2024 Salvadoran general election explained
| Country: | El Salvador |
| Election Date: | 4 February 2024 |
| Opinion Polls: | Opinion polling for the 2024 Salvadoran general election |
| Registered: | 6,214,399 |
| Module: | | Embed: | yes | | Election Name: | Presidential election | | Type: | presidential | | Vote Type: | Popular | | Turnout: | 52.60% (0.72pp) | | Ongoing: | no | | Previous Election: | 2019 Salvadoran presidential election | | Previous Year: | 2019 | | Next Election: | 2029 Salvadoran presidential election | | Next Year: | 2029 | | Image1: | Presidente Bukele (cropped).jpg | | Candidate1: | Nayib Bukele | | Party1: | Nuevas Ideas | | Running Mate1: | Félix Ulloa | | Popular Vote1: | 2,701,725 | | Percentage1: | 84.65% | | Candidate2: | Manuel Flores | | Party2: | Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | | Running Mate2: | Werner Marroquín | | Popular Vote2: | 204,167 | | Percentage2: | 6.40% | | Image3: | Joel Sánchez (2023) (cropped).jpg | | Candidate3: | Joel Sánchez | | Party3: | Nationalist Republican Alliance | | Running Mate3: | Hilcia Bonilla | | Popular Vote3: | 177,881 | | Percentage3: | 5.57% | | President | | Before Election: | Nayib Bukele | | Before Party: | Nuevas Ideas | | Posttitle: | Elected President | | After Election: | Nayib Bukele | | After Party: | Nuevas Ideas | | Module: | | Embed: | yes | | Election Name: | Legislative election | | Type: | legislative | | Vote Type: | Popular | | Previous Election: | 2021 | | Next Election: | 2027 | | Outgoing Members: | Outgoing members | | Elected Members: | Elected members | | Seats For Election: | All 60 seats in the Legislative Assembly | | Majority Seats: | 31 | | Ongoing: | no | | Party1: | NI | | Percentage1: | 70.56 | | Seats1: | 54 | | Last Election1: | 56 | | Party2: | ARENA | | Leader2: | Carlos García Saade | | Percentage2: | 7.29 | | Seats2: | 2 | | Last Election2: | 14 | | Party3: | PCN | | Leader3: | Manuel Rodríguez | | Percentage3: | 3.26 | | Seats3: | 2 | | Last Election3: | 2 | | Party4: | PDC | | Leader4: | Reinaldo Carballo | | Percentage4: | 2.99 | | Seats4: | 1 | | Last Election4: | 1 | | Party5: | V | | Leader5: | Cesia Rivas | | Percentage5: | 2.94 | | Seats5: | 1 | | Last Election5: | 1 | | Results Sec: | Legislative Assembly results | | Map: | Elecciones legislativas de El Salvador de 2024 - Resultados por Departamento.svg | | President of the Legislative Assembly | | Before Election: | Ernesto Castro | | Before Party: | Nuevas Ideas |
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General elections were held in El Salvador on 4 February 2024 to elect the president, vice president and all 60 deputies of the Legislative Assembly. This was followed by a second set of elections on 3 March 2024 in which voters elected all 44 mayors and municipal councils of the country's municipalities and all 20 of El Salvador's deputies to the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).
The Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) allowed thirteen political parties to participate in the election. Seven parties presented presidential candidates; incumbent president Nayib Bukele ran for re-election with Nuevas Ideas, the political party he established in 2018, while the presidential candidates presented by the political opposition were Joel Sánchez of the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA), Manuel Flores of the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN), Luis Parada of Nuestro Tiempo, Javier Renderos of Solidary Force, and Marina Murillo of the Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity (FPS). Ten parties participated in the legislative elections, eleven in the municipal elections, and nine in the PARLACEN election. Opinion polling indicated significant leads for Nuevas Ideas in the presidential, legislative, and municipal elections, as well as high support for Bukele's re-election.
In September 2021, the Supreme Court of Justice ruled that the incumbent president could run for immediate re-election, overturning a 2014 ruling that reaffirmed that re-election was prohibited and despite the country's constitution prohibiting immediate re-election. In September 2022, Bukele officially announced that he was running for re-election. In June 2023, Bukele officially registered as a presidential candidate for Nuevas Ideas, and the following month, Nuevas Ideas formally confirmed Bukele as its presidential candidate. Various lawyers, journalists, and opposition politicians criticized Bukele's re-election bid as authoritarian and unconstitutional, while most Salvadorans—both inside and outside the country—remain highly supportive of his campaign. In October 2022, the Legislative Assembly passed a law which would allow Salvadoran expatriates to vote in the election. Several opposition politicians criticized the decision, claiming that it would lead to electoral fraud. In December 2022, Bukele suggested reducing the number of municipalities. In June 2023, he officially presented his proposals to the Legislative Assembly to reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44 and the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60; both proposals were approved by the Legislative Assembly that same month. The reductions were criticized by lawyers, economists, and opposition politicians as gerrymandering, undemocratic, and an attempt to consolidate the government's power.
On election day, Bukele declared himself the winner in the presidential election, declared Nuevas Ideas the winner in the legislative election, and various foreign media outlets called the election for Bukele. These declarations came before the TSE made an official statement regarding the final results as vote counting for both the presidential and legislative elections was delayed due to technical problems. On 9 February 2024, the TSE completed counting votes for the presidential election and officially declared Bukele the winner, having accumulated 84.65 percent of the popular vote in a landslide victory. On 18 February, the TSE completed counting votes for the legislative election; Nuevas Ideas won 54 of the Legislative Assembly's 60 seats. The political opposition issued two petitions the TSE to nullify the results of the legislative election citing irregularities and allegations of fraud, but the TSE dismissed both petitions. Nuevas Ideas won 28 municipalities, its allies won a further 15 municipalities, and the opposition won 1 municipality. The elected deputies, mayors, and municipal councils assumed office on 1 May, while Bukele and Ulloa assumed office on 1 June.
Political background
Presidency of Nayib Bukele
Nayib Bukele, the former mayor of San Salvador, won the 2019 Salvadoran presidential election with 53 percent of the vote. He ran under the banner of the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA), making him the first president since José Napoleón Duarte (1984–1989) to not be a member of one of the country's two largest political parties: the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) and the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN).[1] [2] Bukele's election is considered to be one of the most impactful events in Salvadoran political history, as many politicians and journalists described it as breaking the country's two-party system.[3]
Throughout his presidency, Bukele's government was described as authoritarian and autocratic,[4] resulting in what many journalists described as democratic backsliding.[5] His COVID-19 lockdowns were criticized when more than 4,200 people were arrested by the National Civil Police.[6] In February 2020, he was criticized for sending 40 soldiers into the Legislative Assembly to pressure lawmakers to approve a US$109 million loan to fund the Territorial Control Plan, a security program initiated by Bukele, in what critics described as an attempted coup d'état.[7] In September 2020, El Faro accused Bukele of negotiating with criminal gangs in the country, notably Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and the 18th Street gang, to lower crime rates. Bukele and his government denied those accusations.[8] [9] The United States government labeled various Bukele government officials as being corrupt.[10] In the 2021 legislative election, Nuevas Ideas, the political party Bukele established, won supermajorities[11] [12] in the Legislative Assembly, municipalities, and the Central American Parliament (PARLACEN).[13] [14] [15] The 13th session of the Legislative Assembly assumed office on 1 May 2021, and Ernesto Castro was elected as the president of the Legislative Assembly.[16] Following Castro's election, the 64 deputies representing Nuevas Ideas, GANA, the Christian Democratic Party (PDC), and the National Coalition Party (PCN) voted to remove Attorney General Raúl Melara and five Supreme Court justices from the constitutional court. A new attorney general and new justices were later appointed by Bukele in what had since been described as a self-coup.[17]
Following a spike in murders in March 2022, Bukele's government began a gang crackdown, referred to as a state of exception and a war against gangs, which had resulted in the reported arrests of over 75,163 alleged gang members by 11 January 2024[18] and 144 to 152 deaths in custody by 10 May 2023.[19] The crackdown, which has since been extended several times, has been accused of engaging in arbitrary arrests, torture, and human rights abuses by organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.[20] [21] On 3 January 2023, Minister of Defense René Merino Monroy announced that 496 homicides were registered in 2022, a decrease from 1,147 homicides in 2021; Merino attributed the decrease to the gang crackdown.[22] Politicians from ARENA, the FMLN, and Nuestro Tiempo described the crackdown as a political and electoral strategy to support the government and intimidate the opposition.[23]
Despite controversies and negative press coverage, Bukele remains extremely popular with approval ratings consistently hovering between 80 and 90percent.[24] [25] He is considered to be one of the most popular presidents in El Salvador's history,[26] as well as one of the most popular incumbent Latin American heads of state.[27] [28]
Presidential re-election controversy
See also: Continuismo. On 3 September 2021, the Supreme Court of Justice ruled that the president of El Salvador is eligible to run for re-election consecutively, discarding a 2014 ruling that required presidents to wait ten years before running for re-election. The 2021 court ruling made Bukele eligible to run for president in 2024.[29] Despite protests from ARENA and the FMLN, the Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) accepted the Supreme Court's ruling.[30] Chargé d'Affaires Jean Elizabeth Manes compared the path the Salvadoran government was taking to that of Venezuela under Hugo Chávez.[31] On 1 March 2023, four of the five members of the Supreme Court's Constitutional Chamber confirmed that presidential re-election is allowed.[32]
During a speech on the country's 201st anniversary of independence from Spain on 15 September 2022, Bukele officially announced his re-election campaign[33] despite having previously voiced his opposition to immediate re-election both before and during his presidency.[34] Bukele justified his re-election bid by arguing that most developed countries allow re-election; he read a list of 39 countries considered to be developed by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and stated that all the countries on the list except for South Korea allowed re-election.[35] He also claimed that restrictions on re-election only exists in Third World countries.[36] According to Bukele, a developed country criticizing his announcement would be hypocritical. On 25 June 2023, Bukele officially registered his pre-candidacy for the presidency with Nuevas Ideas,[37] and on 9 July, Nuevas Ideas officially elected Bukele as its presidential candidate.[38]
If Bukele wins re-election, he would be the first person since Brigadier General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez (in office 1931–1934 and 1935–1944) to be re-elected and serve multiple terms as president.[39] [40] Additionally, he was the first president since Antonio Saca (served 2004–2009) to seek re-election.[41] Bukele has been compared to Juan Orlando Hernández in Honduras and Daniel Ortega in Nicaragua, who used the Supreme Court and constitutional reforms, respectively, in their own countries to allow themselves to run for re-election.[42] [43] According to a poll conducted by the Francisco Gavidia University (UFG) in October 2022, 76 percent of respondents believed that if Bukele were re-elected in 2024, he would run for a third term in the 2029 presidential election.[44] Bukele has implicitly denied that he would run for a third term, stating that he would "not seek ... indefinite re-election" ("Spanish; Castilian: no busca ... reelección indefinida"), adding that he was "only authorized to run for a second term" ("Spanish; Castilian: solo estoy autorizado para correr por un segundo período").[45]
Criticism and opposition to re-election
Bukele's announcement that he was running for re-election was criticized by constitutional lawyers, who said his re-election would be unconstitutional and in violation of at least four articles of El Salvador's constitution.[46] [47] Following Bukele's registration as a presidential pre-candidate, Eduardo Escobar, the executive director of the Citizen Action non-governmental organization, stated that "everything is unconstitutional and they are only trying to give a face of legitimacy to everything with these gimmicks" ("Spanish; Castilian: todo es inconstitucional y solo están tratando de darle una cara de legitimidad a todo con estos artilugios").[48] Manuel Flores, then a presidential pre-candidate of the FMLN, stated that "the law is the law [and] the law says that there is no re-election" ("Spanish; Castilian: la ley es la ley [y] la ley dice que no hay reelección"), adding that the constitution is "clear" ("Spanish; Castilian: clara") in prohibiting re-election.[49] Citizen Resistance politician Rubén Zamora stated that the Legislative Assembly had to suspend Bukele's rights as a Salvadoran citizen in accordance with the constitution for registering as a pre-candidate for presidential re-election.[50] Both Zamora and Claudia Ortiz, a deputy from Vamos, argued that immediate re-election is prohibited by articles 75, 88, 131, 152, 154, and 248 of the country's constitution.[51]
On 1 May 2023, 36 left-wing organizations—including the FMLN and Nuestro Tiempo—held a protest march in commemoration of International Workers' Day against Bukele's re-election campaign and the gang crackdown.[52] The protesters also demanded an increase of minimum wage from US$365 to US$500, the respect of workers' rights, and the release of innocent people captured during the gang crackdown.[53] [54] On 15 September, various organizations and civil movements held another protest march against re-election. The march traveled from the Rosales Hospital to the Plaza Gerardo Barrios.[55] According to Francisco Omar Parada, a spokesman for the Resistance and Popular Rebellion Bloc, the march protested presidential re-election, the reductions of municipalities and seats on the Legislative Assembly, the "destruction" ("Spanish; Castilian: destrucción") of democratic institutions, and the "illegal control" ("Spanish; Castilian: control ilegal") exerted by the presidency, the judiciary, the office of the attorney general, and other state institutions.[56] The presidential candidates for ARENA, the FMLN, and Nuestro Tiempo participated in the protest, as did various opposition deputies of the Legislative Assembly.
In October and November 2023, a total of ten formal requests were submitted to the TSE calling for the body to not register Bukele's presidential candidacy or void his candidacy after he initiated the registration process. These requests were filed by Nuestro Tiempo, ARENA, and various non-government organizations.[57] On 9 November, the TSE reaffirmed that Bukele's candidacy was legal and dismissed all the petitions to void his candidacy.[58]
Vice President Félix Ulloa, who supports Bukele's re-election bid, had suggested that Bukele should seek a leave of absence or express permission from the Supreme Court six months before the election.[59] In April 2023, Ulloa stated that Bukele was seeking a "second mandate" ("Spanish; Castilian: segundo mandato") rather than re-election, adding that while immediate re-election was prohibited by the constitution, a second mandate was not.[60] Some politicians, including Ulloa, also suggested that Bukele should resign six months before the election to be able to legally pursue re-election, but according to constitutional lawyer Enrique Anaya, resignation would remove Bukele's legal immunity and allow him to be prosecuted for alleged corruption and human rights violations,[61] while other constitutional lawyers state that his re-election campaign would be unconstitutional regardless.[62] Ulloa and Nuevas Ideas deputy Christian Guevara stated that both Bukele and Ulloa would resign before 1 December 2023, six months before their second inauguration should they win re-election, and that a successor would be designated as president.[63] On 28 November, Bukele announced he would ask for a leave of absence from the Legislative Assembly on 1 December to relieve him of his duties as president in order to focus on his presidential election campaign.[64] Bukele was granted a leave of absence on 30 November and Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara, his private secretary, was named as presidential designee;[65] she assumed office the following day and her appointment was criticized as unconstitutional by analysts and lawyers.[66] [67] [68]
Allegations of fraud
On 18 January 2023, the Legislative Assembly passed a resolution to increase the criminal penalty for electoral fraud to 15–20 years in prison, higher than the previous penalty of 4–6 years. Additionally, if the individual was a gang member, the penalty was increased further to 20–30 years imprisonment.[69] On 16 February, the Legislative Assembly passed a law making it illegal to impede the registration process for electoral candidates. According to the updated penal code, impeding a candidate's registration process is legally considered electoral fraud and would result in 6–20 years imprisonment.[70] Lawyers and electoral experts alleged that the updated law would be used against those who opposed Bukele's re-election campaign; Eduardo Escobar and Ruth Eleonora López, the chief of Cristosal's anti-corruption committee, claimed that it was intimidation and a threat.[71]
In addition to the (DUI; the primary identity document for Salvadorans), TSE magistrates and Dora Martínez de Barahona suggested using biometrics, specifically fingerprinting, to ensure election security.[72] [73] The Office for the Defense of Human Rights, a Salvadoran governmental agency, was an observer for the 2024 elections.[74] In March 2023, Votante, a voter's initiative created by five Salvadoran civil society organizations, petitioned the TSE to allow the United Nations, the Organization of American States (OAS), and the European Union (EU) to monitor the elections.[75] On 26 March, the TSE began the process of accepting international observers to monitor the election.[76] The TSE expected that almost 5,800 national and international observers would monitor the election. In September 2023, the TSE officially offered the OAS and the EU to monitor the 2024 election process;[77] the OAS accepted the TSE's offer while the EU stated that it would support the electoral process.[78] Isabel Saint Malo, a former vice president of Panama, was the head of the OAS election observation mission.[79] In October 2023, the TSE announced that it had signed an agreement with Mexico's Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education to audit the expatriate electronic voting process[80] and another agreement with CGTS Corp. Inc. to audit both the expatriate electronic voting process and the expatriate electoral registry.[81]
On 18 October 2022, the Legislative Assembly passed the Special Law for the Exercise of Suffrage Abroad, which allowed Salvadorans living outside of the country to vote electronically in the presidential and legislative elections, but not the municipal or PARLACEN elections.[82] [83] The TSE announced on 17 November 2022 that it would guarantee the right of Salvadorans abroad to vote in the 2024 election.[84] [85] According to the TSE, a total of 685,026 Salvadoran expatriates in 53 countries were eligible to vote .[86] Under the electoral law, their votes would be counted as part of San Salvador Department.[87] Some opposition figures claimed that the law would lead to voter fraud,[88] [89] [90] while Castro rejected the notion that fraud would occur in the expatriate voting process.[91]
As per the Law of Political Parties, the TSE did not monitor the political parties' primary elections for irregularities.[92] In June 2023, some members of Nuevas Ideas claimed that there were irregularities present in the party's primary elections. They criticized that the party was presenting single-candidate primaries and promoting Bukele's family members for municipal races.[93] On 1 July, Nuevas Ideas' National Electoral Commission announced that it would open an internal investigation process to guarantee that the party's statutes and regulations were followed and that those who attempted to manipulate the electoral process would be punished and turned over to the country's legal system.[94] On 31 July, Nuevas Ideas suspended the legislative candidacy of Rebeca Santos after videos surfaced allegedly showing Santos' staffers soliciting party members for codes to vote in her favor.[95] On 30 June 2023, Mayra Zetino, the mayor of Sacacoyo and a member of GANA, announced her departure from GANA, claiming that there was a lack of transparency and low confidence in the party's primary election process.[96] Guillermo Gallegos, the vice president of GANA and a deputy of the Legislative Assembly, responded to Zetino's announcement by stating that there were no irregularities within the party.[97]
According to an opinion poll conducted by UFG in May and June 2023, 62.8 percent of Salvadorans believed the elections would be "clean and transparent" ("Spanish; Castilian: limpias y transparentes"), 25 percent had doubts about the election's legitimacy, and 9.7 percent believed there would be fraud.[98] A poll conducted by the Central American University in November 2023 found that 45.2 percent of Salvadorans believed that the elections would be "clean" ("Spanish; Castilian: limpias") while 31.5 percent believed there would be fraud.[99]
Reduction of municipalities and legislative seats
Initial proposals, support, and criticism
On 30 December 2022, Bukele tweeted that he believed the country's 262 municipalities should be reduced to only 50, claiming that it was "absurd that 21,000 km2 are divided into 262 municipalities" ("Spanish; Castilian: absurdo que 21,000 kms<sup>2</sup> estén divididos en 262 alcaldías").[100] Various economists, lawyers, and politicians argued that the proposed reduction was an attempt to consolidate power through gerrymandering,[101] would grant Nuevas Ideas an electoral advantage,[102] and would lead to data manipulation to favor the government.[103] Eugenio Chicas, a former magistrate of the TSE, denounced the idea, claiming that it was a part of Bukele's "political vision" ("Spanish; Castilian: visión política") to consolidate a military dictatorship.[104]
Gallegos expressed his support for Bukele's proposal, adding that he believed the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly should also be reduced.[105] Ulloa supported reducing the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly and suggested decreasing it from 84 to 50 seats.[106] In February 2023, Castro confirmed that Nuevas Ideas was considering reducing the number of deputies in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 64 and the number of municipalities from 252 to 50.[107]
John Wright, a deputy of Nuestro Tiempo, described the proposal to reduce the number of deputies as "extremely irresponsible" ("Spanish; Castilian: extremadamente irresponsable") for occurring within one year of the election.[108] Claudia Ortiz criticized the announcement, stating the proposed reforms could help Nuevas Ideas form a one-party state. She also argued that the time to make electoral reforms had passed and that the changes would be in violation of the electoral code, referring to Article 291-A, which prohibits electoral reforms up to one year before an election.[109] On 15 March 2023, the Legislative Assembly voted to repeal Article 291-A[110] which ARENA deputy René Portillo Cuadra described as unconstitutional.[111] and the Washington Office on Latin America, a U.S. non-governmental organization, described as "the latest backstep in the country".[112]
In February 2023, GANA deputy Numan Salgado claimed that the country's population would support the reductions of deputies and municipalities. According to a poll conducted by the Francisco Gavidia University that month, around 48.5 percent of Salvadorans erroneously believed that El Salvador was already divided into only 50 municipalities.[113] According to a poll conducted by Fundaungo in March 2023, 48.8 percent of Salvadorans supported reducing the number of municipalities, while 44.2 opposed it. Meanwhile, 80.2 percent supported reducing the number of legislative seats, while only 16.4 opposed it.[114] A May 2023 poll conducted by UFG found that 66.4 percent supported the reduction of municipalities while 39.4 percent opposed it.[115] A later poll conducted by Fundaungo in September 2023 found that 66.9 percent of Salvadorans supported the reduction of municipalities while 27.4 percent opposed it.[116]
Approval by the Legislative Assembly
During a speech celebrating his fourth year in office on 1 June 2023, Bukele formally proposed legislation to reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44 and the number of seats in the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60.[117] Regarding the municipal reduction, he stated that the present municipalities would be transformed into districts, adding that municipal employees would keep their jobs and that communities would still be able to celebrate their local traditions and customs. Bukele argued that the reduction would also reduce the budgetary burden on the municipalities, make a "more equitable" ("Spanish; Castilian: más equitativa") distribution of taxation possible, and make electing and auditing mayors easier.[118] [119] Regarding the legislative reduction, he stated that the number of seats would return to the number that were present before the signing of the Chapultepec Peace Accords in 1992. He criticized opposition politicians, stating "this Assembly once had 60 deputies, it did not occur to this Government, that those in the corner do not like this announcement because ARENA and the FMLN in that farce they signed added 24 more deputies and it was the only thing that they completed in those 'peace accords'" ("Spanish; Castilian: esta Asamblea tenía 60 diputados, no se nos ocurrió en este Gobierno, a esos de la esquina no les gusta este anuncio porque ARENA y el FMLN en esa farsa que firmaron añadieron a 24 diputados más y fue lo único que cumplieron en esos 'acuerdos de paz'").[120]
Results of the reductions by department| Department | Legislative Assembly[121] | Municipalities[122] |
|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | 2021 | data-sort-type="number" | 2024 | +/– | data-sort-type="number" | 2021 | data-sort-type="number" | 2024 | +/– |
|---|
| 4 | 3 | 1 | 12 | 3 | 9 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 7 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 33 | 3 | 30 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 16 | 2 | 14 |
| 10 | 7 | 3 | 22 | 6 | 16 |
| 4 | 3 | 1 | 22 | 3 | 19 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 18 | 2 | 16 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 26 | 2 | 24 |
| 6 | 5 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 17 |
| 24 | 16 | 8 | 19 | 5 | 14 |
| 3 | 2 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 11 |
| 7 | 5 | 2 | 13 | 4 | 9 |
| 6 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 4 | 12 |
| 5 | 4 | 1 | 23 | 3 | 20 |
| Total | 84 | 60 | 24 | 262 | 44 | 218 | |
|---|
ARENA stated that the reductions were a "tactic to swing the electoral field in their [Nuevas Ideas'] favor" ("Spanish; Castilian: táctica para inclinar la cancha electoral a su favor").[123] Claudia Ortiz stated that the reduction of municipalities was to benefit Nuevas Ideas' mayors who had done a "very bad job" ("Spanish; Castilian: trabajo muy malo") since their election in 2021. Marleni Funes, a deputy of the FMLN, claimed that Bukele wants to guarantee his grip on power and that every Salvadoran knows that fewer resources would arrive when the municipalities were reduced.[124] Óscar Ortiz, the secretary-general of the FMLN, described the proposals as "institutional fraud" ("Spanish; Castilian: fraude institucional") for occurring during the lead up to the 2024 election.[125]
On 7 June 2023, the Legislative Assembly approved the proposal to reduce the Legislative Assembly from 84 to 60 seats. Anabel Belloso, a deputy of the FMLN, claimed that the purpose of the legislative reduction was to "continue concentrating power", and other opposition figures argued that the reduction would diminish the political participation of smaller parties.[126] [127] Contrarily, GANA deputy Romeo Aüerbach denied that the reductions would affect the representation of smaller parties. Claudia Ortiz and ARENA deputy César Reyes claimed that the reduction were to assure and concentrate more power for Nuevas Ideas.[128]
On 13 June 2023, the Legislative Assembly approved the proposal to reduce the number of municipalities from 262 to 44, with the proposal stipulating that the reductions would go into effect on 1 May 2024. López described the process of reducing municipalities as having been conducted in an "arbitrary and whimsical" ("Spanish; Castilian: arbitraria y antojadiza") manner, and argued that the reductions would distance the municipal governments from the people they govern.[129] Portillo Cuadra described the reductions as "counterproductive" ("Spanish; Castilian: contraproducente") as it would assign mayors to oversee more people in each municipality. Wright claimed that the reductions would concentrate power to fewer people and that municipal representation was becoming "less democratic" ("Spanish; Castilian: menos democrático").[130] He claimed that the municipal reductions were electoral objectives rather than a desire to promote development or save money, questioning the lack of studies conducted to determine that the 262 municipalities should be reduced to 44. In response to the opposition's criticism, Castro claimed that the political opposition was becoming desperate because the country was returning to a "fair system" ("Spanish; Castilian: sistema justo").[131]
Electoral system
Election procedure
General elections were scheduled to be held in El Salvador five years after the 2019 presidential election and three years after the 2021 legislative election.[132] The president, vice president, 60 deputies of the Legislative Assembly, 44 mayors and municipal councils of the country's municipalities (second-level subdivisions), and 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected through a popular vote. The constitution of El Salvador mandated that the election would be "free, direct, equal and secret".[133] On 11 August 2022, the Supreme Electoral Court announced that the elections for the presidency, vice presidency, and the Legislative Assembly were held on Sunday, 4 February 2024, and that the elections for the 44 municipalities and the Central American Parliament were held on Sunday, 3 March 2024; had a second presidential round been necessary, it would have occurred on 3 March.[134] Voting was held from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central Standard Time.[135]
In the presidential election, a candidate needs an absolute majority (50%+1) to be declared the winner of the election. Had no candidate received an absolute majority, a second round between the two candidates with the most valid votes would have occurred within thirty days of the first round.[136] Deputies of the Legislative Assembly were elected by the D'Hondt method, which was changed in June 2023 from the hare quota largest remainders method used in previous elections.[137] Meanwhile, mayors and municipal council members and deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected by open list proportional representation. The 60 deputies of the Legislative Assembly were elected in 14 constituencies for the country's 14 departments (first-level subdivisions), the 44 mayors and municipal councils were elected in one constituency each, and the 20 deputies of the Central American Parliament were elected from one nationwide constituency.
Presidential and vice presidential candidates must be at least 30 years old, legislative candidates must be at least 25 years old, and municipal candidates must be at least 21 years old. All candidates must be Salvadoran citizens by birth.[138] Per article 38 of the Law of Political Parties, at least 30 percent of a party's total candidates for the legislative, municipal, and PARLACEN elections must be women.[139] In addition to the 60 deputies elected to the Legislative Assembly and the 20 deputies elected to PARLACEN (referred to as proprietary deputies), an additional 60 substitute deputies were elected to the Legislative Assembly and 20 substitute deputies were elected to PARLACEN. Voters in each of the 44 municipalities elected 1 mayor and a varying number of members to the municipal council. Each municipal council consisted of 1 trustee, 4 proprietary aldermen, and 4 substitute alderman, however, two municipalities elected 8 proprietary alderman and two more elected 10 proprietary alderman due to those municipalities' larger size. In total, 624 people were elected to hold public office in the 2024 elections, a decrease from 3,206 in 2021.[140]
A total of 1,595 voting centers were available across the country.[141] Voting was not compulsory.[142] Electronic voting for Salvadoran expatriates began at midnight on 6 January 2024.[143] Expatriates were able to vote at 81 voting centers in 60 of the country's embassies and consulates[144] in 30 countries; 42 eligible voters in 22 countries were unable to vote.[145] The designs for all four ballots—presidential, legislative, municipal, and PARLACEN—were finalized on 6 December 2023.[146]
Election financing
In December 2022, TSE magistrate Noel Orellana estimated that it would cost between US$25 and 30 million to finance the expatriate vote for the 2024 election,[147] but later revised the estimate to US$120 million.[148] In February 2023, the TSE announced that the expatriate vote would cost US$70.6 million and the national election would cost US$89 million, for a total cost of US$159.7 million for the 2024 election.[149] In March 2023, the TSE reduced its estimate to US$129.3 million and formally requested that amount from the Legislative Assembly.[150] The Legislative Assembly approved the TSE's request on 15 March 2023,[151] making the 2024 election the most expensive election in Salvadoran history.[152]
On 10 June 2023, the TSE announced that it came to an agreement with El Salvador Products and Services Exchange (BOLPROS) regarding procurement procedures for the election.[153] On 20 June, the TSE announced that it had signed an agreement with the National Charity Lottery (LNB) regarding the verification of financial information of political parties. Through the agreement, the TSE was able to contrast the financial information presented by the political parties, with the data handled by the LNB.[154] On 29 June, the TSE announced that it had contracted Indra Solutions to implement electronic voting.[155]
Political parties
Political parties must be registered with the TSE to be able to participate in elections. The following table shows the thirteen political parties which were eligible to participate in the 2024 election.
Additionally, various civil movements attempted to register with the TSE to gain political party status and to run in the 2024 election. Such civil movements included Citizen Power, the Authentic Republican Movement, the Authentic Salvadoran Movement (MAS), We Shall Construct a New El Salvador, the Salvadoran Veteran Party, Somos, and i.[157] [158] [159] [160] Citizen Power announced its primary elections in March 2023, but the TSE disregarded the announcement as invalid as they were not registered to participate in the 2024 election.[161] In mid-April 2023, the party turned in 50,000 signatures to the TSE to be registered as a political party.[162] MAS abandoned its efforts to register in early-April 2023.[163] In late-2022, Paul Monroy, the leader of i, announced the movement abandoned its efforts to register with the TSE.[164]
Registered voters
Salvadoran citizens over the age of 18 living in El Salvador had until 7 August 2023 to register to vote,[165] while those living outside of the country had until 5 November 2023 to register.[166] Salvadorans in the country had until 3 April 2023 to change their address of residency on their Unique Identity Document, while those living abroad had until 5 November 2023.[167] Guillermo Wellman, a magistrate of the TSE, has stated that individuals arrested during the country's gang crackdown would be ineligible to vote.[168] In the legislative election, votes cast from outside of the country were counted towards selecting deputies in the department of San Salvador.[169] There were a total of 6,214,399 registered voters.
Presidency
Registered candidates
Six political parties had their 2024 presidential and vice presidential candidates officially registered by the TSE.
| Party | Candidate | Running mate | Date nominated | Date registered | |
|---|
| data-sort-value="Nuevas Ideas" | Nuevas Ideas | | data-sort-value="Bukele, Nayib" style="line-height:1.0" | Nayib Bukele
| | data-sort-value="Ulloa, Felix" style="line-height:1.0" | Félix Ulloa
| data-sort-value="2023-07-09" | 9 July 2023 | data-sort-value="2023-11-03" | 3 November 2023 | [170] [171] |
| data-sort-value="Nationalist Republican Alliance" | Nationalist
Republican
Alliance | | data-sort-value="Sanchez, Joel" | Joel Sánchez | | data-sort-value="Bonilla, Hilcia" | Hilcia Bonilla | data-sort-value="2023-07-16" | 16 July 2023 | 9 November 2023 | [172] [173] |
| data-sort-value="Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front" | Farabundo Martí
National Liberation
Front | | data-sort-value="Flores, Manuel" style="line-height:1.0" | Manuel Flores
| | data-sort-value="Marroquin, Werner" | Werner Marroquín | data-sort-value="2023-07-16" | 16 July 2023 | data-sort-value="2023-11-03" | 3 November 2023 | [174] |
| data-sort-value="Nuestro Tiempo" | Nuestro Tiempo | | data-sort-value="Parada, Luis" | Luis Parada | | data-sort-value="Medrano, Celia" | | data-sort-value="2023-07-15" | 15 July 2023 | 9 November 2023 | [175] |
| data-sort-value="Solidary Force" | Solidary Force | | data-sort-value="Renderos, Javier " | Javier Renderos | | data-sort-value="Montalvo, Rafael" | Rafael Montalvo | data-sort-value="2023-07-24" | 24 July 2023 | 9 November 2023 | [176] |
| data-sort-value="Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity" | Salvadoran
Patriotic
Fraternity | | data-sort-value="Murillo, Marina" | Marina Murillo | | data-sort-value="Carranza, Fausto" | Fausto Carranza | data-sort-value="2023-08-27" | 27 August 2023 | 9 November 2023 | [177] | |
Rejected candidates
One party has had its presidential and vice presidential candidates rejected by the TSE.
Withdrawn candidates
- Gerardo Awad, 2019 ARENA presidential pre-candidate[179]
- Jaime Zavaleta[180]
Declined candidates
Parliament
See also: List of members of the XIII Legislative Assembly of El Salvador and 2021 Salvadoran legislative election.
Nuevas Ideas held a majority in the 13th Legislative Assembly; GANA, the PDC, and the PCN supported Nuevas Ideas' government. The opposition consisted of ARENA, the FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, and Vamos.[183] Within the Central American Parliament, the fifteen deputies from Nuevas Ideas and GANA belong to the Center-Democratic Integration Group, the four deputies from ARENA and the PCN belong to the Integrationist Democratic Unity, and the sole FMLN deputy belongs to the Parliamentary Group of the Left.[184]
In the years following the 2021 legislative election, three deputies and twenty-two mayors from ARENA had left the party and become independents, as had eleven mayors from the FMLN, and one deputy and two mayors from GANA.[185]
Retiring deputies
Eighteen deputies elected to the Legislative Assembly in 2021 did not running for re-election in 2024 due to them choosing to run for another office, being eliminated during their party's primary elections, being suspended by their party prior to the election, or them choosing to not seek public office in 2024.
| Party | Retiring deputy | Department | Serving since | |
|---|
| Nationalist Republican Alliance | data-sort-value="Romero Rodriguez, Alberto Armando" | Alberto Armando Romero Rodríguez | data-sort-value="Cuscatlan" | Cuscatlán | data-sort-value="2006-05-01" | 1 May 2006 | [186] |
| data-sort-value="Avila Aviles, Rodrigo" | Rodrigo Ávila Avilés | data-sort-value="La Libertad" | La Libertad | data-sort-value="2015-05-01" | 1 May 2015 | [187] |
| data-sort-value="Escobar Lopez, Ana Maria Margarita" | Ana María Margarita Escobar López | San Salvador | data-sort-value="2009-05-01" | 1 May 2009 | |
| data-sort-value="Portillo Cuadra, Rene Alfredo" | René Alfredo Portillo Cuadra | 1 May 2015 | [188] |
| data-sort-value="Palomo Nieto, Jose Javier" | José Javier Palomo Nieto | data-sort-value="Santa Ana" | Santa Ana | |
| Nuevas Ideas | data-sort-value="Ayala Nerio, Rodil Amilcar" | Rodil Amílcar Ayala Nerio | data-sort-value="Cabanas" rowspan="2" | Cabañas | 1 May 2021 | [189] |
| data-sort-value="Garcia Torres, Jose Ilofio" | José Ilofio García Torres | [190] |
| data-sort-value="Garcia Salguero, Erick Alfredo" | Erick Alfredo García Salguero | data-sort-value="La Libertad" rowspan="2" | La Libertad | [191] |
| data-sort-value="Santos de Gonzalez, Rebeca Aracely" | Rebeca Aracely Santos de González |
| data-sort-value="Pineda Erazo, Marcela Balbina" | Marcela Balbina Pineda Erazo | data-sort-value="La Paz" | La Paz | |
| data-sort-value="Serpas Ibarra, Edwin Antonio" | Edwin Antonio Serpas Ibarra | data-sort-value="La Unión" | La Unión |
| data-sort-value="Bruch Cornejo, Carlos Hermann" | Carlos Hermann Bruch Cornejo | San Salvador |
| data-sort-value="Hernandez Gonzalez, Iris Ivonne" | Iris Ivonne Hernández González |
| data-sort-value="Mencia Diaz, Aronnette Rebeca" | Aronnette Rebeca Mencía Díaz |
| data-sort-value="Urbina Alvarenga, José Asunción" | José Asunción Urbina Alvarenga |
| data-sort-value="Aguilar Soriano, Gerardo Balmore" | Gerardo Balmore Aguilar Soriano | data-sort-value="San Vicente" | San Vicente |
| data-sort-value="Castro Valle, Jorge Alberto" | Jorge Alberto Castro Valle | data-sort-value="Santa Ana" | Santa Ana |
| Nuestro Tiempo | data-sort-value="Wright Sol, John Tennant" | John Tennant Wright Sol | data-sort-value="San Salvador" | San Salvador | [192] | |
Electoral campaign
The TSE mandated that the parties had to announce their primary elections by 5 March 2023.[193] The TSE initially mandated that the parties had hold their primary elections by 5 July 2023,[194] but after the Legislative Assembly voted to reduce the number of municipalities in June 2023, the TSE delayed the deadline to hold primary elections until 20 July 2023.[195] Political parties had until 7 August 2023 to register presidential and legislative coalitions. Parties had until 4 September 2023 to form municipal and PARLACEN coalitions.[196] In total, there were 7 presidential candidates, 7 vice presidential candidates, 313 legislative candidates, 202 municipal candidates, and 80 PARLACEN candidates.[197] According to Citizen Action, only 67,415—or 26.4 percent—of registered political party members voted in the country's primary elections, the lowest percentage since the organization has been keeping track of this statistic since the 2015 primary elections.[198]
The TSE regulated campaigning on Facebook, TikTok, Twitter, and Instagram,[199] but it did not regulate campaigning outside of the country.[200] The following table lists the electoral registration and campaigning periods as defined by the TSE.
| Election type | Registration period[201] | Campaign period[202] | Election date |
|---|
| President and Vice President | 7 September 2023 – 26 October 2023 | 3 October 2023 – 31 January 2024 | 4 February 2024 |
| Legislative Assembly deputies | 3 December 2023 – 31 January 2024 |
| PARLACEN deputies | 7 September 2023 – 23 November 2023 | 2 January 2023 – 28 February 2024 | 3 March 2024 |
| Municipal mayors and councils | 16 October 2023 – 23 November 2023 | 5 February 2024 – 28 February 2024 | |
Prior to the beginning of the campaign period, some Nuevas Ideas politicians began to promote their electoral campaigns on Twitter and others purchased online advertising through Google Ads. López criticized the campaigns as illegal by arguing they violated article 172 of the electoral code.[203] Legal experts and opposition politicians also accused Nuevas Ideas of "promoting the figure of Nayib Bukele" ("Spanish; Castilian: promover la figura de Nayib Bukele") ahead of the 3 October 2023 campaigning period for presidential candidates, and called on the TSE to take action against the supposed early campaigns being undertaken by Nuevas Ideas.[204] In October 2023, the TSE stated that it was investigating 20 to 25 cases of early campaigns.[205] On 4 February 2024, four days after the beginning of a period of election silence, Bukele called upon voters to vote for him; ARENA criticized Bukele's call to voters, denouncing what the party described as "disrespectful to the Constitution and the law" ("Spanish; Castilian: irrespeto a la Constitución y a la ley").[206]
Nuevas Ideas
In February 2023, Castro stated that Nuevas Ideas aimed to win 70 seats in the Legislative Assembly and that the party did not intend to join a coalition with any other party.[207] Following the reduction of municipalities and legislative seats, Castro stated that Nuevas Ideas expected to win all 44 municipalities and all 60 seats in the Legislative Assembly.[208] Castro's revised projections were criticized by opposition leaders; Claudia Ortiz described the projections as "undemocratic" ("Spanish; Castilian: antidemocrática"), Wright claimed that Nuevas Ideas was "consolidating a dictatorship" ("Spanish; Castilian: consolidando es una dictadura"), and Belloso stated that the party was seeking to "concentrate power" ("Spanish; Castilian: concentrar el poder").[209]
Nuevas Ideas deputies held events in the U.S. to meet Salvadoran expatriates and support Bukele's re-election campaign. Eduardo Escobar claimed the events were illegal according to the constitution's rules about the promotion of candidates.[210] Nuevas Ideas held such events in Houston,[211] Los Angeles,[212] New York City,[213] Uniondale,[214] and Washington, D.C.[215] When Bukele gave a speech to the Legislative Assembly to celebrate his fourth year in office on 1 June 2023, a group of Bukele's supporters were present inside the Legislative Assembly. They held signs with "#Nayib2024" written on them and banners supporting Bukele's re-election. The supporters also cheered for Bukele and the Nuevas Ideas deputies, booed deputies from the opposition, and yelled chants supportive of re-election.[216]
On 25 June 2023, Bukele and Ulloa officially registered their pre-candidacies with Nuevas Ideas for president and vice president, respectively. In a tweet announcing their registrations, Nuevas Ideas stated that "New Ideas are invincible". The party originally scheduled its primary elections for 2 July,[217] but after the reduction of the municipalities was approved, the party delayed its primaries until 9 July.[218] According to Castro, the majority of Nuevas Ideas deputies were seeking re-election.[219] On 9 July, Nuevas Ideas formalized Bukele and Ulloa's presidential and vice presidential campaigns.[220] They ran unopposed and won 44,398 votes.[221] During the primaries, 60 legislative candidates, 44 municipal candidates,[222] and 20 PARLACEN candidates were also confirmed.[223] Nuevas Ideas formed one municipal coalition with GANA for San Miguel Centro and two municipal coalitions with Democratic Change for Sonsonate Oeste and Santa Ana Norte.[224]
Nuevas Ideas began the process to register its 60 legislative candidates and 20 PARLACEN candidates with the TSE on 20 October 2023,[225] meanwhile, Bukele registered his candidacy with the TSE on 26 October, the last possible day to do so.[226] After Bukele initiated the registration process, he addressed a crowd of supporters outside the TSE building who were chanting phrases such as "five more [years] ("Spanish; Castilian: cinco más [años]"), "re-election" ("Spanish; Castilian: reelección"), and "not one step back" ("Spanish; Castilian: ni un paso atrás").[227] The TSE officially Bukele and Ulloa's candidacies on 3 November, the legislative candidates by 21 November, and the PARLACEN candidates by 8 January 2024.[228]
Bukele has called on his supporters to win a three-fourths majority for Nuevas Ideas in the Legislative Assembly in order to allow him to maintain the gang crackdown during his second term.[229] In a video message, Bukele claimed that if Nuevas Ideas lost only one seat, the opposition would "liberate the gang members and use them to rise to power" ("Spanish; Castilian: liberar a los pandilleros y ocuparlos para llegar al poder"),[230] although opposition politicians have denied such claims.[231] [232] In a message posted on social media, Bukele claimed that people who continue to believe in and vote for the opposition "does not see, because they do not want to see; they will not change" ("Spanish; Castilian: no ve, porque no quiere ver; no cambiará").[233] Bukele has stated that he was willing to work with the international community as long as they respect El Salvador as a partner rather than as subservient, adding that El Salvador can "change" ("Spanish; Castilian: cambiar").
Nationalist Republican Alliance
In December 2022, Carlos García Saade, the president of ARENA, stated that ARENA sought to attain the "maximum number" ("Spanish; Castilian: la máxima candidad") of deputies and mayors, adding in May 2023 that the party sought to win more than 25 seats in the Legislative Assembly and more than 125 municipalities.[234] After the reduction of municipalities and legislative seats, García Saade stated that the party sought to win at least 25 deputies and the Legislative Assembly and 30 municipalities.[235]
On 26 October 2022, García Saade announced that the party would not join a coalition with the FMLN to defeat Bukele in the 2024 election. He stated that joining forces with the FMLN would "deteriorate both parties" ("Spanish; Castilian: deteriorar a ambos partidos"), and that he wanted ARENA to be the alternative for Salvadorans who oppose Bukele.[236] Although he ruled out a coalition with the FMLN, he was still open to forming a coalition with other parties.[237] At an event inaugurating the party's elected leadership on 26 March 2023, García Saade stated that the party was seeking to form coalitions and that it was looking for someone to lead the country's opposition as an "alternative for El Salvador" ("Spanish; Castilian: alternativa a El Salvador").[238] On 22 May, the El Faro digital newspaper alleged that ARENA was in negotiations with the FMLN, Vamos, and Nuestro Tiempo to form a political coalition for the presidential election to oppose Bukele.[239] ARENA leaders acknowledged that the party was involved in negotiations[240] but denied that the party was forming a coalition,[241] and García Saade confirmed that ARENA had decided to not form any coalition.[242]
On 9 July 2023, ARENA officially announced that it had selected Joel Sánchez, a Salvadoran businessman living in the U.S., and Hilcia Bonilla, a businesswoman living in the U.S., as its presidential and vice presidential candidates, respectively.[243] Sánchez's candidacy was proposed by the Citizen Resistance civil movement on 15 June 2023,[244] although his initial running mate was Hardy García, the wife of Salvadoran Independent Party (PAIS) leader Roy García;[245] she withdrew her candidacy because she had received "threats" ("Spanish; Castilian: amenazas").[246] When Sánchez's candidacy was initially proposed, Miguel Fortín Magaña, the leader of Citizen Resistance, hoped that a political party would accept the movement's proposal and allow Sánchez to run under another party's banner.[247]
ARENA's primary elections were originally scheduled to occur on 18 June 2023,[248] but were later moved to 2 July[249] then again to 9 July,[250] and finally to 16 July.[251] The registration period for primary candidates ended on 15 May; García Saade stated that the names of presidential pre-candidates would not be disclosed for their safety, claiming that they were threatened by persons in government and by governmental institutions.[252] On 16 July, ARENA elected Sánchez and Bonilla as its presidential and vice presidential candidates, respectively. The party also elected 42 municipal candidates and 60 deputy candidates to the Legislative Assembly. According to Citizen Action, ARENA stated that it would not disclose its entire list of candidates due to alleged threats made against its candidates for participating in the elections.[253]
On 25 July 2023, Sánchez stated that he would be willing to renounce his presidential candidacy if it was "the decision of our country and our population" ("Spanish; Castilian: deseo de nuestro país y de nuestra población") in order for find a more "suitable" ("Spanish; Castilian: idóneo") candidate.[254] Following the publication of a UFG opinion poll in late-August 2023 which listed Sánchez as having 4.3 percent support, Julia Evelyn Martínez, a former professor at the Central American University, stated that Sánchez was considering withdrawing his candidacy due to his low polling figures.[255] In September 2023, García Saade stated that he believed that Sánchez would be able to win the presidency in the second round.[256] ARENA began the process of registering Sánchez's and Bonilla's candidacies with the TSE on 9 October 2023.[257] By 26 October, party also began to register all of its 60 legislative candidates in all 14 departments.[258] On 23 November, ARENA began to register all of its 20 PARLACEN candidates.[259] The TSE registered Sánchez and Bonilla's candidacies on 13 November, the legislative candidates by 16 December, and the PARLACEN candidates on 8 January 2024.
Sánchez has stated that the state of exception "has to be stopped" ("Spanish; Castilian: tiene que ser cesado"),[260] elaborating that it "opens the opportunity to carry out abuses, corruption, [and] influence peddling" ("Spanish; Castilian: abre la oportunidad para llevar a cabo abusos, corrupción, tráfico de influencias"). Sánchez promised to review economic, taxation, educational, and agricultural policies to determine which ones were succeeding and which were failing. He described the adoption of bitcoin as legal tender as "the worst decision [Bukele's] government could have made" ("Spanish; Castilian: la peor decisión que este gobierno pueda haber hecho"), stating that it resulted in the International Monetary Fund refusing to support El Salvador and the government losing millions of dollars.[261] Sánchez and Bonilla stated that they would promote investment by "establishing our judicial system which works" ("Spanish; Castilian: establecer nuestro sistema jurídico que funcione"), and Sánchez claimed that he was already in talks with potential unspecified investors.[262] Sánchez supports restoring diplomatic relations with Taiwan as he believes that Taiwan was a "better ally" ("Spanish; Castilian: mejor aliado") than China, citing better exchange student programs and trade deals with the country before relations were severed in 2018. He opposes the reduction of municipalities, arguing that it would result in parts of the country being neglected by mayors.[263] In October 2023, Sánchez announced that he would upload videos to TikTok which would make Salvadoran youths want to dance in support of his campaign.[264]
Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
Following the conclusion of the FMLN's 42nd Ordinary National Convention on 11 December 2022, Óscar Ortiz, the secretary-general of the FMLN, announced that the party would not join any coalition in the 2024 elections with Nuevas Ideas, or ARENA, or GANA, but the party would be open to forming coalitions with other parties.[265] On 22 May 2023, El Faro alleged that the FMLN was in negotiations with ARENA, Vamos, and Nuestro Tiempo to form a political coalition for the presidential election to oppose Bukele. FMLN leaders acknowledged that the party was involved in negotiations but denied that the party was forming a coalition, and Óscar Ortiz reiterated that the party would not form a coalition with ARENA, GANA, or Nuevas Ideas. Jaime Guevara claimed that all the parties, except for the FMLN, were seeking to unify under a single presidential candidate.[266] In July 2023, Ángel Monge, a member of the FMLN's political commission, stated that the FMLN would not form coalitions for the Legislative Assembly but would still consider forming coalitions for the municipal elections.[267] In October 2023, Marleni Funes stated that the FMLN aimed to win 16 or 17 seats in the Legislative Assembly.[268]
On 29 May 2023, Flores officially registered as a pre-candidate for the presidency; Werner Marroquín registered as Flores' running-mate.[269] Flores was the party's only presidential pre-candidate to register,[270] although Jaime Zavaleta expressed interest in securing the party's nomination. Flores confirmed that the FMLN would not form a coalition with ARENA or any right-wing political parties.[271] The FMLN was open to forming a presidential coalition with Vamos, Nuestro Tiempo, and PAIS,[272] but ultimately did not join any presidential coalition. In October 2023, Óscar Ortiz assured that the FMLN's candidates represented the "hope and future of the country" ("Spanish; Castilian: esperanza y el futuro del país").[273]
The party originally planned to hold its primary elections on 11 June 2023, but after the reduction of seats in the Legislative Assembly, its primaries were postponed to 2 July and then again to 16 July. In April 2023, Flores asked the party to not select politicians with a "corrupt past" ("Spanish; Castilian: pasado corrupto") during the primary elections.[274] On 16 July, Flores and Marroquín were officially elected as the FMLN's presidential and vice presidential candidates, respectively. The party also elected 44 municipal candidates and 60 candidates for the Legislative Assembly from all fourteen departments.[275] According to Citizen Action, the FMLN stated that it would not disclose its entire list of candidates due to alleged threats made against its candidates for participating in the elections. The FMLN initiated the process to register Flores' and Marroquín's candidacies with the TSE on 7 September. On 7 October, the TSE stated that it could not yet register the FMLN's candidates because both candidates' Court of Accounts of the Republic were not presented with updated photos, proof of solvency from the Ministry of Finance was not up to date, and membership forms lacked signatures and notary seals.[276] On 23 October, Flores assured that he had responded to the TSE's concerns.[277] The TSE officially voted to register Flores and Marroquín's candidacies on 3 November. By 11 October, the FMLN had begun the registration process for all its candidates to the Legislative Assembly in all 14 departments.[278] On 28 October, the FMLN began registering its municipal candidates from San Salvador.[279] On 16 November, the party began the process to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates.[280] That same day, Óscar Ortiz stated that the party would consider dropping out of the 2024 elections if they were unable to continue financing its electoral campaigns as a result of debts accumulated during the 2019 and 2021 elections.[281] The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 15 December and the PARLACEN candidates on 24 January 2024.
In October 2023, Flores stated that he believed he would win the presidential election in the first round, making a second round irrelevant.[282] In September 2023, Flores stated that, if elected, he would maintain the state of exception if the country's population is in support of it.[283] He also stated that all criminals "will continue to stay in prison and we will pursue all criminals" ("Spanish; Castilian: van a seguir en la cárcel y vamos a perseguir a todos los criminales"). Regarding corruption, Flores stated that "corruption is not combatted, corruption is avoided ... in my government, I will not present corrupt individuals to form part of the cabinet" ("Spanish; Castilian: la corrupción no se combate, la corrupción se evita ... en mi gobierno no voy a presentar corruptos que formen parte del gabinete").[284] Flores has promised to invest US$30 million in the transportation sector and reduce the price of transportation fares for students by half, which would affect around 150,000 students in the country.[285] Flores has promised to launch the "Zero Hunger" ("Spanish; Castilian: Hambre Cero") initiative to combat hunger by investing US$60 million into building three "zero hunger supply centers" ("Spanish; Castilian: centros de abastecimiento hambre cero") which would distribute grain.[286] Flores also proposed raising the minimum pension from US$50 per day to US$70 per day.[287] He has announced his "Prosperous Municipalities" ("Spanish; Castilian: Municipios Prósperos") plan to develop and invest in the country's municipalities.[288] Flores has promised to launch investigations into all of Bukele's government officials should he be elected president.[289]
Nuestro Tiempo
In March 2023, Andy Failer, the leader of Nuestro Tiempo, indicated that the party was open to forming coalitions with other parties and confirmed that the party would select presidential and vice presidential candidates.[290] On 13 April, during an interview on Channel 21, Failer confirmed that the party would not form a coalition with ARENA or the FMLN but was still considering a coalition with Vamos;[291] Vamos expressed disinterest in forming a coalition with Nuestro Tiempo. On 22 May, El Faro alleged that Nuestro Tiempo was in negotiations with ARENA, the FMLN, and Vamos to form a political coalition for the presidential election to oppose Bukele, but Nuestro Tiempo reaffirmed that it would form a coalition with ARENA or the FMLN. On 26 July, Failer proposed on Twitter to form a "Democratic National Union" ("Spanish; Castilian: Unión Nacional Democrática") with ARENA and the FMLN for a presidential or legislative coalition, but both ARENA and the FMLN reiterated that they would not form a coalition with each other.[292]
On 31 May 2023, Luis Parada, a lawyer who resides in the U.S.,[293] announced that he was running for president. His candidacy was proposed by Sumar por El Salvador., a human rights lawyer, is Parada's running mate.[294] The following day during an interview with Telecorporación Salvadoreña's Frente a Frente, Failer confirmed that Parada and Medrano were both running under the banner of Nuestro Tiempo, adding that "it's to elect between democracy and dictatorship; if we unite ourselves behind this, we will change what is happening to our country" ("Spanish; Castilian: es para elegir entre democracia y dictadura; si nos unimos detrás de eso, vamos a cambiar lo que está pasando en nuestro país").[295] Parada had previously sought ARENA's 2019 presidential nomination.[296]
The party originally planned to hold its primary elections for president and vice president on 25 June 2023 and its primary elections for deputies and mayors on 2 July,[297] but after the reduction of municipalities, the party decided to hold all its primary elections on 15 July.[298] According to Sofía González, the president of Nuestro Tiempo's permanent electoral commission, Nuestro Tiempo would contest legislative seats in 8 departments and the mayorships of 19 municipalities.[299] The party did not participate in the PARLACEN elections as it believed that PARLACEN is a waste of the government's resources.[300] On 15 July, Nuestro Tiempo held its primary elections and officially elected Parada and Medrano as its presidential and vice presidential candidates, respectively, awarding them 100 percent of the vote. The party also elected 18 municipal candidates and 40 deputy candidates in seven departments.
In an interview with Channel 9 in July 2023, Parada stated that, if elected, he would review the necessity and constitutionality of the state of exception.[301] [302] In August 2023, Parada stated that he would suspend the state of exception, describing it as "nothing more than propaganda of the current Government" ("Spanish; Castilian: nada más la propaganda del Gobierno actual"),[303] and as an "illusion" ("Spanish; Castilian: ilusión").[304] Parada promised to remove the justices on the Supreme Court's Constitutional Court and restore the justices which the Legislative Assembly removed on 1 May 2021.[305]
On 25 October 2023, Nuestro Tiempo began the process to register its presidential and vice presidential candidates.[306] By 26 October, Nuestro Tiempo had initiated the process to register its legislative candidates in 5 departments. The TSE registered Parada and Medrano's candidacies on 13 November and the legislative candidates on 27 December.
Solidary Force
Solidary Force originally scheduled its primary elections for 2 July 2023, but after the reduction of the municipalities, its primaries were delayed for 16 July. The party first announced its primary elections on 5 March, when it was not officially registered with the TSE as a political party.[307] On 31 March, the TSE officially allowed the party to participate in the elections.[308] The party announced its elections again on 7 April, as its original announcement was considered to be invalid by the TSE.[309] Some deputies from ARENA, the FMLN, Nuestro Tiempo, and Vamos criticized the TSE for allowing the Solidary Force to register, describing the process as favoritism and illegal.[310] [311]
On 16 July 2023, Solidary Force held its primary elections for the 44 municipalities, 16 deputies for San Salvador, and 1 deputy for Ahuachapán, La Paz, Santa Ana, and Sonsonate each. Rigoberto Soto, Solidary Force's leader, stated that the party would complete is primary elections for the remaining departments' deputies by 19 July, and also stated that the party could still present a presidential candidate by the same date. He added that the party would be open to forming coalitions with other parties except for with ARENA or the FMLN.[312] On 24 July, Solidary Force announced that Javier Renderos, an obstetrician, would be its presidential candidate and that Rafael Montalvo, an agriculturist, would be its vice presidential candidate. The party stated that both candidates had been elected on 16 July.[313] Solidary Force formed a municipal coalition with Democratic Change for Usulután Oeste.
On 23 October 2023, Solidary Force began the process to register its presidential and vice presidential candidates as well as its legislative candidates for San Salvador.[314] By 26 October, the party had initiated the process to register its legislative candidates in 9 departments. On 23 November, the party began the process of registering all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates. The TSE registered Renderos and Montalvo's candidacies on 13 November, the legislative candidates by 8 December, and the PARLACEN candidates by 30 January 2024.
Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity
The Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity held its primary elections from 16 to 20 July 2023.[315] On 27 August, the party announced that it selected Marina Murillo, an architect, as its presidential candidate and Fausto Carranza as its vice presidential candidate. Murillo is the first woman to run for president of El Salvador since Rina Escalante ran with the Authentic Democratic Christian Movement in the 1994 presidential election.[316]
On 23 October 2023, the Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity began the process of registering its presidential and vice-presidential candidates.[317] It did not register any legislative candidates. On 23 November, the party began to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates. The TSE registered Murillo and Carranza's candidacies on 3 November.
Salvadoran Independent Party
In December 2022, Roy García stated that the party sought to win between 20 and 25 deputies in the Legislative Assembly and between 90 and 100 mayors. PAIS sought to ally with opposition political parties such as ARENA, the FMLN, Vamos, Nuestro Tiempo, or the Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity (FPS).[318] [319]
Samuel Tejada, the party's affiliation secretary, stated that the party would select presidential and vice presidential candidates. Gerardo Awad, a former presidential pre-candidate for ARENA in 2019, sought a presidential campaign with PAIS. In July 2022, PAIS refused to allow him to run with the party,[320] and in January 2023, Awad announced that he would no longer seek to run for president with PAIS.[321] Awad invited Mario Vega, the senior pastor of Misión Cristiana Elim Internacional, to be his vice presidential candidate, but Vega declined Awad's offer and stated that he did not intend to seek any public office during the 2024 election. On 4 June 2023, Awad officially announced his withdrawal from the 2024 election as he did not believe that conditions were favorable for his campaign, but he stated that he would prepare for a new presidential campaign in 2029.
PAIS planned to hold its elections on 11 June 2023, but Roy García contrarily claimed that the party would not hold elections and instead participate as a social movement in a coalition with another party. After the reduction of municipalities, the party postponed its primaries until 2 July, but the party ended up holding its primary elections on 16 July. On 16 August, the party sought to hold a meeting with the TSE to discuss the party's status ahead of the 2024 election as the party believed that the TSE showed a lack of recognition of its primary elections. The party stated that it would hold a street protest if the TSE failed to meet with PAIS within eight days.[322]
On 28 August 2023, PAIS deputy secretary Carlos Molina announced that it selected José Cardoza, an agricultural engineer, as its presidential candidate and Irma Sosa as its vice presidential candidate.[323] The party also presented its legislative, municipal, and PARLACEN candidates, however, Roy García stated on Facebook that Molina's announcement was not legitimate and that all of the party's candidates were invalid. He added that the party should wait and reorganize for the 2027 legislative election.[324] On 21 September, PAIS began the process to register Cardoza's and Sosa's candidacies with the TSE,[325] however, on 4 October, the TSE passed a resolution to deregister the party and disallow it from participating in the 2024 election. Cardoza denounced the resolution stating that it was undemocratic. Meanwhile, Roy García reiterated that PAIS should wait to participate in the 2027 legislative election as he believed that the party had no chance in winning the 2024 election and was in danger of falling into irrelevance.[326] On 13 October, Herbert Vega Cruz, a lawyer for PAIS, accused the TSE magistrates of committing electoral fraud for deregistering the party and rejecting its candidates.[327] By 26 October, PAIS began the process to register all its legislative candidates in 9 departments. Supporters of Roy García falsely claimed that they had registered "more than 600 candidates" ("Spanish; Castilian: más de 600 candidatos") when they could only register up to 60.[328] On 28 November, the TSE stated that it would not register any of PAIS' presidential, legislative, municipal, or PARLACEN candidates.[329]
Grand Alliance for National Unity
In December 2022, Gallegos stated that the party sought to increase the number of seats it has in the Legislative Assembly from 5 to 15. Before the reduction of municipalities of legislative seats, Gallegos stated that the party sought to increase its number of mayors from 34 to over 100. After the reductions of municipalities, Gallegos stated that GANA sought to win 12 seats in the Legislative Assembly and 15 municipalities.[330] Gallegos initially stating he would seek re-election to the Legislative Assembly,[331] but then later stated that he was running for mayor of San Salvador Centro,[332] and then again reverted his decision again stating that he would be seeking re-election to the Legislative Assembly.[333]
Prior to Bukele's registration as a presidential pre-candidate with Nuevas Ideas on 26 June 2023, some GANA leaders believed that Bukele could seek re-election with GANA rather than Nuevas Ideas as he was initially elected in 2019 as a member of GANA.[334] In July 2022, Gallegos stated that GANA would endorse Bukele's re-election campaign if he ran under the banner of another party instead of GANA.[335] On 16 June 2023, Gallegos stated that GANA would not participate in the presidential election unless Bukele was the party's candidate.[336] On 26 June, Gallegos confirmed that GANA would not run a presidential or vice presidential candidate, stating that the party supports Bukele's re-election campaign.
The party originally planned to hold its primary elections on 2 July 2023,[337] but after the reduction of municipalities, the party delayed its primaries until 16 July.[338] The party held its primaries on 16 July and elected 44 municipal candidates, 60 deputies to the Legislative Assembly from all fourteen departments, and deputies to PARLACEN.[339] GANA formed one municipal coalition with Nuevas Ideas for San Miguel Centro and one municipal coalition with the PCN for Chalatenango Centro. Unlike in the 2021 election, GANA did not form coalitions with Nuevas Ideas for the Legislative Assembly elections.
By 25 October 2023, GANA had initiated the registration process for all of its legislative candidates in all 14 departments.[340] On 20 November, GANA began to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates. The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 8 December and the PARLACEN candidates by 8 January 2024.
National Coalition Party
Before the reduction of municipalities of legislative seats, Manuel Rodríguez stated that the PCN sought to increase the number of deputies in the Legislative Assembly from 3 to 9 and increase the number of mayors from 2 to 33.[341]
The party originally planned to hold its primary elections on 5 July 2023,[342] but after the reduction of municipalities, it delayed its primaries for 16 July. The party opened its primaries on 16 July and concluded them on 20 July.[343] [344] The PCN formed a coalition with the PDC to jointly contest both legislative seats of Morazán.[345] It also formed a coalition with the Citizen Power civil movement for legislative seats and municipalities in San Salvador. The coalition is unofficial as Citizen Power is not a registered political party.[346] In August 2023, Rodríguez confirmed that the PCN would not present a presidential candidate.[347] On 30 January 2024, the PCN announced its support for Bukele's presidential campaign. The PCN formed one municipal coalition with GANA for Chalatenango Centro and two municipal coalitions with the PDC for the Morazán Norte and Morazán Sur.
By 26 October 2023, the PCN had initiated the process to register its legislative candidates in 12 departments.[348] By 23 November, the PCN began the process to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates.[349] The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 27 December and the PARLACEN candidates on 30 January 2024.
Christian Democratic Party
On 5 June 2023, Reinaldo Carballo, the PDC's secretary-general, announced that the party would not have a presidential candidate. He confirmed that the party would participate in the legislative and municipal elections, and that the party was reorganizing its electoral process to adjust for the reduction of municipalities and seats in the Legislative Assembly.[350] After the reduction of municipalities and legislative seats, Carballo stated that the party expects to win at least 10 municipalities and 12 seats in the Legislative Assembly.[351]
The PDC originally planned to hold its primary elections on 14 May 2023, but later postponed them to 2 July and then again to 20 July. The party opened its primaries four days early on 16 July and closed them on 19 July. Carballo reaffirmed that the PDC would not have a presidential candidate and stated that the party supported Bukele's re-election campaign. The PDC formed a coalition with the PCN to jointly contest both legislative seats of Morazán, as well as the seats for both the Morazán Norte and Morazán Sur municipalities. The PDC disclosed its full list of 20 legislative, 23 municipal, and 2 PARLACEN candidates on 24 September. Carballo reaffirmed that the PDC would not present a presidential candidate, stating "we have not found a Salvadoran who could beat Nayib Bukele" ("Spanish; Castilian: no hemos encontrado un salvadoreño que le pueda ganar a Nayib Bukele").[352]
By 26 October 2023, the PDC had initiated the process to register its legislative candidates in 9 departments. On 23 November, the party began to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates. The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 8 December and the PARLACEN candidates on 8 January 2024.
Vamos
On 5 March 2023, Vamos formally announced that it would not run a presidential candidate or compete in the PARLACEN elections.[353] Claudia Ortiz announced her intention to be re-elected as a deputy of the Legislative Assembly and that she would not seek a presidential candidacy. She later added that winning control of the Legislative Assembly was more important that winning the presidency and that she would fight throughout the next presidential term.[354] Sofía Vaquerano, the party's legal secretary, stated that Vamos would not form coalitions with individuals who had been accused of being corrupt.[355]
Initially, Claudia Ortiz stated that the party was open to forming a coalition with other parties, but later stated that the party would not seek any political coalition.[356] On 22 May 2023, El Faro alleged that Vamos was in negotiations with ARENA, the FMLN, and Nuestro Tiempo to form a political coalition for the presidential election to oppose Bukele. In response, Vamos stated that it would focus more on the Legislative Assembly than on winning the presidency.
The party originally planned to hold its primary elections on 18 June 2023, but after the reduction of municipalities, the party postponed its primaries to 16 July. During the primaries, Vamos elected 8 municipal candidates and 32 deputy candidates for the Legislative Assembly in five departments. Additionally, Cesia Rivas was elected as the party's new secretary general.[357] By 26 October, Vamos had initiated the process to register its legislative candidates in 5 departments. The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 20 December.
Democratic Change
Democratic Change initially planned to hold its primary elections on 4 June 2023,[358] but later rescheduled them for 19 July. Democratic Change held its primary elections from 16 to 19 July and elected legislative, municipal, and PARLACEN candidates. Democratic Change formed two municipal coalitions with Nuevas Ideas for Sonsonate Oeste and Santa Ana Norte and one municipal coalition with Solidary Force for Usulután Oeste. On 26 October, the party registered all its legislative candidates in 13 departments. By 23 November, the party began the process to register all 20 of its PARLACEN candidates. The TSE registered the legislative candidates by 29 December and the PARLACEN candidates on 24 January 2024. Democratic Change did not select a presidential candidate, instead endorsing Bukele's re-election campaign.
Salvadoran Democracy
Salvadoran Democracy stated it would hold its primary elections on 7 May 2023,[359] but it ultimately did not hold primary elections and did not participate in the 2024 election. It did not register any legislative or PARLACEN candidates.
Independents
Registration for independent candidates began on 5 May 2023[360] and ended on 5 September.[361] Manuel Meléndez was the only independent to begin registration with the TSE, however, he abandoned the registration process on 16 August.[362]
Opinion polls
See main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 Salvadoran general election.
See also: Opinion polling on the Nayib Bukele presidency.
Opinion polling has been conducted by various groups such as CIESCA, Fundaungo, La Prensa Gráfica, TResearch, and UFG prior to the 2024 general election; virtually every poll conducted indicates significant leads for Nuevas Ideas in the presidential, legislative, and municipal elections.[363] Additionally, opinion polling was conducted whether or not Salvadorans support Bukele's re-election; virtually every poll indicated that a large majority of Salvadorans would support Bukele's re-election.[364] Many Salvadoran Americans also support Bukele's re-election.[365]
Results
Presidential results
The TSE published the presidential election's final results on 9 February 2024 and formally ratified the results on 17 February; Bukele won with 84.65 percent of the vote.[366] [367] Bukele was the first presidential candidate in Salvadoran history to receive more than two million votes.[368] Among the other candidates, Flores received 6.40 percent of the vote, Sánchez received 5.57 percent, Parada received 2.04 percent, and Renderos and Murillo each received less than 1 percent. On 18 February, the TSE ratified the results of the presidential election,[369] and on 29 February, it granted Bukele and Ulloa their presidential and vice presidential credentials, respectively.[370]
Results by department
The following table displays the number of votes each candidate received from each of the country's 14 departments as well as from the exterior vote. The candidate with the most votes in a department is highlighted in their party's color and the runner-up in a department is in .
| Department | Bukele | Sánchez | Flores | Parada | Renderos | Murillo | Blank/invalid | Total |
|---|
| | | | | |
|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes ! | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | Votes | data-sort-type="number" | Votes |
|---|
| - | Ahuachapán | 141,263 | 84.94 | 11,568 | 6.96 | 9,355 | 5.62 | 1,463 | 0.88 | 1,754 | 1.05 | 911 | 0.55 | 5,186 | 171,500 |
| Cabañas | 49,916 | 81.43 | 4,984 | 8.13 | 5,122 | 8.36 | 556 | 0.91 | 360 | 0.59 | 364 | 0.59 | 2,487 | 63,789 |
| Chalatenango | 67,309 | 74.96 | 7,502 | 8.35 | 13,029 | 14.51 | 886 | 0.99 | 516 | 0.57 | 551 | 0.61 | 3,675 | 93,468 |
| Cuscatlán | 99,970 | 81.32 | 10,078 | 8.20 | 10,288 | 8.37 | 1,384 | 1.13 | 529 | 0.43 | 690 | 0.56 | 3,226 | 126,165 |
| La Libertad | 302,425 | 81.29 | 27,208 | 7.31 | 20,725 | 5.57 | 16,197 | 4.35 | 2,745 | 0.74 | 2,744 | 0.74 | 9,396 | 381,440 |
| La Paz | 121,780 | 83.35 | 10,334 | 7.07 | 9,582 | 6.56 | 1,487 | 1.02 | 1,968 | 1.35 | 961 | 0.66 | 3,615 | 149,727 |
| La Unión | 86,077 | 90.25 | 4,040 | 4.24 | 4,260 | 4.47 | 400 | 0.42 | 366 | 0.38 | 234 | 0.25 | 2,764 | 98,141 |
| Morazán | 61,079 | 78.75 | 4,586 | 5.91 | 10,905 | 14.06 | 339 | 0.44 | 361 | 0.47 | 289 | 0.37 | 3,150 | 80,709 |
| San Miguel | 159,060 | 85.83 | 6,811 | 3.68 | 14,262 | 7.70 | 1,651 | 0.89 | 2,573 | 1.39 | 960 | 0.52 | 5,254 | 190,571 |
| San Salvador | 702,023 | 82.62 | 50,165 | 5.90 | 54,496 | 6.41 | 30,956 | 3.64 | 4,930 | 0.58 | 7,121 | 0.84 | 18,198 | 867,889 |
| Santa Ana | 227,316 | 87.44 | 12,968 | 4.99 | 11,578 | 4.45 | 3,976 | 1.53 | 2,429 | 0.93 | 1,695 | 0.65 | 7,058 | 267,020 |
| San Vicente | 56,028 | 79.29 | 5,147 | 7.28 | 7,827 | 11.08 | 598 | 0.85 | 687 | 0.97 | 375 | 0.53 | 2,000 | 72,662 |
| Sonsonate | 188,162 | 83.76 | 15,107 | 6.73 | 14,920 | 6.64 | 2,546 | 1.13 | 2,251 | 1.00 | 1,649 | 0.73 | 6,213 | 230,848 |
| Usulután | 116,672 | 83.18 | 5,445 | 3.88 | 14,965 | 10.67 | 811 | 0.58 | 1,829 | 1.30 | 536 | 0.38 | 4,047 | 144,305 |
| Exterior vote | 322,645 | 98.25 | 1,938 | 0.59 | 2,854 | 0.87 | 1,826 | 0.05 | 175 | 0.06 | 213 | 0.18 | 582 | 330,233 |
| Total | 2,701,725 | 84.65 | 177,881 | 5.57 | 204,167 | 6.40 | 65,076 | 2.04 | 23,473 | 0.74 | 19,293 | 0.60 | 76,851 | 3,268,466 |
|
|---|
| Source: | |
|---|
Legislative Assembly results
The TSE published the legislative election's final results on 18 February; Nuevas Ideas won 54 out of 60 seats, a supermajority. ARENA and the PCN both won 2 seats while Vamos and the PDC each won one seat.[371] The FMLN, GANA, and Nuestro Tiempo lost all of their seats in the Legislative Assembly, while Democratic Change and Solidary Force failed to win any seats.[372] Additionally, Nuestro Tiempo and Democratic Change failed to receive more than 50,000 votes and could possibly lose registration with the TSE as per article 47, section C of the Law of Political Parties which mandates the dissolution of such parties.[373] On 18 March 2024, the TSE ratified the results of the legislative election,[374] and on 20 March, it gave the elected deputies their legislative credentials.[375]
On 25 February 2024, to Citizen Action published its findings regarding what the results of the legislative election would have been had the hare quota largest remainder method remained in place, the Legislative Assembly had not been reduced from 84 to 60 seats, and the votes from expatriates had not been considered—the manner in which previous legislative elections were conducted prior to the June 2023 electoral reforms. According to the group's findings, the composition of the Legislative Assembly would have been: Nuevas Ideas with 60 seats, ARENA with 7, the FMLN with 6, GANA and Vamos with 3 each, the PCN and PDC with 2 each, and Nuestro Tiempo with 1. According to Citizen Action, the electoral reforms only benefited Nuevas Ideas. It also concluded that, even without the results, the party and its allies would have retained a two-thirds majority.
Results by department
See also: List of members of the XIV Legislative Assembly of El Salvador.
The following table displays the number of votes and seats each political party received from each of the country's 14 departments. The vote total for San Salvador includes votes cast from the exterior. The party with the most votes in a department is highlighted in its party color and the party with the second most votes and seats in a department is in .
| Department | NI | ARENA | FMLN | GANA | PCN | PDC | NT | V | CD | FS | Blank/invalid | Total |
|---|
| | | | | | | | | |
|---|
| data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | % | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | | data-sort-type="number" | |
|---|
| Ahuachapán | 102,131 | 61.70 | 2 | 12,276 | 7.42 | 0 | 6,713 | 4.06 | 0 | 997 | 0.60 | 0 | 34,824 | 21.04 | 1 | colspan="2" | 0 | 916 | 0.55 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 7,676 | 4.64 | 0 | 7,080 | 173,087 |
| Cabañas | 40,038 | 63.50 | 2 | 5,106 | 8.10 | 0 | 4,446 | 7.05 | 0 | 9,688 | 15.37 | 0 | 2,186 | 3.47 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 1,585 | 2.51 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 2,980 | 66,029 |
| Chalatenango | 44,111 | 48.13 | 1 | 6,168 | 6.73 | 0 | 10,930 | 11.93 | 0 | 502 | 0.55 | 0 | 29,564 | 32.26 | 1 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 367 | 0.40 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 4,443 | 96,083 |
| Cuscatlán | 83,427 | 67.38 | 2 | 11,866 | 9.58 | 0 | 11,460 | 9.25 | 0 | 10,149 | 8.20 | 0 | 5,883 | 4.75 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 1,039 | 0.84 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 4,188 | 128,012 |
| La Libertad | 259,669 | 69.16 | 6 | 38,913 | 10.36 | 1 | 17,409 | 4.64 | 0 | 7,709 | 2.05 | 0 | 5,817 | 1.55 | 0 | 8,785 | 2.34 | 0 | 14,280 | 3.80 | 0 | 16,679 | 4.44 | 0 | 1,927 | 0.51 | 0 | 4,301 | 1.15 | 0 | 13,714 | 389,204 |
| La Paz | 99,653 | 67.54 | 3 | 20,088 | 13.62 | 0 | 8,067 | 5.47 | 0 | 5,067 | 3.43 | 0 | 925 | 0.63 | 0 | 1,433 | 0.97 | 0 | 745 | 0.50 | 0 | 2,143 | 1.45 | 0 | 886 | 0.60 | 0 | 8,537 | 5.79 | 0 | 5,409 | 152,952 |
| La Unión | 78,921 | 78.11 | 2 | 6,805 | 6.74 | 0 | 5,812 | 5.75 | 0 | 5,690 | 5.63 | 0 | 1,579 | 1.56 | 0 | 1,334 | 1.32 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 897 | 0.89 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 4,586 | 105,621 |
| Morazán | 50,737 | 63.43 | 2 | 4,977 | 6.22 | 0 | 12,930 | 16.17 | 0 | 5,481 | 6.85 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 5,397 | 6.75 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 464 | 0.58 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 3,583 | 83,569 |
| San Miguel | 113,455 | 59.71 | 4 | 6,674 | 3.51 | 0 | 15,385 | 8.10 | 0 | 7,072 | 3.72 | 0 | 3,521 | 1.85 | 0 | 40,308 | 21.21 | 1 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 771 | 0.41 | 0 | 2,813 | 1.48 | 0 | 9,661 | 199,659 |
| San Salvador | 828,219 | 76.70 | 14 | 63,044 | 5.84 | 1 | 50,309 | 4.66 | 0 | 23,229 | 2.15 | 0 | 7,070 | 0.65 | 0 | 11,398 | 1.06 | 0 | 21,579 | 2.00 | 0 | 67,235 | 6.23 | 1 | colspan="2" | 0 | 7,684 | 0.71 | 0 | 29,773 | 1,109,540 |
| San Vicente | 47,132 | 65.77 | 2 | 6,638 | 9.26 | 0 | 8,623 | 12.03 | 0 | 4,961 | 6.92 | 0 | 1,023 | 1.43 | 0 | 810 | 1.13 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 553 | 0.77 | 0 | 1,920 | 2.68 | 0 | 2,948 | 74,607 |
| Santa Ana | 195,265 | 74.87 | 5 | 15,715 | 6.03 | 0 | 10,376 | 3.98 | 0 | 13,029 | 5.00 | 0 | 3,204 | 1.23 | 0 | 7,336 | 2.81 | 0 | 2,949 | 1.13 | 0 | 4,808 | 1.84 | 0 | 1,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 7,020 | 2.69 | 0 | 11,222 | 272,027 |
| Sonsonate | 156,282 | 69.57 | 5 | 22,048 | 9.82 | 0 | 12,874 | 5.73 | 0 | 3,076 | 1.37 | 0 | 5,041 | 2.24 | 0 | 19,611 | 8.73 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 1,530 | 0.68 | 0 | 4,176 | 1.86 | 0 | 9,166 | 233,804 |
| Usulután | 101,295 | 74.56 | 4 | 7,040 | 5.18 | 0 | 20,587 | 9.48 | 0 | 2,695 | 1.98 | 0 | 881 | 0.65 | 0 | 2,543 | 1.87 | 0 | 591 | 0.44 | 0 | colspan="2" | 0 | 1,044 | 0.77 | 0 | 6,894 | 5.07 | 0 | 5,069 | 148,640 |
| Total | 2,200,332 | 70.56 | 54 | 227,357 | 7.29 | 2 | 195,920 | 6.28 | 0 | 99,344 | 3.19 | 0 | 101,641 | 3.26 | 2 | 98,021 | 3.15 | 1 | 41,060 | 1.32 | 0 | 91,675 | 2.94 | 1 | 12,165 | 0.39 | 0 | 51,021 | 1.64 | 0 | 114,354 | 3,232,890 |
| Source: | |
Municipal results
All 44 municipalities have had their winners declared.[376] Nuevas Ideas, GANA, the PDC, the PCN, Solidary Force, and ARENA all won at least one mayorship, while the FMLN, Vamos, Nuestro Tiempo, Democratic Change, and the Salvadoran Patriotic Fraternity did not win any.[377] Turnout for the municipal election was the lowest since the end of the Salvadoran Civil War in 1992.[378] In total, the opposition won one mayorship, one trustee, 24 proprietary aldermen, and 23 substitute aldermen in 16 of the 44 municipal councils; this accounts for around 10 percent of all municipal council positions. The remaining 90 percent of municipal council positions were won by Nuevas Ideas and its allies.[379]
According to La Prensa Gráfica, had the reduction of municipalities not occurred, Nuevas Ideas would have still won the most municipalities, but it would not have won more than half of the municipalities, winning only 122 compared to 152 in 2021. Additionally, the FMLN and Democratic Change, parties which failed to win any municipalities, would have won 21 and 1 municipalities, respectively.
The TSE gave the elected mayors and council members their credentials in early-April 2024.[380]
PARLACEN results
Turnout for the PARLACEN election was the lowest in 25 years and reached just 29.88%.[381] La Prensa Gráfica attributed the low turnout and almost 10 percent of the vote being blank or invalid to PARLACEN's general unpopularity within in El Salvador, with many invalid ballots containing messages questioning PARLACEN's functions or relevance.[382] The TSE gave the elected PARLACEN deputies their credentials in early-April 2024.
Aftermath
Domestic reactions
Shortly after polling stations closed but before the TSE officially announced the results of the presidential and legislative elections, Bukele posted on X declaring that, "according to our numbers", he had won the presidential election with "more than 85% of the votes" and that Nuevas Ideas had won "a minimum of" 58 of the Legislative Assembly's 60 seats.[383] He also claimed that his electoral victory was "a record in the entire democratic history of the world"[384] and that the 2024 election was "the first time in history that El Salvador has democracy, and it's not me saying it, it's the people".[385] A crowd of Bukele's supporters gathered at the Plaza Gerardo Barrios in San Salvador to celebrate his victory. Bukele later addressed the crowd from the balcony of the National Palace and celebrated his victory in a speech,[386] [387] during which he criticized journalists who themselves had criticized the gang crackdown and his concentration of power.[388] Bukele also remarked that the election results was "the first time in a country that just one party exists in a completely democratic system", adding that "the entire opposition together was pulverized".[389] The Economist indicated that Bukele may potentially seek to change the constitution and run for a third presidential term in the 2029 presidential election, as he had previously stated that the constitution did not "currently" allow for a third presidential term.[390]
Former FMLN Salvadoran President Mauricio Funes stated that the opposition was defeated "without a doubt" ("Spanish; Castilian: no cabe ninguna duda").[391] In a press conference on 4 February 2024, Flores stated that the FMLN would not disappear as a political entity and that it was "not correct" ("Spanish; Castilian: no es correcto") for Bukele to declare himself the election's winner before the TSE made an official announcement. Óscar Ortiz thanked those who voted for Flores and stated that "history does not end here" ("Spanish; Castilian: historia no termina acá").[392] Flores did not concede.[393] On 5 February, Claudia Ortiz stated that "democratic spaces are closing in El Salvador, civil society is closing down and there is an environment of fear to speak out".[394] On 7 February, Sánchez conceded the election and congratulated Bukele on his victory.[395]
After the results of the legislative election were published, Flores claimed that he had votes stolen from both him and the FMLN. Lourdes Argueta, a member of the FMLN's political commission, stated that the party "did not need a seat to [...] defend the interests of the population" ("Spanish; Castilian: no necesitaron un curul para [...] defender los interés de la población").[396] Regarding Claudia Ortiz winning re-election to the Legislative Assembly with Vamos, Mauricio Funes stated that she "has fought the battle and I am sure that she will continue to fight" ("Spanish; Castilian: ha dado la batalla y estoy seguro de que la va a seguir dando"). The Resistance and Popular Rebellion Bloc called for Salvadorans to "reject this electoral farce".[397] When asked about Nuevas Ideas' 500,000-vote difference between the presidential and legislative elections, Castro stated that "there is no comparison" ("Spanish; Castilian: no hay comparación") and that such comparisons were "pears to apples" ("Spanish; Castilian: peras a manzanas") as Bukele was a "phenomenon at the global level" ("Spanish; Castilian: fenómeno a nivel mundial").[398] After GANA lost all its seats in the Legislative Assembly, Gallegos, who himself lost his seat, stated that he would continue to support Bukele regardless of his political situation.[399]
After polling stations closed for the municipal and PARLACEN elections, Bukele posted on X that Nuevas Ideas and its allies had won 43 of the 44 municipalities, claiming that the only municipality the opposition won was La Libertad Este.[400] He acknowledged that some of Nuevas Ideas' municipal candidates lost as voters were unsatisfied with their current tenures.[401] Bukele's announcement came before any official announcement from the TSE. Milagro Navas, ARENA's sole elected mayor, celebrated her victory against Minister of Housing Michelle Sol and stated that she would cooperate with Bukele's government.[402] After the FMLN failed to win any mayorships, the party leadership stated that the FMLN would undergo a "total reorganization" ("Spanish; Castilian: reorganización total"),[403] adding that "this is not the end, it is the closing of a stage" ("Spanish; Castilian: este no es el fin, es el cierre de una etapa").[404]
International reactions
Bernardo Arévalo, the president of Guatemala;[405] Xiomara Castro, the president of Honduras;[406] Daniel Ortega, the president of Nicaragua;[407] Laurentino Cortizo, the president of Panama; Miguel Díaz-Canel, the president of Cuba; Xi Jinping, the president of China;[408] Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia;[409] and Alicia Bárcena Ibarra, the secretary of foreign affairs of Mexico, congratulated Bukele on X after he declared himself as the election's winner. The Chilean and Chinese embassies in El Salvador also congratulated Bukele before the release of the official results, as did the United Nations.[410] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship of Argentina congratulated Bukele and reaffirmed commitment for both countries to work together.[411]
United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken congratulated Bukele on X, stating that "the events in El Salvador have a direct impact on the interests of the United States" ("Spanish; Castilian: los eventos en El Salvador tienen un impacto directo en los intereses de Estados Unidos") and that the American and Salvadoran governments could "reach our maximum potential and surpass major obstacles in our hemisphere and at the global stage" ("Spanish; Castilian: alcanzar nuestro máximo potencial y superar los mayores obstáculos en nuestro hemisferio y a nivel mundial") through cooperation. William H. Duncan, the United States ambassador to El Salvador, congratulated Bukele, adding that he hoped to "continue working with representatives of the Salvadoran people elected to fortify democracy, increase economic opportunities, and confront the shared challenges of the 21st century" ("Spanish; Castilian: seguir trabajando con los representantes del pueblo salvadoreño elegidos para fortalecer la democracia, ampliar las oportunidades económicas y afrontar los retos compartidos del siglo XXI").[412] Several members of the Democratic Party in the United States Senate congratulated Bukele's victory, but expressed that they were "troubled" regarding "unconstitutional moves that strongly influenced the outcome of Sunday's election" and statements made by Ulloa regarding "'eliminating' and 'replacing' democracy".[413] Republican senators Ted Cruz and Marco Rubio also congratulated Bukele.[414]
On 5 February 2024, several foreign news publications called the presidential election for Bukele, describing it as a "landslide victory".[415] Foreign news publications also described Nuevas Ideas' legislative victory as creating a "Latin: [[de facto]] one-party state".[416] [417] Tyler Mattiace, a researcher for Human Rights Watch, described the election as a "growing rejection of the basic principles of democracy and human rights, and support for authoritarian populism among people who feel that, concepts like democracy and human rights and due process have failed them".
Allegations of irregularities
Shortly after polling stations closed at 5 p.m. CST, Bukele accused the TSE and Indra Solutions of preventing expatriates from casting their vote by not allowing them to cast their vote after the said time. He argued that people waiting in line before the polling stations closed still had to be allowed to vote and called upon Attorney General Rodolfo Delgado to launch an investigation. Delgado responded by stating that the office of the attorney general "will prosecute those who committed a crime" ("Spanish; Castilian: procesará a quien cometa delito").[418] The TSE announced that it would re-open voting at three voting centers in the United States which had not allowed Salvadorans to vote after 5 p.m. CST, however, the TSE later retraced its announcement following a petition made by ARENA.[419] Bukele responded on X to the TSE's retraction by stating "remember this, when the opposition asks you again for votes in the next elections" ("Spanish; Castilian: recuerden esto, cuando la oposición vuelva a pedirles el voto en las próximas elecciones").[420]
The first preliminary results were released by the TSE late on 4 February 2024 but stalled until the morning of 5 February, with its website crashing shortly before midnight local time. The TSE attributed the delay on "multiple actions that have hampered the development of the transmission activities of preliminary results" and shortages of paper to print out vote tallies. It advised electoral boards at polling stations to resort to contingency measures such as tallying votes by hand and taking photographs or scans of manual tallies before sending them to the TSE. Representatives from ARENA, the FMLN, Vamos, and Nuestro Tiempo criticized the TSE's counting delay.[421] Nuestro Tiempo claimed that there were inconsistencies between preliminary vote totals published by the TSE in published statements and on its website.[422] Óscar Picardo, the director of sciences at the Francisco Gavidia University, stated that "we've never seen a situation that affects electoral integrity like this ... it's obvious that Bukele has the most votes, as the polls say, but there are a lot of irregularities in the processing".
ARENA, the FMLN, Vamos, and Nuestro Tiempo all called for the TSE to launch a recount.[423] On 5 February 2024, the TSE stated that it would conduct a recount of 29 percent of the presidential ballots and manually count the legislative ballots "vote by vote" ("Spanish; Castilian: voto por voto") at the José Adolfo Pineda National Gymnasium,[424] and that the results would be finalized within 15 days.[425] The recount for the presidential ballots began on 7 February[426] and ended on 9 February. The recount for legislative ballots began on 11 February[427] and ended on 18 February.[428] During the recount process, opposition politicians accused the TSE of manipulating the recount to benefit Nuevas Ideas by including unfolded ballots which were marked in black pen; according to the TSE's election procedures, only folded ballots filled out in black crayon were considered to be valid.[429] [430] [431]
On 6 February 2024, García Saade stated that ARENA would ask the TSE to nullify the presidential and legislative election results "not because of what happened, but because what will happen afterwards" ("Spanish; Castilian: no por lo que ha pasado, sino por lo que va a pasar después"),[432] while the FMLN and Nuestro Tiempo stated they would ask the TSE to nullify the legislative election results due to irregularities.[433] On 10 February, ARENA stated that it would petition the TSE to postpone the municipal and PARLACEN elections by 15 days and to not use the same electoral system which was used during the presidential and legislative elections.[434] On 13 February, the TSE announced that it would not postpone the municipal or PARLACEN elections.[435] On 19 February, leaders from ARENA, Vamos, and Nuestro Tiempo jointly announced submitted a petition to the TSE to nullify the legislative elections due to irregularities and allegations of fraud.[436] Later that day, the FMLN stated it would do the same.[437] On 21 February, the TSE denied the joint petition, declaring it as unfounded;[438] the TSE did the same for the FMLN's petition the following day.[439] In response to the TSE's declaration, Failer stated that the TSE was "[ignoring] the structural fraud which vitiated this election" ("Spanish; Castilian: ignoran el fraude estructural que vició esta elección").[440]
Although the OAS voiced concern to the TSE during the recount process regarding the TSE leaving the recount process "in the hands of the representatives of the political parties", the OAS stated that "the Mission did not observe actions which indicate that the will of the citizenry expressed at the polls was altered" ("Spanish; Castilian: la Misión no observó hechos que indicaran que se alteró la voluntad de la ciudadanía expresada en las urnas").[441] Observe El Salvador 2024 stated that it had observed valid crossed votes for opposition parties be marked as invalid while invalid votes were marked as valid for Nuevas Ideas.[442] The Interchange and Solidarity Center stated that it had observed irregularities at 69 voting centers both in El Salvador and in the United States.[443] Eduardo Escobar stated that there were "surely" irregularities and questioned how much of an impact they had on the final results.
See also
Further reading
- Web site: Un Mapa Electoral a la Medida de Nuevas Ideas. An Electoral Map Tailored to Nuevas Ideas. es. 11 September 2023. 11 September 2023. San José, Costa Rica. Daniel. Bonilla. Gabriel. Labrador. Daniel. Reyes. El Faro.
- Web site: Meet the Candidates: El Salvador. en. 14 December 2023. 17 December 2023. Americas Quarterly. Rich. Brown.
- Web site: Las 7 Fórmulas Presidenciales Interesadas en Competir en Elecciones 2024. The 7 Presidential Formulas Interested in Competing in the 2024 Elections. es. 27 September 2023. 27 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Después del 4F, El Salvador Entra a Terreno Inexplorado. After 4F, El Salvador Enters Unexplored Territory. es. 14 February 2024. 17 February 2024. El Faro. Jorge. Cuéllar.
- Web site: Parada, Flores, y Sánchez Lideran Tres Bloques con Poco Margen para Alianzas. Parada, Flores, and Sánchez Lead Three Blocs with Little Margin for Alliances. es. 17 July 2023. 17 July 2023. FOCOS TV. Andres. Dimas. Claudia. Palacios. Carlos. Salvador. Jaime. Quintanilla. Daniel. Valencia.
- Web site: "Unwaveringly loyal": Why El Salvador's Bukele is Poised for Re-Election. en. 31 January 2024. 31 January 2024. Al Jazeera English. Camilo. Freedman.
- Web site: Candidatos de Fuerza Solidaria Apuestan al Medioambiente y la Agricultura. Fuerza Solidaria Candidates Bet on Environment and Agriculture. es. 31 January 2024. 31 January 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Bukele se Reelige Inconstitucionalmente con el 82% de los Votos, Mientras la Oposición Pide Repetir Elecciones Legislativas. Bukele is Unconstitutionally Re-Elected with 82% of the Vote, Meanwhile the Opposition Asks to Repeat the Legislative Elections. es. 11 February 2024. 13 February 2024. El Faro. Julia. Gavarrete.
- Web site: La Campaña Electoral Arranca con Una Oposición Debilitada y Sin Oportunidades de Victoria. The Electoral Campaign Begins with a Debilitated Opposition with No Opportunities for Victory. es. 28 September 2023. 30 September 2023. El Faro. Gabriel. Labrador.
- Web site: Manuel Flores: "No es Necesario Ganar Elecciones para Transformar un País". Manuel Flores: "It Is Not Necessary to Win the Elections In Order to Transform a Country. es. 19 October 2023. 23 October 2023. El Faro. Gabriel. Labrador. Julia. Gavarrete.
- Web site: "Veo a los Cinco Candidatos de Oposición como Jugadores de un Mismo Equipo". "I See the Five Opposition Candidates as Players of the Same Team. es. 19 December 2023. 19 December 2023. El Faro. Gabriel. Labrador.
- Web site: Participación Electoral 2024 Llegó al 60% en San Salvador Pero en La Unión fue 41%. 2024 Electoral Participation Reached 60% in San Salvador But Was 41% in La Unión. es. 7 August 2024. 7 August 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: Partidos de Oposición Continúan Buscando Llevar una Sola Candidatura Presidencial, Aseguró Villacorta. Opposition Parties Continue Seeking to Present a Single Presidential Candidacy, Assures Villacorta. es. 21 August 2023. 22 August 2023. La Noticia SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. Verónica. Martínez.
- Web site: W. Araujo: «Esta Elección se Termina el Día que el TSE Diga que Nayib Bukele es un Candidato Habilitado». W. Araujo: "This Election is Over the Day that the TSE Says that Nayib Bukele is a Registered Candidate". es. 13 October 2023. 15 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: 'Chino' Flores Insiste en que su Candidatura Presidencial es «la Más Genuina y Apegada a la Constitución». "Chino" Flores Insists that His Presidential Candidacy is "the Most Genuine and Connected to the Constitution". es. 27 July 2023. 27 July 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Vicepresidencial de Fuerza Solidaria: «Sé Que No Voy a Ganar», los Candidatos de Oposición no Tienen Ninguna Posibilidad. Vice Presidential Candidate of Solidary Force: "I Know I Will Not Win", the Opposition Candidates Do Not Have a Chance. es. 23 August 2023. 24 August 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: El Salvador Kicks Off Election Campaigns as Incumbent's Bid Faces Criticism Over Constitutionality. en. 3 October 2023. 3 October 2023. Reuters. Nelson. Renteria. Kylie. Madry. Josie. Kao. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Las Turbias Elecciones que Dieron a Bukele el Control Total de la Asamblea. The Turbulent Elections Which Gave Bukele Total Control of the Assembly. es. 1 March 2024. 3 March 2024. El Faro. Alex. Santos. Wilfredo. Robles. Daniel. Reyes.
- Web site: 2024 Election to Watch: El Salvador. en. 2 February 2024. 12 April 2024. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Oliver. Stuenkel.
- News: Opinión: Al Buscar la Reelección, Bukele Recrea la Vieja Historia del Caudillo Latinoamericano. Opinion: In Seeking Re-Election, Bukele Recreates the Old History of the Caudillo in Latin America. es. 19 September 2022. 12 January 2023. The Washington Post. Ricardo. Valencia.
- Web site: LatAm in Focus: Online Reach and Expat Votes in El Salvador's Election. en. 25 January 2024. 27 January 2024. AS/COA. Carin. Zissis. Chase. Harrison.
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Nayib Bukele, an Outsider Candidate, Claims Victory in El Salvador Election. en. 3 February 2019. 13 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221011050111/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/03/world/americas/salvador-bukele-election.html. 11 October 2022. The New York Times. Gene. Palumbo. Elisabeth. Malkin. live.
- Web site: Bukele Breaks El Salvador's Two-Party Hold on Power. 4 February 2019. 24 December 2022. en. Elizabeth. Gonzalez. AS/COA. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224201720/https://www.as-coa.org/articles/bukele-breaks-el-salvadors-two-party-hold-power. live.
- Web site: Se Cumplen Cuatro Años del Triunfo de Nayib Bukele Sobre el Bipartidismo. It Has Been Four Years Since Nayib Bukele's Triumph Over Bi-Partisanship. es. 4 February 2023. 3 February 2023. Diario la Huella. 5 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230205063159/https://diariolahuella.com/se-cumplen-cuatro-anos-del-triunfo-de-nayib-bukele-sobre-el-bipartidismo/. live.
- Multiple sources:
- Multiple sources:
- Web site: El Salvador: Police Abuses in Covid-19 Response. 15 April 2020. Human Rights Watch. 25 December 2022. en. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233238/https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/15/el-salvador-police-abuses-covid-19-response. live.
- Web site: El Salvador Parliament Denounces President's 'Attempted Coup'. 11 February 2020. 25 December 2022. BBC. en. 5 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200905170253/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-51458947. live.
- Web site: Salvador: Le Président Bukele Aurait (Aussi) Négocié Avec les Gangs. 8 September 2020. El Salvador: President Bukele Allegedly Negotiated with Gangs. fr. Courrier International. 25 December 2022. 22 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201022070547/https://www.courrierinternational.com/article/criminalite-salvador-le-president-bukele-aurait-aussi-negocie-avec-les-gangs. live.
- Web site: Nayib Bukele Niega Supuesto Pacto con Pandillas para Reducir Homicidios en El Salvador. Nayib Bukele Denies Alleged Pact with Gangs to Reduce Homicides in El Salvador. 4 September 2020. 25 December 2022. Merlin. Delcid. CNN en Español. es. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216032443/https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2020/09/04/nayib-bukele-niega-supuesto-pacto-con-pandillas-para-reducir-homicidios-en-el-salvador/. live.
- Web site: Renteria. Nelson. Hesson. Ted. 17 May 2021. U.S. Names El Salvador President's Aide on "Corrupt Officials" List. 25 December 2022. Reuters. 8 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210608190807/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/us-names-bukele-aide-el-salvador-corruption-list-2021-05-18/. live.
- Web site: In El Salvador, a Chastened Opposition Looks to Find Its Way. 31 May 2022. 8 September 2022. en. Chase. Harrison. Americas Quarterly. 9 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220909044217/https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/in-el-salvador-a-chastened-opposition-looks-to-find-its-way/. live.
- Web site: El Salvador's President Seizes Control of Top Court with Firing of Judges. en. Financial Times. 2 May 2021. 1 January 2023. Jude. Webber. subscription. 31 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221231172153/https://www.ft.com/content/e59496a6-a844-425c-85ed-98341a26093e. live.
- Web site: Elecciones 2021 – Diputados y Diputadas para Asamblea Legislativa. live. 2021 Elections – Deputies for the Legislative Assembly. es. March 2021. 16 September 2022. Supreme Electoral Court. https://web.archive.org/web/20220407043602/https://www.tse.gob.sv/documentos/elecciones/2021/escrutinio-final/reporte/02-Asamblea-Legislativa-conformacion-departamental.pdf. 7 April 2022.
- Web site: Elecciones 2021 – Conformación de Concejos Municipales. 2021 Elections – Formation of Municipal Councils. es. March 2021. 12 November 2022. Supreme Electoral Court. 7 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220707175530/https://www.tse.gob.sv/documentos/memoria-de-elecciones/2021/anexos/10-ANEXO-X-RESULTADOS-ELECCION-CONCEJOS-MUNICIPALES-2021.zip. live.
- Web site: Elecciones 2021 – Diputados al Parlamento Centroamericano. live. 2021 Elections – Deputies for the Central American Parliament. es. March 2021. 16 September 2022. Supreme Electoral Court. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121061729/https://www.tse.gob.sv/documentos/elecciones/2021/escrutinio-final/reporte/04-Parlacen-conformacion.pdf. 21 January 2022.
- Web site: Ernesto Castro, Favorito para Dirigir la Asamblea Legislativa. Ernesto Castro, Favorite to Lead the Legislative Assembly. 1 May 2021. 25 December 2022. La Prensa Gráfica. Segura. Edwin. es. 13 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210513114130/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/lpgdatos/Ernesto-Castro-favorito-para-dirigir-la-Asamblea-Legislativa-20210430-0095.html. live.
- News: El Salvador's President Launched a 'Self-Coup.' Watch for Creeping Corruption and Authoritarianism.. The Washington Post. 20 May 2021. 26 April 2023. en. Manuel. Meléndez-Sánchez. Steven. Levitsky. 6 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210606100412/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/05/20/el-salvadors-president-launched-self-coup-watch-creeping-corruption-authoritarianism/. live.
- Web site: 2024 Inicia Garantizando Seguridad de Salvadoreños. 2024 Begins Guaranteeing Security of Salvadorans. es. 11 January 2024. 12 January 2024. Diario la Huella. Lourdes. Rodríguez. 12 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240112030137/https://diariolahuella.com/2024-inicia-garantizando-seguridad-de-salvadorenos/. live.
- Web site: Hoy se Aprobaría 14ª Prórroga al Régimen y Oenegés Denuncian Muertes en Penales. Today's the 14th Extension to the State of Exception is Approved and NGOs Denounce Deaths in Prisons. El Mundo. 16 May 2023. 16 May 2023. es. Yolanda. Magaña. 16 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230516183353/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/hoy-se-aprobaria-14-prorroga-al-regimen-y-oeneges-denuncian-muertes-en-penales. live.
- Web site: El Salvador Committing 'Massive' Rights Violations, Amnesty Says. 2 June 2022. 25 December 2022. Al Jazeera. en. 4 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220604171619/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/2/el-salvador-committing-massive-rights-violations-amnesty-says. live.
- Web site: El Salvador: Evidence of Serious Abuse in State of Emergency. en. Human Rights Watch. 2 May 2022. 25 December 2022. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110151235/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/05/02/el-salvador-evidence-serious-abuse-state-emergency. live.
- Web site: El Salvador Murders Plummet by Over Half in 2022 Amid Gang Crackdown. https://web.archive.org/web/20230103203737/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/el-salvador-murders-plummet-by-over-half-2022-amid-gang-crackdown-2023-01-03/. 3 January 2023. 5 January 2023. 3 January 2023. Reuters. en. San Salvador, El Salvador. Nelson. Renteria.
- Web site: FMLN: El Régimen se Usa para Amedrentar la Oposición. FMLN: The State of Exception is Being Used to Intimidate the Opposition. es. 13 April 2023. 13 April 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 13 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230413180140/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-el-regimen-se-usa-para-amedrentar-la-oposicion. live.
- Web site: El Salvador's Millennial President is a Man with One Vision: Power. Los Angeles Times. 16 May 2021. 25 December 2022. Linthicum. Kate. 26 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220926110357/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-05-16/nayib-bukele-the-most-popular-president-in-the-world-is-a-man-with-one-ideology-power. live.
- Web site: Despite Claims of Authoritarianism, President Bukele's Popularity Continues to be Strong in El Salvador. Global Voices. 22 February 2021. Galdámez. Eddie. 25 December 2022. 7 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210607192204/https://globalvoices.org/2021/02/22/despite-claims-of-authoritarianism-president-bukeles-popularity-continues-to-be-strong-in-el-salvador/. live.
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- Web site: El Salvador Court Drops Ban on Presidential Re-Election. Marcos. Alemán. en. Associated Press. 5 September 2021. 5 September 2021. 6 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230606033203/https://apnews.com/article/elections-el-salvador-9dcbdb58df7fec5b43b289c3eb269730. live.
- Web site: Se Daña Relación EEUU–El Salvador con Resolución de Sala: Jean Manes. The US–El Salvador Relation Hurts with the Court's Resolution: Jean Manes. es. 5 September 2021. 4 May 2023. El Mundo. 4 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230504175646/https://diario.elmundo.sv/Pol%C3%ADtica/se-dana-relacion-eeuu-el-salvador-con-resolucion-de-sala-jean-manes. live.
- Web site: TSE Respetará Decisión Favorable a Bukele en El Salvador. TSE Will Respect the Favorable Decision to Bukele in El Salvador. es. 1 March 2023. 1 March 2023. Prensa Latina. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301193942/https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/03/01/tse-respetara-decision-favorable-a-bukele-en-el-salvador. live.
- Web site: Renteria. Nelson. Morland. Sarah. Madry. Kylie. 16 September 2022. Despite Prohibition, El Salvador President Bukele Says he will Seek Re-Election. 16 September 2022. Reuters. en. San Salvador, El Salvador. Jacqueline. Wong. Bradley. Perrett. 16 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220916054144/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/despite-prohibition-el-salvador-president-bukele-says-he-will-seek-re-election-2022-09-16/. live.
- Web site: Bukele en 2013: "La Constitución no Permite que la Misma Persona sea Presidente Dos Veces Seguidas". Bukele in 2013: "The Constitution Does Not Allow the Same Person to Be President Two Consecutive Times". es. 4 November 2023. 4 November 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate. Jessica. García. 5 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231105042307/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/bukele-contradice-sus-propias-declaraciones/1101498/2023/. live.
- Web site: Bukele Anuncia que se Postulará para la Reelección en 2024 Pese a las Dudas Sobre su Constitucionalidad. Bukele Announces that He Will Apply for Re-Election in 2024 Despite Doubts of Its Constitutionality. es. 16 September 2022. 6 May 2023. Univision. 19 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230519133719/https://www.univision.com/noticias/america-latina/nayib-bukele-anuncia-postulara-reeleccion-salvador. live.
- Web site: Presidente de El Salvador Buscará la Reelección a Pesar de Prohibición Constitucional. President of El Salvador Seeks Re-Election Despite Constitutional Prohibition. es. 16 September 2022. 6 May 2023. Telemundo. San Salvador, El Salvador. 7 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230507012722/https://www.telemundo52.com/noticias/mundo/el-salvador-bukele-reeleccion-presidencial-2024/2324596/. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Dio a Conocer Inscripción de Bukele y Ulloa como Precandidatos para Elecciones Presidenciales. Nuevas Ideas Made It Known the Registration of Bukele and Ulloa as Pre-Candidates for the Presidential Elections. es. 26 June 2023. 26 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriel. Campos. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110151145/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Nuevas-Ideas-dio-a-conocer-inscripcion-de-Bukele-y-Ulloa-como-precandidatos-para-elecciones-presidenciales-20230626-0008.html. live.
- Web site: Salvadoran President Bukele's Party Names Him as 2024 Candidate. en. 9 July 2023. 15 July 2023. Reuters. San Salvador, El Salvador. Nelson. Renteria. Anna-Catherine. Brigida. Tom. Hogue. 10 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230710122601/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/salvadoran-president-bukeles-party-names-him-2024-candidate-2023-07-10/. live.
- Web site: La Reelección en El Salvador es Sinónimo de Dictadura. Re-Election in El Salvador Rhymes with Dictatorship. es. 19 November 2021. 19 September 2023. El Faro. Nelson. Rauda Zablah. 18 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230918125020/https://elfaro.net/en/202309/el_salvador/27055/Reelection-in-El-Salvador-Rhymes-with-Dictatorship.htm. live.
- Web site: El Salvador's Slide Toward Authoritarianism. Ng. Johnathan. en. North American Congress on Latin America. 2 November 2022. 4 November 2022. 3 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221103155224/https://nacla.org/el-salvador-slide-toward-authoritarianism. live.
- Web site: Re-Election, Continuity and Hyper-Presidentialism in Latin America. en. Brookings Institution. Daniel. Zovatto. 12 February 2014. 26 April 2023. 26 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230426185912/https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/reelection-continuity-and-hyper-presidentialism-in-latin-america/. live.
- Web site: The Other Americans: El Salvador Joins the Tide of Illegal Re-Elections in Central America. en. The Progressive Magazine. 23 September 2022. 4 November 2022. Jeff. Abbott. 5 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221105045039/https://progressive.org/latest/other-americans-el-salvador-illegal-reelection-092322/. live.
- News: El Salvador's President is Running for Re-Election, Though Critics Say the Constitution Prohibits Him. en. 26 June 2023. 26 June 2023. The Washington Post. San Salvador, El Salvador. 26 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230626230718/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/06/26/el-salvador-nayib-bukele-reelection-constitution/26abcbd2-1436-11ee-9de3-ba1fa29e9bec_story.html. live.
- Web site: La Última Encuesta del CEC–UFG: Reelección, Coyuntura Política y Preferencias Electorales. The Most Recent Poll from CEC–UFG: Re-Election, Political Situation, and Electoral Preferences. es. 10 November 2022. 12 November 2022. Óscar. Picardo Joao. El Diario de Hoy. 11 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221111005344/https://www.elsalvador.com/opinion/editoriales/encuesta-de-poblacion-activa-/1014401/2022/. live.
- News: Nayib Bukele Asegura que "No Busca" una "Reelección Indefinida" en El Salvador. Nayib Bukele Assures that He Will "Not Seek" an "Indefinite Re-Election" in El Salvador. es. 3 January 2024. 4 January 2024. El Comercio. 5 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240105010435/https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/centroamerica/nayib-bukele-asegura-que-no-busca-una-reeleccion-indefinida-en-el-salvador-nuevas-ideas-sala-de-lo-constitucional-de-la-corte-suprema-de-justicia-maximiliano-hernandez-martinez-ultimas-noticia/. live.
- Web site: El Salvador President's Re-election Bid Despite Constitutional Ban Draws Strong Reaction. en. Los Angeles Times. Marcos. Alemán. 16 September 2022. 16 September 2022. 16 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230316041959/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-09-16/el-salvador-presidents-re-election-bid-draws-strong-reaction. live.
- Web site: Constitucionalista Reitera Prohibición de Reelección en El Salvador. Constitutionalist Reiterates the Prohibition of Re-election in El Salvador. es. 16 February 2023. 17 February 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Lissette. Mondragón. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110220715/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Constitucionalista-reitera-prohibicion-de-reeleccion-en-El-Salvador-20230215-0099.html. live.
- Web site: "En El Fondo Todo Está Viciado", Dice Abogado Sobre la Inscripción de Bukele como Precandidato Presidencial. "Deep Down, Everything Is Flawed", Says Lawyer Regarding Bukele's Registration as a Presidential Pre-Candidate. es. 26 June 2023. 26 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Juan Carlos. Mejía. 26 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230626205019/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/accion-ciudadana-constitucion-de-la-republica-elecciones-2024-felix-ulloa-nayib-bukele-reeleccion-sala-lo-constitucional-breaking-news/1071144/2023/. live.
- Web site: Manuel Flores, Precandidato del FMLN, le Recuerda a Bukele que la Reelección es "Inconstitucional". Manuel Flores, Pre-Candidate of the FMLN, Reminds Bukele that Re-Election is "Unconstitutional". es. 26 June 2023. 26 June 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Lissette. Lemus. 26 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230626154042/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-manuel-flores-fmln-precandidato/1071135/2023/. live.
- Web site: Rubén Zamora Pide a los Diputados Suspender los Derechos de Ciudadano al Presidente Bukele por Haberse Inscrito como Precandidato en NI. Rubén Zamora Asks the Deputies to Suspend President Bukele's Citizen Rights for Having Registered Himself as a Pre-Candidate in Nuevas Ideas. es. 26 June 2023. 27 June 2023. La Nación SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. Verónica. Martínez. 26 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230626163845/https://lanoticiasv.com/ruben-zamora-pide-a-los-diputados-suspender-los-derechos-de-ciudadano-al-presidente-bukele-por-haberse-inscrito-como-precandidato-en-ni/. live.
- Web site: Claudia Ortiz Busca Pretextos para Coartar el Derecho Ciudadano de Brindar la Reelección al Presidente Bukele. Claudia Ortiz Seeks Pretexts to Restrict the Citizen's Right to Offer Re-Election to President Bukele. es. 27 June 2023. 28 June 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. 27 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230627221019/https://lanoticiasv.com/claudia-ortiz-busca-pretextos-para-coartar-el-derecho-ciudadano-de-brindar-la-reeleccion-al-presidente-bukele/. live.
- Web site: Siete Organizaciones de Izquierda Anuncian Marcha Contra Régimen y Reelección. Seven Leftist Organizations Announce March Against State of Exception and Re-Election. es. 12 April 2023. 12 April 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. El Mundo. 12 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230412220219/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/siete-organizaciones-de-izquierda-anuncian-marcha-contra-regimen-y-reeleccion. live.
- Web site: Organizaciones, Sindicatos y Trabajadores Marchan para Conmemorar el 1 de Mayo. Organization, Syndicates, and Workers March to Commemorate 1 May. es. 1 May 2023. 1 May 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Lissette. Lemus. Milton. Rodríguez. 1 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230501190122/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/organizaciones-sindicatos-trabajadores-marchan-1demayo/1057907/2023/. live.
- Web site: Empleados Gubernamentales y Algunos Sindicatos Conmemoraron el Día Internacional del Trabajo. Government Employees and Some Syndicates Commemorate the International Day of Labor. es. 1 May 2023. 1 May 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Alfredo. Rodríguez. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233240/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Empleados-gubernamentales-y-algunos-sindicatos-se-concentran-para-conmemorar-al-Dia-Internacional-del-Trabajo-20230501-0006.html. live.
- Web site: Médicos, Candidatos Presidenciales y Diputados en Marcha Contra Reelección, Falta de Medicinas y Capturas de Inocentes. Doctors, Presidential Candidates and Deputies March Against Re-Election, Lack of Medicine, and the Capture of Innocents. es. 15 September 2023. 15 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 15 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230915222221/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/medicos-candidatos-presidenciales-y-diputados-en-marcha-contra-reeleccion-falta-de-medicinas-y-capturas-de-inocentes. live.
- Web site: Organizaciones Anuncian Marcha el 15 de Septiembre Contra la Reelección. Organizations Announce a March on 15 September Against Re-Election. es. 11 September 2023. 11 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 11 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230911172515/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/organizaciones-anuncian-marcha-el-15-de-septiembre-contra-la-reeleccion. live.
- Web site: Presentan una 10ª Petición de Nulidad de la Candidatura de Nayib Bukele. They Presented the 10th Petition to Nullify Nayib Bukele's Candidacy. es. 8 November 2023. 8 November 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Lissette. Mondragón. 23 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231223002117/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Presentan-una-10-peticion-de-nulidad-de-la-candidatura-de-Nayib-Bukele-20231107-0080.html. live.
- Web site: TSE Dice que Resolución Sobre Candidatura de Nayib Bukele en Elecciones 2024 Está en Firme. TSE Says the Resolution Regarding Nayib Bukele in the 2024 Elections is Firm. es. 10 November 2023. 11 November 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233355/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/TSE-dice-que-resolucion-sobre-candidatura-de-Bukele-esta-en-firme-20231109-0097.html. live.
- Web site: Vicepresidente Reitera que Nayib Bukele Deberá Pedir Licencia Seis Meses Antes. The Vice President Reiterates that Nayib Bukele Should Request a Leave of Absence Six Months Before the Election. es. 10 February 2023. 21 February 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. El Mundo. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221210345/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/vicepresidente-reitera-que-nayib-bukele-debera-pedir-licencia-seis-meses-antes. live.
- Web site: Félix Ulloa: "Se Trata de un Segundo Mandato", no Reelección. Félix Ulloa: "Its a Matter of a Second Mandate", Not Re-Election. es. 24 April 2023. 24 April 2023. El Mundo. 24 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230424225731/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/felix-ulloa-se-trata-de-un-segundo-mandato-no-reeleccion. live.
- Web site: Bukele Podría Perder el Fuero y ser Procesado Judicialmente al Renunciar a su Cargo, Dice Abogado Constitucionalista. Bukele Could Lose Jurisdiction and Be Judicially Processed upon Resigning His Position, Says Constitutional Lawyer. es. 2 May 2023. 2 May 2023. Milton. Rodríguez. El Diario de Hoy. 2 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230502192731/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/nayib-bukele-gabinete-redes-sociales-constitucion-sala-de-lo-constitucional-la-republica/1058177/2023/. live.
- Web site: El Salvador: Renuncia Presidencial "No Anularía Inconstitucionalidad de Reelección". El Salvador: Presidential Resignation "Does Not Annul the Unconstitutionality of Re-Election". es. La Prensa Gráfica. 27 April 2023. 2 May 2023. Gabriela. Villarroel. Denni. Portillo. 27 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230427084206/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Renuncia-presidencial-no-anularia-inconstitucionalidad-de-reeleccion-20230426-0108.html. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Confirma que Bukele Renunciará en Diciembre. Nuevas Ideas Confirms that Bukele Will Resign in December. es. 12 July 2023. 12 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriella. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233355/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Nuevas-Ideas-confirma-que-Bukele-renunciara-en-diciembre-20230711-0093.html. live.
- Web site: Bukele Anuncia Que Pedirá Licencia Para Dedicarse a La Campaña y Le Pide Al Fiscal Que Investigue A Su Gabinete. Bukele Announces He Will Seek Leave of Absence to Dedicate Himself to His Campaign and Asks the Attorney General to Investigate His Cabinet. es. 28 November 2023. 28 November 2023. El Mundo. Magaña. Yolanda. 29 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231129033228/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-anuncia-que-pedira-licencia-para-dedicarse-a-la-campana-y-le-pide-al-fiscal-que-investigue-a-su-gabinete. live. }
- Web site: Asamblea Otorga Permiso a Bukele para que Realice Campaña. Assembly Grants Bukele Permission to Realize His Campaign. es. 30 November 2023. 30 November 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriel. Campos Madrid. 1 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231201233327/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Asamblea-otorga-permiso-a-Bukele-para-que-realice-campana-20231130-0091.html. live.
- Web site: Secretaria Privada de Bukele Ocupará la Presidencia Durante Licencia del Mandatario. Private Secretary of Bukele Will Occupy the Presidency During Leave of Absence of the Incumbent. es. 1 December 2023. 2 December 2023. Swiss Info. San Salvador, El Salvador. 2 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202102644/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/el-salvador-elecciones_secretaria-privada-de-bukele-ocupar%C3%A1-la-presidencia-durante-licencia-del-mandatario/49021872. live.
- Web site: Claudia Juana Rodríguez Sustituye Ilegalmente a Bukele en los Últimos Seis Meses de su Presidencia. Claudia Juana Rodríguez Illegally Substitutes Bukele in the Final Six Months of His Presidency. es. 1 December 2023. 1 December 2023. Gato Encerrado. Eugenia. Velásquez. Beatriz. Benítez. 1 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231201234422/https://gatoencerrado.news/2023/12/01/sustituye-ilegalmente-a-bukele-en-los-ultimos-seis-meses-de-su-presidencia/. live.
- Web site: La Nueva Presidenta Interina de El Salvador Era Hasta Ayer la Secretaria Privada de Bukele. The New Interim President of El Salvador Was Until Yesterday the Private Secretary of Bukele. es. 1 December 2023. 1 December 2023. Associated Press. 2 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231202220548/https://apnews.com/world-news/general-news-e03108ba9371398ad529cf44b8259d1f. live.
- Web site: Aprueban Hasta 15 Años de Prisión por Fraude y Bloquear Inscripción de Candidatos en Elecciones. They Approved Up to 15 Years of Prison for Fraud and Blocking the Inscription of Candidates in Elections. es. El Mundo. 18 January 2023. 18 January 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. 19 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230119063807/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/aprueban-hasta-15-anos-de-prision-por-fraude-y-bloquear-inscripcion-de-candidatos-en-elecciones. live.
- Web site: Oficialismo Aprueba Cárcel de Hasta 20 Años por Impedir a Candidatos Inscribirse para Elecciones. They Officially Approved Prison for up to 20 Years for Impeding a Candidate's Registration for Elections. es. 18 February 2023. 1 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301191720/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-voto-en-el-exterior-diaspora-salvadorena-codigo-penal-fraude-electoral-/1033002/2023/. live.
- Web site: Reforma Penal que Impone Hasta 20 Años de Cárcel por Obstaculizar Candidaturas ya Entró en Vigencia. Penal Reform which Imposes up to 20 Years Imprisonment for Obstructing Candidacies Already Entered into Force. es. 28 February 2023. 1 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301093224/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-tse-nayib-bukele-reeleccion-codigo-penal-julio-olivo-elecciones-2024-/1043451/2023/. live.
- Web site: Magistrado del TSE Propone Uso del Sistema Biométrico para Elecciones 2024. TSE Magistrate Proposes the Use of a Biometric System for the 2024 Elections. es. El Diario de Hoy. 28 January 2023. 30 January 2023. Milton. Rodríguez. 30 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230130021946/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/magistrado-tse-propone-uso-sistema-biometrico-elecciones-2024/1035339/2023/. live.
- Web site: ¿Cómo el TSE Comprobará la Identidad del Votante en el Exterior en 2024?. How Will the TSE Verify the Identity of Voters in the Exterior in 2024?. El Mundo. 30 January 2023. 30 January 2023. Verónica. Crespín. 30 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230130123858/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/como-el-tse-comprobara-la-identidad-del-votante-en-el-exterior-en-2024. live.
- Web site: PDDH Tendrá Observatorio de Elecciones 2024. PDDH Will Be an Observer of the 2024 Elections. es. El Mundo. 10 February 2023. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221211244/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/pddh-tendra-observatorio-de-elecciones-2024. live.
- News: Campos Madrid. Gabriel. 21 June 2022. Lanzan Iniciativa "Votante". They Begin Initiative "Votante". La Prensa Gráfica. 16 March 2023. es. 16 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230316200734/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Lanzan-iniciativa-Votante-20220620-0064.html. live.
- Web site: TSE Inicia las Gestiones para la Observación de Elecciones 2024. TSE Begins Negotiations for Observation of the 2024 Elections. es. 27 March 2023. 27 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 27 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230327124841/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-inicia-las-gestiones-para-la-observacion-de-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: TSE Invita a la Unión Europea para Observación Electoral 2024. TSE Invites the European Union to Observe the 2024 Election. es. 14 September 2023. 14 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 14 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230914214335/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-invita-a-la-union-europea-para-observacion-electoral-2024. live.
- Web site: El TSE Aprobó la Empresa Auditora para el Voto Nacional y en el Extranjero para las Elecciones de 2024. The TSE Approved the Auditory Company for the National and Exterior Vote for the 2024 Elections. es. 21 September 2023. 21 September 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002104034/https://lanoticiasv.com/el-tse-aprobo-la-empresa-auditora-para-el-voto-nacional-y-en-el-extranjero-para-las-elecciones-de-2024/. live.
- Web site: OEA Nombró a Exvicepresidenta de Panamá Jefa de Observación para las Elecciones 2024. OAS Named the Former Vice President of Panama as the Head of Observation for the 2024 Elections. es. 12 January 2024. 15 January 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Abigail. Parada. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233245/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/oea-nombro-expresidenta-panama-observacion-elecciones/1116184/2024/. live.
- Web site: A Firma Un Convenio Con El Tec de Monterrey Para Auditar Voto Electrónico. Agreement Signed With Monterrey TEC to Audit Electronic Voting. es. 5 October 2023. 6 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233243/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/A-firma-un-Convenio--con-el-Tec-de-Monterrey-para-auditar-voto-electronico-20231005-0098.html/. live.
- Web site: TSE Firma Contrato CGTS, que Auditará el Voto Electrónico Salvadoreño de 2024. TSE Signs Agreement with CGTS, which Will Audit the 2024 Salvadoran Electoral Vote. es. 10 October 2023. 10 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 11 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231011014219/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-firma-contrato-cgts-que-auditara-el-voto-electronico-salvadoreno-de-2024. live.
- Web site: Asamblea Aprueba Voto Electrónico en el Exterior para Presidenciales y Legislativas de 2024. Assembly Approves Electronic Voting in the Exterior for Presidential and Legislative Elections in 2024. es. El Mundo. 18 October 2022. 2 January 2023. 2 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102194616/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asamblea-aprueba-voto-electronico-en-el-exterior-para-presidenciales-y-legislativas-de-2024. live.
- Web site: Nueva Ley de Voto en Exterior no Aplicará para Parlacen y Concejos Municipales. New Law of the Exterior Vote does not Apply to PARLACEN or Municipal Councils. es. 17 October 2022. 2 January 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 2 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102201029/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nueva-ley-de-voto-en-exterior-no-aplicara-para-parlacen-y-concejos-municipales. live.
- Web site: TSE se Compromete a una Elección Transparente. TSE Commits to a Transparent Election. 17 November 2022. 12 December 2022. es. Milton. Rodríguez. El Diario de Hoy. 13 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221213012956/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/tse-promete-eleccion-transparente/1016892/2022/. live.
- Web site: Más de 600 Mil Personas en el Exterior Podrán Votar en 2024, Dice el TSE. More than 600 Thousand People Abroad Could Vote in 2024, Says the TSE. 2 November 2022. 12 December 2022. es. Milton. Rodríguez. El Diario de Hoy. 13 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221213012959/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/tse-voto-en-el-exterior-estados-unidos-/1012597/2022/. live.
- Web site: Estadístico de Ciudadanos Agrupados por Genero y Rango de Edad, Ordenado por Departamento y Municipio de Domicilio DUIs Aprobados. Statistics of Citizens Grouped by Gender and Age Range, Ordered by Department and Municipalities of Approved DUIs Addresses. es. 19 August 2023. 7 September 2023. Supreme Electoral Court. 18. 8 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230908033522/https://www.tse.gob.sv/laip_tse/index.php/estadisticas-registro-electoral?download=1805:rel-estadistica-2023-08-19-final-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: El Salvador's Bukele Claims Election Win Before Official Results Announced. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. Al Jazeera. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205020126/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/4/el-salvador-votes-with-nayib-bukele-poised-for-second-presidential-term. live.
- Web site: Rubén Zamora: Ley del Voto Exterior es una "Farsa" para Hacer Fraude en 2024. Rubén Zamora: Law of Exterior Voting is a "Farse" to make Fraud in 2024. El Diario de Hoy. 12 December 2022. 3 November 2022. Milton. Rodríguez. es. 13 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221213012957/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/tse-magistrado-presidente-del-elecciones-legislativas-presidenciales-nuevas-ideas-bancada-de-nayib-bukele/1013035/2022/. live.
- Web site: Mecanismo de Voto en el Exterior Aprobado por Asamblea Abre Puerta al Fraude, Señala Oposición. Voting Mechanism in the Exterior Approved by the Assembly Opens the Door to Fraud, Signals Opposition. es. El Diario de Hoy. 18 October 2022. 24 December 2022. Eugenia. Velásquez. 24 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221224192556/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-voto-en-el-exterior-oposicion-politica-arena-fmln-vamos-nuestro-tiempo-nayib-bukele-/1008271/2022/. live.
- Web site: Voto Electrónico Aumenta Riesgo de Manipulación: Acción Ciudadana Sobre Sufragio en el Exterior. Electronic Vote Allows Risk of Manipulation: Citizen Action on Suffrage in the Exterior. es. La Prensa Gráfica. 7 July 2022. 10 January 2022. 8 July 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220708190948/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Voto-electronico-aumenta-riesgo-de-manipulacion-Accion-Ciudadana-sobre-sufragio-en-el-exterior-20220707-0039.html. live.
- Web site: Diputado Ernesto Castro Rechaza Argumentos de «Fraude» de la Oposición en Elecciones 2024. Deputy Ernesto Castro Rejects the Opposition's Arguments of "Fraud" in the 2024 Elections. es. 1 November 2022. 25 December 2022. Diario la Huella. 26 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221226003431/https://diariolahuella.com/diputado-ernesto-castro-rechaza-argumentos-de-fraude-de-la-oposicion-en-elecciones-2024/. live.
- Web site: TSE no Verifica las Elecciones Internas de los Partidos Políticos. TSE Will Not Verify the Primary Elections of the Political Parties. es. 1 July 2023. 2 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 2 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230702083304/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-no-verifica-las-elecciones-internas-de-los-partidos-politicos. live.
- Web site: Miembros de Nuevas Ideas Reclaman "Irregularidades" en Proceso Interno. Members of Nuevas Ideas Claim "Irregularities" in the Internal Process. es. 23 June 2023. 23 June 2023. Gabriela. Villarroel. La Prensa Gráfica. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233755/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Miembros-de-Nuevas-Ideas-reclaman-irregularidades-en-proceso-interno-20230622-0091.html. live.
- Web site: Nueva Ideas Garantizará Orden y Cumplimiento de Estatutos y Reglamentos en Elecciones Internas 2023. Nuevas Ideas Will Guarantee Order and the Compliance of the Statutes and Regulations in the 2023 Primary Elections. es. 1 July 2023. 2 July 2023. Diario la Huella. 2 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230702085233/https://diariolahuella.com/nueva-ideas-garantizara-orden-y-cumplimiento-de-estatutos-y-reglamentos-en-elecciones-internas-2023/. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Inhabilita a Rebeca Santos para Participar en Elecciones 2024. Nuevas Ideas Inhabilitates Rebeca Santos from Participating in the 2024 Elections. es. 31 July 2023. 31 July 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 1 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230801024847/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuevas-ideas-inhabilita-a-rebeca-santos-para-participar-en-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: Crespín. Verónica. Mayra Zetino, Alcaldesa de Sacacoyo, Renuncia a GANA. Mayra Zetizo, Mayor of Sacacoyo, Renounces GANA. es. 30 June 2023. 30 June 2023. El Mundo. 30 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230630191500/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/mayra-zetino-alcaldesa-de-sacacoyo-renuncia-a-gana. live.
- Web site: Diputado Gallegos Desmiente que haya Irregularidades en GANA como Señaló Mayra Zetino. Deputy Guillermo Gallegos Disproves that there are Irregularities in GANA as Mayra Zetino Signaled. es. 3 July 2023. 5 July 2023. La Noticia SV. Carlos. Hernández. 5 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230705082249/https://lanoticiasv.com/diputado-gallegos-desmiente-que-haya-irregularidades-en-gana-como-senalo-mayra-zetino/. live.
- Web site: ¿Confían los Salvadoreños en las Próximas Elecciones?. Do Salvadorans Trust the Upcoming Elections?. es. 17 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 17 July 2023. 17 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230717154935/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/confian-los-salvadorenos-en-las-proximas-elecciones. live.
- Web site: IUDOP: 45% de la Población Cree que Elecciones Serán Limpias y 31% Dice Habrá Fraude. IUDOP: 45% of the Population Believes the Election Will Be Clean and 31% Says There Will Be Fraud. es. 6 December 2023. 6 December 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 7 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231207163620/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/iudop-45-de-la-poblacion-cree-que-elecciones-seran-limpias-y-31-dice-habra-fraude. live.
- Web site: Pasar de 262 a 50 Municipios Puede Crear "Manipulación Electoral", Señalan Abogados y Economistas. Going from 262 to 50 Municipalities Can Create "Electoral Manipulation", Signals Lawyers and Economists. es. El Diario de Hoy. 2 January 2023. 5 January 2023. Eugenia. Velásquez. 5 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230105190615/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-legislativas-municipales-segregacion-de-municipios-nayib-bukele-accion-ciudadana-cristosal-/1028984/2023/. live.
- Web site: Intención de Bukele de Reducir Municipios es para Concentrar Más Poder, Afirman Expertos. Bukele's Intention to Reduce Municipalities is to Concentrate More Power, Affirm Experts. es. El Diario de Hoy. 3 January 2023. 5 January 2023. Eugenia. Velásquez. 4 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230104064814/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/alcaldias-asamblea-legislativa-nayib-bukele/1028982/2023/. live.
- Web site: Reducir Municipios Generaría un Efecto para Deteriorar las Elecciones Municipales, Reitera Acción Ciudadana. Reducing Municipalities Will Generate and Effect to Deteriorate the Municipal Elections, Reiterates Citizen Action. 5 January 2023. 5 January 2023. es. El Diario de Hoy. Abigail. Parada. 5 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230105180536/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/accion-ciudadana-reduccion-municipal/1029584/2023/. live.
- Web site: Reducción de Municipios Debe Ser con Base en Censo, Señala VAMOS. Municipality Reduction Should be Based on Census, Signals VAMOS. 4 January 2022. 5 January 2022. Eugenia. Velásquez. El Diario de Hoy. 5 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230105071528/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/reduccion-municipios-debe-ser-base-censo/1029562/2023/. live.
- Web site: Expectativas en El Salvador Sobre Reducción de los Municipios. Expectations in El Salvador on the Reduction of the Municipalities. es. Prensa Latina. 3 January 2023. 5 January 2023. 4 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230104065940/https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/01/03/expectativas-en-el-salvador-sobre-reduccion-de-los-municipios. live.
- Web site: Gallegos Sugiere Reducir la Cantidad de Diputados en Asamblea Legislativa. Gallegos Suggests Reducing the Number of Deputies in the Legislative Assembly. es. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 4 January 2023. 5 January 2023. 5 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230105191645/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/gallegos-sugiere-reducir-la-cantidad-de-diputados-en-asamblea-legislativa. live.
- Web site: Gana Fuerza Propuesta de Reordenar Municipios en El Salvador. The Proposal to Reorder Municipalities in El Salvador Gains Force. es. Prensa Latina. 11 January 2023. 17 January 2023. San Salvador, El Salvador. 18 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230118003107/https://www.prensa-latina.cu/2023/01/11/gana-fuerza-propuesta-de-reordenar-municipios-en-el-salvador. live.
- Web site: Oficialismo Evalúa Proponer Reducción en el Número de los Municipios y Diputados. Officials Evaluate Proposing Reduction in the Number of Municipalities and Deputies. es. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Lissette. Mondragón. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233844/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Oficialismo-evalua-proponer-reduccion-en-el-numero-de--los-municipios-y-diputados-20230220-0100.html. live.
- Web site: Oposición con Dudas ante Propuesta para Reducir Cantidad de Diputados. Opposition with Doubts of the Proposition to Reduce the Number of Deputies. es. 22 February 2023. 22 February 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222161011/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/oposicion-con-dudas-ante-propuesta-para-reducir-cantidad-de-diputados. live.
- Web site: ¿Se Suspenden las Reformas Electorales un Año Antes de Elecciones?. Are Electoral Reforms Suspended One Year Before Elections?. es. 7 February 2023. 21 February 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221182254/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/se-suspenden-las-reformas-electorales-un-ano-antes-de-elecciones. live.
- Web site: Asamblea Elimina Prohibición de Cambiar Reglas Electorales Un Año Antes de Comicios. Assembly Eliminates Prohibition to Change Electoral Rules One Year Before Elections. es. 15 March 2023. 16 March 2023. Eugenia. Velásquez. El Diario de Hoy. 16 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230316032734/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-tse-nuevas-ideas-christian-guevara-elecciones-2024-arena-/1047158/2023/. live.
- Web site: Portillo Cuadra: Reforma que Deroga Artículo para Cambiar Reglas Electorales es "Inconstitucional". Portillo Cuadra: Reform which Removed Article to Change Electoral Rules is "Unconstitutional". es. 22 March 2023. 22 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 22 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230322212957/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-tse-elecciones-2024-rene-portillo-cuadra-constitucion-reformas-electorales-/1048732/2023/. live.
- Web site: Electoral Reforms in El Salvador Pave Way for Further Consolidation of Power. 23 March 2023. 26 March 2023. en. Washington Office on Latin America. Washington, D.C., United States. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326081756/https://www.wola.org/2023/03/electoral-reforms-el-salvador-consolidation-of-power/. live.
- Web site: Encuesta UFG: la Mitad de Salvadoreños Cree que el País Tiene 50 Municipios. UFG Poll: Half of Salvadorans Believe that the Country has 50 Municipalities. es. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. El Mundo. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221144401/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/encuesta-ufg-la-mitad-de-salvadorenos-cree-que-el-pais-tiene-50-municipios. live.
- Web site: Mitad de la Población Está de Acuerdo con Reducción de Municipios. Half of the Population Agrees with the Reduction of Municipalities. es. 27 March 2023. 27 March 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 27 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230327170929/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/mitad-de-la-poblacion-esta-de-acuerdo-con-reduccion-de-municipios. live.
- Web site: Cuatro de Cada 10 Ciudadanos se Opondrían a Reducción de Municipios en El Salvador. Four of Ever 10 Citizens Would Oppose the Reduction of Municipalities in El Salvador. es. 7 June 2023. 7 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 7 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607071707/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Cuatro-de-cada-10-ciudadanos-se-opondrian-a-reduccion-de-municipios-en-El-Salvador-20230606-0106.html. live.
- Web site: 66.9% de Población a Favor de Reducción de los Municipios. 66.9% of the Population in Favor of the Reduction of Municipalities. es. 29 September 2023. 29 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 29 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230929103650/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/669-de-poblacion-a-favor-de-reduccion-de-los-municipios. live.
- Web site: En Vivo: "Vamos a Reducir el Número de Alcaldías en el País de 262 a 44": Bukele en su Discurso por Cuarto Año de Gobierno. Live: "We Will Reduce the Number of Mayorships in the Country from 262 to 44": Bukele in His Speech for Four Years of Government. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602023602/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/EN-VIVO-Presdiente-Nayib-Bukele-da-discurso-por-cuatro-anos-de-Gobierno-20230601-0066.html. live.
- Web site: Bukele Pide Reducir de 262 a 44 Municipios y de 84 Diputados a 60. Bukele Ask to Reduce from 262 to 44 Municipalities and from 84 Deputies to 60. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 1 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230601232449/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/arena-asamblea-johnny-wright-sol-nayib-bukele-nuestro-tiempo-rene-portillo-cuadra-cuarto-ano/1065243/2023/. live.
- Web site: Bukele Pide Reducir a 44 Alcaldías y 60 Diputados de Asamblea Legislativa. Bukele Asks to Reduce to 44 Mayorships and 60 Deputies of the Legislative Assembly. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602031431/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-pide-reducir-a-44-alcaldias-y-60-diputados-de-asamblea-legislativa. live.
- Web site: Presidente Bukele Anuncia Reducción a 60 Diputados. President Bukele Announces Reduction to 60 Deputies. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. Diario la Huella. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602051057/https://diariolahuella.com/presidente-bukele-anuncia-reduccion-a-60-diputados/. live.
- Web site: Aprueban Reducción a 60 Diputados y Eliminan Diputaciones por Residuos. They Approve the Reduction to 60 Deputies and Eliminate Deputations for Residues. es. 7 June 2023. 7 June 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 7 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607124020/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/aprueban-reduccion-a-60-diputados-y-eliminan-diputaciones-por-residuos. live.
- Web site: Asamblea Aprueba Reducir de 262 a 44 el Número de Municipios en El Salvador. The Assembly Approves to Reduce the Number of Municipalities in El Salvador from 262 to 44. es. El Diario de Hoy. 13 June 2023. 13 June 2023. Jessica. García. 14 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614014711/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-legislativa-aprueba-ley-reduccion-municipios/1068062/2023/. live.
- Web site: Así Respondió ARENA al Discurso de Bukele Ante la Asamblea Legislativa. This Is How ARENA Responded to Bukele's Speech Before the Legislative Assembly. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602064828/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asi-respondio-arena-al-discurso-de-bukele-ante-la-asamblea-legislativa. live.
- Web site: Bukele Pide Reducción de 262 a 44 Alcaldías y de 84 a 60 Diputados. Bukele Asks for Reduction from 262 to 44 Mayorships and from 84 to 60 Deputies. El Mundo. es. 2 June 2023. 2 June 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. Susana. Peñate. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602135741/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-pide-reduccion-de-262-a-44-alcaldias-y-de-84-a-60-diputados. live.
- Web site: FMLN Califica de "Fraude" Reducción de Municipios y Diputados Antes de Elecciones 2024. FMLN Describes the Reduction of Municipalities and Deputies Before the 2024 Elections as "Fraud". es. 2 June 2023. 2 June 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602211722/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-califica-de-fraude-reduccion-de-municipios-y-diputados-antes-de-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: Bukelismo Extingue Fórmula Electoral que Favorecía a Minorías. Bukelism Extinguishes the Electoral Formula which Favors Minorities. es. 9 June 2023. 10 June 2023. Gabriel. Labrador. El Faro. 9 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230609204457/https://elfaro.net/es/202306/el_salvador/26882/Bukelismo-extingue-f%C3%B3rmula-electoral-que-favorec%C3%ADa-a-minor%C3%ADas.htm. live.
- Web site: El Salvador Slashes Size of Congress Ahead of Elections. en. 7 June 2023. 7 June 2023. Reuters. San Salvador, El Salvador. Nelson. Renteria. Kylie. Madry. Bill. Berkrot. 7 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607165502/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/el-salvador-slashes-size-congress-ahead-elections-2023-06-07/. live.
- Web site: Bukele: Nueva Regla es Convencer a la Gente de Votar por Candidatos. Bukele: New Rule is Convince the People to Vote for Candidates. es. 7 June 2023. 7 June 2023. El Mundo. Magdalena. Reyes. 7 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230607204459/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-nueva-regla-es-convencer-a-la-gente-de-votar-por-candidatos. live.
- Web site: Reducción de Municipios se Hizo de Manera "Arbitraria y Antojadiza... y Aleja el Gobierno Local de la Gente", Señala Cristosal. The Reduction of Municipalities was Done in a Manner which was "Arbitrary and Whimsical... and Distances the Local Government from the People", Signals Cristosal. es. 13 June 2023. 13 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Ronald. Erazo. 13 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230613214419/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Reduccion-de-municipios-se-hizo-de-manera-arbitraria-y-antojadiza...-y-aleja-el-Gobierno-local-de-la-gente-senala-Cristosal-20230613-0009.html. live.
- Web site: Los Nuevos Distritos Perderán Representación y Autonomía, Advierten Expertos. The New Districts Will Lose Representation and Autonomy, Say Experts. es. 13 June 2023. 13 June 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 14 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614064428/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/reduccion-de-municipios-segregacion-fondo-para-elfodes-desarrollo-economico-y-social-los-asamblea-legislativa-nayib-bukele-alcaldias/1068157/2023/. live.
- Web site: Asamblea Aprueba 44 Municipios y Sube Población Representada por Regidor. The Assembly Approves 44 Municipalities and Raises the Population Represented per Alderman. es. 13 June 2023. 13 June 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 14 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614052140/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asamblea-aprueba-44-municipios-y-sube-poblacion-representada-por-regidor. live.
- Web site: El Salvador Necesita una Agenda de Reformas Electorales, Dice Eurodiputado. El Salvador Needs an Agenda for Electoral Reforms, Says European Deputy. 28 October 2021. 12 November 2021. es. swissinfo.ch. 13 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211113050937/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/el-salvador-elecciones_el-salvador-necesita-una-agenda-de-reformas-electorales--dice-eurodiputado/47066778. live.
- Web site: Constitution of El Salvador. https://web.archive.org/web/20150103200933/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/ElSalvador1983English.pdf. 15 December 1983. 3 January 2015. 12 November 2021. en. University of Richmond. Articles 78–80. dead.
- Web site: El Salvador Fija Elección Presidencial para Febrero 2024. El Salvador Fixes Presidential Election for February 2024. es. Associated Press. 11 August 2022. 16 November 2022. San Salvador, El Salvador. 17 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221117015304/https://apnews.com/article/bbda3951657a87a8772b735acd6e9421. live.
- Web site: Centros de Votación Abiertos de 7:00 a.m a 5:00 p.m.. Voting Centers Open from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.. es. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. Diario la Huella. 4 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240204043304/https://diariolahuella.com/centros-de-votacion-abiertos-de-700-a-m-a-500-p-m/. live.
- Book: Nohlen. Dieter. Dieter Nohlen. Elections in the Americas A Data Handbook Volume 1: North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. en. 2005. 9 January 2023. Oxford University Press. Oxford, United Kingdom. 9780191557934. 58051010. 272–274. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164822/https://books.google.com/books?id=-xZREAAAQBAJ. live.
- Web site: ¿Qué es el Método D'Hondt, el Nuevo Sistema de Elección?. What is the D'Hondt Method, the New Election System?. es. 8 June 2023. 6 September 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Lissette. Mondragón. 8 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230608090630/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/amp/elsalvador/Que-es-el-metodo-DHondt-el-nuevo-sistema-de-eleccion-20230607-0117.html. live.
- Web site: Partidos Aspiran a Tener Más Alcaldes y Diputados en 2024. Parties Aspire to Have More Mayors and Deputies in 2024. 12 December 2022. 2 January 2023. Verónica. Crespín. es. El Mundo. 2 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230102184007/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/partidos-aspiran-a-tener-mas-alcaldes-y-diputados-en-2024. live.
- Web site: TSE Pide a Partidos Garantizar Candidaturas de Mujeres para Elecciones 2024. TSE Asks Parties to Guarantee Candidacies for Women for the 2024 Elections. es. La Noticia SV. 20 June 2023. 20 June 2023. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador. 20 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230620205046/https://lanoticiasv.com/tse-pide-a-partidos-garantizar-candidaturas-de-mujeres-para-elecciones-2024/. live.
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- Web site: TSE Aún Sin Definir la Cantidad de Centros de Votación para las Elecciones de 2024. TSE Yet to Define the Quantity of Voting Centers for the 2024 Elections. es. 10 October 2023. 10 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 10 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010184010/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-aun-sin-definir-la-cantidad-de-centros-de-votacion-para-las-elecciones-de-2024. live.
- Web site: Explainer: El Salvador's 2024 Presidential and Legislative Elections. en. 31 January 2024. 6 February 2024. AS/COA. Chase. Harrison. 6 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240206212644/https://www.as-coa.org/articles/explainer-el-salvadors-2024-presidential-and-legislative-elections. live.
- Web site: Arranca Voto Electrónico para 741,094 Salvadoreños con DUI en el Exterior. Electronic Voting for 741,094 Salvadorans with DUI in the Exterior Begins. es. 6 January 2024. 6 January 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 6 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240106135530/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arranca-voto-electronico-para-741094-salvadorenos-con-dui-en-el-exterior. live.
- Web site: TSE Prevé 217 Máquinas de Votación Electrónica en 81 Centros de 60 Ciudades. TSE Foresees 217 Electronic Voting Machines in 81 Centers in 60 Cities. es. 21 August 2023. 21 August 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo. 21 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230821213330/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-preve-217-maquinas-de-votacion-electronica-en-81-centros-de-60-ciudades. live.
- Web site: Salvadoreños en 22 Países no Podrán Ejercer el Voto de Forma Presencial en Próximas Elecciones. Salvadorans in 22 Countries Will Not Be Able to Vote in Person in Upcoming Elections. es. 4 August 2023. 4 August 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 8 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203655/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Salvadorenos-en-22-paises-no-podran-ejercer-el-voto-de-forma-presencial-en-proximas-elecciones-20230803-0069.html. live.
- Web site: El Diseño de Papeletas de Votación para 2024 ya Está Definido. The Ballot Design for Voting in 2024 Are Defined. es. 6 December 2023. 7 December 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 7 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231207201306/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/tse-papeletas-electorales-elecciones-2024/1108887/2023/. live.
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- Web site: Crespín. Verónica. 17 February 2023. Voto en el Exterior en 2024 Costaría Unos $70 Millones. Exterior Vote in 2024 Will Cost $70 Million. 17 February 2023. El Mundo. es. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230217125518/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/voto-en-el-exterior-en-2024-costaria-unos-70-millones. live.
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- Web site: Villarroel. Gabriela. 18 February 2023. Elecciones de 2024 Serán las Más Caras de la Historia de El Salvador. The 2024 Elections Will Be the Most Expensive in the History of El Salvador. 18 February 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. es. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233845/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Elecciones-de-2024-seran-las-mas-caras-de-la-historia-de-El-Salvador-20230217-0092.html. live.
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- Web site: 20 June 2023. 26 June 2023. TSE y Lotería Firman Convenio para Verificar Financiamiento de Partidos Políticos. TSE and Lottery Sign Convention to Verify Political Party Financing. Supreme Electoral Court. es. 26 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230626150555/https://www.tse.gob.sv/noticia/2023/TSE-y-Loter%C3%ADa-firman-convenio-para-verificar-financiamiento-de-partidos-pol%C3%ADticos. live.
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- Web site: Estos 5 Partidos Políticos Están en Trámite de Inscripción en TSE. These 5 Political Parties are in Registration Procedures with the TSE. es. 19 April 2023. 19 April 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 19 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230419174513/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/estos-5-partidos-politicos-estan-en-tramite-de-inscripcion-en-tse. live.
- Web site: Poder Ciudadano Inicia Organización para Elecciones 2024. Citizen Power Initiates Organization for the 2024 Elections. 17 February 2023. 21 February 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221145745/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/poder-ciudadano-inicia-organizacion-para-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: TSE Prorroga Plazo para que Fuerza Solidaria Recolecte 14,000 Firmas que le Hacen Falta. TSE Extends Deadline for Fuerza Solidaria to Collect the 14,000 Signatures It Needs. es. El Mundo. 20 February 2023. 21 February 2023. Verónica. Crespín. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220135652/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-prorroga-plazo-para-que-fuerza-solidaria-recolecte-14000-firmas-que-le-hacen-falta. live.
- Web site: TSE Autoriza Proselitismo al Partido en Organización MAR. TSE Authorizes Proselytism to the Party in MAR Organization. es. 23 March 2023. 23 March 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo. 23 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323162942/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-autoriza-proselitismo-al-partido-en-organizacion-mar. live.
- Web site: Poder Ciudadano, Partido aún no Inscrito, Convoca a Internas para Elegir Candidatos 2024. Citizen Power, Un-Registered Party, Convokes Internal Elections to Elect 2024 Candidate. es. 7 March 2023. 7 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 7 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230307015222/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/poder-ciudadano-partido-aun-no-inscrito-convoca-a-internas-para-elegir-candidatos-2024. live.
- Web site: Poder Ciudadano Entrega Firmas para Inscribirse como Partido Político. Citizen Power Turns In Signatures to Inscribe Itself as a Political Party. es. 11 April 2023. 11 April 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 11 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230411175525/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/poder-ciudadano-entrega-firmas-para-inscribirse-como-partido-politico. live.
- Web site: Movimiento MAS Abandona Proceso de Inscripción como Partido Ante el TSE. MAS Movement Abandons Inscription Process as a Party with the TSE. es. 4 April 2023. 4 April 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo. 4 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230404170608/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/movimiento-mas-abandona-proceso-de-inscripcion-como-partido-ante-el-tse. live.
- Web site: Dos Movimientos han Abandonado Proceso de Inscripción en el TSE. Two Movements Have Abandoned Inscription Process with the TSE. es. 10 April 2023. 10 April 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 10 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230410190903/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/dos-movimientos-han-abandonado-proceso-de-inscripcion-en-el-tse. live.
- Web site: Hoy Cierra el Registro Electoral y Trámite para DUI Anticipado. Electoral Registration and Processing for Anticipated DUI Closes Today. es. 7 August 2023. 7 August 2023. El Mundo. 7 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230807094422/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/hoy-cierra-el-registro-electoral-y-tramite-para-dui-anticipado. live.
- Web site: Padrón Exterior Cierra el 5 de Noviembre, Tres Meses Luego de Cierre de Padrón Nacional. Exterior Registration Closes on 5 November, Three Months After National Registration Closes. es. 23 February 2023. 23 February 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 23 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230223155507/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/padron-exterior-cierra-el-5-de-noviembre-tres-meses-luego-de-cierre-de-padron-nacional. live.
- Web site: Salvadoreños Realizan Trámites en el DUI en el Último Día para Realizar Cambio de Domicilio Previo a Elecciones 2024. Salvadorans Perform DUI Procedures on the Last Day to Make a Change of Address Prior to the 2024 Elections. es. 4 April 2023. 4 April 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Francisco. Alemán. 5 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230405150352/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Salvadorenos-realizan-tramites-en-el-DUI--en-el-ultimo-dia-para-realizar-cambio-de-domicilio-previo-a-elecciones-2024-20230404-0018.html. live.
- Web site: Rodríguez. Milton. 1 March 2023. Los Capturados por el Régimen de Excepción Están "Impedidos" de Votar en el 2024: Magistrado del TSE. Those Captured during the State of Exception Are "Not Allowed" to Vote in 2024: Magistrate of the TSE. 1 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. es. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301224349/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/capturados-regimen-excepcion-impedidos-votar-2024-tse/1043527/2023/. live.
- Web site: Oficialistas Apuestan a San Salvador con Votos en el Extranjero, dice Eugenio Chicas. Officials Bet on San Salvador with Exterior Votes, says Eugenio Chicas. es. 13 March 2023. 28 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 29 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230329023720/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/voto-en-el-exterior-elecciones-legislativas-presidenciales-municipales-diaspora-salvadorena-san-salvador-eugenio-chicas-/1046686/2023/. live.
- Web site: TSE Resuelve Inscribir a Nayib Bukele y Manuel Flores como Candidatos a Presidente. TSE Resolves to Register Nayib Bukele and Manuel Flores as Presidential Candidates. es. 3 November 2023. 3 November 2023. El Mundo. 3 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231103202413/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-resuelve-inscribir-a-nayib-bukele-y-manuel-flores-como-candidatos-a-presidente. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Proclama Candidatura Presidencial de Bukele para 2024. Nuevas Ideas Proclaims Bukele's Presidential Candidacy for 2024. es. 10 July 2023. 10 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 10 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230710192902/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuevas-ideas-proclama-candidatura-presidencial-de-bukele-para-2024. live.
- Web site: Partidos de Oposición Oficializan a sus Presidenciables. Opposition Parties Officialize Their Presidential Candidates. es. 17 July 2023. 17 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Javier. Urbina. 19 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230719230821/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Partidos-de-oposicion-oficializan-a-sus-presidenciables-20230716-0060.html. live.
- Web site: TSE Inscribe a Candidatos Presidenciales de Arena, Nuestro Tiempo, FPS y Fuerza Solidaria. TSE Registers ARENA, Nuestro Tiempo, FPS, and Solidary Force Presidential Candidates. es. 9 November 2023. 9 November 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 9 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231109212640/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-inscribe-a-candidatos-presidenciales-de-arena-nuestro-tiempo-fps-y-fuerza-solidaria. live.
- Web site: FMLN Inscribe Fórmula Presidencial para las Elecciones 2024 Ante el TSE. FMLN Registers Presidential Formula for the 2024 Elections Before the TSE. es. 7 September 2023. 22 September 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate. 25 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925174057/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/fmln-inscribe-formula-presidencial-para-las-elecciones-2024-ante-el-tse/1088478/2023/. live.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Elige sus Candidatos Presidenciales, Legislativos y Municipales para 2024. Nuestro Tiempo Elects Its Presidential, Legislative, and Municipal Candidates for 2024. 15 July 2023. 15 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 16 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230716031022/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuestro-tiempo-elige-sus-candidatos-presidenciales-legislativos-y-municipales-para-2024. live.
- Web site: Fórmula Presidencial de Fuerza Solidaria con Pasado Político en ARENA. Presidential Formula of Solidary Force with Political Past in ARENA. es. 24 July 2023. 24 July 2023. La Noticia SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. 24 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230724185130/https://lanoticiasv.com/formula-presidencial-de-fuerza-solidaria-con-pasado-politico-en-arena/. live.
- Web site: Fraternidad Patriota Presentó su Fórmula Presidencial para 2024. Patriotic Fraternity Presented Its Presidential Formula for 2024. es. 27 August 2023. 28 August 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 28 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230828085025/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fraternidad-patriota-presento-su-formula-presidencial-para-2024. live.
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- Web site: Gerardo Awad se Retira de la Candidatura Presidencial. Gerardo Awad Withdraws from His Presidential Candidacy. es. 4 June 2023. 4 June 2023. La Noticia SV. Jonathan. Guerrero. 5 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230605014849/https://lanoticiasv.com/gerardo-awad-se-retira-de-la-candidatura-presidencial/. live.
- Web site: FMLN Cuenta con Dos Aspirantes a Candidatos Presidenciales 2024. FMLN Counts Two Aspiring 2024 Presidential Candidates. es. 24 April 2023. 24 April 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 24 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230424120704/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-cuenta-con-dos-aspirantes-a-candidatos-presidenciales-2024. live.
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- Web site: Sandra Martínez y Norma Lobo Sustituirán a Candidatos Inhabilitados en La Libertad. Sandra Martínez and Norma Lobo Will Substitute Inhabilitated Candidates in La Libertad. es. 9 August 2023. 19 February 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 15 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231215211322/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/sandra-martinez-y-norma-lobo-sustituiran-a-candidatos-inhabilitados-en-la-libertad. live.
- Web site: Diputado de Nuestro Tiempo Confirma no Buscará Reelección en 2024. Deputy of Nuestro Tiempo Confirms He Will Not Seek Re-Election in 2024. 28 February 2023. 28 February 2023. es. El Mundo. Dennis. Acosta. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228223942/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/diputado-de-nuestro-tiempo-confirma-no-buscara-reeleccion-en-2024. live.
- Web site: Partidos Políticos Tienen Hasta Marzo para Convocar a Elecciones Internas. Political Parties Have Until March to Convoke Internal Elections. es. 20 February 2023. 20 February 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220135649/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/partidos-politicos-tienen-hasta-marzo-para-convocar-a-elecciones-internas. live.
- Web site: Partidos Políticos Tienen Hasta el 5 de Julio para Realizar Elecciones Internas. Political Parties Have Until 5 July to Realize Their Internal Elections. es. 30 November 2022. 25 December 2022. Diario la Huella. 25 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221225233407/https://diariolahuella.com/partidos-politicos-tienen-hasta-el-5-de-julio-para-realizar-elecciones-internas/. live.
- Web site: TSE: Partidos Tienen Hasta el 20 de Julio para Elegir Candidatos 2024. TSE: Parties Have Until 20 July to Elect 2024 Candidates. es. 14 June 2023. 14 June 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 14 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614230745/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-partidos-tienen-hasta-el-20-de-julio-para-elegir-candidatos-2024. live.
- Web site: Oposición no Presentó Coaliciones para Presidencia y Asamblea. The Opposition Did Not President Coalitions for the Presidency or the Assembly. es. 8 August 2023. 8 August 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 8 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230808203931/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Oposicion-no-presento-coaliciones-para-presidencia-y-Asamblea-20230807-0087.html. live.
- Web site: Partidos han Confirmado Más de 200 Candidatos a Alcaldes. Parties Have Confirmed more than 200 Candidates for Mayors. es. 22 July 2023. 22 July 2023. Gabriela. Villarroel. La Prensa Gráfica. 22 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230722090843/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Partidos-han-confirmado-mas-de-200-candidatos-a-alcaldes-20230721-0103.html. live.
- Web site: Solo un 26% de Militantes Votaron en Internas de los Partidos. Only 26% of Party Affiliates Votes in Party Primary Elections. es. 26 August 2023. 27 August 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233848/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Solo-un-26--de-militantes-votaron-en-internas-de-los-partidos-20230825-0083.html. live.
- Web site: TSE Busca Sancionar Propaganda Anticipada en Redes Sociales. TSE Seeks to Sanction Anticipated Propaganda on Social Media. es. 1 August 2023. 1 August 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. Yolanda. Magaña. 1 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230801175225/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-busca-sancionar-propaganda-anticipada-en-redes-sociales. live.
- Web site: TSE no Regularía Propaganda Anticipada en el Exterior del País. The TSE Will Not Regulate Anticipated Propaganda Outside of the Country. es. 2 March 2023. 2 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 2 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230302235345/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tse-no-regularia-propaganda-anticipada-en-el-exterior-del-pais. live.
- Web site: Hoy Inicia la Inscripción de Candidatos Presidenciales, Legislativos y PARLACEN. Inscription for Presidential, Legislative, and PARLACEN Candidates Begins Today. es. 7 September 2023. 7 September 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 7 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230907162826/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/hoy-inicia-la-inscripcion-de-candidatos-presidenciales-legislativos-y-parlacen. live.
- Web site: ¿Regulará El Salvador la Campaña Electoral Anticipada en el Exterior?. Will El Salvador Regulate the Anticipated Electoral Campaign in the Exterior?. es. El Mundo. 14 January 2023. 15 January 2023. Verónica. Crespín. 14 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230114160620/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/regulara-el-salvador-la-campana-electoral-anticipada-en-el-exterior. live.
- Web site: Denuncian Campaña Ilegal de Diputados de Nuevas Ideas en Redes Sociales. They Denounce the Illegal Campaign of Nuevas Ideas Deputies on Social Media. es. 1 July 2023. 5 July 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 5 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230705101318/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/precampana-electoral-campana-adelantada-nuevas-ideas-bancada-de-tse-elecciones-2024-/1072552/2023/. live.
- Web site: Respeto a la Ley Debe ser Parte de Una Campaña de Altura, Dicen Abogados y Candidatos. Respect for the Law Should Be Part of a Top Campaign, Lawyers and Candidates Say. es. 17 September 2023. 17 September 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate. 21 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230921124927/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/respeto-a-la-ley-debe-ser-parte-de-una-campan-altura-dicen-abogados-y-candidatos/1090502/2023/. live.
- Web site: TSE Analiza Más de 20 Casos de Campaña Adelantada. TSE Analyzes More than 20 Cases of Early Campaigns. es. 2 October 2023. 3 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002212019/https://lanoticiasv.com/tse-analiza-mas-de-20-casos-de-campana-adelantada/. live.
- Web site: ARENA Denuncia Violación al Silencio Electoral y Tilda de "Cómplice" al TSE. ARENA Denounces Violation of Electoral Silence and Calls the TSE an "Accomplice". es. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205024114/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-denuncia-violacion-al-silencio-electoral-y-tilda-de-complice-al-tse. live.
- Web site: Ernesto Castro Buscará la Reelección y Dice que la Mayoría lo Hará. Ernesto Castro Will Seek Re-Election and Says that the Majority Will Also. es. 20 February 2023. 20 February 2023. El Mundo. 20 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230220200905/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/ernesto-castro-buscara-la-reeleccion-y-dice-que-la-mayoria-lo-hara. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Espera Ganar las 44 Alcaldías y los 60 Diputados. Nuevas Ideas Expects to Will the 44 Mayorships and the 50 Deputies. es. 4 July 2023. 4 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 4 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230704103427/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuevas-ideas-espera-ganar-las-44-alcaldias-y-los-60-diputados. live.
- Web site: Oposición: Proyección de Nuevas Ideas va Contra Democracia. Opposition: Projection of Nuevas Ideas Goes Against Democracy. es. 5 July 2023. 5 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 5 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230705095731/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/oposicion-proyeccion-de-nuevas-ideas-va-contra-democracia. live.
- Web site: Expertos Critican Pasividad del TSE ante "Campaña Anticipada" de Nuevas Ideas. Experts Criticize the TSE's Passivity Before the "Anticipated Campaign" of Nuevas Ideas. es. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 27 February 2023. 28 February 2023. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174933/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-nuevas-ideas-tse-elecciones-2024-reeleccion-nayib-bukele-precampana-electoral-ernesto-castro-/1043140/2023/. live.
- Web site: Diputados de Nuevas Ideas Viajan a Houston para Reunirse con Salvadoreños. Deputies of Nuevas Ideas Travel to Houston to Meet with Salvadorans. es. 18 March 2023. 19 March 2023. Susana. Peñate. El Mundo. 18 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230318184105/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/diputados-de-nuevas-ideas-viajan-a-houston-para-reunirse-con-salvadorenos. live.
- Web site: Presidente de la Asamblea Promueve en Estados Unidos Imagen de Nayib Bukele. President of the Assembly Promotes the Image of Nayib Bukele in the United States. es. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 26 February 2023. 27 February 2023. 27 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230227190536/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/asamblea-ernesto-castro-nayib-bukele-reeleccion-elecciones-2024-tse-voto-en-el-exterior-/1042921/2023/. live.
- Web site: Ernesto Castro Dice "Reelección, Reelección" en Reunión con Salvadoreños en EEUU. Ernesto Castro Says "Re-Election, Re-Election" in Reunion with Salvadorans in the US. es. 24 April 2023. 24 April 2023. El Mundo. 24 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230424232226/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/ernesto-castro-dice-reeleccion-reeleccion-en-reunion-con-salvadorenos-en-eeuu. live.
- Web site: Periódico EE.UU.: Nuevas Ideas Arranca en Nueva York Campaña por Reelección de Bukele. USA Newspaper: Nuevas Ideas Starts in New York Campaign for Bukele's Re-Election. es. El Diario de Hoy. Mario. González. 25 February 2023. 25 February 2023. 26 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230226053822/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/nuevas-ideas-arranca-nueva-york-reeleccion-bukele-tribuna-hispana-eeuu/1042509/2023/. live.
- Web site: Diputados Sostienen Encuentro con Diáspora Salvadoreña. Deputies Hold Meeting with Salvadoran Diaspora. es. 9 September 2023. 11 September 2023. Diario la Huella. 13 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230913184744/https://diariolahuella.com/diputados-sostienen-encuentro-con-diaspora-salvadorena-2/. live.
- Web site: Las Consignas de Reelección de Bukele en su Discurso de Cuarto Año de Gobierno. The Slogans of Bukele's Re-Election in His Four Years of Government Speech. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 2 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602065737/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/las-consignas-de-reeleccion-de-bukele-en-su-discurso-de-cuarto-ano-de-gobierno. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Convoca a Elecciones para Elegir Candidatos Rumbo a 2024. Nuevas Ideas Convokes Elections to Elect Candidates on the Path to 2024. es. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 6 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230306011442/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuevas-ideas-convoca-a-elecciones-para-elegir-candidatos-rumbo-a-2024. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Pospone sus Elecciones Internas para el 9 de Julio. Nuevas Ideas Postpones its Internal Elections for 9 July. es. 14 June 2023. 14 June 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 14 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614235448/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuevas-ideas-pospone-sus-elecciones-internas-para-el-9-de-julio. live.
- Web site: Mayoría de Diputados de Nuevas Ideas Buscarían la Reelección Dice Castro. Castro Says the Majority of Deputies from Nuevas Ideas will Seek Re-Election. es. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. El Mundo. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221144405/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/mayoria-de-diputados-de-nuevas-ideas-buscarian-la-reeleccion-dice-castro. live.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Confirma Fórmula Presidencial. Nuevas Ideas Confirms Presidential Formula. es. 9 July 2023. 9 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Williams. Sandoval. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110151144/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Nuevas-Ideas-confirma-formula-presidencial-20230709-0036.html. live.
- Web site: ¿Cuántos Votos Obtuvo la Fórmula Bukele-Ulloa en las Internas de Nuevas Ideas?. How Many Votes did the Bukele-Ulloa Formula Gain in the Nuevas Ideas Primaries?. es. 9 July 2023. 9 July 2023. El Mundo. 10 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230710043804/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/cuantos-votos-obtuvo-la-formula-bukele-ulloa-en-las-internas-de-nuevas-ideas. live.
- Web site: Estos son los Candidatos a Alcaldes de Nuevas Ideas. These are the Candidates for Mayors of Nuevas Ideas. es. 9 July 2023. 9 July 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 10 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230710044151/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/estos-son-los-candidatos-a-alcaldes-de-nuevas-ideas. live.
- Web site: Estos son los 20 Candidatos al PARLACEN por Nuevas Ideas. These are the 20 PARLACEN Candidates for Nuevas Ideas. es. 10 July 2023. 10 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 11 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230711022055/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/estos-son-los-20-candidatos-al-parlacen-por-nuevas-ideas. live.
- Web site: Partidos Presentaron Siete Pactos de Coalición para Elecciones Municipales. Parties Presented Seven Coalitions Pacts for the Municipal Elections. es. 6 September 2023. 6 September 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate. 6 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230906173003/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/partidos-presentaron-siete-pactos-de-coalicion-para-elecciones-municipal/1088145/2023/. live.
- Web site: Así Llegaron los Candidatos a Diputados de Nuevas Ideas a Solicitar Inscripción. This Is How The Candidates to Deputy of Nuevas Ideas Arrived to Solicit Registration. es. 20 October 2023. 20 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. Emerson. Del Cid. 21 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231021000028/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asi-llegaron-los-candidatos-a-diputados-de-nuevas-ideas-a-solicitar-inscripcion. live.
- Web site: Bukele Llega de Último Momento al TSE para Presentar su Candidatura para las Elecciones Presidenciales 2024. Bukele Arrives at the TSE at the Last Minute to Present His Candidacy for the 2024 Presidential Elections. es. 26 October 2023. 26 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233758/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Bukele-aun-no-llega-al-TSE-para-presentar-su-candidatura-presidencial-20231026-0066.html. live.
- Web site: Bukele Pide Inscribirse para la Reelección en Medio de Llamados al TSE a no Aceptarla. Bukele Asks to Be Registered for Re-Election Amid Calls for the TSE to Not Accept It. es. 28 October 2023. 28 October 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate. 28 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028202016/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/bukele-pide-inscribirse-para-la-reelecion-en-medio-de-llamados-al-tse-a-no-aceptarla/1099866/2023/. live.
- Web site: Guía de Elecciones 2024 El Salvador – Sufragio Nacional. 2024 El Salvador Elections Guide – National Suffrage. es. 3 February 2024. Supreme Electoral Court. 3 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240203213853/https://info2024.tse.gob.sv/elecciones-2024/inicio. live.
- Web site: Bukele Dice Necesitan Mayoría en Próxima Asamblea para Continuar el Régimen de Excepción. Bukele Says They Need a Majority in the Next Assembly to Continue the State of Exception. es. 28 October 2023. 28 October 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 28 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231028203010/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-dice-necesitan-mayoria-en-proxima-asamblea-para-continuar-el-regimen-de-excepcion. live.
- Web site: Bukele Pide Votar por Diputados de NI para que no Liberen a Pandilleros. Bukele Asks to Vote for NI Deputies so that They Don't Free the Gang Members. es. 21 January 2024. 22 January 2024. El Mundo. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233757/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-pide-votar-por-diputados-de-ni-para-que-no-liberen-a-pandilleros. live.
- Web site: "No Podemos Negar que es Popular, pero un Like no se Transforma en Votos". "We Cannot Deny that He is Popular, but a Like Does Not Transform into Votes". es. 23 January 2024. 23 January 2024. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 23 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240123174355/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/no-podemos-negar-que-es-popular-pero-un-like-no-se-transforma-en-votos. live.
- Web site: Medrano Acusa a Bukele de Utilizar un «Lenguaje de Chantaje» para que Voten por Él. Medrano Accuses Bukele of Utilizing "Blackmail Language" so that they Vote for Him. es. 23 January 2024. 24 January 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. 24 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240124174346/https://lanoticiasv.com/medrano-acusa-a-bukele-de-utilizar-un-lenguaje-de-chantaje-para-que-voten-por-el/. live.
- Web site: Presidente Nayib Bukele Sobre los Partidos de la Oposición: "Por sus Frutos los Conoceréis". President Nayib Bukele Regarding the Opposition Parties: "You Will Recognize Them by Their Fruits". es. 22 January 2024. 22 January 2024. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. 22 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240122222332/https://lanoticiasv.com/presidente-nayib-bukele-sobre-los-partidos-de-la-oposicion-por-sus-frutos-los-conocereis/. live.
- Web site: Presidente de ARENA: "Vamos a Sacar Más de 125 Alcaldías y Más de 25 Diputados". President of ARENA: "We Will Win More than 125 Mayorships and More than 25 Deputies. es. 9 May 2023. 9 May 2023. Jessica. García. El Diario de Hoy. 9 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230509174847/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/arena-presidente-de-elecciones-2024-alcaldias-/1059797/2023/. live.
- Web site: ARENA: 42 Planillas Municipales y Diputaciones Completas. ARENA: 42 Municipal Forms and Complete Deputies. es. 17 July 2023. 17 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 17 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230717113434/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-42-planillas-municipales-y-diputaciones-completas. live.
- Web site: Político Salvadoreño Descarta Eventual Alianza Entre ARENA y FMLN Para Derrotar a Bukele. Salvadoran Politician Dismisses Eventual Alliance between ARENA and FMLN to Defeat Bukele. es. 26 October 2022. 29 October 2022. El País. 29 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221029200708/https://www.elpais.cr/2022/10/26/politico-salvadoreno-descarta-eventual-alianza-entre-arena-y-fmln-para-derrotar-a-bukele/. live.
- Web site: ARENA No Descarta Posible Coalición para Elecciones de 2024. ARENA Does Not Discard a Possible Coalition for the 2024 Elections. es. 15 February 2023. 15 February 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Abigail. Parada. 16 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216062739/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/arena-presidente-de-elecciones-internas/1039960/2023/. live.
- Web site: ARENA Busca Alianza con Partidos y Sociedad Civil para Fórmula Presidencial en Elecciones de 2024. ARENA Seeks Alliance with Parties and Civil Society for Presidential Formula in the 2024 Elections. es. 26 March 2023. 26 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. Jorge. Reyes. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326175156/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-2024-arena-fmln-claudia-ortiz-nuestro-tiempo-vamos-nayib-bukele-/1049589/2023/. live.
- Web site: Partidos Opositores y Sociedad Civil a Punto de Concretar Candidatura Presidencial Única. Opposition Parties and Civil Society at the Point of Finalizing the Sole Presidential Candidacy. es. 22 May 2023. 22 May 2023. Gabriel. Labrador. El Faro. 23 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230523024414/https://elfaro.net/es/202305/el_salvador/26851/partidos-opositores-y-sociedad-civil-a-punto-de-concretar-candidatura-presidencial-unica. live.
- Web site: ARENA y FMLN Creen Imposible la Coalición Presidencial 2024. ARENA and FMLN Believe that the 2024 Presidential Coalition is Impossible. es. 24 May 2023. 24 May 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 24 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230524140228/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/ARENA-y-FMLN-creen-imposible-la-coalicion-presidencial-2024-20230523-0078.html. live.
- Web site: ARENA y FMLN se Descartan para Coalición y Admiten Diálogo con Sectores para ""Frenar Dictadura". ARENA and FMLN Discard a Coalition and Admit Dialogue with Sectors to "Stop Dictatorship". es. 24 May 2023. 24 May 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 24 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182234/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-y-fmln-se-descartan-para-coalicion-y-admiten-dialogo-con-sectores-para-frenar-dictadura. live.
- Web site: ARENA Descarta Ceder su Bandera en Una Posible Coalición Electoral. ARENA Discards Ceding Its Flag in a Possible Electoral Coalition. es. 24 May 2023. 24 May 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 24 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230524182250/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-descarta-ceder-su-bandera-en-una-posible-coalicion-electoral. live.
- Web site: ARENA Presentó su Fórmula Presidencial para las Elecciones de 2024. ARENA Presented its Presidential Formula for the 2024 Elections. es. 9 July 2023. 9 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Williams. Sandoval. 10 January 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240110151235/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/ARENA-presento-su-formula-presidencial-para-las-elecciones-de-2024-20230709-0011.html. live.
- Web site: La Propuesta de Ronald Umaña y Amigos con la que Ellos Quisieran Ganar las Presidenciales. The Proposal of Ronald Umaña and Friends with Whom They Want to Win the Presidential Election. es. 15 June 2023. 18 June 2023. La Noticia SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. Verónica. Martínez. 19 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230619002730/https://lanoticiasv.com/la-propuesta-de-ronald-umana-y-amigos-con-la-que-ellos-quisieran-ganar-las-presidenciales/. live.
- Web site: Organizaciones Presentan Propuesta para Candidata a la Vicepresidencia. Organizations Present Proposal for Candidate for the Vice Presidency. es. 22 June 2023. 22 June 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 22 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230622191209/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/organizaciones-presentan-propuesta-para-candidata-a-la-vicepresidencia. live.
- Web site: Hardy García Renunció a su Postulación Política por Amenazas. Hardy García Renounced Her Political Postulation due to Threats. es. 9 July 2023. 9 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán. 10 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230710033822/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/hardy-garcia-renuncio-a-su-postulacion-politica-por-amenazas. live.
- Web site: Movimiento Civil Resistencia Ciudadana Lanza Perfil para la Presidencia del País. Civil Movement Citizen Resistance Proposes Profile for the Presidency of the Country. es. 15 June 2023. 15 June 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 15 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230615205005/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-2024-presidenciales-presidencia-de-la-republica-/1068555/2023/. live.
- Web site: ARENA Abre Convocatoria a Elecciones Internas para Candidatos a Presidente, Vicepresidente, Diputados y Alcaldes. ARENA Opens the Call for the Internal Elections for Candidates for President, Vice President, Deputies, and Mayors. es. 10 February 2023. 10 February 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez. 10 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210194819/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/alcaldes-electos-arena-asamblea-elecciones-2024-parlacen-presidente-de-partidos-politicos/1038659/2023/. live.
- Web site: Arena Cambia Fecha de Elecciones Internas para Elegir Candidatos para 2024. ARENA Changes Date for Internal Elections to Elect Candidates for 2024. 23 March 2023. 23 March 2023. es. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 23 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323211316/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-cambia-fecha-de-elecciones-internas-para-elegir-candidatos-para-2024. live.
- Web site: Cuatro Partidos Cambian, de Nuevo, Fechas de Elecciones Internas. Four Parties Change, Again, Dates for Primary Elections. es. 21 June 2023. 21 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205233856/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Cuatro-partidos-cambian-de-nuevo-fechas-de-elecciones-internas-20230620-0094.html. live.
- Web site: ARENA Reprograma Elecciones Internas para el 16 de Julio. ARENA Reprograms Primary Elections for 16 July. es. 3 July 2023. 3 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 3 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230703192337/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-reprograma-elecciones-internas-para-el-16-de-julio. live.
- Web site: ARENA no Anunciará a Sus Precandidatos 2024 por Amenazas. ARENA Will Not Announce Its 2024 Pre-Candidates Due to Threats. es. 16 May 2023. 16 May 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. Susana. Peñate. 16 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230516222954/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-no-anunciara-a-sus-precandidatos-2024-por-amenazas. live.
- Web site: Tres Partidos Señalan Amenazas a Candidatos Según Informe de AC. Three Parties Signal Threats Against Candidates According to Informing from AC. es. 25 August 2023. 27 August 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 27 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230827073238/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/tres-partidos-senalan-amenazas-a-candidatos-segun-informe-de-ac. live.
- Web site: Joel Sánchez Acepta que ARENA ya no es Tan Grande como Parece y no Descarta Renunciar a su Candidatura. Joel Sánchez Accepts that ARENA no Longer is as Big as It Appears and does not Disregard Renouncing His Candidacy. es. 25 July 2023. 26 July 2023. La Noticia SV. Guillermo. Molina. 26 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230726202632/https://lanoticiasv.com/joel-sanchez-acepta-que-arena-ya-no-es-tan-grande-como-parece-y-no-descarta-renunciar-a-su-candidatura/. live.
- Web site: Circulan Rumores de que Joel Sánchez Estaría Renunciando a su Candidatura Presidencial. Rumors Circulate that Joel Sánchez Is Renouncing His Presidential Candidacy. es. 5 September 2023. 9 September 2023. Diario la Huella. 5 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230905190551/https://diariolahuella.com/circulan-rumores-de-que-joel-sanchez-estaria-renunciando-a-su-candidatura-presidencial/. live.
- Web site: ARENA le Apuesta a una Segunda Vuelta en las Elecciones Presidenciales 2024. ARENA Bets on a Second Round in the 2024 Presidential Elections. es. 30 September 2023. 1 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002212013/https://lanoticiasv.com/arena-le-apuesta-a-una-segunda-vuelta-en-las-elecciones-presidenciales-2024/. live.
- Web site: ARENA Pide al TSE Inscribir su Fórmula Presidencial para Competir en 2024. ARENA Asks the TSE to Register its Presidential Formula to Compete in 2024. es. 9 October 2023. 9 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 10 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010010223/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/arena-pide-al-tse-inscribir-su-formula-presidencial-para-competir-en-2024. live.
- Web site: ARENA Inscribe Ante el TSE, a sus 60 Candidatos a Diputados para la Asamblea Legislativa. ARENA Registers Its 60 Candidates for Deputy to the Legislative Assembly with the TSE. es. 25 October 2023. 26 October 2023. La Noticia SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. 26 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231026155931/https://lanoticiasv.com/arena-inscribe-ante-el-tse-a-sus-60-candidatos-a-diputados-para-la-asamblea-legislativa/. live.
- Web site: Nueve Partidos Piden Inscribir Candidatos a 20 Diputados del PARLACEN. Nine Parties Ask to Register Candidates for 20 Deputies to PARLACEN. es. 27 November 2023. 27 November 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 27 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231127123952/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nueve-partidos-piden-inscribir-candidatos-a-20-diputados-del-parlacen. live.
- Web site: Joel Sánchez: "El Régimen de Excepción Tiene que ser Cesado". Joel Sánchez: "The State of Exception Has to be Stopped". es. 20 September 2023. 28 September 2023. Última Hora. 28 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182109/https://ultimahora.sv/joel-sanchez-el-regimen-de-excepcion-tiene-que-ser-cesado/. live.
- Web site: "Debemos Restablecer la Independencia de los Poderes". "We Should Reestablish the Independence of Powers". es. 9 October 2023. 9 October 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 10 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010010252/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/debemos-restablecer-la-independencia-de-los-poderes. live.
- Web site: "Tenemos que Buscar Inversión y que Nuestro Sistema Jurídico Funcione": Candidaturas de ARENA. "We Have to Seek Investment and that Out Legal System Functions. es. 9 October 2023. 10 October 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 10 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231010202529/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/arena-elecciones-presidenciales-presidencia-de-la-republica-2024-/1095398/2023/. live.
- Web site: Entrevistas a Fórmulas Presidenciales: "Como Punto Primordial es Recuperar el Orden Constitucional": Joel Sánchez. Interviews with Presidential Formulas: "The Primary Point is to Restore Constitutional Order": Joel Sánchez. es. 23 October 2023. 24 October 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García. 26 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231026171119/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/elecciones-presidenciales-arena-el-salvador-/1098806/2023/. live.
- Web site: Joel Sánchez Invita a la Juventud a Bailar al Ritmo de sus Videos en TikTok. Joel Sánchez Invites the Youth to Dance to the Rhythm in His TikTok Videos. es. 5 October 2023. 7 October 2023. Diario la Huella. 7 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231007121927/https://diariolahuella.com/joel-sanchez-invita-a-la-juventud-a-bailar-al-ritmo-de-sus-videos-en-tiktok/. live.
- Web site: "No Haremos Coaliciones con Nuevas Ideas, ARENA, o GANA" en el 2024: Óscar Ortiz. "We Will not make Coalitions with Nuevas Ideas, ARENA, or GANA" in 2024: Óscar Ortiz. El Diario de Hoy. 12 December 2022. 11 December 2022. Milton. Rodríguez. es. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234359/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/fmln-oscar-ortiz-elecciones-legislativas-municipales-presidenciales/1023664/2022/. live.
- News: Bukele Dice ARENA y FMLN "Consuman su Unión", Dirigentes lo Descartan y Reconocen Pláticas con Organizaciones. Bukele Says ARENA and FMLN "Form their Union", Leaders Discard It and Recognize Talks with Organizations. es. 23 May 2023. 24 May 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 24 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230524032550/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/bukele-dice-arena-y-fmln-consuman-su-union-dirigentes-lo-descartan-y-reconocen-platicas-con-organizaciones. live.
- Web site: Partidos Tienen Tres Semanas para Alcanzar sus Coaliciones. Parties Have Three Weeks to Form their Coalitions. es. 14 July 2023. 14 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. Denni. Portillo. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234351/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Partidos-tienen-tres-semanas-para-alcanzar-sus-coaliciones-20230713-0097.html. live.
- Web site: Diputada del FMLN, Marleni Funes: "Nosotros Esperamos Sacar Entre 16 a 17 Diputados para eso Estamos Trabajando". Deputy of the FMLN, Marleni Funes: "We Expect to Get Between 16 and 17 Deputies and for that We Are Working. es. 5 October 2023. 6 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador. 8 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008013717/https://lanoticiasv.com/diputada-del-fmln-marlene-funes-nosotros-esperamos-sacar-entre-16-a-17-diputados-para-eso-estamos-trabajando/. live.
- Web site: Ex-Diputado Manuel Flores se Inscribe como Precandidato Presidencial por el FMLN. Ex-Deputy Manuel Flores Registers Himself as a Presidential Pre-Candidate for the FMLN. es. 29 May 2023. 29 May 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate. 29 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230529035746/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/exdiputado-manuel-flores-se-inscribe-como-precandidato-presidencial-por-el-fmln. live.
- Web site: Flores, Único Precandidato a Presidencia por el FMLN. Flores, Only Pre-Candidate for the Presidency for the FMLN. es. 29 May 2023. 29 May 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Verónica. Martínez. 29 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230529160243/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Flores-unico-precandidato-a-presidencia-por-el-FMLN-20230528-0063.html. live.
- Web site: Precandidato Dice que FMLN no Hará Alianza con ARENA. Pre-Candidates Says that FMLN Will Not Have Alliance with ARENA. es. 29 May 2023. 29 May 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Mario. González. 29 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230529142447/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/fmln-no-hara-alianza-arena-elecciones-2024/1064513/2023/. live.
- Web site: FMLN No Descarta Posible Alianzas con Vamos, Nuestro Tiempo y PAIS. FMLN Doesn't Discard Possible Alliance with Vamos, Nuestro Tiempo, and PAIS. es. 15 May 2023. 15 May 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. El Mundo. 15 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230515181557/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-no-descarta-posible-alianzas-con-vamos-nuestro-tiempo-y-pais. live.
- Web site: FMLN Dice que Sus Candidatos Representan "El Futuro" de El Salvador. FMLN Says that Its Candidates Represent "The Future" of El Salvador. es. 5 October 2023. 7 October 2023. Diario la Huella. 12 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231012112424/https://diariolahuella.com/fmln-afirma-que-sus-candidatos-representan-el-futuro-de-el-salvador/. live.
- Web site: Manuel Flores Pide a FMLN No Elegir Candidatos con 'Pasado Corrupto'. Manuel Flores Asks the FMLN to Not Elect Candidates with a "Corrupt Past". es. 10 April 2023. 10 April 2023. Susana. Peñate. El Mundo. 10 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230410192028/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/manuel-flores-pide-a-fmln-no-elegir-candidatos-con-pasado-corrupto. live.
- Web site: Seis Partidos Eligieron Ayer a sus Candidatos para Elecciones 2024. Six Parties Elected Their Candidates for the 2024 Elections Yesterday. es. 17 July 2023. 17 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. Leonardo. Cerón. 17 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230717113159/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/seis-partidos-eligieron-ayer-a-sus-candidatos-para-elecciones-2024. live.
- Web site: Tribunal Previene Inscripción de Manuel Flores. Tribal Prevents the Registration of Manuel Flores. es. 7 October 2023. 7 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234358/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Tribunal-previene-inscripcion-de-Manuel-Flores-20231006-0090.html. live.
- Web site: Manuel "El Chino" Flores Ya Respondió a Observaciones del TSE. Manuel "El Chino" Flores Has Already Responded to the TSE's Observations. es. 23 October 2023. 28 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234353/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/-Manuel-El-Chino-Flores-ya-respondio-a-observaciones-del-TSE-20231023-0052.html. live.
- Web site: FMLN Ya Entregó Solicitudes de Inscripción de sus 60 Candidatos a Diputados para 2024. The FMLN Has Submitted its Registration Requests for Its 60 Candidates for Deputies for 2024. es. 11 October 2023. 15 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234253/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/FMLN-ya-entrego-solicitudes-de-inscripcion-de-sus-60-candidatos-a-diputados-para-2024-20231011-0061.html. live.
- Web site: FMLN Inscribe a Sus Candidatos a Alcaldes de San Salvador Ante la JED. FMLN Register Its Mayoral Candidates from San Salvador Before the JED. es. 28 October 2023. 29 October 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Arlen. Cortez. Javier. Urbina. 30 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231030112954/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/FMLN-inscribe-a-sus-candidatos-a-alcaldes-de-San-Salvador-ante-la-JED-20231028-0034.html. live.
- Web site: FMLN Pide Inscripción de Candidatos al Parlamento Centroamericano. FMLN Requests Registration for Candidates to the Central American Parliament. es. 16 November 2023. 16 November 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 16 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231116192649/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-pide-inscripcion-de-candidatos-al-parlamento-centroamericano. live.
- Web site: Óscar Ortiz: "Sin Financiamiento, Consideraríamos Retirarnos de las Elecciones". Óscar Ortiz: "Without Financing, We Will Consider Retiring from the Elections". es. 17 November 2023. 18 November 2023. El Faro. Julia. Gavarrete. 18 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231118155238/https://elfaro.net/es/202311/el_salvador/27156/oscar-ortiz-sin-financiamiento-considerariamos-retirarnos-de-las-elecciones. live.
- Web site: FMLN Juramenta Candidatos para 2024 y Asegura que Ganará la Presidencia en la Primera Vuelta. FMLN Swears In Candidates for 2024 and Assures that It Will Win the Presidency in the First Round. es. 1 October 2023. 1 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002124308/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-juramenta-candidatos-para-2024-y-asegura-que-ganara-la-presidencia-en-la-primera-vuelta. live.
- Web site: Manuel Flores Aseguró que Podría Mantener el Régimen de Excepción, de Ganar en 2024, ¿Qué Propone para Mejorar la Economía en El Salvador?. Manuel Flores Assures that He Could Maintain the State of Exception, if He Wins in 2024, What Does He Propose to Improve the Economy in El Salvador?. es. 27 September 2023. 28 September 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador. 28 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182109/https://lanoticiasv.com/manuel-flores-aseguro-que-podria-mantener-el-regimen-de-excepcion-de-ganar-en-2024-que-propone-para-mejorar-la-economia-en-el-salvador/. live.
- Web site: FMLN Dice que Mantendrá a Criminales en la Prisión y Evitará la Corrupción. es. 2 October 2023. 2 October 2023. el Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 2 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002124250/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/fmln-dice-que-mantendra-a-criminales-en-la-prision-y-evitara-la-corrupcion. live.
- Web site: Manuel Flores Lanza su Primera Propuesta de Campaña: Reducir a la Mitad el Costo de Pasajes para Estudiantes. Manuel Flores Launches His First Campaign Proposal: Reduce the Cost of Fares for Students in Half. es. 5 October 2023. 6 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador. 8 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231008013720/https://lanoticiasv.com/manuel-flores-lanza-su-primera-propuesta-de-campana-reducir-a-la-mitad-el-costo-de-pasajes-para-estudiantes/. live.
- Web site: Flores Presenta su Propuesta Económica «Hambre Cero»: Tres Grandes Centros de Abastecimiento por una Inversión de $60 Millones. Flores Presents His "Zero Hunger" Economic Proposal: Three Large Supply Centers by a $60 Million Investment. es. 13 October 2023. 15 October 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador. 23 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231023205211/https://lanoticiasv.com/flores-presenta-su-propuesta-economica-hambre-cero-tres-grandes-centros-de-abastecimiento-por-una-inversion-de-60-millones/. live.
- Web site: Candidato del FMLN Propone "Bono de la Dignidad" para Subir a $70 la Pensión a Adultos Mayores. FMLN Candidate Proposes "Dignity Bond" to Raise the Pension for Senior Adults to $70. es. 23 October 2023. 24 October 2023. Gabriela. Villarroel. 5 February 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205234359/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Candidato-del-FMLN-propone-bono-de-la-dignidad-para-subir-a-70-la-pension-a-adultos-mayores-20231023-0044.html. live.
- Web site: «Municipios Prósperos», la Propuesta del FMLN para Devolverle el FODES a los Municipios. "Prosperous Municipalities", the FMLN's Proposal to Devolve FODES to the Municipalities. es. 6 November 2023. 7 November 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. 7 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231107162457/https://lanoticiasv.com/municipios-prosperos-la-propuesta-del-fmln-para-devolverle-el-fodes-a-los-municipios/. live.
- Web site: Manuel Flores Asegura que de Ganar en 2024, Pedirá se Investigue a los Políticos del Actual Gobierno. Manuel Flores Assures that After Winning in 2024, He Will Ask to Investigate the Politicians of the Current Government. es. 5 December 2023. 7 December 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador. 8 December 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231208001448/https://lanoticiasv.com/manuel-flores-asegura-que-de-ganar-en-2024-pedira-se-investigue-a-los-politicos-del-actual-gobierno/. live.
- Web site: Partidos Políticos se Preparan para las Elecciones. Political Parties are Preparing for the Elections. 27 March 2023. 27 March 2023. Saraí. Alas. La Prensa Gráfica. es. 27 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230327224143/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Partidos-politicos-se-preparan-para-las-elecciones-20230326-0070.html. live.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Considera Coalición con Vamos, sin ARENA o FMLN, hacia 2024. Nuestro Tiempo Considers Coalition with Vamos, Without ARENA or FMLN, for 2024. es. 13 April 2023. 13 April 2023. Yolanda. Magaña. El Mundo. 13 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230413152112/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nuestro-tiempo-considera-coalicion-con-vamos-sin-arena-o-fmln-hacia-2024. live.
- Web site: NT Propone Una Unión Democrática: ¿Qué Responden ARENA y FMLN?. NT Proposes a Democratic Union: How Do ARENA and FMLN Respond?. es. 26 July 2023. 26 July 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 26 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230726201734/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/nt-propone-una-union-democratica-que-responden-arena-y-fmln. live.
- Web site: Luis Parada Acepta ser Parte de la Fórmula Presidencial Propuesta por Sumar. Luis Parada Accepts to be a Part of the Presidential Formula Proposed by Sumar. es. 31 May 2023. 31 May 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: Abogado Luis Parada Anuncia su Candidatura Presidencial. Lawyer Luis Parada Announces His Presidential Candidacy. es. La Prensa Gráfica. 31 May 2023. 31 May 2023. Lissette. Mondragón.
- Web site: Luis Parada y Celia Medrano se Afiliaron a Nuestro Tiempo: Failer. Luis Parada and Celia Medrano Affiliated with Nuestro Tiempo: Failer. es. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023.
- Web site: Abogado Luis Parada Deja Lucha por Candidatura Presidencial de ARENA. Lawyer Luis Parada Quits Fighting for ARENA's Presidential Candidacy. es. 2 October 2017. 30 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Elegirá Solo Candidatos a Presidente y Vicepresidente el 25 de Junio. Nuestro Tiempo Will Only Elect Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates on 25 June. es. 3 May 2023. 3 May 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Estas son las Nuevas Fechas de las Internas de Partidos Hacia 2024. These are the New Dates for the Party Primaries for 2024. es. 20 June 2023. 20 June 2023. El Mundo.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Competirá por Diputados y Concejos de Ocho Departamentos. Nuestro Tiempo Will Compete for Deputies and Councils of Eight Departments. es. 15 July 2023. 15 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Elige Este Sábado Candidatos a Presidente, Diputados y Alcaldes. Nuestro Tiempo Will Elect Its Candidates for President, Deputies, and Mayors This Saturday. es. 15 July 2023. 15 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Luis Parada, Candidato Presidencial de Nuestro Tiempo, Duda Sobre Mantener el Régimen de Excepción. Luis Parada, Presidential Candidate of Nuestro Tiempo, Doubts Maintaining the Exception Regime. es. 26 July 2023. 1 August 2023. Diario El Salvador. Amadeo. Cabrera.
- Web site: Candidatos de Nuestro Tiempo Evaluarían Estado de Excepción Según lo que Dice Constitución. Candidates of Nuestro Tiempo Will Evaluate the State of Exception According to What the Constitution Says. es. 19 July 2023. 28 September 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Luis Parada Suspendería el Régimen de Excepción. Luis Parada Will Suspend the State of Exception. es. 8 August 2023. 28 September 2023. Última Hora.
- Web site: Luis Parada Dice que la Seguridad en El Salvador es Una "Ilusión". Luis Parada Says that the Security in El Salvador is an "Illusion". es. 7 November 2023. 7 November 2023. Diario la Huella.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo de Ganar la Presidencia Destituirá a Magistrados de la Sala de lo Constitucional. Nuestro Tiempo Will Remove the Magistrates of the Constitutional Court Upon Winning the Presidency. es. 30 January 2024. 31 January 2024. Diario la Huella. Édgar. Torres.
- Web site: Luis Parada y Celia Medrano, de Nuestro Tiempo, Piden Inscripción En Contienda Presidencial. Luis Parada and Celia Medrano, of Nuestro Tiempo, Asks to Register for Presidential Contention. es. 25 October 2023. 25 October 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: Fuerza Solidaria Convocó a Elecciones Internas para Elegir Candidatos en 2024. Solidary Force Convoked Internal Elections to Elect Candidates for 2024. es. 6 March 2023. 6 March 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo.
- Web site: TSE Autoriza a Fuerza Solidaria a Convocar a Elecciones Internas Hacia 2024. TSE Authorized Solidary Force to Convoke Internal Elections for 2024. 31 March 2023. 1 April 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo.
- Web site: "Fuerza Solidaria" Convoca a Internas de Candidatos 2024 con Aval del TSE. "Solidary Force" Convokes Internal Elections for 2024 Candidates with Approval from the TSE. es. 10 April 2023. 10 April 2023. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo.
- Web site: Partidos Reclaman al TSE "Favoritismo" con Fuerza Solidaria. Particles Complain About TSE "Favoritism" with Solidary Force. es. 13 April 2023. 13 April 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: Oposición Califica de "Ilegal" que el TSE Permita a Fuerza Solidaria Participar en Elecciones 2024. Oppositions Considers it "Illegal" that the TSE Permits Solidary Force to Participate in the 2024 Elections. es. 12 April 2023. 13 April 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Milton. Rodríguez. Eugenia. Velásquez.
- Web site: Fuerza Solidaria no Descarta Presentar Candidatura a Presidente para 2024. Solidary Force Does Not Dismiss Presenting a Candidacy for President for 2024. es. 16 July 2023. 16 July 2023. El Mundo. Leonardo. Cerón.
- Web site: Exareneros Integran la Fórmula Presidencial del Partido Fuerza Solidaria. Ex-Areneros Integrate the Presidential Formula of the Solidary Force Party. es. 24 July 2023. 24 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Fuerza Solidaria Pide Inscribir a Candidatos a Presidente y Diputados. Solidary Force Begin Registering Candidates for President and Deputies. es. 23 October 2023. 23 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Algunos Partidos Políticos no Hicieron Públicas sus Elecciones Internas. Some Political Parties Have Not Their Primary Elections Public. es. 25 July 2023. 25 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Una Mujer Busca ser Presidenta de El Salvador, No Pasaba Desde 1994. A Woman Seeks to be the President of El Salvador, Has Not Happened Since 1994. es. 27 August 2023. 28 August 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. Guzmán.
- Web site: FPS Pide al TSE Inscribir a Su Candidata Presidencial y Rechaza Anticipo de Deuda Política. FPS Asks TSE to Register Presidential Candidate and Rejects Anticipation of Political Doubt. es. 23 October 2023. 23 October 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Partido PAIS se Mantiene Dividido en Elecciones Internas Hacia 2024. PAIS Party Maintains Divided Internal Elections for 2024. 7 March 2023. 7 March 2023. es. Verónica. Crespín. El Mundo.
- Web site: Movimiento PAIS Buscará Alianzas con Oposición. PAIS Movement Seeks Alliances with Opposition. es. 20 March 2023. 20 March 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Lissette. Mondragón.
- Web site: PAIS Deja sin Efecto Precandidatura de Gerardo Awad para las Elecciones Presidenciales de 2024. PAIS Voids Gerardo Awad's Pre-Candidacy for the 2024 Presidential Elections. 18 July 2022. 31 December 2022. es. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: Gerardo Awad Dice Ya No Buscará Candidatura Presidencial por PAIS. Gerardo Awad Says He No Longer Seeks PAIS' Presidential Candidacy. es. El Mundo. 10 January 2023. 10 January 2023.
- Web site: Partido PAIS Pide Audiencia en el TSE "o se Tomarán las Calles", Aseguran Afiliados. PAIS Party Asks for Meeting with the TSE "or We Will Take the Streets". es. 16 August 2023. 17 August 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: PAÍS Presenta su Fórmula Presidencial: José Rodolfo Cardoza e Irma Sosa. PAIS Presents Its Presidential Formula: José Rodolfo Cardoza and Irma Sosa. es. 28 August 2023. 28 August 2023. La Noticia SV. San Salvador, El Salvador. Verónica. Martínez.
- Web site: PAIS Presenta su Fórmula Presidencial en Medio de Polémica Interna. PAIS Presents Its Presidential Formula Amidst Internal Controversy. es. 28 August 2023. 28 August 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: TSE Recibió Solicitud de Inscripción de Fórmula Presidencial del Partido PAIS. TSE Received a Request to Register the Presidential Formula of the PAIS Party. es. 21 September 2023. 22 September 2023. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Roy García Asegura que su Partido no debe Participar en las Elecciones 2024, Mientras PAIS Insiste en Inscribir Candidaturas. Roy García Assures that the Party Should Not Participate in the 2024 Elections, Meanwhile PAIS Insists in Registering its Candidacies. es. 4 October 2023. 5 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Abogado de PAIS Denuncia a Magistrados del TSE por Supuesto "Fraude". PAIS Lawyer Denounces TSE Magistrates for Supposed "Fraud". es. 13 October 2023. 15 October 2023. El Mundo.
- Web site: Candidaturas a Diputados de Asamblea Legislativa con Bastantes Prevenciones. Deputy Candidacies to the Legislative Assembly with A Lot of Preventions. es. 27 October 2023. 27 October 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: TSE Instruye a las Juntas que no Inscriba a los Candidatos de PAIS. TSE Instructs the Juntas to Not Register PAIS' Candidates. es. 28 November 2023. 28 November 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: GANA Eligió a sus Candidatos en Todos los Departamentos y Municipios para las Elecciones 2024. GANA Elected Its Candidates in All the Departments and Municipalities for the 2024 Elections. es. 16 July 2023. 17 July 2023. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Guillermo Gallegos Buscará un Período Más en la Asamblea Porque "Bukele se lo Pidió". Guillermo Gallegos Will Seek Another Term in the Assembly Because "Bukele Asked For It". es. 25 April 2023. 30 April 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Guillermo Gallegos Buscará Candidatura por la Alcaldía de San Salvador Centro. Guillermo Gallegos Seeks Candidacy for the Mayorship of San Salvador Centro. es. 25 June 2023. 26 June 2023. El Mundo. Dennis. Acosta.
- Web site: Guillermo Gallegos se Retracta de Candidatura como Alcalde de San Salvador Centro. Guillermo Gallegos Retracts Candidacy as Mayor of San Salvador Centro. es. 26 June 2023. 26 June 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán.
- Web site: GANA no Descarta una Coalición para Respaldar a Bukele en una Posible Candidatura Presidencial. GANA does not Discard a Coalition to Support Bukele in a Possible Presidential Candidacy. es. 19 September 2022. 26 June 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: GANA Apoyará la Reelección de Bukele Aunque Cambie de Partido. GANA Supports the Re-Election of Bukele if He Changes Party. es. 11 July 2022. Denni. Portillo. Gabriela. Villarroel. El Diario de Hoy. 21 March 2023.
- Web site: Diputado Guillermo Gallegos: «Al Único Candidato Presidencial que Podemos Llevar es a Nayib Bukele». Deputy Guillermo Gallegos: "The Only Presidential Candidate that We Can Take is Nayib Bukele". es. 16 June 2023. 18 June 2023. La Noticia SV. Jonathan. Guerrero. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: GANA Convoca a Elecciones Internas para Elegir Candidatos Hacia el 2024. GANA Invokes Internal Elections to Elect Candidates for 2024. 2 March 2023. 2 March 2023. es. El Mundo.
- Web site: Diez Partidos Cambian Fecha para Elecciones Internas. Ten Parties Change Date for Primary Elections. es. 16 June 2023. 16 June 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: Los 60 Candidatos a Diputados de GANA: ¿Quiénes Son?. The 60 Candidates to Deputy from GANA: Who Are They?. es. 19 July 2023. 19 July 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: GANA Completó Solicitud de Inscripción de Candidaturas a Diputados de los 14 Departamentos. GANA Completed Soliciting the Registration of the Deputy Candidates for the 14 Departments. es. 25 October 2023. 27 October 2023. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: PCN Buscará Triplicar Diputados. The PCN Seeks to Triple Its Deputies. es. 17 January 2023. 18 January 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: PCN Convoca a Elecciones Internas para Candidatos 2024. PCN Convokes Internal Elections for 2024 Candidates. es. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Partidos Tienen Tres Días para Terminar Elección Interna. Parties Have Three Days to Finish Their Primary Elections. es. 18 July 2023. 18 July 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: PCN y GANA Realizan sus Internas Pendientes al Término del Plazo. PCN and GANA Realize Their Primaries Pending the End of the Term. es. 21 July 2023. 21 July 2023. El Mundo. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Solo Un Pacto de Coalición Legislativa y Ninguno para Presidente hacia 2024. Just One Legislative Coalition Pact and None for President for 2024. es. 9 August 2023. 9 August 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Organización Poder Ciudadano Realiza Alianza con el PCN Hacia Elecciones 2024. Citizen Power Forms Alliance with PCN for 2024 Elections. 20 August 2023. 20 August 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: PCN no Participará en Elecciones Presidenciales, pero Dejará Abierto a que sus Miembros Apoyen a Quien Mejor les Parezca. PCN Will Not Participate in the Presidential Elections, but It Will Leave It Open for its Members to Support Whoever They See Fit. es. 21 August 2023. 22 August 2023. La Noticia SV. Guillermo. Molina. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Solo Cuatro Partidos Presentaron Candidaturas a Diputados para los 14 Departamentos. Only Four Parties Presented Deputies for all 14 Departments. es. 30 October 2023. 30 October 2023. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: Los Partidos Políticos FS, PCN, y CD Solicitaron Inscripción de Planilla de Aspirantes a Diputados al PARLACEN. The FS, PCN, and CD Political Parties Solicit Registration of Aspiring PARLACEN Deputies. es. 23 November 2023. 24 November 2023. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: PDC No Presentará Candidatura Presidencial en 2024. PDC Will Not Present a Presidential Candidacy in 2024. 5 June 2023. 5 June 2023. El Mundo. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: PDC Presentó a sus Precandidatos por San Salvador. PDC Presented Its Pre-Candidates for San Salvador. es. 13 July 2023. 13 July 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: PDC Dice no Llevará Candidato Presidencial 2024 y Presenta a Sus Candidatos a Diputados y Alcaldes. PDC Says It Will Not Present a 2024 Presidential Candidate and Presents Its Candidates for Deputies and Mayors. es. 24 September 2023. 25 September 2023. El Mundo. Jaqueline. Villeda.
- Web site: Vamos Convoca a Elecciones Internas para Escoger Candidatos a Alcaldes y Diputados. Vamos Convokes Internal Elections to Elect Mayoral and Deputy Candidates. es. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: "La Asamblea Debe ser una Prioridad para 2024": Claudia Ortiz Asegura que Lucha en Próximo Periodo Presidencial. "The Assembly Should be a Priority for 2023: Claudia Ortiz Assures that She Will Fight in the Next Presidential Period. es. 1 June 2023. 1 June 2023. Gabriel. Campos. La Prensa Gráfica.
- Web site: Vamos No Establecerá Coaliciones con Personas Señaladas de Corrupción para 2024. Vamos Will Not Establish Coalitions With People Marked with Corruption for 2024. es. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín. 20 July 2022. 23 April 2023.
- Web site: Vamos no Presentará Candidato para la Presidencia en 2024, dice Claudia Ortiz. Vamos Will Not Present a Candidate for the Presidency in 2024. 28 March 2023. 28 March 2023. es. Jessica. García. El Diario de Hoy.
- Web site: Partido Vamos Presenta su Lista de Candidatos para 2024. Vamos Party Presents Its List of Candidates for 2024. es. 16 July 2023. 16 July 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: De 12 Partidos Inscritos en el TSE, 9 han Convocado a Elecciones Internas. Of 12 Parties Registered with the TSE, 9 Have Invoked Internal Elections. es. 5 March 2023. 5 March 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Eugenia. Velásquez.
- Web site: Siete Partidos de 13 Inscritos Tienen Fecha de Elecciones Internas. Seven Parties of 13 Inscribed Have Internal Election Dates. es. 20 April 2023. 21 April 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: TSE Abre Inscripción para los Candidatos no Partidarios. TSE Opens Registration for Independent Candidates. es. 5 May 2023. 5 May 2023. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: Salvadoreños Tienen Cinco Días para Solicitar al TSE Diputación no Partidarias. Salvadorans Have Five Days to Solicit the TSE for Independent Deputies. es. 31 August 2023. 4 September 2023. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Único Candidato no Partidario Abandona Proceso de Inscripción. Only Independent Candidate Abandons Registration Process. es. 16 August 2023. 16 August 2023. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Multiple sources:
- Multiple sources:
- Multiple sources:
- Web site: En Vivo: Cierre de Escrutinio Final de la Elección de Presidente y Vicepresidente 2024. Live: The Final Scrutiny of the 2024 Election for President and Vice President Closes. es. 9 February 2024. 9 February 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: TSE Declara en Firme el Triunfo de Bukele. TSE Firmly Declares Bukele's Triumph. es. 17 February 2024. 17 February 2024. El Mundo. Ulevi. Alemán.
- Web site: Nayib Bukele Supera los Dos Millones de Votos, con Más del 70% en el Escrutinio Final. Nayib Bukele Surpasses Two Million Votes, with More than 70% of the Final Scrutiny. es. 8 February 2024. 8 February 2024. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: El Salvador: Tribunal Supremo Electoral Emite Notificación Sobre Acta de Escrutinio Final de las Elecciones Presidenciales. El Salvador: Supreme Electoral Court Issues Notification Regarding the Final Scrutiny of the Presidential Election. es. 18 February 2024. 3 March 2024. CNN en Español.
- Web site: TSE Entrega Credenciales a Bukele y Ulloa para Período Presidencial 2024-2029. The TSE Gives Credentials to Bukele and Ulloa for the 2024–2029 Presidential Term. es. 29 February 2024. 29 February 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Nuevas Ideas Será el 1er Partido con Mayoría Absoluta en el Congreso Salvadoreño. Nuevas Ideas Will Be the 1st Party with an Absolute Majority in the Salvadoran Congress. es. 20 February 2024. 21 February 2024. Contra Punto.
- Web site: ARENA y FMLN Experimentan la Derrota Electoral más Grande Desde 1994. ARENA and FMLN Experience the Largest Electoral Defeat Since 1994. es. 19 February 2024. 21 February 2024. Contra Punto.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo y CD Sin Votos para Sobrevivir. Nuestro Tiempo and CD Without Votes to Survive. es. 19 February 2024. 21 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriel. Campos.
- Web site: TSE Ratifica Resultados de Elecciones Legislativas. TSE Ratifies the Results of the Legislative Elections. es. 18 March 2024. 18 March 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: TSE Entregó las Credenciales a Diputaciones de la Asamblea 2024-2027. The TSE Gave the Deputies of the 2024–2027 Assembly Their Credentials. es. 20 March 2024. 21 March 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: Candidatos a las Alcaldías Comienzan la Fiesta y se Declaran Ganadores de las Elecciones Municipales. Candidates to the Mayorships Begin to Celebrate as They Are Declares Winners in the Municipal Elections. es. 3 March 2024. 3 March 2024. El Diario de Hoy. E.. Chacón.
- Web site: Cambios en Municipios Importantes. Changes in Important Municipalities. es. 4 March 2024. 4 March 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriel. Campos Madrid.
- Web site: Participación en Elecciones Municipales fue de 30.1%, la Más Baja en la Historia del TSE. Participation in the Municipal Elections was 30.1%, the Lowest in the History of the TSE. es. 5 March 2024. 5 March 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: Oposición Tendrá Regidores Solo en la Tercera Parte de los 44 Concejos del País. Opposition Will Have Aldermen in Only A Third of the 44 of the Country's Councils. es. 10 April 2024. 10 April 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: Entregarían Credenciales a Diputados del PARLACEN y Alcaldes Electos en Abril. They Will Give the Credentials to Elected PARLACEN Deputies and Mayors in April. es. 12 March 2024. 12 March 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Poca Afluencia de Ciudadanos en los Comicios. Little Citizen Affluence in the Elections. es. 4 March 2024. 4 March 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: PARLACEN: El Organismo por el que Miles de Salvadoreños Anularon su Voto ¿Por Qué se Creó, Qué Hace y Qué Países de Centroamérica no Están en Él?. PARLACEN: The Organization for Which Thousands of Salvadorans Annulled Their Vote. Why Was It Created, What Does It Do, and What Countries in Central America are Not In It?. es. La Prensa Gráfica. Beatriz. Calderón.
- Web site: El Salvador's President Bukele Declares Himself Winner of Presidential Vote. en. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. Reuters. Nelson. Renteria. Sarah. Kionsian. Drazen. Jorgic. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: El Salvador's President Bukele Claims "Record" Re-Election Victory. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. France 24.
- Web site: El Salvador's President Nayib Bukele Set for Landslide Election Victory after Gang Crackdown. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. Financial Times. Christine. Murray. subscription.
- Web site: Salvadorans Celebrating Expected Re-Election of "World's Coolest Dictator" as Their President. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. Associated Press. Megan. Janetsky. Marcos. Alemán. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: En Vivo: Nayib Bukele con Amplia Ventaja con el 31% de Actas Procesadas, Según el TSE. Live: Nayib Bukele with High Support at 31% of Votes Processed, According to the TSE. es. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Xiomara. Alfaro.
- Web site: El Salvador's Nayib Bukele Takes Aim at Critics in Looking Ahead to 2nd Presidential Term. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. The Hill. Megan. Janetsky. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: El Salvador's Nayib Bukele Heads for Re-Election as President but Troubled Scrutiny Delays Results. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. . Megan . Janetsky . Marcos . Alemán . San Salvador, El Salvador.
- News: After Nayib Bukele's Crushing, Unconstitutional Victory, What Next?. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. The Economist. Izalco and San Salvador. https://web.archive.org/web/20240205232748/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2024/02/05/after-nayib-bukeles-crushing-unconstitutional-victory-what-next. 5 February 2024. live. subscription.
- Web site: Funes: Sin Ninguna Duda, la Oposición fue Derrotada. «Claudia Ortiz Seguirá Dando la Batalla». Funes: Without a Doubt, the Opposition was Defeated. "Claudia Ortiz Will Continue Fighting the Battle". es. 20 February 2024. 21 February 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Manuel Flores: "No Desaparecimos, pero Sí Desapreció el Tribunal Supremo Electoral". Manuel Flores: "We Will Not Disappear, but the Supreme Electoral Court Did Disappear". es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. La Noticia SV. Griselda. López. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Manuel Flores del FMLN no Asume la Derrota: «Si me han Robado Votos». Manuel Flores of the FMLN Does Not Concede Defeat: "They Have Stolen Votes from Me". es. 19 February 2024. 20 February 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Bukele Landslide Shifts El Salvador to One-Party State, Amplifies Democracy Fears. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. Reuters. Sarah. Kinosian. Nelson. Renteria. Drazen. Jorgic. Christian. Plumb. Rosalba. O'Brien.
- Web site: Joel Sánchez Retorna a su Actividad Empresarial y le Desea Sabiduría a Bukele. Joel Sánchez Returns to His Business Activities and Wishes Wisdom to Bukele. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: FMLN Asegura Que No Necesita un Curul en la Asamblea para Defender los Intereses de los Salvadoreños. FMLN Assures that It Does Not Need a Seat in the Assembly to Defend the Interests of Salvadorans. es. 21 February 2024. 21 February 2024. Diario la Huella. Edgar. Torres.
- Web site: El Salvador's Nayib Bukele Committed Blatant Election Fraud. en. 20 February 2024. 21 February 2024. Jacobin. Hilary. Goodfriend.
- Web site: NI con 500,000 Votos Menos en Legislativas que en Presidenciales. NI with 500,000 Less Votes in Legislative Election than Presidential Election. es. 21 February 2024. 21 February 2024. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán.
- Web site: Diputado Gallegos: «Por Supuesto que Voy a Seguir Apoyando al Presidente Bukele». Deputy Gallegos: "Of Course I Will Continue Supporting President Bukele". es. 20 February 2024. 21 February 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Bukele Anunció que NI Junto con sus Aliados Sumaron 43 Alcaldías. Milagro Navas Ganó la Única Alcaldía de la Oposición. Bukele Announced that NI Together With Its Allies Won 43 Mayorships. Milagro Navas Won the Only Mayorship of the Opposition. es. 3 March 2024. 3 March 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales. El Salvador.
- Web site: Bukele Reconoce Voto de Castigo a Algunos Alcaldes pero Celebra que la Oposición solo Logró Una Alcaldía. Bukele Recognizes Punishing Votes to Some Mayors but Celebrates that Opposition Only Earned One Mayorship. es. 3 March 2024. 3 March 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: Milagro Navas Afirma "se Despoja" de su Color Partidario y Trabajará con el Gobierno de Bukele. Milagro Navas "Strips" Her Party Color and Will Work with Bukele's Government. es. 3 March 2024. 4 March 2024. El Mundo. Iliana. Cornejo. Leonardo. Cerón. Evelyn. Alas. Lisbeth. Ayala.
- Web site: FMLN Reconoce Derrota en Elecciones y Promete una "Reorganización Total". es. 4 March 2024. 4 March 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: FMLN Tras Quedarse Históricamente sin Diputados ni Alcaldías: "Este No es el Fin, es el Cierre de Una Etapa". FMLN After Ending Up Historically Without Deputies or Mayorships: "This is Not the End, It is the Closing of a Stage". es. 4 March 2024. 4 March 2024. Contra Punto.
- Web site: Presidente de Guatemala Felicita a Bukele por su Eventual Reelección. President of Guatemala Congratulates Bukele on His Eventual Re-Election. es. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. El Mundo. Walter. Solórzano.
- Web site: Países de la Región Felicitan a Nayib Bukele, Antes de que se Conozcan los Resultados de Elección Presidencial. Countries of the Region Congratulate Nayib Bukele, Before the Results of the Presidential Election are Known. es. 4 February 2024. 5 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Denni. Portillo.
- Web site: Daniel Ortega Felicita a "Hermano Nayib Bukele" por su Reelección. Daniel Ortega Congratulates "Brother Nayib Bukele" on His Re-Election. es. 5 February 2024. 6 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Denni. Portillo.
- Web site: Cuba y China Felicitan a Nayib Bukele por su Reelección en El Salvador. Cuba and China Congratulate Nayib Bukele on His Re-Election in El Salvador. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica.
- Web site: Presidente de Rusia Felicita a Nayib Bukele por Su Reelección y Espera que Prosiga la "Cooperación Ruso–Salvadoreña". President of Russia Congratulates Nayib Bukele on His Re-Election and Awaits that "Ruso-Salvadoran Cooperation" Continues. es. 12 February 2024. 12 February 2024. El Mundo. Javier. Maldonado.
- Web site: ONU Felicita a Bukele por su Reelección. UN Congratulates Bukele on His Re-Election. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: Argentina Felicita a Bukele y Afirma "Compromiso de Continuar Trabajando" con El Salvador. Argentina Congratulates Bukele and Reaffirms "Commitment to Continue Working" with El Salvador. es. 5 February 2024. 6 February 2024. Infobae. Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Web site: EEUU Felicita a Bukele y Dice que Espera con Interés Trabajar con Él. US Congratulates Bukele and Says They Wait with Interest to Work with Him. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. El Mundo.
- Web site: Senate Democrats Troubled by "Unconstitutional Moves" that Affected El Salvador Election. en. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. The Hill. Sarah. Fortinsky.
- Web site: Senadores de Florida y Texas Felicitan a Bukele y Piden su Apoyo para Mantener el "Orden Democrático y la Paz en la Región". Senators from Florida and Texas Congratulate Bukele and Ask for His Support in Maintaining "Democratic Order and Peace in the Region". es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. El Mundo. Javier. Maldonado.
- Multiple sources:
- News: The Inescapable Appeal of the World's "Coolest Dictator". en. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. The Washington Post. Ishaan. Tharoor.
- Web site: Bukele Expands His Power in El Salvador: The Era of the Single Party and the Single Leader is Born. en. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. El País. Juan Diego. Quesada. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: Bukele Acusa a TSE e Indra de Cerrar Centros de Votación en Exterior e Impedir Voto de Diáspora. Bukele Accuses the TSE and Indra of Closing Voting Centers in the Exterior and Impeding the Diaspora Vote. es. 4 February 2024. 4 February 2024. El Mundo. Javier. Maldonado.
- Web site: TSE da Marcha Atrás a Reabrir Voto Presencial en el Exterior. TSE Walks Back Re-Opening In-Person Voting in the Exterior. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Denni. Portillo.
- Web site: Presidente Bukele: "Recuerden Esto, Cuando la Oposición Vuelva a Pedirles el Voto en las Próximas Elecciones". President Bukele: "Remember This, When the Opposition Asks You Again for Votes in the Next Elections". es. 6 February 2024. 7 February 2024. Diario la Huella. Édgar. Torres.
- Web site: Partidos de Oposición se Quejan de la Tardanza de Resultados del Escrutinio Final. Opposition Parties Complain of the Delay of the Final Scrutiny Results. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. El Mundo. Magdalena. Reyes.
- Web site: Nuestro Tiempo Señala Inconsistencias en Resultados Preliminares Divulgados por el TSE. Nuestro Tiempo Signals Inconsistencies in Preliminary Results Published by the TSE. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Oposición Pide Recuento «Voto por Voto» ante Irregularidades en el Sistema de Transmisión de Datos. Opposition Asks for Recount "Vote by Vote" after Irregularities in the Data Transmission System. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. La Noticia SV. Verónica. Martínez. San Salvador, El Salvador.
- Web site: TSE Contará Voto por Voto para Definir Diputados, por Fallas en la Transmisión. TSE Will Count Vote by Vote to Define Deputies, due to Faults in the Transmission. es. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: TSE Tendría Resultados Oficiales Dentro de Dos Semanas, Dice Magistrado. TSE Will Have Official Results Within Two Weeks, Says Magistrate. es. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Jessica. García.
- Web site: TSE Inicia Proceso de Eccrutinio Final y Alista Recuento de Votos 2024. TSE Begins Process of Final Results and Begins Recount of Votes. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: TSE Inicia Escrutinio de Votos Legislativos, ARENA se Retira. TSE Initiates Scrutiny for Legislative Votes, ARENA Resigns. es. 12 February 2024. 12 February 2024. El Mundo. Jaqueline. Villeda.
- Web site: TSE Anuncia que Terminó de Escrutar los Votos para Diputados. TSE Announces it Completed Counting the Votes for Deputy. es. 18 February 2024. 18 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Laura. Jordán. Alejandra. Hernández.
- Web site: El Salvador's Bukele Wins Supermajority in Congress after Painstaking Vote Count. en. 19 February 2024. 20 February 2024. Associated Press. Marcos. Alemán. Megan. Janetsky. San Salvador and Mexico City.
- Web site: Papeletas Marcadas con Plumón y Votos Nulos Reconocidos como Válidos, Entre Irregularidades Denunciadas en Escrutinio. Ballots Marked with Pen and Null Votes Recognized as Valid, Among Irregularities Denounced in the Scrutiny. es. 13 February 2024. 14 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Xiomara. Alfaro.
- Web site: Denuncian Actas con Votos de Más, Papeletas Sin Doblez y Marcadas con Plumón. They Denounce Acts with Extra Votes, Unfolded Ballots and Marked with Pen. es. 13 February 2024. 14 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Gabriela. Villarroel. Javier. Urbina. Denni. Portillo.
- Web site: ARENA Pedirá Anular las Elecciones Presidenciales y Legislativas, Confirma el Presidente del Partido. ARENA Will Ask to Annul the Presidential and Legislative Elections, Confirms the President of the Party. es. 6 February 2024. 6 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Ronald. Erazo.
- Web site: FMLN y Nuestro Tiempo Analizan Pedir Nulidad de la Elección Legislativa. FMLN and Nuestro Tiempo Analyze Asking to Nullify the Legislative Election. es. 7 February 2024. 7 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: ARENA Solicitará a TSE Posponga 15 Días las Elecciones de Alcaldes y PARLACEN. ARENA Will Ask the TSE to Postpone the Mayoral and PARLACEN Elections by 15 Days. es. 10 February 2024. 11 February 2024. El Mundo. Javier. Maldonado.
- Web site: TSE no Aplazaría Elecciones del 3 de Marzo y Prepara Papeletas. TSE Will Not Postpone the 3 March Elections and Prepares Ballots. es. 14 February 2024. 14 February 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Vamos, NT y ARENA Piden al TSE Nulidad de Elecciones Legislativas Porque "se Falseó Voluntad Popular". Vamos, NT, and ARENA Ask the TSE to Nullify the Legislative Elections Because "the Popular Will was Falsified". es. 19 February 2024. 19 February 2024. El Mundo. Yolanda. Magaña.
- Web site: FMLN También Pide la Nulidad de las Elecciones Legislativas. FMLN Also Asks to Nullify the Legislative Elections. es. 19 February 2024. 20 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Susana. Peñate.
- Web site: TSE Declara Improcedentes Peticiones de Nulidad de Elecciones Legislativas. TSE Declares the Petition to Nullify the Legislative Elections as Unfounded. es. 22 February 2024. 22 February 2024. Gabriela. Villarroel.
- Web site: TSE También Declara Improcedente Nulidad del Escrutinio Legislativo Solicitada por el FMLN. TSE Also Declares the Legislative Scrutiny Nullification Solicited by the FMLN as Unfounded. es. 22 February 2024. 22 February 2024. El Mundo. Verónica. Crespín.
- Web site: Andy Failer al TSE por no Anular las Elecciones: «Ignoran el Fraude Estructural que Vició Esta Elección». Andy Failer on the TSE Not Annulling the Elections: "They Ignore the Structural Fraud which Vitiated This Election". es. 22 February 2024. 23 February 2024. La Noticia SV. David. Morales.
- Web site: OEA Vuelve a Cuestionar Falta de Control del TSE Sobre Escrutinio Final. OAS Again Questions the TSE's Lack of Control Regarding the Final Scrutiny. es. 22 February 2024. 22 February 2024. La Prensa Gráfica. Denni. Portillo.
- Web site: Observa El Salvador 2024 Dice se Omitieron Voto Válidos de Partidos Minoritarios. Observe El Salvador 2024 Says that Valid Votes for Minority Parties were Omitted. es. 23 February 2024. 23 February 2024. El Mundo. Jessica. Guzmán.
- Web site: Observadores Internacionales del CIS Señalan Irregularidades en Elecciones. International Observers of the CIS Signal Irregularities in Elections. es. 5 February 2024. 5 February 2024. El Diario de Hoy. Lissette. Lemus.
