2023 in paleobotany explained

This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2023, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2023.

Algae

Charophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Chara chhindwaraensis^[1]	Sp. nov	Valid	Khosla et al.	Late Cretaceous-Paleocene transition	Deccan Intertrappean Beds			A species of Chara.
Hornichara jianglingensis^[2]	Comb. nov		(Wang)	Eocene				A member of the family Characeae. Moved from Obtusochara jianglingensis Wang (1978).
Microchara shivarudrappai	Sp. nov	Valid	Khosla et al.	Late Cretaceous-Paleocene transition	Deccan Intertrappean Beds
Platychara closasi	Sp. nov	Valid	Khosla et al.	Late Cretaceous-Paleocene transition	Deccan Intertrappean Beds

Chlorophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Acicularia guizhouensis^[3]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bucur, Enos & Minzoni	Middle Triassic				A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales.
Archaeochaeta^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Maloney et al.	Tonian	Dolores Creek Formation			The type species is A. guncho.
Chaetocladus vasalemmense^[5]	Sp. nov		Kröger & Tinn in Kröger et al.	Ordovician (Sandbian)	Vasalemma Formation
Eocladus estoniense	Sp. nov		Kröger & Tinn in Kröger et al.	Ordovician (Sandbian)	Vasalemma Formation
Kantia granieri	Sp. nov	Valid	Bucur, Enos & Minzoni	Middle Triassic				A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales.
Kantia intusannulata	Sp. nov	Valid	Bucur, Enos & Minzoni	Middle Triassic				A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales.
Kantia muxinanii	Sp. nov	Valid	Bucur, Enos & Minzoni	Middle Triassic				A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales.
Palaeoulvaria^[6]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kolosov	Ediacaran	Byuk Formation			A green alga belonging to the group Ulvales. The type species is P. plate.
Parachlamydomonas^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gan et al.	Middle Triassic	Yanchang Formation			The type species is P. ellipasis.
Paraeudorina	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gan et al.	Middle Triassic	Yanchang Formation			The type species is P. spheroesis.
Paraoocystis	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gan et al.	Middle Triassic	Yanchang Formation			The type species is P. ovalsis.
Pseudocarteria	Gen. et sp. nov		Gan et al.	Middle Triassic	Yanchang Formation			The type species is P. globuloesis. The generic name is shared with Pseudocarteria Ettl.
Sphaeroplea striatocristata^[8]	Sp. nov		Perez Loinaze et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Chorrillo Formation			A species of Sphaeroplea.
Voronocladus^[9]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Skompski et al.	Silurian				Originally described as a green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales and the family Triploporellaceae; subsequently argued by LoDuca (2024) to be a member of Bryopsidales.^[10] Genus includes new species V. dryganti.

Phycological research

• Harvey (2023) interprets a well-preserved assemblage of acritarchs from the Cambrian Stage 4 Forteau Formation (Canada) as fossil material of planktic green algae with coenobial colony formation.^[11]
• Yang et al. (2023) reinterpret Protomelission as an early dasycladalean green alga;^[12] however, Xiang et al. (2023) subsequently interpret Protomelission as a scleritome of Cambroclavus, which in turn is considered by the authors to be a probable epitheliozoan-grade eumetazoan like the contemporaneous chancelloriids, unrelated to bryozoans or to dasycladalean algae.^[13]

Lycophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Nothostigma sepeensis^[14]	Sp nov		Spiekermann, Jasper, Guerra-Sommer & D. Uhl	Early Permian Cisuralian				An herbaceous lycopsid
Selaginella quatsinoense^[15]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rothwell & Stockey	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)	Longarm Formation			A species of Selaginella.
Thomasites^[16]	Gen., sp. et comb. nov		Bek et al.	Carboniferous				A herbaceous lycophyte. Genus includes new species T. serratus also includes Lycopodites elongatus Goldenberg (1855).

Lycophyte research

• A study on the ground-level trunk vasculature of Sigillaria approximata from the Pennsylvanian Calhoun Coal of Illinois (United States) is published by D'Antonio (2023), who finds evidence indicating that wood growth at the base of the trunk was different from the arborescent lycopsid wood growth model of Cichan (1985).^{[17] [18]}
• Turner et al. (2023) report diverse phyllotaxis in leaves of the lycopod Asteroxylon mackiei from the Devonian Rhynie chert (United Kingdom), including whorls and spirals, and interpret this finding as suggesting that Fibonacci-style patterning was not ancestral to living land plants, as well as indicative of developmental similarities between lycophyte leaves and reproductive structures.^[19]

Ferns and fern allies

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Botryopteridium sinensis^[20]	Sp. nov		Zhou et al.	Permian				A botryopterid fern.
Conustheca^[21]	Gen. et comb. nov		Fernández & Césari	Carboniferous-Permian transition	Bajo de Véliz Formation	Argentina		A member of Equisetales. The type species is Tchernovia? velizensis Durán, Hünicken & Antón (1997).
Diplazites campbellii^[22]	Sp. nov		Pšenička et al.	Carboniferous Kasimovian				A psaroniaceous marattialean fern.
Dizeugotheca saudica^[23]	Comb. nov		(Wagner, Hill & El-Khayal)	Permian				A member of the family Marattiaceae. Moved from Gemellitheca saudica Wagner, Hill & El-Khayal (1985).
Dryopterites beishanensis^[24]	Sp nov		Ren & Sun	Late Cretaceous	Chijinbao Formation	China		A fern First announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Equisetum kekeense^[25]	Sp. nov		Zhang & Xie in Cao et al.	Miocene	Youshashan Formation			A species of Equisetum.
Equisetum siwalikum^[26]	Sp. nov		Kundu, Hazra & Khan in Kundu et al.	Miocene				A species of Equisetum.
Equisetum wulanense	Sp. nov		Zhang & Xie in Cao et al.	Miocene	Youshashan Formation			A species of Equisetum.
Goeppertella unicyclica^[27]	Sp. nov		Escapa & Yañez in Yañez, Escapa & Choo	Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)				A member of the family Dipteridaceae.
Microlepia burmasia^[28]	Sp. nov	Valid	Long, Wang, & Shi	Cretaceous	Burmese amber			A fern of uncertain affinities. Originally described as a dennstaedtiaceous fern, but this classification was contested by Zhang (2024).^[29] Published online in 2022, but the issue date of the article naming it is listed as March 2023.
Palaeosorum siwalikum^[30]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kundu, Hazra & Khan in Kundu et al.	Miocene				A member of the family Polypodiaceae. Announced in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024.
Prosperifilix^[31]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Wang, Shi & Engel in et al.	Cretaceous	Burmese amber			A member of the family Dryopteridaceae. The type species is P. sepeliogladius.
Qasimia archangelskyi	Sp. nov		Kerp et al.	Permian	Umm Irna Formation			A member of the family Marattiaceae.
Szea yunnanensis^[32]	Sp. nov		Guo, Zhou & Feng in Guo et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Xuanwei Formation			A leptosporangiate fern.
Todea minutacaulis^[33]	Sp. nov		Walker, Rothwell & Stockey	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)				A species of Todea.
Trichomanes angustum^[34]	Comb. nov		(Li & Wang)	Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)	Burmese amber			A member of the family Hymenophyllaceae, a species of Trichomanes sensu lato. Moved from Hymenophyllites angustus Li & Wang (2022).

Pteridological research

• A study on fossils of Pecopteris from the Mazon Creek fossil beds (Illinois, United States), indicative of association of a suite of saturated phytohopanoid and aromatised terpenoid diagenetic biomarker products with true fern fossils, is published by Tripp et al. (2023).^[35]
• Blanco-Moreno & Buscalioni (2023) identify Sphenopteris wonnacottii as a junior synonym of Coniopteris laciniata, provide whole plant reconstruction of C. laciniata, and interpret the variability of the pinnules of C. laciniata as likely caused by the submersion of the apical part of fronds in water during their development.^[36]

Ginkgophytes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Austroginkgoxylon^[37]	Gen. et sp. nov		Martínez & Leppe in Martínez et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Dorotea Formation			A member of Ginkgoales. The type species is A. dutrae.
Eretmophyllum polypapillosum^[38]	Sp. nov	Valid	Frolov & Mashchuk	Jurassic	Prisayan Formation
Eretmophyllum yershowskiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Frolov & Mashchuk	Jurassic	Prisayan Formation
Ginkgo henanensis^[39]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li & Xu in Li et al.	Paleocene	Dazhang Formation			A species of Ginkgo.
Karkenia archangelskiana^[40]	Sp. nov		Nosova in Nosova, Kostina & Afonin	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Khuren Dukh Formation			A member of the family Karkeniaceae.
Sphenobaiera krassilovii	Sp. nov		Nosova, Kostina & Afonin	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Khuren Dukh Formation

Conifers

Cheirolepidiaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Classostrobus archangelskyi^[41]	Sp. nov		Kvaček, Mendes & Tekleva	Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian)	Figueira da Foz Formation
Pararaucaria laiyangensis^[42]	Sp. nov		Jin et al.	Early Cretaceous	Laiyang Formation
Pseudofrenelopsis dinisii^[43]	Sp. nov		Mendes, Kvaček & Doyle	Cretaceous (Hauterivian?)	Santa Susana Formation			A cheirolepidiaceous foliage morphospecies
Pseudofrenelopsis zlatkoi^[44]	Sp. nov		Kvaček & Mendes	Cretaceous (late Aptian-early Albian)	Figueira da Foz Formation			A cheirolepidiaceous foliage morphospecies

Cordaitaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Florinanthus bussacensis^[45]	Sp. nov		Correia et al.	Carboniferous (Gzhelian)
Florinanthus longiantheratus^[46]	Sp. nov		Bureš et al.	Carboniferous (Moscovian)	Plzeň Basin			Pollen-bearing organs of a member of Cordaitales.

Cupressaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Amurodendron^[47]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sokolova et al.	Paleocene				A conifer with affinities with the family Cupressaceae. The type species is A. pilosum. Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023.
Juniperus chifengensis^[48]	Sp. nov		Xiao & Guo in Guo et al.	Miocene		China		A species of Juniper.
Mukawastrobus arnoldii^[49]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rothwell, Stockey & Smith	Late Cretaceous				A taiwanioid cupressaceous conifer.

Pinaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Keteleeria farjonii^[50]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A species of Keteleeria.
Keteleeria huolinhensis^[51]	Sp. nov		Zhu et al.	Early Cretaceous	Huolinhe Formation			A species of Keteleeria.
Pinus bukatkinii^[52]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bazhenova et al.	Middle Jurassic				A pine.
Tsuga weichangensis^[53]	Sp. nov	In press	Li et al.	Miocene				A species of Tsuga. Announced in Feb 2023, formally published Jan 2024

Podocarpaceae

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Location	Synonymy	Notes	Images
Acmopyle grayae^[54]	Sp. nov		Andruchow-Colombo et al.	Eocene	Laguna del Hunco Formation			A species of Acmopyle.
Dacrycarpus engelhardti	Comb. nov		(Berry)	Eocene				A species of Dacrycarpus. Moved from Podocarpus engelhardti Berry (1938).
Phyllocladoxylon antarcticum^[55]	Sp. nov	valid	Pujana et al.	Oligocene	San José Formation			A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Podocarpoxylon paradoxi	Sp. nov		Martínez & Leppe in Martínez et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Dorotea Formation			A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies.
Podocarpoxylon resinosum	Sp. nov	valid	Pujana et al.	Oligocene	San José Formation			A podocarpaceous wood morphospecies Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023

Other conifers

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Brachyoxylon qijiangense^[57]	Sp. nov		Xie, Wang & Tian in Xie et al.	Middle Jurassic	Shaximiao Formation			A member of Pinales of uncertain affinities.
Brachyphyllum dimorpha^[58]	Sp. nov		Morales-Toledo & Cevallos-Ferriz	Middle Jurassic	Otlaltepec Formation			Coniferous foliage of uncertain affinities.
Mirovia oskolica^[59]	Sp. nov		Nosova in Nosova & Lyubarova	Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Callovian)				Coniferous leaves assigned to the family Miroviaceae.
Parnaiboxylon wangi^[60]	Sp. nov		Wang et al.	Carboniferous (Moscovian)	Benxi Formation			A coniferous petrified wood.
Platycladium mexicana	Sp. nov		Morales-Toledo & Cevallos-Ferriz	Middle Jurassic	Otlaltepec Formation
Secrospiroxylon^[61]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cai, Zhang & Feng in Cai et al.	Permian				A coniferous stem. The type species is S. tolgoyensis.
Yiwupitys^[62]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gou & Feng in Gou et al.	Middle Jurassic	Xishanyao Formation			A conifer stem of uncertain affinities. The type species is Y. elegans.

Conifer research

• Trümper et al. (2023) report the discovery of fossil trees from the Athesian Volcanic Group (Italy) interpreted as remains of a Permian (Kungurian) forest where conifers were the major arborescent plants, substantiating the presence of coniferopsids in wetlands around the Carboniferous/Permian boundary.^[63]
• Slodownik et al. (2023) describe new fossil material (including the first putative female reproductive remains) of Araucarioides linearis from the Eocene Macquarie Harbour Formation (Australia), interpret Araucarioides sinuosa to be a junior synonym of A. linearis, and consider A. linearis to be a non-Agathis agathioid belonging to an extinct lineage that originated in the Cretaceous, lived in high paleolatitudes and had adaptations to seasonal environments which allowed it to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.^[64]
• Andruchow-Colombo et al. (2023) review the fossil record of Podocarpaceae, and argue that the earliest reliable occurrences of members of this family are from the Jurassic of both hemispheres.^[65]

Flowering plants

Monocots

Alismatales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Appianospadix^[66]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Stockey et al.	Eocene				A member of the family Araceae. The type species is A. bogneri
Nichima^[67]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Hernández-Sandoval, Cevallos-Ferriz & Hernández-Damián	Oligocene-Miocene				A member of the family Alismataceae. Genus includes N. magalloniae and N. gonzalez-medranoi.

Arecales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Cryosophiloxylon indicum^[68]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kumar & Khan	Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)-Paleocene (Danian)	Deccan Intertrappean Beds			A member of the tribe Cryosophileae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024.
Palmocarpon dicellaformis^[69]	Comb. nov		(Berry)	Oligocene				A palm fruit with affinities to extant Bactridinae. Moved from Carpolithus dicellaformis Berry (1929).
Sabalites siwalicus^[70]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mahato & Khan	Miocene	Chunabati Formation			Published online in 2024, but the issue date is listed as December 2023.

Basal eudicots

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Macginitiea basilobata^[71]	Comb. nov		(Ward)	Paleocene				Moved from Platanus basilobata Ward (1887).
Macginitiea rannii	Sp. nov	"Kisinger Lakes flora"	Huegele & Correa Narvaez	Eocene
Macginitiea rileyi	Comb. nov		(Ball)	Eocene				Moved from Platanus rileyi Ball (1939).
Megahertzia paleoamplexicaulis^[72]	Sp. nov	Valid	Carpenter & Rozefelds	Eocene	Salt Creek Formation			A species of Megahertzia
Notocyamus^[73]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gobo et al in Gobo et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian?/Aptian)	Crato Formation	Brazil		A Nelumbonaceous lotus. The type species is N. hydrophobus.
Palaeosinomenium oisensis^[74]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kara et al.	Paleocene				A member of the family Menispermaceae. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024.
Zizyphoides retusa^[75]	Comb. nov	Valid	(Heer)	Probably late Eocene				A member of the family Trochodendraceae. Moved from Populus retusa Heer (1876).

Basal eudicot research

• Evidence from the palynomorph fossil record, interpreted as indicating that members of the family Proteaceae reached South African Cape in the Late Cretaceous from North-Central Africa rather than from Australia across the Indian Ocean, is presented by Lamont, He & Cowling (2023).^[76]

Superasterids

Solanales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Eophysaloides^[81]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Deanna et al.	Eocene	Esmeraldas Formation			A member of the family Solanaceae. The type species is E. inflata.
Lycianthoides	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Deanna et al.	Eocene	Green River Formation Parachute Creek Member			A member of the family Solanaceae. The type species is L. calycina.

General Superasterid research

Superrosids

Cucurbitales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Parvaspicula^[82]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Correa et al.	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation		Antholithes pendula	A tetramelaceous seed morphotype The type species is P. lepidioides Moved from Clethra (?) lepidioides Cockerell (1925)^[83] ^[84]
Punctaphyllum	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Correa Narvaez et al.	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation		Aleurites glandulosa Dendropanax latens	A tetramelaceous leaf morphotype The type species is P. glandulosa Moved from Cucurbita glandulosa Brown (1929)^[85]

Fabales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Acacia haominiae^[86]	Sp. nov		Wang et al.	Miocene	Fotan Group			A species of Acacia.
Albizia yenbaiensis^[87]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nguyen, Su & J. Huang in Nguyen et al.	Miocene	Yen Bai Basin			An Albizia species. Announced in 2022 Officially published January 2023
Anthonotha shimaglae^[88]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pan et al.	Miocene	Mush Valley			A species of Anthonotha.
Bauhinia tibetensis^[89]	Sp. nov		Gao & Su in Gao et al.	Paleocene				A species of Bauhinia.
Englerodendron mulugetanum^[90]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pan et al.	Miocene	Mush Valley			A species of Englerodendron.
Entada simojovelensis^[91]	Sp. nov		Estrada-Ruiz & Gómez-Acevedo	Miocene	Simojovel Group			A species of Entada.
Goniorrhachisinoxylon^[92]	Gen. et sp. nov		Dutra, Martínez & Wilberger	Oligocene				A member of Detarioideae. The type species is G. sergioarchangelskii.

Fagales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Carya leroyii	Sp. nov	Valid	Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A hickory.
Engelhardia guipingensis^[93]	Sp. nov		Song & Jin in Song et al.	Miocene	Erzitang Formation			A species of Engelhardia.
Gymnostoma stuartii^[94]	Sp. nov		Whang, Hill & Hill	Neogene				A species of Gymnostoma.
Leguminocarpum meghalayensis^[95]	Sp. nov	valid	Bhatia, Srivastava & Mehrotra	Late Paleocene	Tura Formation			A fabaceous seed pod morphospecies. Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Nothofagoxylon ruei	Sp. nov	valid	Pujana et al.	Oligocene	San José Formation			A nothofagaceous wood morphospecies Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Parvileguminophyllum damalgiriensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Bhatia, Srivastava & Mehrotra	Late Paleocene	Tura Formation			A fabaceous legume leaf morphospecies. Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023

Malpighiales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Elatine odgaardii^[96]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bennike in Bennike et al.	Probably early Pleistocene				A species of Elatine. Announced in 2022; the final article version was published in 2023.
Macaranga kirkjohnsonii^[97]	Sp. nov		Wilf, Iglesias & Gandolfo	Eocene (Ypresian)	Huitrera Formation			A species of Macaranga.
Passiflora sulcatasperma^[98]	Sp. nov		Hermsen	Pliocene	Gray Fossil Site			A species of Passiflora.
Tineafructus	Gen. et sp. nov		Wilf, Iglesias & Gandolfo	Eocene (Ypresian)	Huitrera Formation			A member of the family Euphorbiaceae belonging to the subfamily Acalyphoideae and the tribe Acalypheae. The type species is T. casamiquelae.
Trigonostemon zhangpuensis^[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dong & Sun in Zheng et al.	Miocene	Fotan Group			A species of Trigonostemon.

Malvales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Bombax asiatica^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hazra, Bera & Khan	Pliocene				A species of Bombax.
Cistoxylon cistoides	Sp. nov		Akkemik & Mantzouka in Akkemik et al.	Neogene
Elizabethiaxylon^[101]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Ruiz, Pujana & Brea	Paleocene	Salamanca Formation			Fossil wood of a plant related to the Malvaceae. The type species is E. patagonicum.
Notomalvaceoxylon	Gen. et sp. nov		Martínez & Leppe in Martínez et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Dorotea Formation			Fossil wood of a plant belonging to the Malvaceae. The type species is N. magallanense.
Pterospermum shuangxingii^[102]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhao, Huang & Su in Zhao et al.	Miocene	Sanhaogou Formation			A species of Pterospermum.

Myrtales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Conocarpoxylon^[103]	Gen. et sp. nov		Ramos et al.	Pleistocene	El Palmar Formation			Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae. Genus includes new species C. cristalliferum.
Duabanga makumensis^[104]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bhatia, Srivastava & Mehrotra	Oligocene (Chattian)	Tikak Parbat Formation			A species of Duabanga.
Myrtineoxylon hoffmannae	Sp. nov	valid	Pujana et al.	Oligocene	San José Formation			A myrtaceous wood morphospecies. Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Sonneratioxylon barrocoloradoensis^[105]	Sp. nov		Pérez-Lara in Martínez et al.	Miocene (Aquitanian)				A member of the family Lythraceae.
Terminalioxylon paravirens	Sp. nov		Ramos et al.	Pleistocene	El Palmar Formation			Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae.
Terminalioxylon ushun	Sp. nov		Ramos et al.	Pleistocene	El Palmar Formation			Fossil wood of a member of the family Combretaceae.
Trapa haominiae^[106]	Sp. nov		Wu et al.	Miocene	Fotan Group			A species of Trapa.

Rosales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aphananthe manchesteri^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hernández-Damián, Rubalcava-Knoth & Cevallos Ferriz	Miocene	La Quinta Formation (Mexican amber)			A species of Aphananthe.
Eopaliura^[108]	Gen. et sp. nov		Patel, Rana & Khan in Patel et al.	Eocene	Palana Formation			A member of the family Rhamnaceae belonging to the tribe Paliureae. The type species is E. indica.
Ficus paleoauriculata^[109]	Sp. nov		Chandra et al.	Paleogene				A species of Ficus.
Ficus paleodicranostyla	Sp. nov		Chandra et al.	Paleogene				A species of Ficus.
Ficus paleovariegata	Sp. nov		Chandra et al.	Paleogene				A species of Ficus.
Gouianiaites^[110]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Centeno-González, Porras-Múzquiz & Estrada-Ruiz	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Olmos Formation			A member of the family Rhamnaceae. Genus includes new species G. muzquizensis.
Helicostyloxylon^[111]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martinez Martinez	Miocene	Ituzaingó Formation			A member of the family Moraceae. Genus includes new species H. paranensis.
Kageneckia coloradensis^[112]	Comb. nov	Valid	(Knowlton) Denk et al.	Eocene Priabonian	Florissant Formation		Myrica amygdalina auct. non Saporta nec Lesquereux (1883)	A species of Kageneckia. Moved from Myrica coloradensis (1916).
Ulmus palaeoparvifolia^[113]	Sp. nov		Lu et al.	Miocene	Xiaolongtan Formation			An elm.
Urticaleoxylon	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A member of Rosales with features found in urticalean families. The type species is U. stevensii.
Vauquelinia aculeata	Comb. nov	Valid	(Saporta) Denk et al.	Oligocene Chattian	Aix-en-Provence Formation			A species of Vauquelinia. Moved from Myrica aculeata (1873) First named Banksites aculeatus (1862).
Vauquelinia obscura	Comb. nov	Valid	(Saporta) Denk et al.	Oligocene Rupelian	Saint-Zacharie Limestone			A species of Vauquelinia. Moved from Banksites obscurus Saporta (1863).
Vauquelinia serra	Comb. nov	Valid	(Unger) Denk et al.	Miocene	Parschlug Basin			A species of Vauquelinia. Moved from Prinsepia serra (2004) First named Quercus serra (1847).

Sapindales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aesculus constabularisii	Sp. nov	Valid	Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A species of Aesculus.
Bursericarpum indicum^[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kumar et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene transition	Deccan Intertrappean Beds			A burseraceous fruit.
Burseroxylon panzai^[115]	Sp. nov		Rombola et al.	Late Cretaceous	Cardiel Formation			Fossil wood with possible affinities with Anacardiaceae or Burseraceae.
Canarium leenhoutsii^[116]	Sp. nov	In press	Beurel et al.	Miocene	Zhangpu amber			A species of Canarium.
Canarium wangboi	Sp. nov	In press	Beurel et al.	Miocene	Zhangpu amber			A species of Canarium.
Cyrtocarpa biapertura^[117]	Sp. nov	Valid	Del Rio et al.	Paleocene and Eocene				A species of Cyrtocarpa.
Debursera	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kumar et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene transition	Deccan Intertrappean Beds			A burseraceous flower. The type species is D. indica.
Klaassenoxylon	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov		Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A member of the family Sapindaceae. Genus includes new species K. wilkinsonii, as well as "Sapindoxylon" klaassenii Wheeler & Manchester (2002).
Sahniocarpon deccanensis^[118]	Comb. nov	Valid	(Karanjekar)	Late Cretaceous				A member of the family Burseraceae. Moved from Cremocarpon deccanii Karanjekar (1984).
Swietenia palaeomahagoni^[119]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chandra et al.	Paleogene				A species of Swietenia.

Saxifragales

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Liquidambar hainanensis^[120]	Sp. nov		Maslova et al.	Eocene	Changchang Formation			A species of Liquidambar.
Liquidambar ovoidea	Sp. nov		Maslova et al.	Eocene	Changchang Formation			A species of Liquidambar.
Parrotia zhiyanii^[121]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wu et al.	Miocene	Zhangpu amber			A species of Parrotia. Published online in 2023; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2024.

Superrosid research

• Nishino et al. (2023) study the composition of a fossil forest from the Miocene Nakamura Formation of the Mizunami Group (Japan), including stumps of Wataria parvipora and leaves of Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium, and interpret their finding as suggesting that W. parvipora and B. tiliifolium were parts of the same plant, as well as suggesting that Byttneriophyllum-bearing plants might have belonged to the subfamily Helicteroideae.^[123]

Other angiosperms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Ascarinophyllum^[124]	Gen. et sp. nov	valid	Čepičková & Kvaček	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Peruc–Korycany Formation			A Basal angiosperm leaf morphogenus Similar to Mesodescolea plicata and Chloranthaceae. The type species is A. pecinovense. Officially published in 2023
Cinnamomum miocenicum^[125]	Sp. nov		Mahato, Hazra & Khan in Mahato et al.	Miocene	Chunabati Formation			A species of Cinnamomum.
Compitoxylon^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gentis, De Franceschi & Boura in Gentis et al.	Paleocene (Danian-Selandian)	Paunggyi Formation			Fossil wood with anatomical features found in diverse extant flowering plant groups, might be placed at the base of the asterids, close to Malpighiales, close to Proteales at the base of eudicots, or even in Laurales. The type species is C. paleocenicum.
Magnolia hansnooteboomii	Sp. nov	Valid	Wheeler, Manchester & Baas	Eocene	John Day Formation			A species of Magnolia.
Palibinia comptonifolia^[127]	Comb. nov		(Brown) Manchester, Judd, & Kodrul	Eocene Ypresian	Green River Formation			A pentapetalean eudicot of uncertain affiliation. Moved from Vauquelinia comptonifolia (1969) Originally named Banksia comptonifolia (1934)
Papillaephyllum^[128]	Gen. et sp. nov		Čepičková & Kvaček	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Peruc–Korycany Formation			Foliage of a flowering plant, possibly with affinities with the family Chloranthaceae. The type species is P. labutae.
Pteroheterochrosperma^[129]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Greenwalt & Manchester	Eocene	Kishenehn Formation			Disseminules of uncertain affinities. The type species is P. horseflyensis.
Quadrasubulaflora	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Greenwalt & Manchester	Eocene	Kishenehn Formation			Flower of uncertain affinities, possibly related to members of the family Apiaceae belonging to the tribe Saniculeae or to the subtribe Scandicinae within the tribe Scandiceae. The type species is Q. kishenehnensis.
Racheliflora^[130]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Friis, Crane & Pedersen	Early Cretaceous	Potomac Group			An early angiosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, most closely related to magnoliids, possibly with lauralean affinities. The type species is R. virginiensis.
Todziaphyllum saportanum	Comb. nov	valid	(Velenovský) Čepičková & Kvaček	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Peruc–Korycany Formation			A Basal angiosperm leaf morphogenus A new combination for Banksites saportanus Officially published in 2023
Tortorellixylon	Gen. et sp. nov		Rombola et al.	Late Cretaceous	Cardiel Formation			Fossil wood of a flowering plant of uncertain affinities. The type species is T. oligoporosum.
Xilinia^[131]	Gen. et sp. nov		Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Shengli Formation			An early angiosperm of uncertain affinities. The type species is X. shengliensis.

• A study on the affinities of Santaniella, based on data from new fossil material from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation (Brazil), is published by Pessoa et al. (2023), who don't support the interpretation of Santaniella as a ranuculid, and consider it to be a mesangiosperm of uncertain affinities, possibly a magnoliid.^[132]
• Pessoa, Ribeiro & Christenhusz (2023) describe new fossil material of Araripia florifera from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil, interpret its anatomy as indicating that it did not belong to the family Calycanthaceae, and assign it to the new family Araripiaceae in the stem group of Laurales.^[133]

Angiosperm research

• A study aiming to determine the affinities of 24 exceptionally preserved fossil flowers is published by López-Martínez et al. (2023).^[134]
• A study aiming to determine the phylogenetic relationships of nine putative magnolialean fossils is published by Doyle & Endress (2023).^[135]
• Chambers & Poinar (2023) reinterpret Endobeuthos paleosum as a member of the family Proteaceae;^[136] this interpretation is subsequently contested by Lamont & Ladd (2024).^[137]
• A study on the diversification of the flowering plant throughout their evolutionary history is published by Thompson & Ramírez-Barahona (2023), who report evidence of stable extinction rates through time and find no evidence of a significant impact of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on the extinction rates of major flowering plant lineages.^[138]

Other plants

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Aberlemnia junggaria^[139]	Sp. nov	In press	Liu & Xu in Liu et al.	Silurian (Přídolí)
Aberlemnia krizii^[140]	Sp. nov		Libertín, Kvaček & Bek	Silurian (Přídolí)				A vascular plant related to Lycophytina.
Archangelskyoxylon^[141]	Gen. et sp. nov		Gnaedinger, Brea & Martínez	Early Jurassic (Sinemurian–Toarcian)	Roca Blanca Formation			A member of the family Gnetidae. The type species is A. carlquistii.
Arlenea^[142]	Gen. et sp. nov		Ribeiro et al.	Early Cretaceous	Crato Formation			A member of the family Ephedraceae. The type species is A. delicata.
Aysenoxylon	Gen et sp nov	valid	Pujana et al.	Oligocene	San José Formation			A wood morphospecies of uncertain affinity. The type species is A. patorarensis. Announced in 2022 Officially published in 2023
Campylopus lusitanicus^[143]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss, a species of Campylopus.
Canaliculidium	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss belonging to the family Leucobryaceae. The type species is C. fissuratum.
Capesporangites^[144]	Gen. et sp. nov		Uhlířová, Pšenička & Sakala	Silurian (Přídolí)				A rhyniophytoid with bryophyte-like features. The type species is C. petrkraftii.
Chlorosphagnum	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss, a member of Sphagnales of uncertain affinities. The type species is C. cateficense.
Cycadodendron^[145]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Luthardt, Rößler & Stevenson	Permian (Sakmarian–Artinskian)	Leukersdorf Formation			A gymnosperm with cycadalean affinities. The type species is C. galtieri.
Daohugoucladus^[146]	Gen. et sp. nov		Yang et al.	Middle Jurassic	Daohugou Beds			A member of the family Gnetidae. The type species is D. sinensis.
Dicranodontium minutum	Sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss, a species of Dicranodontium.
Hanophyllum^[147]	Gen. et sp. nov		Barbacka et al.	Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)				A cycadophyte foliage. The type species is H. varioserratum.
Kannaskoppianthus aasvoelensis^[148]	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Kannaskoppianthus komanthus	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Kannaskoppianthus switzianthus	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Kannaskoppianthus telepentatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Komlopteris artabeae^[149]	Comb. nov		(Herbst & Gnaedinger)	Early Jurassic	Nestares Formation			A corystosperm. Moved from Alicurana artabei Herbst & Gnaedinger (2002).
Komlopteris boolensis	Sp. nov		Slodownik, Hill & McLoughlin	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian–Barremian)	Rintoul Creek Formation			A corystosperm.
Komlopteris constricta	Comb. nov		(Halle)	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Upper Mount Flora Formation	Antarctica		A corystosperm. Moved from Thinnfeldia constricta Halle (1913).
Komlopteris khatangiensis	Comb. nov		(Sengupta)	Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous	Dubrajpur Formation			A corystosperm. Moved from Thinnfeldia khatangiensis Sengupta (1988).
Komlopteris nestarensis	Comb. nov		(Herbst & Gnaedinger)	Early Jurassic	Nestares Formation			A corystosperm. Moved from Alicurana nestarensis Herbst & Gnaedinger (2002).
Komlopteris purlawaughensis	Sp. nov		Slodownik, Hill & McLoughlin	Late Jurassic	Purlawaugh Formation			A corystosperm.
Komlopteris tiruchirapalliense	Comb. nov		(Sukh-Dev & Rajanikanth)	Early Cretaceous	Sivaganga Formation			A corystosperm. Moved from Sphenopteris tiruchirapalliense Sukh-Dev & Rajanikanth (1988).
Komlopteris victoriensis	Sp. nov		Slodownik, Hill & McLoughlin	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Eumeralla Formation			A corystosperm.
Mongolitria^[150]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Bickner et al.	Early Cretaceous				A gymnosperm seed. Genus includes M. friisae and M. exesum.
Nebuloxyla^[151]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lalica & Tomescu	Devonian (Emsian)				An early euphyllophyte. Genus includes new species N. mikmaqiana.
Pachytesta duquesnei^[152]	Sp. nov		Vallois & Nel	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Bruay Formation			A medullosalean "seed".
Paradoxa^[153]	Gen. et sp. nov		Liu, Shen & Wang	Middle Jurassic (Callovian)	Jiulongshan Formation			A gymnosperm with several morphological features formerly restricted to angiosperms. The type species is P. huangii.
Paraephedra^[154]	Gen. et sp. nov		Trajano et al.	Early Cretaceous	Serra do Tucano Formation			Possibly a member of Ephedrales. Genus includes new species P. amazonensis.
Perplexa^[155]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pfeiler & Tomescu	Devonian	Battery Point Formation			An early euphyllophyte. The type species is P. praestigians.
Petalophyllites^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hoffman & Crandall-Stotler	Paleocene	Paskapoo Formation			A liverwort belonging to the family Petalophyllaceae. The type species is P. speirsiae.
Petrosjania^[157]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Snigirevsky & Lyubarova	Devonian				A plant of uncertain affinities, with features characteristic of different groups of higher plants. The type species is P. salarina.
Phasmatocycas mazongshanensis^[158]	Sp. nov		Li & Du in Li et al.	Early Cretaceous				A relative of Paleozoic primitive Cycadales.
Phoenicopsis (Windwardia) ningxiaensis^[159]	Sp. nov	Valid	He in He et al.	Middle Jurassic	Yanan Formation			A member of Czekanowskiales.
Physcidium	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss belonging to the family Diphysciaceae. The type species is P. tortuosum; genus also includes P. simsimiae.
Polytrichastrum incurvum	Sp. nov	Valid	Hedenäs, Bomfleur & Friis in Bomfleur et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian)	Almargem Formation			A moss, a species of Polytrichastrum.
Pterophyllum beishanensis	Sp. nov		Li & Du in Li et al.	Early Cretaceous	Tuomatan Formation
Psilophyton diakanthon^[160]	Sp nov	in press	Colston, Landaw, & Tomescu	Devonian Emsian	Battery Point Formation			A trimerophytopsid land plant Bimodal spines suggest active levels of defense against herbivores
Qingganninginfructus^[161]	Gen. et sp. nov		Wang & Sun in Han et al.	Middle Jurassic	Yaojie Formation			Possibly an early angiosperm. The type species is Q. formosa.
Rhaphidopteris zhouii^[162]	Sp. nov	In press	Yang	Early Jurassic	Sangonghe Formation			A gymnosperm.
Rochipteris distivena	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris komifolia	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris lutifolia	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris matatifolia	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris penensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris switzifolia	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Rochipteris telefolia	Sp. nov	Valid	Anderson & Anderson	Triassic	Molteno Formation			A member of Ginkgoopsida belonging to the group Petriellales.
Skyttegaardia nagalingumiae^[163]	Sp. nov		Elgorriaga & Atkinson	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Holz Shale			A member of Cycadales belonging to the family Zamiaceae.
Tregiovia^[164]	Gen. et sp. nov		Forte & Kustatscher	Permian (Kungurian)	Tregiovo Formation			A plant of uncertain affinities, with the closest resemblance to the seed fern Auritifolia anomala. The type species is T. furcata.
Tricosta priapiana^[165]	Sp. nov	Valid	Blanco-Moreno et al.	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian)				A moss belonging to the family Tricostaceae.
Xenoxylon kazuoense^[166]	Sp. nov		Xie, Wang, Tian & Uhl in Xie et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation			Fossil wood of a gymnosperm of uncertain affinities.
Xenoxylon shehongense^[167]	Sp. nov		Xie, Wang & Tian in Xie et al.	Late Jurassic	Penglaizhen Formation
Zirabia^[168]	Gen. et comb. nov		Elgorriaga & Atkinson	Early Jurassic	Shemshak Group			A member of Doyleales; a new genus for "Karkenia" cylindrica Schweitzer & Kirchner (1995).

Other plant research

• A study on the evolutionary history of Marchantiopsida, as indicated by data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Flores et al. (2023).^[169]
• Decombeix et al. (2023) document tyloses in Late Devonian Callixylon wood.^[170]
• A study on the anatomy and affinities of Tingia unita, based on data from specimens from the Permian Taiyuan Formation (China), is published by Yang, Wang & Wang (2023), who confirm that T. unita was a progymnosperm belonging to the group Noeggerathiales.^[171]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of cycads, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Coiro et al. (2023).^[172]
• Evidence from nitrogen isotopic measurements from fossilized cycad leaves and ancestral state reconstructions, interpreted as indicating that symbiosis of with N₂-fixing cyanobacteria wasn't ancestral within cycads but rather arose independently in the lineages leading to living cycads during or after the Jurassic, is published by Kipp et al. (2023).^[173]
• Fu et al. (2023) report the presence of ovules enclosed within the ovaries of specimens of Nanjinganthus dendrostyla, and consider their findings to be consistent with the interpretation of Nanjinganthus as an Early Jurassic angiosperm.^[174]

Palynology

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Synonymized taxa	Notes	Images
Acanthodiporites^[175]	Gen. et sp. nov		Parmar et al.	Paleogene				Pollen of a member of the family Arecaceae. Genus includes new species A. spinatus.
Acylomurus silviae	Sp. nov		Perez Loinaze et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Chorrillo Formation			A spore of uncertain affinities.
Ailanthipites diminutus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Ailanthipites feruglioi	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Ailanthipites hexagonalis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Alisporites libyaensis^[176]	Nom. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Permian and Triassic				A replacement name for Alisporites plicatus Kar, Kieser & Jain (1972).
Aratrisporites circularis	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Arecipites botrus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Baculatisporites magnus	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Brevitriletes decorus	Comb. nov	Valid	(Ouyang & Norris)	Triassic				Moved from Anapiculatisporites decorus Ouyang & Norris (1999).
Brevitriletes pamelae	Comb. nov	Valid	(Ottone in Ottone et al.)	Triassic				Moved from Anapiculatisporites pamelae Ottone in Ottone et al. (1992).
Brevitriletes sandrae	Comb. nov	Valid	(Ottone in Ottone et al.)	Triassic				Moved from Anapiculatisporites sandrae Ottone in Ottone et al. (1992).
Carnisporites microspinous	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Casuarinidites foveolatus^[177]	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Classopollis patagonicus^[178]	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Clavapalmaedites clavatus	Sp. nov		Parmar et al.	Paleogene
Clavatriporites	Gen. et 2 sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant. Genus includes new species C. dispersiclavatus and C. spicatus.
Cuneatisporites cacheutensis	Comb. nov	Valid	(Jain)	Triassic	Cacheuta Formation			Moved from Jansoniuspollenites cacheutensis Jain (1968).
Cuneatisporites salujhai	Comb. nov	Valid	(Jain)	Triassic	Cacheuta Formation			Moved from Jansoniuspollenites salujhai Jain (1968).
Echitricolpites serratus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Ericipites verrucatus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Flabellisporites zhaotongensis^[179]	Sp. nov		Sui, McLoughlin & Feng in Sui et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Xuanwei Formation			A spore of a member of Isoetales.
Gemmamonocolpites barmerensis	Sp. nov		Parmar et al.	Paleogene
Gemmamonocolpites chubutensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Grimmipollis^[180]	Gen et sp nov		Huang, Morley, & Hoorn	late Eocene	Yaw Formation	Myanmar		A cupaniean sapindaceous pollen morphotype The type species is G. burmanica
Henrisporites qujingensis^[181]	Sp. nov		Sui, McLoughlin & Feng in Sui et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Xuanwei Formation			A lycopsid megaspore.
Henrisporites yunnanensis	Sp. nov		Sui, McLoughlin & Feng in Sui et al.	Permian (Lopingian)	Xuanwei Formation			A lycopsid megaspore.
Inaperturopollenites fossulatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Krutzschipollis argentinum	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Lagenicula morbelliae^[182]	Sp. nov		Quetglas, Di Pasquo & Macluf	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Toregua Formation
Leschikisporis variabilis	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Liliacidites buitrensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Liliacidites lacunosus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Limatulasporites rugulatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Longapertites crassireticuloides	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Luminidites microreticulatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Lusatisporis choiols	Sp. nov		Perez Loinaze et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Chorrillo Formation			A spore of uncertain affinities.
Nelumbopollenites patagonicus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation			Pollen of a member of the family Nelumbonaceae.
Neoraistrickia stricta	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Nyssapollenites scabratus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Parviprojectus archangelskyi	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Periporopollenites delicatus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Pityosporites thoracatus	Comb. nov	Valid	(Balme)	Triassic				Moved from Pinuspollenites thoracatus Balme (1970).
Podocarpidites rectangularis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Proteacidites baibianae	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Proteacidites mirasolensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Protohaploxypinus bonapartei	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Protohaploxypinus diazii	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez & Zavattieri	Middle Triassic	Quebrada de los Fósiles Formation
Psilabrevitricolporites porolatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Psilatriletes brevilaesuratus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				A spore.
Punctatisporites interfoveolatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				A spore.
Retimonocolpites perforatus	Sp. nov		Parmar et al.	Paleogene
Retimonoporites heterobrochatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Retitrescolpites miriabilis	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Retitricolporites ganganensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Retitricolporites irupensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Retitriporites irregularis	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Rousea robusta	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Rugutricolporites cumulus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Slavicekia^[183]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Heřmanová et al.	Late Cretaceous				Pollen from the Normapolles complex, likely produced by angiosperms belonging to the order Fagales. Genus includes new species S. inaequalis.
Sparganiaceaepollenites annulatus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Spinizonocolpites coloniensis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Spinizonocolpites variabilis	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Symplocoipollenites microechinatus	Sp. nov		De Benedetti et al.	Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary	La Colonia Formation
Syncolporites angusticolpatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Syncolporites rostro	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Tetracolporopollenites torus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene				Pollen of a flowering plant.
Thomasospora	Gen. et comb. nov		Bek et al.	Paleozoic				Spores produced by the lycophyte Thomasites serratus. Genus includes "Lycospora" gigantea Alpern.
Tricolpites brevicolpatus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Tricolpites multiornamentus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene
Tricolporites densus	Sp. nov		Mander, Jaramillo & Oboh-Ikuenobe	Paleogene

Palynological research

• Vajda et al. (2023) interpret Ricciisporites tuberculatus as an aberrant pollen produced by Lepidopteris ottonis plants, and interpret its fossil record as indicative of the competitive success of plants which adopted the asexual reproductive strategy under stressed environmental conditions before and during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event;^[184] their interpretation of Ricciisporites and Cycadopites as produced by the same plant is subsequently contested by Zavialova (2024)^[185] and reaffirmed by Vajda et al. (2024).^[186]
• A study on the vegetation in Central Africa from the middle Aptian to early Albian, as indicated by palynomorphs from the Doseo Basin in the Central African Rift system, is published by Dou et al. (2023), who identify two assemblages of spore and pollen fossils, and interpret the differences between the assemblages as indicative of a vegetation change related to change from relatively arid to humid climate.^[187]
• Malaikanok et al. (2023) describe fossil pollen grains of members of the family Fagaceae from the Oligocene to Miocene Ban Pa Kha Subbasin of the Li Basin (Thailand), and interpret the studied fossils as indicating that, contrary to previous interpretations of the palynological record, tropical Fagaceae-dominated forests existed in northern Thailand at least since the late Paleogene and persisted into the modern vegetation of Thailand.^[188]
• A study on the environmental changes in the Lake Baikal region during the Marine Isotope Stage 3, as indicated by palynological data, is published by Shichi et al. (2023), who find that the dispersal of Homo sapiens into Baikal Siberia coincided with climate changes resulting in warm and humid conditions and vegetation changes.^[189]
• Evidence from the study of Last Interglacial pollen records across Europe, interpreted as indicating that European forests before the arrival of Homo sapiens included substantial open and light woodland elements, is presented by Pearce et al. (2023).^[190]

Research

• A study on the evolution of the phenotypic disparity of plants, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Clark et al. (2023), who find that the morphological distinctiveness of extant plant group is in part the result of extinction of fossil plants with intermediate morphologies, and report evidence of a pattern of episodic sharp increases of morphological diversity throughout the evolutionary history of plants.^[191]
• A study on the evolution of the complexity of vascular plant reproductive structures, indicating that major reproductive innovations were associated with increased integration through greater interactions among component parts, is published by Leslie & Mander (2023).^[192]
• Evidence from mercury concentration and isotopic signatures of marine sedimentary rock samples spanning from the Cambrian to Permian, interpreted as indicating that vascular plants were already widely distributed on land during the Ordovician-Silurian transition, is presented by Yuan et al. (2023).^[193]
• Evidence indicating that the knowledge of the early plant diversity from the latest Silurian–Early Devonian fossil record is at least partly affected by the variation of the rock record is presented by Capel et al. (2023).^[194]
• A study on early land plant diversity patterns across known paleogeographical units (Laurussia, Siberia, Kazakhstania, Gondwana) throughout the Silurian and Devonian periods is published by Capel et al. (2023)^[195]
• A study on the survivorship and migration dynamics of plants from the paleocontinent Angarida during the Frasnian-Tournaisian internal, as indicated by fossil record from the Siberian platform (Russia), is published by Dowding, Akulov & Mashchuk (2023).^[196]
• Barrón et al. (2023) study the floral assemblages from the Cretaceous Maestrazgo Basin (Spain), providing evidence of the existence of conifer woodlands and fern/angiosperm communities thriving in the mid-Cretaceous Iberian Desert System, and report that the studied assemblages can generally be related to others from Europe and North America, but also included plants that were typical for northern Gondwana.^[197]
• A study on the fossil material of plants from the Cenomanian deposits of the Western Desert (Egypt) is published by El Atfy et al. (2023), who report the presence of five main vegetation types, and interpret the studied fossils as indicative of an overall warm and humid climate, punctuated by repeated phases of drier conditions.^[198]
• Moreau & Néraudeau (2023) describe an assemblage of Cenomanian plants from a new paleontological site La Gripperie-Saint-Symphorien (Charente-Maritime, France), which (unlike most of Albian-Cenomanian coastal floras from the Aquitaine Basin) is dominated by angiosperms.^[199]
• A study on the mid-Eocene vegetation in the southern Central Andes, based on spore-pollen record from the Casa Grande Formation (Jujuy, Argentina), is published by Tapia et al. (2023), who interpret their findings as indicative of a plant community with no close analogue in the modern South American vegetation, as well as indicative of subtropical or tropical conditions and frost-free winters.^[200]
• Description of fossil wood from the Brown Sands and Flat Sands localities in the Pliocene Usno Formation (Lower Omo valley, Ethiopia) is published by Jolly-Saad & Bonnefille (2023), who report that the studied assemblages strongly differ from other Miocene and Pliocene wood assemblages from Ethiopia, and interpret them as indicative of a seasonal climate and more humid climatic conditions compared to the present, but also as indicative of instability of climatic and environmental conditions, with significant changes in the composition of the tree cover during the time of existence of Australopithecus afarensis.^[201]
• A study on changes in functional diversity of plants from southeast Australia during the last 12,000 years, inferred from long-term pollen records, is published by Adeleye et al. (2023).^[202]
• The oldest flower and seed fossils of the wind-pollinated besom heaths, Erica sect. Chlorocodon, were found in Madeira Island within a 1.3 million-year-old fossil deposit.^[203]

Notes and References

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41. Kvaček . J. . Mendes . M. M. . Tekleva . M. . 2023 . A new cheirolepidiaceous pollen cone Classostrobus archangelskyi with in situ pollen from the Lower Cretaceous of Figueira da Foz Formation, central-western mainland Portugal . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 104951 . 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104951 .
42. Jin . P. . Zhang . M. . Du . B. . Li . A. . Sun . B. . 2023 . A new species of Pararaucaria from the Lower Cretaceous of Shandong province (Eastern China): Insights into the Evolution of the Cheirolepidiaceae cone . Cretaceous Research . 146 . 105475 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105475 . 2023CrRes.14605475J . 256537440 .
43. Mendes . M. M. . Kvaček . J. . Doyle . J. A. . 2023 . Pseudofrenelopsis dinisii, a new species of the extinct conifer family Cheirolepidiaceae from the probable lower Hauterivian (Cretaceous) of western Portugal . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 315 . 104905 . 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104905 . 2023RPaPa.31504905M . 258536399 .
44. Kvaček . J. . Mendes . M.M. . 2023 . A new species of the cheirolepidiaceous conifer Pseudofrenelopsis from the Lower Cretaceous of Figueira da Foz Formation, Portugal . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 309 . 104821 . 104821 . 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104821.
45. Correia . P. . Pereira . S. . Šimůnek . Z. . Cleal . C. J. . 2023 . Florinanthus bussacensis sp. nov., a new cordaitalean cone from the Upper Pennsylvanian of Portugal . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 316 . 104942 . 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104942 .
46. Bureš . J. . Šimůnek . Z. . Pšenička . J. . Bek . J. . Drábková . J. . Bruthansová . J. . 2023 . Fertile cordaitalean leafy branch with in situ pollen from the volcanic Whetstone Horizon (Radnice Member, early Moscovian, Plzeň Basin, Czech Republic) . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology . 315 . 104903 . 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2023.104903 . 2023RPaPa.31504903B . 258516804 . free .
47. Sokolova . A. B. . Zavialova . N. E. . Moiseeva . M. G. . Kodrul . T. M. . 2024 . The New Genus Amurodendron (Cupressaceae s.l.) from the Paleocene Boguchan Flora of the Amur Region (Russian Far East) . Paleontological Journal . 57 . 10 . 1188–1211 . 10.1134/S0031030123100052 .
48. Guo . L.-Y. . Xiao . L. . Ji . D.-S. . Li . X.-C. . Luo . F. . Guo . J.-F. . Sun . N. . Wang . M.-T. . Ren . W.-X. . 2023 . Juniperus L. (Cupressaceae) from the Miocene of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia: the earliest macrofossil of sect. Sabina in East Asia . Historical Biology . 36 . 10 . 2196–2208 . 10.1080/08912963.2023.2248162 .
49. Rothwell . G. W. . Stockey . R. A. . Smith . S. . 2023 . Evolutionary diversification of taiwanioid conifers illuminated by a new species from the Upper Cretaceous of Alaska . International Journal of Plant Sciences . 184 . 8 . 628–639 . 10.1086/726082 .
50. Wheeler . E. A. . Manchester . S. R. . Baas . P. . A late Eocene wood assemblage from the Crooked River Basin, Oregon, USA . 2023 . PaleoBios . 40 . 14 . 1–55 . 10.5070/P9401462457 . free .
51. Zhu . Y. . Li . Y. . Tian . N. . Wang . Y. . Xie . A. . Zhang . L. . An . P. . Wu . Z. . A new species of Keteleeria (Pinaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, and its palaeogeographic and palaeoclimatic implications . 2023 . Cretaceous Research . 156 . 105805 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105805 .
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