024 . EcoFlow. 1 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240501000622/https://blog.ecoflow.com/za/rolling-blackouts-in-south-africa/ . live .
  84. Web site: 2024 . The DA's Rescue Plan For South Africa . 18 April 2024 . DA Election Manifesto . 19 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240419012148/http://cdn.da.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/16143750/DA-Election-Manifesto-2024.pdf . live .
  85. Web site: What has the DA been doing to fix the electricity crisis? . 30 April 2024 . Democratic Alliance. 1 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240501000615/https://www.da.org.za/fixing-the-electricity-crisis . live .
  86. South African Police Service, 2023. Police Recorded Crime Statistics, Republic of South Africa: Second Quarter of 2023–2024 Financial Year (July 2023 to September 2023). Available at https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_documents/saps_stats.pdf Accessed on 3 January 2024
  87. Web site: 17 November 2023 . Cele and his management content with South Africans living in a slaughter house as bloodbath continues . 3 January 2024 . Action Society. 3 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240103195512/https://actionsociety.co.za/cele-and-his-management-content-with-south-africans-living-in-a-slaughter-house-as-bloodbath-continues/ . live .
  88. News: 3 December 2023 . South Africa: The region where political violence is on the rise ahead of elections . 31 January 2024 . BBC News. 31 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131225830/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-67576270 . live .
  89. Web site: du Preez . Juanita . 16 February 2024 . One raped every 12 minutes; South Africans abandoned in war against crime – Action Society . 21 February 2024 . Action Society. 21 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221195906/https://actionsociety.co.za/one-raped-every-12-minutes-south-africans-abandoned-in-war-against-crime-action-society/ . live .
  90. Web site: 19 December 2023 . Key statistics ahead of South Africa's 2024 elections . 31 January 2024 . The Citizen. 31 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131225830/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/key-statistics-ahead-of-south-africas-2024-elections/ . live .
  91. Web site: Parliament of the Republic of South Africa . Report of the Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements on Budget Vote 33: Human Settlements and on the revised Strategic Plan for the coming Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) period and Annual Performance Plan 2022–23, 4 May 2022. . GroundUp . 6 February 2024 . 28 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240128045857/https://www.groundup.org.za/media/uploads/documents/dhs-2022.pdf . live .
  92. Web site: Question to the Minister of Human Settlements – NW535 . 6 February 2024 . pmg.org.za. 6 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240206165510/https://pmg.org.za/committee-question/21399/ . live .
  93. Web site: Bezuidenhout . Natasha . 'It is finally happening': Construction of Village Heights development commence . 6 February 2024 . News24. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601124851/https://www.news24.com/news24/community-newspaper/peoples-post/it-is-finally-happening-construction-of-village-heights-development-commence-20230530 . live .
  94. Web site: Question to the Minister of Human Settlements – NW398 . 2 April 2024 . pmg.org.za. 2 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240402180717/https://pmg.org.za/committee-question/25189/ . live .
  95. Web site: 'Cadre deployment is illegal' – Zondo . 23 February 2024 . City Press. 23 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240223173949/https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/cadre-deployment-is-illegal-zondo-20220625 . live .
  96. Web site: Davis . Rebecca . 12 February 2024 . ANC has five days to hand over cadre deployment records to DA . 14 February 2024 . Daily Maverick. 14 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240214094230/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-12-anc-given-five-days-to-release-contentious-cadre-deployment-records-to-da/ . live .
  97. Web site: 20 February 2024 . ANC cadre documents . 23 February 2024 . Democratic Alliance . 23 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240223173951/https://cdn.da.org.za/ANC-cadre-documents-20240220.pdf . live .
  98. Web site: 23 February 2024 . LIVE: Explosive ANC cadre secrets exposed and what's next . 23 February 2024 . Democratic Alliance . 23 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240223173950/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bOVxoA2IR4 . live .
  99. News: 31 January 2024 . South Africa's Ramaphosa Warns ANC of Foreign Meddling in Vote . 31 January 2024 . Bloomberg.com. 19 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240319233626/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-31/south-africa-s-ramaphosa-warns-anc-of-foreign-meddling-in-vote . live .
  100. Web site: Abbas AlLawati . Nadeen Ebrahim . 26 January 2024 . Why both South Africa and Israel are welcoming the UN court's ruling in a landmark genocide case . 31 January 2024 . CNN. 27 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240127071852/https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/26/middleeast/israel-genocide-case-icj-ruling-analysis-mime-intl/index.html . live .
  101. Web site: 23 February 2023 . Exercise MOSI II underway in South Africa . 10 February 2024 . Military Africa. 29 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929024652/https://www.military.africa/2023/02/exercise-mosi-ii-underway-in-south-africa/ . live .
  102. Web site: Fabricius . Peter . 3 November 2023 . S Africa's links with Hamas and Iran pose new threat to Agoa . 10 February 2024 . Daily Maverick. 9 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209032418/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-03-s-africas-links-with-hamas-and-iran-pose-new-threat-to-agoa/ . live .
  103. Web site: Fabricius . Peter . 2 May 2023 . DA and ANC on same side as SA lobbies US over Agoa . 10 February 2024 . Daily Maverick. 1 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231201010430/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-05-02-da-and-anc-on-same-page-about-agoa-but-steenhuisen-touts-anc-is-not-south-africa-to-us/ . live .
  104. Web site: Premier Winde pushes for SA's AGOA's reauthorisation in US visit . 10 February 2024 . Western Cape Government. 26 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240226123141/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/news/premier-winde-pushes-sa%E2%80%99s-agoa%E2%80%99s-reauthorisation-us-visit . live .
  105. Web site: Maqhina . Mayibongwe . 20 June 2023 . Winde's office tight-lipped on cost of US trip to 'save' Agoa . 10 February 2024 . IOL . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629080733/https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/windes-office-tight-lipped-on-cost-of-us-trip-to-save-agoa-0a34798d-13d4-4666-bd17-10e5504629c4 . live .
  106. Web site: 26 November 2023 . Challenging political norms: Referendum Party versus DA in the Western Cape . 31 December 2023 . BizNews. 31 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231210609/https://www.biznews.com/rational-perspective/2023/11/26/referendum-party-vs-da-western-cape . live .
  107. Web site: 4 February 2022 . Self-determination is the issue of the year in the Western Cape . 4 January 2024 . 4 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240104080235/https://mg.co.za/thought-leader/opinion/2022-02-04-self-determination-is-the-issue-of-the-year-in-the-western-cape/ . live .
  108. Web site: Bourdin . Julie . CapeXit? Separatists Bid To Split South Africa . 2 May 2024 . Barron's. 2 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240502150746/https://www.barrons.com/news/capexit-separatists-bid-to-split-south-africa-0f74913f . live .
  109. Web site: CapeXit – Own your future Besit jou toekoms . 2 May 2024. 20 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240420201941/https://capexit.org/ . live .
  110. Web site: 13 September 2023 . Solly Msimanga is DA candidate for Gauteng premier . 11 April 2024 . The Mail & Guardian. 16 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231016133200/https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-09-13-solly-msimanga-is-da-candidate-for-gauteng-premier/ . live .
  111. Web site: Njilo . Nonkululeko . 29 February 2024 . ActionSA's Funzi Ngobeni joins competitive race for Gauteng premier . 11 April 2024 . Daily Maverick. 1 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240301023504/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-02-29-actionsas-funzi-ngobeni-joins-competitive-race-for-gauteng-premier/ . live .
  112. Web site: Maliti . Soyiso . DA pins its KZN hopes on 'principled' Pappas for premier . 11 April 2024 . News24. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601125823/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/da-pins-its-kzn-hopes-on-principled-pappas-for-premier-20230925 . live .
  113. Web site: Mbolekwa . Sisanda . Thami Ntuli is KZN IFP premier candidate . 11 April 2024 . TimesLIVE. 4 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240404082704/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-01-29-thami-ntuli-is-kzn-ifp-premier-candidate/ . live .
  114. Web site: Cotterell . Gareth . 26 August 2023 . Alan Winde announced as DA's Western Cape premier candidate for 2024 election . 11 April 2024 . The Citizen. 30 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230930071326/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/alan-winde-da-western-cape-premier-candidate-2024-election/ . live .
  115. Web site: Imray . Gerald . 10 May 2024 . A campaign ad by a South African party showing a burning flag is called treason by the president . 10 May 2024 . Associated Press. 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510145219/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-ad-flag-burning-150e662e71aabbc447f9bbe52abeb75b . live .
  116. Web site: 9 May 2024 . Rejection of Democratic Alliance's TV Advertisement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240509151707/https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GNJT78WWUAIffKz?format=jpg&name=large . 9 May 2024 . 10 May 2024 . Internet Archive.
  117. Web site: Manjeya . Yamkeleka . SABC's ban on DA advert raises free speech concerns . 10 May 2024 . City Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154535/https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/sabcs-ban-on-da-advert-raises-free-speech-concerns-20240510 . live .
  118. Web site: 24 May 2024 . SABC fined R500 000 for refusing to air DA election ad – TechCentral . 24 May 2024. 24 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240524192344/https://techcentral.co.za/sabc-fined-refusing-to-air-da-election-ad/245330/ . live .
  119. Web site: President Ramaphosa to publicly sign National Health Insurance Bill into law . 14 May 2024 . thepresidency.gov.za . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514183816/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-publicly-sign-national-health-insurance-bill-law . live .
  120. Web site: Brand-Jonker . Nellie . NGV-skok: 'Inkomste uit belasting gaan daal soos middelklas uitstroom' . 14 May 2024 . Netwerk24 . af-ZA . 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514183816/https://www.netwerk24.com/netwerk24/sake/geldsake/mediese-fondse/ngv-skok-inkomste-uit-belasting-gaan-daal-soos-middelklas-uitstroom-20240514 . live .
  121. Web site: Mixed reaction as president is set to sign NHI Bill into law – LNN . 14 May 2024 . Network News. 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514183815/https://www.citizen.co.za/network-news/lnn/article/mixed-reaction-as-president-is-set-to-sign-nhi-bill-into-law/ . live .
  122. Web site: 14 May 2024 . NHI will chase South Africa's biggest taxpayers out of the country . 14 May 2024 . Daily Investor.
  123. Web site: Motsoere . Gloria . BLSA believes signing NHI Bill into law will leave healthcare sector worse off . 14 May 2024 . EWN. 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514183818/https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/05/14/blsa-believes-signing-nhi-bill-into-law-will-leave-healthcare-sector-worse-off . live .
  124. Web site: DA says it is ready to fight NHI all the way to ConCourt . 14 May 2024 . TimesLIVE. 14 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240514201101/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-05-14-da-says-it-is-ready-to-fight-nhi-all-the-way-to-concourt/ . live .
  125. Web site: ActionSA disappointed President ignored plea not to sign NHI into law . 14 May 2024 . politicsweb.co.za. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154429/https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/actionsa-disappointed-president-ignored-plea-not-t . live .
  126. Web site: 19 May 2024 . Jacob Zuma's MK takes fight to ANC stronghold of Soweto in South Africa election . 21 May 2024 . BBC News. 21 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240521172917/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c51134895v8o . live .
  127. Web site: 20 May 2024 . Jacob Zuma barred from standing in South Africa's election by Constitutional Court . 21 May 2024 . BBC News. 21 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240521134435/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cv22l7mlxdzo . live .
  128. Web site: President Ramaphosa to address the nation . 26 May 2024 . thepresidency.gov.za . 26 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240526182431/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president-ramaphosa-address-nation-15 . live .
  129. Web site: WRAP COMMENT: Ramaphosa 'abuses' national address to cynically campaign for the ANC . 26 May 2024 . News24. 26 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240526182456/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/live-president-cyril-ramaphosa-to-address-the-nation-20240526 . live .
  130. Several news media sources reported the same poll data, but with varying amounts of attribution to IPSOS and/or the Inclusive Society Institute — and not all of them explicitly lists the date the polling was conducted on, which may lead to the mistaken impression that these articles represent more than one poll taken at different times:
    • News: Harris . Mari . 27 October 2023 . Possible political party choices in the 2024 election . 25 May 2024 . IPSOS . press release . 25 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240525023257/https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2023-10/Possible%20political%20party%20choices%20in%20the%202024%20election_Ipsos_Press%20Release_27%20October%202023.pdf . live .
    • News: Haffajee . Ferial . ANC support plummets to 33%, but it is still likely to form a government next year, new study finds . 25 May 2024 . Daily Maverick . 28 November 2023 . news article . 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601131323/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-11-28-anc-support-plummets-to-33-but-it-is-still-likely-to-form-a-government-next-year-new-study-finds/ . live .
    • News: Mahlati . Zintle . ANC support declines but likely to keep control nationally in 2024 – data . 25 May 2024 . News24 . 30 November 2023 . news article . https://web.archive.org/web/20240525023247/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/political-parties/anc-support-declines-but-likely-to-keep-control-nationally-in-2024-data-20231130 . 25 May 2024 . bot: unknown .
    • News: Inclusive Society Institute GovDem Poll finds that ANC support has dropped significantly . 25 May 2024 . SABC News . 30 November 2023 . video . These are the poll outcomes for all South Africans eligible to vote in an election. Daryl Swanepoel, the CEO of Inclusive Society Institute, now joins us virtually to chat about this. . 25 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240525023242/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jR3zF7Mfrdk&gl=US&hl=en . live .
  131. News: Madia . Tshidi . 26 April 2023 . National Coalition Made Up of Opposition Parties Highly Unlikely – Poll . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526141158/https://ewn.co.za/2023/04/26/national-coalition-made-up-of-opposition-parties-highly-unlikely-poll . 26 May 2023 . 25 May 2024 . Eyewitness News . news article.
  132. Web site: About voting abroad – Electoral Commission of South Africa . Elections.org.za . 29 May 2024 . 21 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240521225524/https://www.elections.org.za/pw/VotingAbroad/About-Voting-Abroad . live .
  133. News: 27 May 2024 . Early voting begins in South African elections that could spell end of ANC dominance . 27 May 2024 . France 24. 27 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240527141754/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240527-early-voting-begins-in-south-african-elections-that-could-spell-end-of-anc-dominance . live .
  134. News: 29 May 2024 . South Africans begins voting in an election seen as their country's most important in 30 years . 29 May 2024 . Associated Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154457/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-anc-vote-db201bc1aa21a1d986d50af1674a8e78 . live .
  135. News: 29 May 2024 . South Africans vote in election that could end the ANC's parliamentary majority . 29 May 2024 . France 24. 29 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529061323/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240529-south-africans-vote-in-election-that-could-end-the-anc-s-parliamentary-majority . live .
  136. News: 29 May 2024 . South Africans vote in a pivotal election as president says he has no doubt his ANC party will win . 29 May 2024 . Associated Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154457/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-anc-vote-db201bc1aa21a1d986d50af1674a8e78 . live .
  137. Web site: EFF's Malema votes after queuing for three hours . 29 May 2024 . The Star. 29 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240529150331/https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/africa/2024-05-29-effs-malema-votes-after-queuing-for-three-hours/ . live .
  138. Web site: South Africa counts ballots in most competitive election since apartheid . 30 May 2024 . . 30 May 2024.
  139. Web site: Partial count in South Africa election puts ruling ANC below 50% as country senses monumental change . 30 May 2024 . . 30 May 2024. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601131904/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-change-vote-anc-25a03780bec29503ab3d9f6e9f96dc4c . live .
  140. Web site: South Africa leader under pressure after election blow . 1 June 2024 . BBC. 31 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240531225129/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyeek2xlgzzo . live .
  141. Web site: South Africa political parties cobble together unity government as deadline to elect president looms . 13 June 2024 . Associated Press. 13 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613084029/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-lawmakers-parliament-negotiations-3fc23d8f18cbd62be982d1076c7e2e46 . live .
  142. Web site: South Africa election result: Will ANC share power with MK party or DA? . 2 June 2024 . BBC. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601124426/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyeek2xlgzzo . live .
  143. Web site: 1 June 2024 . South Africa's ANC loses its 30-year majority in landmark election . 2 June 2024 . Voice of America. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602160329/https://www.voanews.com/a/7638745.html . live .
  144. Web site: 2 June 2024 . South Africa elections results: What happens next? . 2 June 2024 . Al Jazeera. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602155002/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/2/south-africa-elections-results-what-happens-next . live .
  145. IEC South Africa, National and Provincial election results https://results.elections.org.za/home/Downloads/NPE-Results
  146. Web site: 4 June 2024 . Race to form South Africa's next government: Who will the ANC ally with? . 4 June 2024 . Al Jazeera. 3 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603235209/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/3/race-to-form-south-africas-next-government-who-will-the-anc-ally-with . live .
  147. News: Monteiro . Ana . ANC Loses Its Outright Majority in South Africa's Northern Cape . 4 June 2024 . Bloomberg . 31 May 2024 . 5 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605080415/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-31/anc-loses-its-outright-majority-in-south-africa-s-northern-cape . live .
  148. News: SCHRIEBER . SINESIPHO . From 53% to 36%: ANC loses confidence of Gauteng voters . 4 June 2024 . Times Live . 1 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605235559/https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2024-06-01-from-53-to-36-anc-loses-confidence-of-gauteng-voters/ . live .
  149. News: Matlata . Alex . Limpopo delivers big win for ANC, defying expectations . 4 June 2024 . The Citizen . 4 June 2024 . 4 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240604050643/https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/elections/limpopo-delivers-big-win-for-anc-defying-expectations/ . live .
  150. News: Monique . Vanek . South Africa's DA Holds Onto Power in Western Cape Province . 4 June 2024 . Bloomberg . 1 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605080415/https://www.bloomberg.com/article/api/blens . live .
  151. News: Hunter . Qaanitah . Zuma big election 'winner' as South Africa heads for coalition government . 4 June 2024 . AlJazeera . 31 May 2024 . 31 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240531143528/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/31/zuma-big-election-winner-as-south-africa-heads-for-coalition-government . live .
  152. News: 31 May 2024 . South Africa heads for 'coalition country' as partial election results put ruling ANC well below 50% . 31 May 2024 . Associated Press. 31 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240531084810/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-vote-anc-0799ce0d04399fdf594aa8a7ac7914e3 . live .
  153. Web site: 2 June 2024 . The ANC party that freed South Africa from apartheid loses its 30-year majority in landmark election . 2 June 2024 . Associated Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602034552/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-vote-anc-d9da7582ca98a4e00fec2da6a5fe1e91 . live .
  154. News: 31 May 2024 . Zuma big election 'winner' as South Africa heads for coalition government . 31 May 2024 . Al Jazeera. 31 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240531143528/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/31/zuma-big-election-winner-as-south-africa-heads-for-coalition-government . live .
  155. Web site: 2 June 2024 . South Africa's 'humbled' ANC talking to all parties as country looks for way forward after election . 2 June 2024 . Associated Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123031/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-anc-vote-68a64d6bb5f0655233c7d6d4aa7bb0e8 . live .
  156. Web site: 3 June 2024 . South Africa's president urges parties to find common ground in talks after election deadlock . 3 June 2024 . Associated Press. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602123031/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-election-anc-vote-68a64d6bb5f0655233c7d6d4aa7bb0e8 . live .
  157. Web site: Koko . Mongezi . ANC Gauteng says going back to the drawing board for way forward on coalitions . 2 June 2024 . EWN. 3 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603004515/https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/05/31/anc-gauteng-says-going-back-to-the-drawing-board-for-way-forward-on-coalitions . live .
  158. Web site: Ndletyana . Mcebisi . Coalition quandary: Zuma's KZN conundrum . 2 June 2024 . News24. 3 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603004055/https://www.news24.com/news24/opinions/columnists/mcebsisi-ndletyana/mcebisi-ndletyana-coalition-quandary-zumas-kzn-conundrum-20240602 . live .
  159. Web site: Khoza . Amanda . 'A bolt from Nkandla': DA set on keeping 'destructive' MKP out of KZN govt as coalitions talks open . 2 June 2024 . News24. 3 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240603004055/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/a-bolt-from-nkandla-da-set-on-keeping-destructive-mkp-out-of-kzn-govt-as-coalitions-talks-open-20240601 . live .
  160. News: ANC internal document advises coalition deal with centrist Democratic Alliance. Rob. Rose. David. Pilling. The Financial Times. 4 June 2024. 4 June 2024. 5 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240605235558/https://www.ft.com/content/ec2de91c-fba7-493b-9ee9-8840bb8413da. live.
  161. News: ANC eyes national unity government after election loss . BBC . 5 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605123000/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9001dkzxeno . live .
  162. News: South Africa's weakened ANC talks with 5 parties over possible coalition but says it's still early . Mogomotsi . Magome . Associated Press . 5 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . 5 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240605124034/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-anc-coalition-election-d5539bff35b52bfcefad95a06aede026 . live .
  163. News: Al Jazeera. South Africa's ANC will seek national unity government, Ramaphosa says. 7 June 2024. 7 June 2024. 7 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240607000220/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/6/989. live.
  164. News: . South Africa's IFP party says it will join a unity government, a step toward ending deadlock . 13 June 2024. 13 June 2024 . 13 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141040/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-politics-coalition-government-859e3946b00932d60de79a7d33143c41 . live .
  165. News: . South Africa's ANC says it has broad agreement with main opposition, others on coalition government . 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024 . 13 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613150901/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-lawmakers-parliament-negotiations-3fc23d8f18cbd62be982d1076c7e2e46 . live .
  166. News: . South African President Ramaphosa set for re-election as DA gives backing . 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024 . 15 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064237/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/14/south-africas-parliament-choosing-president-amidst-uncertainty . live .
  167. News: SABC News. ActionSA resigns from the Multi-Party Charter. live. 6 June 2024. 6 June 2024. 6 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240606220415/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/actionsa-resigns-from-the-multiparty-charter/.
  168. News: VOA News. South Africa's new parliament to convene Friday as parties scramble to form coalition government. 10 June 2024. 10 June 2024. 10 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240610162459/https://www.voanews.com/a/south-africa-s-new-parliament-to-convene-friday-as-parties-scramble-to-form-coalition-government/7649965.html. live.
  169. Web site: Ensor . Linda . 14 June 2024 . BREAKING NEWS: Didiza elected Speaker of National Assembly . 2024-06-14 . BusinessLIVE. 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614161652/https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2024-06-14-breaking-news-didiza-elected-speaker-of-national-assembly/ . live .
  170. Web site: Lekabe . Thapelo . UPDATE: Thoko Didiza elected National Assembly Speaker, defeats EFF's Veronica Mente . 2024-06-14 . City Press. 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614161650/https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/didiza-and-mente-compete-for-national-assembly-speaker-as-anc-da-seal-unity-deal-20240614 . live .
  171. News: South African Lawmakers Pick ANC's Didiza as Parliament Speaker. Paul. Vacchiatto. Bloomberg News. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. 15 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240615014404/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-06-14/south-african-election-lawmakers-pick-didiza-as-speaker. live.
  172. News: Cyril Ramaphosa re-elected South African president. BBC News. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614211548/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cneeven9ljpo. live.
  173. Web site: Thale . Neo . 2024-06-14 . BREAKING: DA's Annelie Lotriet is the new deputy speaker of Parliament . 2024-06-14 . The South African. 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614193109/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/politics/breaking-ancs-thoko-didiza-is-the-new-speaker-of-parliament/ . live .
  174. News: DA's Lotriet pitted against ATM's Zungula for Deputy Speaker . Lindsay . Dentlinger . Eytewitness News . 14 June 2024 . 14 June 2024 . 14 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240614184053/https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/06/14/das-lotriet-pitted-against-atms-zungula-for-deputy-speaker. live.
  175. News: Former Presiding Officers . 14 June 2024 . 19 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240519142546/https://www.parliament.gov.za/former-presiding-officers. live.
  176. News: South African parties agree on Cabinet positions, sealing deal on new coalition government . 1 July 2024 . Associated Press.
  177. Web site: 14 May 2024 . ANNOUNCEMENTS, TABLINGS AND COMMITTEE REPORTS . 31 July 2024 . Parliament of South Africa.
  178. News: Greg. Ardé. Inkatha Freedom Party's Thami Ntuli is voted in as KwaZulu-Natal's new premier. 2024-06-14. Daily Maverick. 2024-06-14. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614190011/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-06-14-inkatha-freedom-partys-thami-ntuli-is-voted-in-as-kwazulu-natals-new-premier/. live.
  179. News: Nqobile . Dludla . South Africa's KZN province elects IFP member as premier in setback for Zuma . 2024-06-14 . Reuters . 2024-06-14.
  180. News: COALITION NATION: New KZN premier Ntuli to appoint cabinet in four days, promises to fight poverty . News24 . 14 June 2024 . 14 June 2024 . 15 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240615064236/https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/coalition-nation-ifps-ntuli-elected-as-kzn-premier-20240614 . live .
  181. News: New KZN Premier Thami Ntuli announces coalition cabinet during inauguration address. Velani. Ludidi. Daily Maverick. 18 June 2024. 21 June 2024.
  182. News: IFP's Thami Ntuli elected as new KZN Premier. Minoahni. Pilay. SABC. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. 14 June 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240614190229/https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/kzn-premier/. live.
  183. News: 2 June 2024 . Former South Africa leader Zuma threatens legal action over allegations of election irregularities . 2 June 2024 . Associated Press. 1 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240601222033/https://apnews.com/article/south-africa-elections-zuma-objections-ead32e32fb549ef56574b0229ada6a05 . live .
  184. News: 2 June 2024 . South Africa's ANC to enter coalition talks after landmark election . 2 June 2024 . France 24.
  185. News: 3 June 2024 . South Africa president faces up to poor poll result . 3 June 2024 . BBC. 2 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602231938/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx99vww50y5o . live .
  186. News: South African political party led by Zuma seeks to halt parliament election of country's president . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611231843/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/south-african-political-party-led-zuma-seeks-halt-111027490 . 11 June 2024 . 12 June 2024.
  187. News: Zuma's party seeks to halt parliament election of country's president . 12 June 2024 . Africanews . 12 June 2024 . 12 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240612085150/https://www.africanews.com/2024/06/12/zumas-party-seeks-to-halt-parliament-election-of-countrys-president/ . live .
  188. Web site: South Africa political parties cobble together unity government as deadline to elect president looms . ABC News . 13 June 2024 . 13 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240613141022/https://abcnews.go.com/Business/wireStory/south-africa-political-parties-cobble-unity-government-deadline-111083179 . live .
  189. Web site: South Africa: MK Party MPs end boycott and take oath . . 26 June 2024 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2024 South African general election".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.