| Country: | Luxembourg |
| Previous Election: | 2018 |
| Next Election: | Next |
| Seats For Election: | All 60 seats in the Chamber of Deputies |
| Majority Seats: | 31 |
| Election Date: | 8 October 2023 |
| Turnout: | 87.20% (2.46pp) |
| Leader1: | Luc Frieden |
| Party1: | Christian Social People's Party |
| Last Election1: | 21 |
| Percentage1: | 29.22 |
| Seats1: | 21 |
| Leader2: | Paulette Lenert |
| Party2: | Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party |
| Last Election2: | 10 |
| Seats2: | 11 |
| Percentage2: | 18.92 |
| Leader3: | Xavier Bettel |
| Last Election3: | 12 |
| Seats3: | 14 |
| Percentage3: | 18.70 |
| Leader4: | Fred Keup |
| Party4: | Alternative Democratic Reform Party |
| Last Election4: | 4 |
| Seats4: | 5 |
| Percentage4: | 9.27 |
| Leader5: | Sam Tanson |
| Last Election5: | 9 |
| Seats5: | 4 |
| Percentage5: | 8.55 |
| Leader6: | Sven Clement |
| Party6: | Pirate Party |
| Last Election6: | 2 |
| Seats6: | 3 |
| Percentage6: | 6.74 |
| Leader7: | David Wagner |
| Party7: | The Left |
| Last Election7: | 2 |
| Seats7: | 2 |
| Percentage7: | 3.93 |
| Map: | 2023 Luxembourg election map.svg |
| Prime Minister | |
| Before Election: | Xavier Bettel |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (Luxembourg) |
| After Election: | Luc Frieden |
| After Party: | Christian Social People's Party |
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies.[1] [2] [3]
The incumbent Bettel II Government was a coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens.
The 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in four multi-member constituencies; nine in North constituency, seven in East, 23 in South and 21 in Centre. Voters can vote for a party list or cast multiple votes for as many candidates as there are seats. Seat allocation is calculated in accordance with the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.[4]
Only Luxembourgish citizens may vote in general elections. A proposal to extend voting rights to foreigners who have lived in Luxembourg for at least ten years and have previously voted in a European or local election in Luxembourg, was rejected in a 2015 referendum. Voting is mandatory for eligible Luxembourg citizens who live in Luxembourg and are under 75 years of age.[5] Luxembourg citizens who live abroad may vote by post at the commune in which they most recently lived in Luxembourg.[6] Luxembourg citizens who were born in Luxembourg but have never lived there may vote by post at the commune in which they were born. Luxembourg citizens who were not born in Luxembourg and have never lived there may vote by post at the commune of Luxembourg City.
| List No. | Name | Abbr. | Lead candidate | Ideology | Political position | Last election | Notes[7] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | Seats | |||||||||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 1 | bgcolor= | Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party | LSAP | Paulette Lenert[8] | Social democracy | Centre-left | 17.60 | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 2 | bgcolor= | Democratic Party | DP | Xavier Bettel | Liberalism | Centre to centre-right | 16.91 | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 3 | bgcolor= | The Greens | DG | Sam Tanson | Green politics | Centre-left | 15.12 | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 4 | bgcolor= | Christian Social People's Party | CSV | Luc Frieden[9] | 28.31 | ||||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 5 | bgcolor= | The Left | DL | David Wagner | 5.48 | ||||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 6 | bgcolor= | Alternative Democratic Reform Party | ADR | Fred Keup | 8.28 | ||||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 7 | bgcolor= | Pirate Party Luxembourg | PPLU | Sven Clement | Pirate politics | 6.45 | |||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 9[10] | bgcolor= | Focus | FOK | Frank Engel[11] | Pragmatism | Centre | New | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 10 | bgcolor= | Volt Luxembourg | VOLT | None[12] | European federalism | Centre to centre-left | New | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 11 | bgcolor= | Communist Party of Luxembourg | KPL | Ali Ruckert | Communism | Far-left | 1.27 | ||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 12 | bgcolor=black | LF | Roy Reding | Right-wing populism | New | ||||||
| align=center style="font-size:120%" | 13 | bgcolor= | The Conservatives | DK | Joe Thein | Conservatism | 0.27 | |||||
| Fieldwork date | Polling firm | width=50px | CSV | LSAP | DP | width=50px | DG | width=50px | ADR | width=50px | PPLU | width=50px | DL | width=50px | KPL | width=50px | Dem. | width=50px | DK | width=50px | Volt | width=50px | Fokus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | |||||||||||||||
| 8 Oct 2023 | Election | 29.22% | 18.92% | 18.70% | 8.55% | 9.27% | 6.74% | 3.93% | 0.64% | – | 0.23% | 0.19% | 2.49% | ||||||||||
| 7–16 Aug 2023 | ILRES | 28.3% | 19.8% | 17.4% | 10.7% | 6.9% | 9.9% | 5% | 0.4% | – | 0.1% | 0.3% | 1.1% | ||||||||||
| 11 Jun 2023 | Municipal elections [13] [14] | 26.06% | 21.30% | 20.64% | 12.69% | 3.22% | 3.98% | 3.22% | 0.40% | – | 0.18% | – | 0.84% | ||||||||||
| 23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023 | TNS | 27.1% | 17.9% | 17.1% | 12.8% | 7.5% | 10.0% | 4.3% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.4% | 2.0% | ||||||||||
| 14−28 Nov 2022 | TNS | 23.3% | 20.7% | 18.4% | 12.1% | 7.7% | 9.6% | 5.8% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 1.5% | ||||||||||
| 24 May − 7 Jun 2022 | TNS | 23.0% | 18.0% | 18.1% | 13.7% | 7.6% | 9.7% | 5.6% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.5% | 2.9% | ||||||||||
| 11−19 Nov 2021 | TNS | 21.6% | 20.2% | 16.2% | 12.4% | 11.3% | 11.1% | 5.0% | 0.8% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 0.3% | – | ||||||||||
| 9−21 Jun 2021 | TNS | 24.6% | 17.8% | 19.3% | 13.4% | 7.6% | 8.0% | 7.0% | 1.0% | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.5% | – | ||||||||||
| 10–24 Nov 2020 | TNS | 25.7% | 19.8% | 19.9% | 11.5% | 9.6% | 5.9% | 5.8% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.3% | 0.1% | – | ||||||||||
| 4–24 Jun 2020 | TNS | 27.5% | 16.4% | 20.6% | 13.4% | 8.2% | 4.8% | 7.3% | 1.1% | 0.3% | 0.2% | – | – | ||||||||||
| 14–23 Nov 2019 | TNS | 30.1% | 15.0% | 16.6% | 15.9% | 10.4% | 5.4% | 5.5% | 0.8% | 0.1% | 0.2% | – | – | ||||||||||
| 14 Oct 2018 | Election [15] | 28.31% | 17.60% | 16.91% | 15.12% | 8.28% | 6.45% | 5.48% | 1.27% | 0.29% | 0.27% | – | – |
| Fieldwork date | Polling firm | width=50px | CSV | width=50px | DP | width=50px | LSAP | width=50px | DG | width=50px | ADR | width=50px | PPLU | width=50px | DL | width=30px rowspan="2" | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | bgcolor= | |||||||||||
| 8 Oct 2023 | Election | 21 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 2 | |||||||||
| 7–16 Aug 2023 | ILRES | 19 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | |||||||||
| 23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023 | TNS | 17 | 11 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
| 14−28 Nov 2022 | TNS | 15 | 12 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
| 24 May − 7 Jun 2022 | TNS | 16 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 4 | 6 | 2 | |||||||||
| 11−19 Nov 2021 | TNS | 15 | 9 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 2 | |||||||||
| 9−21 Jun 2021 | TNS | 17 | 13 | 11 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |||||||||
| 10–24 Nov 2020 | TNS | 17 | 14 | 12 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| 4–24 Jun 2020 | TNS | 19 | 15 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||
| 14–23 Dec 2019 | TNS | 20 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| 14 Oct 2018 | Election [16] | 21 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
On 9 October 2023 Grand Duke Henri appointed Luc Frieden as government formateur with the intention that Frieden would become the next Prime Minister. The CSV leader began negotiations with outgoing Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and his DP. Bettel expressed his willingness to participate in government, though not as Prime Minister.[17]
On 13 November Frieden announced a coalition agreement between the CSV and DP. Bettel led the DP's delegation to coalition negotiations, while the CSV delegation was led by party president Claude Wiseler.[18] Frieden stated that he expected to take office by the end of the week following the announcement.[19] The new cabinet was sworn in by the Grand Duke and Frieden assumed the office of Prime Minister on 17 November.[20] The LSAP sat in opposition for the first time since the 1999 election.