2023 Formula One World Championship Explained

The 2023 FIA Formula One World Championship was a motor racing championship for Formula One cars, which was the 74th running of the Formula One World Championship. It was recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), the governing body of international motorsport, as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. The championship was contested over twenty-two, which were held around the world. It began in March and ended in November.^[1]

Drivers and teams competed for the titles of World Drivers' Champion and World Constructors' Champion respectively. The season was dominated by defending champion Max Verstappen, who cruised to his third consecutive Drivers' Championship title at the Qatar Grand Prix, winning a record 19 out of 22 Grands Prix held and finishing on the podium 21 times (also a record number for most podiums in a season) by the end of the championship.^[2] His team, Red Bull Racing achieved their sixth Constructors' Championship title, the second consecutively, at the preceding Japanese Grand Prix.^[3] Red Bull Racing won 21 out of 22 Grands Prix, breaking the team record for highest percentage of Grand Prix wins in a season at 95.45%,^[4] beating McLaren's 1988 season. Verstappen also broke the record for the highest Grand Prix win percentage for drivers, with a win rate percentage of 86.36%, beating the previous record set by Alberto Ascari in 1952.^[5]

Entries

The following constructors and drivers were under contract to compete in the 2023 World Championship.^[6] All teams compete with tyres supplied by Pirelli.^[7] Each team is required to enter at least two drivers, one for each of the two mandatory cars.^[8]

Entrant!scope="col" rowspan="2" nowrap

Constructor	Chassis	Power unit	Race drivers
No.			Driver name	Rounds
data-sort-value="Alfa Romeo"	Alfa Romeo F1 Team Stake	nowrap	Alfa Romeo-Ferrari	C43^[9]	Ferrari 066/10	24 77	Zhou Guanyu Valtteri Bottas	All All
data-sort-value="AlphaTauri"	Scuderia AlphaTauri	nowrap	AlphaTauri-Honda RBPT	AT04^[10]	Honda RBPTH001	21 3 40 22	Nyck de Vries Daniel Ricciardo Liam Lawson Yuki Tsunoda	1–10 11–13, 18–22 13–17 All
data-sort-value="Alpine"	BWT Alpine F1 Team	Alpine-Renault	A523^[11]	E-Tech RE23	10 31	Nowrap	Pierre Gasly Esteban Ocon	All All
nowrap data-sort-value="Aston Martin"	Aston Martin Aramco Cognizant F1 Team		AMR23^[12]		14 18	Fernando Alonso Lance Stroll	All All
data-sort-value="Ferrari"	Scuderia Ferrari	Ferrari	SF-23^[13]	Ferrari 066/10^[14]	16 55	Charles Leclerc Carlos Sainz Jr.	All All
data-sort-value="Haas"	MoneyGram Haas F1 Team	Haas-Ferrari	VF-23^[15]	Ferrari 066/10	20 27	nowrap	Kevin Magnussen Nico Hülkenberg	All All
McLaren F1 Team	McLaren-Mercedes	MCL60^[16]	Mercedes-AMG F1 M14^[17]	4 81	Lando Norris Oscar Piastri	All All
data-sort-value="Mercedes"		Mercedes	^[18]	Mercedes-AMG F1 M14	44 63	Lewis Hamilton George Russell	All All
data-sort-value="Red Bull Racing"	Oracle Red Bull Racing	-Honda RBPT	RB19^[19]	nowrap	Honda RBPTH001^[20]	1 11	Max Verstappen Sergio Pérez	All All
data-sort-value="Williams"	Williams Racing	Williams-Mercedes	FW45^[21]	^[22]	2 23	Logan Sargeant	All All
Sources:^[23] ^[24]

Free practice drivers

Across the season, each team had to field a driver in one of the first two free practice sessions who had not competed in more than two races, on two occasions, once for each car.^[25] The appearances of Oscar Piastri, Logan Sargeant and Nyck de Vries for their debuts at the Bahrain Grand Prix each counted as one of the mandatory sessions for McLaren-Mercedes, Williams-Mercedes and AlphaTauri-Honda RBPT, respectively.^[26] Liam Lawson's debut at the Dutch Grand Prix did not count, as Nyck de Vries had already taken the mandatory free practice slot for that car.^[27]

Constructor!scope="col"

No.	Driver	Rounds
nowrap	Alfa Romeo-Ferrari	98	Théo Pourchaire	19, 22
nowrap	AlphaTauri-Honda RBPT	41	Isack Hadjar	19
Alpine-Renault	61	Jack Doohan	19, 22
nowrap	Aston Martin Aramco-Mercedes	34	Felipe Drugovich	14, 22
Ferrari	39		13, 22
Haas-Ferrari	50		19, 22
McLaren-Mercedes	29	Patricio O'Ward	22
Mercedes	42	Frederik Vesti	19, 22
	36 37	Jake Dennis Isack Hadjar	22 22
Williams-Mercedes	45	Zak O'Sullivan	22
Source:

Team changes

Honda returned as a named engine supplier to Red Bull Racing and AlphaTauri, with both teams' engines badged as Honda RBPT.^[28] While Red Bull Powertrains had planned to take over assembly and maintenance of the engines from this season onward,^[29] it was later agreed that Honda would continue its technical support of Red Bull Racing and AlphaTauri until the end of 2025.^[30]

Driver changes

Sebastian Vettel retired at the end of the 2022 championship, ending his Formula One career after 16 seasons.^[31] His place at Aston Martin was taken by Fernando Alonso, who left Alpine after two seasons.^[32] His replacement was initially announced as the 2021 Formula 2 Champion and reserve driver, Oscar Piastri.^[33] Shortly after the announcement, Piastri stated that he had not signed a contract for 2023 and that he would not be driving for Alpine.^[34] The FIA Contract Recognition Board ruled that he did not have any contractual obligations to race for Alpine.^[35] Pierre Gasly, who had a contract to drive for AlphaTauri, moved to Alpine, replacing Alonso.^[36] Gasly was replaced by the 2020–21 Formula E and 2019 Formula 2 Champion Nyck de Vries.^[37]

Daniel Ricciardo left McLaren after two seasons. Although he had a contract to drive for the team in 2023, it was terminated during the 2022 championship by mutual agreement.^[38] Ricciardo's seat was filled by Piastri, who made his Formula One debut.^[39] Nicholas Latifi left Williams after spending three seasons with the team.^[40] His seat was filled by Logan Sargeant, who made his Formula One debut by graduating from Formula 2 and became the first American Formula One driver to compete since Alexander Rossi in with former team Marussia and the first to compete full-time since Scott Speed in with former team Toro Rosso.^[41] Mick Schumacher left Haas after two seasons.^[42] His seat was taken by Nico Hülkenberg, who last competed in Formula One as a full-time race driver in with former team Renault.^[43]

Mid-season changes

Nyck de Vries was relieved of his driving duties for AlphaTauri after underperforming in the first ten races of his rookie season.^{[44] [45]} His seat was filled by Daniel Ricciardo starting from the Hungarian Grand Prix. Ricciardo had raced with the team, which at the time was called Toro Rosso, in the and seasons.^[46] However, during the Dutch Grand Prix, only his third race of the season, Ricciardo broke a metacarpal bone in his left hand in a crash during the second practice session. As a result, Red Bull Racing and AlphaTauri's reserve driver Liam Lawson made his Formula One debut at the race.^[47] Lawson continued to substitute in for Ricciardo at the Italian, Singapore, Japanese and Qatar Grands Prix. Ricciardo returned for the United States Grand Prix.^{[48] [49]}

Calendar

The 2023 calendar comprised twenty-two Grands Prix. The Azerbaijan, Austrian, Belgian, Qatar, United States and São Paulo Grands Prix featured the sprint format.^[50]

data-sort-type="number"	Round	Grand Prix	Circuit	Race date
1	Bahrain Grand Prix	Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir	5 March
2	nowrap	Saudi Arabian Grand Prix	Jeddah Corniche Circuit, Jeddah	19 March
3	Australian Grand Prix	Albert Park Circuit, Melbourne	2 April
4	Azerbaijan Grand Prix	Baku City Circuit, Baku	30 April
5	Miami Grand Prix		7 May
6	Monaco Grand Prix	Circuit de Monaco, Monaco	28 May
7	Spanish Grand Prix	Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Montmeló	4 June
8	Canadian Grand Prix	Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal	18 June
9	Austrian Grand Prix	Red Bull Ring, Spielberg	2 July
10	British Grand Prix	Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone	9 July
11	Hungarian Grand Prix	Hungaroring, Mogyoród	23 July
12	Belgian Grand Prix	Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot	30 July
13	Dutch Grand Prix	Circuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort	27 August
14	Italian Grand Prix	Monza Circuit, Monza	3 September
15	Singapore Grand Prix	Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore
16	Japanese Grand Prix	Suzuka International Racing Course, Suzuka	24 September
17	Qatar Grand Prix	Lusail International Circuit, Lusail	8 October
18	United States Grand Prix	Circuit of the Americas, Austin, Texas	22 October
19	Mexico City Grand Prix	Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, Mexico City	29 October
20	São Paulo Grand Prix	Interlagos Circuit, São Paulo	5 November
21	Las Vegas Grand Prix	Las Vegas Strip Circuit, Paradise, Nevada
22	Abu Dhabi Grand Prix	Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi	26 November
Sources:

Calendar expansion and changes

The Qatar Grand Prix returned to the calendar after last being held in . The Grand Prix was initially planned to be moved to a new purpose-built circuit, but was instead retained at Lusail International Circuit, similarly to the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, which was kept at Jeddah Corniche Circuit.^{[51] [52] [1]} The Las Vegas Grand Prix made its debut, with the race held in November on a new street track across the Las Vegas Strip. The last Grand Prix held in Las Vegas was the 1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix. Three races were held in the United States in the same season for the first time since .^{[53] [54]}

The Russian Grand Prix was under contract to feature on the 2023 calendar. It was originally meant to switch its venue from the Sochi Autodrom to Igora Drive, in Novozhilovo, located about from Saint Petersburg.^[55] However, the contract was terminated in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.^[56] The French Grand Prix did not feature on the 2023 calendar, although the promoters of the Grand Prix stated that they would aim for a rotational race deal by sharing its slot with other Grands Prix.^[57] The Chinese Grand Prix was initially due to be part of the calendar after last being held in, but it was cancelled for the fourth consecutive year due to the ongoing difficulties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.^[58] It was not replaced.^[59] The Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, which was scheduled to take place on 21 May as the sixth round of the championship, was cancelled on 17 May due to flooding in the area.^[60]

Regulation changes

Technical regulations

Reducing porpoising

Following large amounts of porpoising during, the FIA introduced changes to the regulations to limit excessive porpoising. Floor edges were to be raised by and the throat of the diffuser was also to be raised by . The diffuser edge stiffness was increased and an additional sensor was mandated to monitor the porpoising phenomenon more effectively.^[61] Lateral floor deflection tests also became more stringent.^[62]

Roll hoop design

Following Zhou Guanyu's crash at the 2022 British Grand Prix, a rounded top was now required on the roll hoop, which reduced the chance of it digging into the ground during an accident. Additionally, a change was made to ensure a minimum height for the point of application of the homologation test, and a new physical homologation test was introduced where the load pushes the roll hoop in the forward direction, in addition to the pre-existing tests in three other directions.^{[61] [63]}

Mirror size

The size of the side-mirrors was increased from to in an effort to improve rear visibility.^{[64] [65]}

Weight and fuel temperature

The allowed weight of cars was set to be decreased from to . However, this plan was abandoned, mainly due to the introduction of heavier Pirelli tyres.^[66] The allowed weight of power units was increased from to . The minimum fuel temperature has been changed to, down from in 2022, or below ambient temperature when cars are operating outside designated garage areas.^{[67] [68]}

Slot gap separators on front wing

The FIA initially altered the wording of the aerodynamic regulations after Mercedes produced a front wing that exploited a potential loop-hole in the regulations. Mercedes introduced slot gap separators on their front wings at the 2022 United States Grand Prix, although they did not intend to run them at the event. Rival teams argued that the new front wing was illegal, while Mercedes argued that the regulations allowed slot-gap separators as they were "primarily" there for "mechanical, structural or measurement reasons", and therefore any secondary aerodynamic benefit would be allowed. The FIA ruled that the brackets were illegal at the following 2022 Mexico City Grand Prix. The wording of the regulation was altered so that the slot gap separator brackets must perform a structural role, and the sentence explaining that the primary purpose can not be aerodynamic has been removed. This rule change was intended to outlaw slot gap separators.^[69] It had the opposite effect, legalising slot gap separators which provide structural support; what aerodynamic benefit they provide no longer bears on their legality. Ferrari launched their car, the SF-23 with the slot gap separators.^[70]

Sporting regulations

With the intention of making tyre usage more sustainable in the future, Formula One trialed a reduction in allocated tyre sets from 13 to 11 at the Hungarian and Italian Grands Prix. It was due to be trialed at the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix before its cancellation. During qualifying for these races, teams were required to use hard tyres in Q1, mediums in Q2 and softs in Q3. Teams are usually free to choose the tyre compound that they run during qualifying.^[71]

Pirelli announced a change to the available tyre compounds for 2023, as a new compound was inserted between the old C1 and C2 compounds. This change provided teams with more flexible strategy options after criticism towards the original C1 compound for a large drop in grip compared to the other tyres.^[72] Additionally, following criticism over the raceability of its full wet tyre in previous seasons, Pirelli has produced a new full wet tyre in the hope of reducing the need for safety car and red flags in wet race conditions. The new full wet tyre debuted at the Monaco Grand Prix. The sport also aimed to trial wet weather-specific bodywork designed to improve visibility and reduce spray during 2023 with the aim of fully introducing it by the start of the 2024 championship at latest.^{[73] [74]}

There were only three days of pre-season testing, a reduction from 2022 when there were six days. During the F1 Commission held in February 2023 it was decided to relax the restrictions on team radio communications.^[75]

Sprint events

The sprint format was held at six Grands Prix in 2023, compared to three in and .^[76] During sprint weekends, teams are given a broader choice of parts that they are permitted to change under parc fermé conditions.^[77]

A new weekend format for sprint events (as compared to that used in 2021 and 2022) consisted of a single practice session on Friday, followed by the qualifying session which determined the grid for the Sunday's Grand Prix. On Saturday, a new qualifying session called "sprint shootout", in place of the old second practice session, was run, determining the grid for the sprint. The Grand Prix took place on Sunday. The new sprint shootout qualifying was shorter than traditional qualifying: SQ1 was 12 minutes, SQ2 was 10 minutes, and SQ3 was 8 minutes long. New tyres were mandatory for each phase, with a single set of mediums for each of SQ1 and SQ2, and a single set of softs for SQ3.^[78]

The tyre rules for sprint shootout were modified for the second sprint weekend of the season at the Austrian Grand Prix, enabling drivers and teams who made it through to SQ3 (the third segment of the sprint shootout) to use any set of soft tyres, whereas they were previously required to use a new set of soft tyres. The change was made after Lando Norris could not run in SQ3 at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix due to exhausting his allocation of soft tyres.^[79]

Points awarded for shortened races

The 2022 sporting regulations only specified that races ended early by a red flag used a points system that gradually increased points awarded based on the completed race distance. This caused confusion at the 2022 Japanese Grand Prix, where full points were awarded despite less than 75% of the scheduled distance being completed, as the race ended under green flag conditions. The wording of the regulation has now been amended: all races where less than 75% of the race distance is completed will use the sliding scale system to determine the points awarded, regardless of whether they finish under red or green flag conditions. This rule change satisfied the original intention of the gradual scale points system when it was introduced in 2022.^[80]

Restrictions on political gestures

The FIA's International Sporting Code (ISC) was updated to include stricter controls on drivers and teams making "political, religious and personal statements". Article 12.2.1n was introduced stating that drivers and teams must receive the FIA's permission before conducting a political statement or protest and that any protest without permission would be considered a breach of the FIA's neutrality rules.^{[81] [82]} The FIA stated the update to the ISC was done to move it in line with the ethical principles of political neutrality laid out by the International Olympic Committee, which gave formal recognition to the FIA in 2013 through the Olympic Charter.^[83] FIA President Mohammed Ben Sulayem stated that the rule change was made to ensure that the FIA's platform was not used to help fulfil drivers' "private personal agenda".^[84]

Following concerns from drivers and teams on how these rules would affect freedom of expression and the ability of drivers and their teams to express views about what they believe to be a worthwhile cause, the FIA clarified in February 2023 that drivers would be prohibited on making political or religious statement on the following: politically sensitive persons living or dead, military or political conflicts, separatist movements, national governments, any statements referencing a key religious figure or any statement that could be deemed offensive to the religious beliefs of the hosting country. Stewards at each Grand Prix meeting will be required to adjudge whether a driver has breached FIA neutrality rules on a case-by-case basis. Drivers remain free to share their opinions regarding political or religious topics without facing potential sanctions on their personal social media platforms or in an official FIA press conference providing it is in response to a media question or outside of a race weekend. Any driver looking for a special exemption from the FIA to make a statement that may contravene the neutrality rules must notify the FIA four weeks in advance of an event.^[85]

Relaxation of COVID-19 protocols

The FIA took further steps to relax COVID-19 safety protocols that were first introduced in . This relaxation of restrictions included the removal of the need for proof of vaccination for those working in the paddock. The FIA previously dropped the requirements for mandatory face masking and COVID-testing in .^[86]

Financial regulations

The budget cap was reduced to . It was originally set at in before being increased to to account for inflation. It was initially agreed by the F1 Commission to increase the cost cap by to account for additional costs caused by the increased number of races. The commission subsequently agreed to adjust to the level of future cost cap increases to per race when a calendar is over twenty-one races to account for the greater costs of flyaway races compared to European races. Teams also agreed to give the FIA easier access to factories when cost cap audits are being carried out in order to more easily ensure that teams adhere to the cost cap. A winter shutdown of factories was introduced alongside the existing summer shutdown.^[87]

"Special project" divisions

Teams such as Mercedes, Red Bull Racing, and Aston Martin operated "applied technology" divisions which design for and consult on projects outside of Formula One. Since these projects were not related to the teams' Formula One operations, their expenditure fell outside of the cost cap regulations. Between the Canadian and Austrian Grands Prix, the FIA introduced a technical directive that prevented teams from transferring intellectual property from their "special project" divisions to their Formula One operations cost-free, closing a loophole.^[88]

Season summary

Pre-season

There was one pre-season test, at the Bahrain International Circuit in Sakhir on 23–25 February.^[1] Aston Martin driver Lance Stroll missed the test after suffering a "minor" cycling accident during training.^[89] He was replaced by reserve driver Felipe Drugovich.^[90]

Opening rounds

Red Bull Racing locked out the front row for the season opening Bahrain Grand Prix, with the two Ferraris on the second row. The much-improved Aston Martin of Fernando Alonso started in fifth.^[91] Max Verstappen led nearly all the race comfortably, winning by eleven seconds ahead of his teammate Sergio Pérez. Charles Leclerc retired with a mechanical failure from third, with Alonso taking this spot, after a late race overtake on Carlos Sainz Jr. Lewis Hamilton finished fifth. Lance Stroll, still racing with a broken wrist and toe, finished sixth, ahead of the Mercedes of George Russell.^[92]

At the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix, Pérez took pole position in qualifying. Pérez lost first position on the first lap to Alonso, but regained it on lap four. Verstappen, starting fifteenth on the grid, reached second by lap 25, and remained there for the rest of the race. Verstappen also recorded the fastest lap. Alonso rounded out the podium finishing third, with the Mercedes duo of Russell and Hamilton finishing in fourth and fifth respectively.^[93]

At the Australian Grand Prix, Verstappen took pole position with Pérez starting from the pit lane. At the start of the race, Verstappen was overtaken by Russell and Hamilton. He regained the lead by lap 12 and led the race comfortably, as Russell retired on lap 18 due to a mechanical issue. Verstappen won the race, followed by Hamilton and then Alonso, with Pérez clocking the fastest lap. The Grand Prix broke the record for most red flags, with three.^[94]

The Azerbaijan Grand Prix saw the season's first sprint event. Leclerc secured pole position ahead of Verstappen and Pérez respectively.^[95] Additionally, Leclerc managed to secure pole position for the sprint with Pérez second and Verstappen third, despite Leclerc locking up and crashing out in turn 5 on his last lap.^[96] Leclerc got a good start off the line to take the lead of the sprint until Pérez passed Leclerc on the main straight courtesy of the DRS; Pérez kept the lead until the end of the sprint. Verstappen finished in third; Russell fourth.^[97] In the Grand Prix, polesitter Leclerc led the race until lap four. The DRS was enabled on lap three, with Verstappen utilising it to pass Leclerc into the first corner on the following lap. Pérez repeated the same move on lap six to take second place. As lap ten concluded, Verstappen went into the pit lane to switch tyres and lost the effective lead of the race, as the safety car came out. Pérez, Verstappen and Leclerc were the top three drivers for the rest of the race as Pérez took his second Azerbaijan Grand Prix victory. This was Leclerc and Ferrari's first podium finish of the season.^[98]

At the Miami Grand Prix, Pérez secured pole position ahead of Alonso and Sainz; Verstappen started ninth after he was unable to set a time, compounded by Leclerc crashing out during the final stages of qualifying and bringing out a red flag. Haas' Kevin Magnussen was able to secure fourth position.^[99] Verstappen made up several positions during the race and secured his second Miami Grand Prix victory ahead of Pérez and Alonso.^[100]

Verstappen secured pole position at the Monaco Grand Prix, ahead of Alonso, Leclerc and Alpine's Esteban Ocon who were all on provisional pole at some point during Q3. Leclerc was penalised with a three-place grid penalty after impeding McLaren's Lando Norris in qualifying. Perez crashed in the first part of qualifying, and subsequently started 20th after failing to set a lap time.^[101] The race was dry to start with rain later leading to the first runners to switch to the intermediate tyres on lap 51.^[102] Verstappen secured his second Monaco Grand Prix victory, with Alonso finishing second, his best result of the season. Ocon scored his first podium since winning the 2021 Hungarian Grand Prix.^[103]

Verstappen secured pole position at the Spanish Grand Prix, ahead of Sainz and Norris. Leclerc struggled in qualifying, only managing to qualify 19th, and started from the pit lane after the team elected to make changes to his set-up. Pérez also struggled in qualifying, qualifying 11th.^[104] Verstappen cruised to a fifth victory of the season.^[105] He led every lap and took the fastest lap of the race. Hamilton finished second ahead of teammate Russell in third, who took his first podium of the season, despite starting 12th. The double podium for the team moved Mercedes to second in the constructors' championship, above Aston Martin.^[106]

Mid-season rounds

At the Canadian Grand Prix, Verstappen continued to dominate, securing pole position in rainy conditions ahead of the Haas of Nico Hülkenberg – Haas's second-highest qualifying position following Magnussen's pole position at the 2022 São Paulo Grand Prix; Hülkenberg was demoted to fifth following a penalty. Alonso achieved third; Verstappen's teammate Pérez continued to struggle during qualification, getting knocked out in the second segment of qualifying in twelfth position. Verstappen went on to win Red Bull Racing's 100th victory in Formula One ahead of Alonso and Hamilton.^[107] Verstappen's 41st victory moved him to joint 5th on the all-time list, tied with Ayrton Senna.^[108]

Verstappen also took pole at the Austrian Grand Prix, both for Sunday's Grand Prix and for Saturday's sprint. Verstappen fought with teammate Pérez on the opening lap of the sprint, with Pérez appearing to push Verstappen onto the grass on the run up to turn 3. Verstappen retained the lead though, and led every lap to take victory.^[109] In the race, Verstappen led away from Leclerc and Sainz. Leclerc would briefly lead the race after opting to pit under a virtual safety car, whilst Verstappen did not. Leclerc became the first driver since Pérez at the Miami Grand Prix to lead a lap other than Verstappen, who quickly passed Leclerc to regain the lead. Verstappen took his fifth consecutive victory ahead of Leclerc, who scored his best finish of the season, and Pérez, who recovered from starting 15th.^[110] A number of drivers fell foul of track limits penalties over the weekend, with 47 lap times being deleted in qualifying alone. During the race, the FIA reported that there were "well over 1,200 instances where a car was reported as potentially leaving the track", and a number of drivers were given time penalties for multiple breaches.^[111]

The British Grand Prix saw an improvement from McLaren, who brought car updates to the event, as Lando Norris and Oscar Piastri qualified in second and third, respectively. Verstappen took his fifth consecutive pole position, whilst Pérez qualified 16th, failing to make it into the final part of qualifying for the fifth consecutive race.^[112] Norris made the most of a good start and overtook Verstappen into the first corner. Verstappen re-passed Norris on lap 5 and held on to take his sixth consecutive Grand Prix victory, whilst Norris recorded his best finish of the season finishing second. Hamilton made the most of a safety car to jump Piastri and finish in third place, a record-extending 14th at one venue.^[113] The race saw Red Bull Racing equal McLaren's record for the most consecutive victories with eleven.^[114]

Hamilton took pole position at the Hungarian Grand Prix, his first since the 2021 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix. It marked his ninth pole position in Hungary, a record for most poles at a single circuit.^[115] Hamilton lost out at the start to Verstappen, and was passed by the two McLarens. He managed to repass Piastri late in the race and finished fourth. Verstappen won to become the fifth driver to win seven races consecutively. Norris continued McLaren's resurgence, and took second. Pérez finished third, having started ninth. Verstappen's win also meant that Red Bull Racing set a new record for most consecutive victories for a constructor with twelve.^[116]

The Belgian Grand Prix saw the return of the sprint format, with Verstappen being the fastest qualifier for both the Grand Prix and sprint race. He was given a five-place grid penalty for the Grand Prix for exceeding the allocated number of gearboxes, so Leclerc was promoted to pole. In the sprint, Verstappen took the victory after passing Piastri, who came home second. Alpine's Pierre Gasly finished third.^[117] In the race, Pérez took the lead off Leclerc on lap 1. Verstappen took the lead of the race on lap 17, passing Pérez on the Kemmel straight. Verstappen then strolled to his eighth consecutive Grand Prix victory, ahead of teammate Pérez and Leclerc.^[118]

At the Dutch Grand Prix, Daniel Ricciardo suffered a broken metacarpal bone in a crash while trying to avoid the McLaren of Piastri who had crashed ahead of him. As a result, Ricciardo withdrew from the weekend, being replaced by Red Bull Junior Team driver Liam Lawson.^[119] Verstappen took pole for the third year running in Zandvoort, with Norris in second and Russell in third. Rain fell on the first lap, which saw drivers pit for inters in the early stages. As a result of the early change in tyres, Pérez led by lap 5, from the Alfa Romeo of Zhou Guanyu and Gasly. Verstappen undercut Pérez on the change back to dry-weather tyres on lap 13. From there, he kept the lead for the rest of the race. More rain fell in the closing stages, with multiple drivers being caught out by the tricky conditions at turn 1. Pérez went off, glancing the barrier and losing second place to Alonso. Zhou aquaplaned and crashed heavily into the barrier at turn 1, which brought out the red flag. At the restart, Norris and Russell collided, with the latter suffering a puncture. Verstappen led home Alonso, to equal Sebastian Vettel's record of nine consecutive race victories. Gasly took his first podium since the 2021 Azerbaijan Grand Prix after Pérez was given a five-second time penalty for speeding in the pit lane. Lawson finished 13th on debut, ahead of teammate Tsunoda, who was penalised due to a collision with George Russell.^[120]

At the Italian Grand Prix, polesitter Carlos Sainz Jr. mounted a successful defense against a charging Max Verstappen for the lead, before making a mistake on lap 15, allowing Verstappen into the lead. Behind him, Verstappen's teammate Sergio Pérez was fighting George Russell for fourth place; Pérez won out as Russell dropped to sixth ahead of his teammate Lewis Hamilton. Both Mercedes drivers were suffering from penalties; Russell for an incident involving him and Esteban Ocon and Hamilton for a collision with Oscar Piastri that resulted in damage to the latter's front wing. Excluding pit stop lead changes, Verstappen kept the lead until the end of the race, winning his second consecutive Italian Grand Prix, breaking Sebastian Vettel's record for most consecutive wins with ten, and extending the record of most consecutive wins as a constructor for Red Bull Racing to fifteen. Sainz and Leclerc finished third and fourth, respectively.^[121]

Closing rounds

Sainz made it back-to-back pole positions at the Singapore Grand Prix, qualifying ahead of Russell and Leclerc. Red Bull Racing struggled all weekend, with both Verstappen and Pérez lining up eleventh and thirteenth, respectively.^[122] This was the first time Red Bull Racing failed to make the final segment of qualifying since the 2018 Russian Grand Prix.^[123] Sainz held the lead at the start, as Leclerc passed Russell at turn 1. A safety car was brought out after Logan Sargeant crashed his Williams, resulting in most of the cars pitting. Leclerc had to be held longer in the pits to allow other cars to pass, seeing him drop to fifth. Sainz would hold off the pressure from both Russell and Norris to take his second Formula One victory. Norris and Hamilton joined him on the podium, as Russell crashed out on the final lap. Sainz's win was the first for Ferrari since the 2022 Austrian Grand Prix,^[124] and ended Verstappen's run of ten consecutive wins since the Miami Grand Prix and Red Bull Racing's streak of fifteen wins since the 2022 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.^[125]

Verstappen returned to pole at Suzuka for the Japanese Grand Prix, qualifying ahead of Piastri and Norris. Verstappen cruised to his 13th win of the season, with Norris finishing second, and Piastri scoring his maiden Grand Prix podium. Pérez retired from the race after clashing with both Hamilton and the Haas of Kevin Magnussen, though briefly rejoined the race to serve a five-second time penalty for the clash with Magnussen. Verstappen's win saw Red Bull Racing clinch the World Constructors' Championship for this season, the team's sixth title overall, and the second title in a row.^[126]

The Qatar Grand Prix saw an opportunity for Verstappen to win the title by finishing sixth in the sprint. Verstappen took pole position for the race, while Oscar Piastri took the sprint pole. Piastri battled with George Russell, who lost tyre grip and subsequently lost positions by the end of the sprint. Piastri went on to win his first race, and McLaren's first sprint victory, finishing ahead of Verstappen and Norris. Meanwhile, Esteban Ocon, Pérez and Nico Hülkenberg were involved in an incident on lap 11 which saw all three retire with collision damage. Charles Leclerc and Lance Stroll fell foul of track limits, and Liam Lawson and Logan Sargeant spun themselves into retirement – leading to three safety car periods. During the sprint, Verstappen, who started third ahead of the McLarens, secured his third consecutive Drivers' Championship after Pérez failed to score following his accident.^[2] Before the start of the Grand Prix, Carlos Sainz Jr. experienced a fuel leak in his car, and was therefore unable to take the start. On lap 1, Lewis Hamilton collided with his teammate Russell, forcing him to retire. The race was dominated by Verstappen in extremely hot weather, which caught out numerous drivers, including Logan Sargeant, who retired early due to heat exhaustion, Esteban Ocon, who vomited in his car twice but managed to finish the race in seventh, and Lance Stroll, who stated he briefly passed out and experienced blurry vision.^{[127] [128] [129] [130]} Piastri and Norris rounded off the podium once more, with McLaren setting a new record for the fastest pit stop, clocking in at 1.80 seconds. This beat the previous record set by Red Bull Racing at the 2019 Brazilian Grand Prix with 1.82.^[131]

The United States Grand Prix marked back-to-back sprint events, with Verstappen qualifying on pole for the sprint and winning comfortably ahead of Hamilton and Leclerc. Leclerc qualified on pole for the Grand Prix, after Verstappen's time was deleted for track limits. Norris passed Leclerc for the lead on lap one. However, a risky gamble into turn 12 caught Leclerc off-guard, allowing Verstappen to pass him. Leclerc was left out on older tyres with Verstappen and Hamilton having a tyre advantage. In response to Verstappen's hard compound, McLaren had Norris pit for hards, with Verstappen overcoming his brake issue to achieve his 50th career win, ahead of Hamilton and Norris, who were closing in on him.^[132] Post-race scrutineering determined that Hamilton and Leclerc's skid blocks were excessively worn, disqualifying them; this promoted Sainz to the podium and Logan Sargeant to his first career point, at his home race.^[133]

Charles Leclerc took his fourth pole position at the Mexico City Grand Prix, ahead of teammate Sainz.^[134] Verstappen took the lead at the start, while teammate Pérez collided with Leclerc at turn 1, ending Pérez's race. A red flag was brought out on lap 34 to repair the barriers at turn 9 where Magnussen crashed his Haas heavily. Verstappen held onto the lead at the restart and would go on to take his 16th win of the season, breaking his own record for the most wins in a season. Hamilton and Leclerc joined him on the podium.^[135]

The São Paulo Grand Prix saw the final sprint of the season. Norris took pole for the sprint race with Verstappen winning comfortably ahead of Norris and Pérez. Verstappen qualified on pole for the Grand Prix, ahead of Leclerc and Stroll.^[136] Leclerc crashed on the formation lap due to a hydraulic failure, and did not start the race. At the start, Verstappen held onto the lead ahead Norris and Hamilton, whilst at the back, the Williams of Alexander Albon collided with both Haas cars, crashing into the barriers at turn 1 along with Magnussen, this resulted in a red flag. Verstappen and Norris held their position at the restart, whilst Alonso passed Hamilton for third place. Norris was able to briefly challenge Verstappen for the lead, before Verstappen pulled away. He led the rest of the race comfortably, taking his 17th win of the season ahead of Norris. Alonso and Pérez fought intensely in the closing stages, and Alonso took his first podium in six races to finish third. He beat Pérez by 0.053 seconds.^[137]

The Las Vegas Grand Prix marked a return to the location after 41 years; the last time a race was held in Las Vegas was the Caesars Palace Grand Prix in 1982. The first Las Vegas Grand Prix saw Las Vegas Strip was repurposed into a temporary street circuit, the Las Vegas Strip Circuit. Early runs on track in first practice were curtailed when Carlos Sainz Jr.'s car struck a loose metal cover, severely damaging his car.^[138] He had to take a new engine component, resulting in a ten-place grid penalty for the race.^[139] Charles Leclerc took pole position ahead of teammate Sainz and Verstappen, who would eventually win the race ahead of Leclerc and Sergio Pérez.^[140] During the race, a virtual safety car period was observed, along with two safety car periods: Lando Norris bottomed out on lap four and crashed heavily in an incident which saw him getting transferred to the University Medical Center for precautionary checks, and George Russell struck Verstappen, which left debris on track. The leader of the race changed hands multiple times; while Verstappen led a majority of the race, Leclerc and Pérez squabbled for first place on multiple occasions. Leclerc would pass Pérez for second on the final lap. Despite losing the position at the end, Pérez secured second place in the Drivers' Championship, and Verstappen's win meant Red Bull broke the record for most wins by a single constructor in a season. Esteban Ocon recovered from sixteenth place to finish fourth, and Lance Stroll recovered from nineteenth to finish in fifth.^[141]

The season came to a close with the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix a week later. All three qualification sessions were topped by Max Verstappen, who would take the pole position ahead of Charles Leclerc and Oscar Piastri. Verstappen led a majority of the Grand Prix, excluding in the pit stop phase where Leclerc and Yuki Tsunoda led. A penalty for Sergio Pérez for contact with Lando Norris and Carlos Sainz Jr. leading to him being listed in eighteenth, along with both their drivers securing points with George Russell's third and Lewis Hamilton's ninth-place finishes, allowed Mercedes to retain second place ahead of Ferrari by three points.^[142]

Results and standings

Grands Prix

Round	Grand Prix	nowrap	Pole position	nowrap	Fastest lap	nowrap	Winning driver	nowrap	Winning constructor
1	Bahrain Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="ZHO" nowrap	Zhou Guanyu	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
2	nowrap	Saudi Arabian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
3	Australian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
4	Azerbaijan Grand Prix	data-sort-value="LEC" nowrap	Charles Leclerc	data-sort-value="RUS" nowrap	George Russell	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
5	Miami Grand Prix	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
6	Monaco Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="HAM" nowrap	Lewis Hamilton	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
7	Spanish Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
8	Canadian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="PER" nowrap	Sergio Pérez	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
9	Austrian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
10	British Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
11	Hungarian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="HAM" nowrap	Lewis Hamilton	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
12	Belgian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="LEC" nowrap	Charles Leclerc	data-sort-value="HAM" nowrap	Lewis Hamilton	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
13	Dutch Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="ALO" nowrap	Fernando Alonso	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
14	Italian Grand Prix	data-sort-value="SAI" nowrap	Carlos Sainz Jr.	data-sort-value="PIA" nowrap	Oscar Piastri	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
15	Singapore Grand Prix	data-sort-value="SAI" nowrap	Carlos Sainz Jr.	data-sort-value="HAM" nowrap	Lewis Hamilton	data-sort-value="SAI" nowrap	Carlos Sainz Jr.	data-sort-value="FER" nowrap	Ferrari	Report
16	Japanese Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
17	Qatar Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
18	United States Grand Prix	data-sort-value="LEC" nowrap	Charles Leclerc	data-sort-value="TSU" nowrap	Yuki Tsunoda	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
19	Mexico City Grand Prix	data-sort-value="LEC" nowrap	Charles Leclerc	data-sort-value="HAM" nowrap	Lewis Hamilton	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
20	São Paulo Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="NOR" nowrap	Lando Norris	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
21	Las Vegas Grand Prix	data-sort-value="LEC" nowrap	Charles Leclerc	data-sort-value="PIA" nowrap	Oscar Piastri	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
22	Abu Dhabi Grand Prix	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="VER" nowrap	Max Verstappen	data-sort-value="RED" nowrap	Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT	Report
Sources:

Scoring system

Points were awarded to the top ten classified drivers, the driver who set the fastest lap during the Grand Prix (only if one of the top ten), and the top eight of the sprint.^[50] In the case of a tie on points, a countback system was used where the driver with the most Grand Prix wins is ranked higher. If the number of wins is identical, then the number of second places is considered, and so on. Points were awarded using the following system:

Position	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
Race	25	18	15	12	10	8	6	4	2	1	1
Sprint	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1

World Drivers' Championship standings

Driver BHR SAU AUS AZE MIA MON ESP CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL NED ITA SIN JPN QAT USA MXC SAP LVG ABU Points 1 Max Verstappen 1^P 1 F 1 5 1^P 2 F 1 1 575 2 Sergio Pérez 2 16 4 3 2 4 2 8 Ret 10 Ret 3 4 285 3 Lewis Hamilton 5 5 2 6 2 3 8 3 4^7 F 6 6 5 7 9 234 4 Fernando Alonso 3 3 3 3 2 7 2 7 9 5 9 15 8 Ret Ret 3 9 7 206 5 Charles Leclerc Ret 7 Ret 7 6 11 4 2 9 7 Ret 4 4 4 5 2 206 6 Lando Norris 17 17 6 9 17 9 17 13 4 2 2 7 8 2 2 5 2^2 F Ret 5 205 7 Carlos Sainz Jr. 4 6 12 5 8 5 5 10 8 5 6 4 6 18 200 8 George Russell 7 4 Ret 8^4 F 4 5 3 Ret 5 6 17 5 16 7 6 8 3 175 9 Oscar Piastri Ret 15 8 11 19 10 13 11 16 4 5 9 7 3 Ret 8 14 6 97 10 Lance Stroll 6 Ret 4 12 Ret 6 9 14 10 9 11 16 WD Ret 11 7 17 5 5 10 74 11 Pierre Gasly 9 9 13 14 8 7 10 12 10 18 Ret 3 15 6 10 12 11 7 11 13 62 12 Esteban Ocon Ret 8 14 15 9 3 8 8 Ret Ret 8 10 Ret Ret 9 7 Ret 10 10 4 12 58 13 Alexander Albon 10 Ret Ret 12 14 14 16 7 11 8 11 14 8 7 11 Ret 9 9 Ret 12 14 27 14 Yuki Tsunoda 11 11 10 10 11 15 12 14 19 16 15 10 15 DNS Ret 12 15 12 18 8 17 15 Valtteri Bottas 8 18 11 18 13 11 19 10 15 12 12 12 14 10 Ret Ret 8 12 15 Ret 17 19 10 16 Nico Hülkenberg 15 12 7 17 15 17 15 15 13 14 18 12 17 13 14 16 11 13 12 19 15 9 17 Daniel Ricciardo 13 16 WD 15 7 13 14 11 6 18 Zhou Guanyu 13 9 Ret 16 13 9 16 12 15 16 13 Ret 14 12 13 9 13 14 Ret 15 17 6 19 13 10 17 13 10 19 18 17 18 Ret 17 15 16 18 10 15 14 14 Ret Ret 13 20 3 20 Liam Lawson 13 11 9 11 17 2 21 Logan Sargeant 12 16 16 16 20 18 20 Ret 13 11 18 17 Ret 13 14 Ret Ret 10 16 11 16 16 1 22 Nyck de Vries 14 14 15 Ret 18 12 14 18 17 17 0 Driver BHR SAU AUS AZE MIA MON ESP CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL NED ITA SIN JPN QAT USA MXC SAP LVG ABU Points Source:^[143]

Notes:

•  – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.

World Constructors' Championship standings

Constructor BHR SAU AUS AZE MIA MON ESP CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL NED ITA SIN JPN QAT USA MXC SAP LVG ABU Points 1 Red Bull Racing-Honda RBPT 2 Mercedes 3 Ferrari 4 5 6 Alpine-Renault 7 Williams-Mercedes 8 AlphaTauri-Honda RBPT 9 Alfa Romeo-Ferrari 10 Haas-Ferrari Constructor BHR SAU AUS AZE MIA MON ESP CAN AUT GBR HUN BEL NED ITA SIN JPN QAT USA MXC SAP LVG ABU Points Source:

Notes:

•  – Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
• Rows are not related to the drivers: within each constructor, individual Grand Prix standings are sorted purely based on the final classification in the race (not by total points scored in the event, which includes points awarded for fastest lap and sprint).

Notes and References

1. Web site: Formula 1 update on the 2023 calendar . 17 January 2023 . Formula1.com . 10 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230310215243/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-update-on-the-2023-calendar.4pTQzihtKTiegogmNX5XrP.html . live .
2. Web site: Verstappen secures third F1 world title as Piastri takes Sprint victory in Qatar. Formula1.com. 7 October 2023. 7 October 2023. 7 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231007184537/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.verstappen-secures-third-f1-world-title-as-piastri-takes-sprint-victory-in.4d0SLopnXU9W8uzefnJmu3.html. live.
3. Web site: Verstappen dominates for Japanese GP victory as Red Bull secure back-to-back constructors' titles. Formula1.com. 24 September 2023. 24 September 2023. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005152652/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.verstappen-dominates-for-japanese-gp-victory-as-red-bull-secure-back-to-back.6nJ1rDkiGByJw6nypqVPO6.html. live.
4. Web site: All the records Red Bull set with its crushing 2023 display . 17 December 2023 .
5. Web site: F1 records broken by Max Verstappen in 2023 . 26 November 2023 .
6. All 10 Formula 1 teams sign up for new Concorde Agreement. Autosport. Smith. Luke. 19 August 2020. 28 January 2021. 4 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201204120305/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/151511/all-f1-teams-sign-up-for-new-concorde-agreement. live.
7. Web site: Pirelli to remain F1 tyre provider until 2024. 5 March 2021. Racingnews365.com. 9 August 2022. 19 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210419082926/https://racingnews365.com/pirelli-to-remain-formula-1-tyre-provider-until-2024. live.
8. Web site: 2023 Formula One Sporting Regulations. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 19 October 2022. 19 October 2022. 31 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221031135226/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2023_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_issue_3_-_2022-10-19_0.pdf. live.
9. Web site: Alfa Romeo confirm launch date for 2023 challenger. Formula1.com. 20 January 2023. 20 January 2023. 19 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230219082640/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.alfa-romeo-confirm-launch-date-for-2023-challenger.a6SnX4UrFt6c13X9qt5jA.html. live.
10. Web site: AlphaTauri unveil refreshed AT04 in New York . racingnews365.com . 11 February 2023 . 12 February 2023 . 12 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230212013427/https://racingnews365.com/alphatauri-unveil-at04-in-new-york . live .
11. Web site: Alpine unveil A523 to complete the F1 2023 launch season . Racingnews365.com . 16 February 2023 . 16 February 2023 . 16 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230216220448/https://racingnews365.com/alpine-unveil-a523-to-complete-the-f1-2023-launch-season . live .
12. Web site: Introducing the AMR23 . astonmartinf1.com . 14 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214111322/https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/AMR23 . live .
13. Web site: A Week to Launch: The Car Will Be Called SF-23. Ferrari. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. 14 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230214213554/https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/articles/a-week-to-launch-the-car-will-be-called-sf-23. live.
14. Web site: Discover the SF-23. Ferrari.com. 14 February 2023. 13 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230213220034/https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/sf-23. live.
15. haasf1team. 1602251460586225665. The chassis and nose for the VF-23 have passed their FIA tests and are officially homologated – a significant landmark in the development of our 2023 car.
16. Web site: McLaren announce name for 2023 F1 car – and it's not what you would expect. Formula1.com. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. 8 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208212234/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.mclaren-announce-unexpected-new-name-for-2023-f1-car.1GdRA8PaZC0bwuDXsMsCNv.html. live.
17. News: 13 February 2023 . McLaren MCL60 technical specification . 13 February 2023 . . . en . 13 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230213131140/https://www.mclaren.com/racing/2023/car-launch/mclaren-mcl60-technical-specification/ . live .
18. Web site: W14 First Words: Firing Up Our 2023 Mercedes-AMG F1 Car!. 23 December 2022. MercedesAMGF1.com. 23 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221223175858/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2022/12/w14-fire-up-first-words-firing-up-2023-mercedes-amg-f1-car/. live.
19. Web site: You Host, We'll Launch. RedBullRacing.com. 6 January 2023. 9 January 2023. 9 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230109053140/https://www.redbullracing.com/int-en/join-our-2023-season-launch?utm_source=RBR_Newsletter&utm_medium=CRM&utm_campaign=SeasonLaunch23&utm_content=Article. live.
20. Web site: Power Units Formula 1 . 5 March 2023 . Honda.Racing . en-US . 6 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230306021854/https://honda.racing/f1/machines . live .
21. Web site: A Beginner's Guide to Formula 1 in 2023 . williamsf1.com . 26 January 2023 . 27 January 2023 . 27 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230127143559/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/99735757-d512-486b-82d4-83a85a716794/a-beginners-guide-to-formula-1-in-2023 . live .
22. Web site: Williams Mercedes FW45 Technical Specification. williamsf1.com. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. 6 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230206170457/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/c15945d3-034a-4d7e-b972-e1c1bf21cbef/williams-mercedes-fw45-technical-specification. live.
23. Web site: 2023 FIA Formula One World Championship – Entry List . . 18 July 2023 . 18 July 2023 . 7 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230107160737/https://www.fia.com/events/fia-formula-one-world-championship/season-2023/2023-fia-formula-one-world-championship-entry . dead .
24. Official entry lists:
    • Web site: 2023 Bahrain Grand Prix – Entry List . . 3 March 2023 . 3 March 2023 . 3 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230303191829/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Bahrain%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 17 March 2023 . 17 March 2023 . 17 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317191120/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Saudi%20Arabian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List%20V2.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Australian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 31 March 2023 . 31 March 2023 . 30 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230330233304/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Australian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Azerbaijan Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 28 April 2023 . 28 April 2023 . 14 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230514002748/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Azerbaijan%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Miami Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 5 May 2023 . 5 May 2023 . 15 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230515013108/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Miami%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Monaco Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 26 May 2023 . 26 May 2023 . 26 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526104358/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Monaco%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Spanish Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 2 June 2023 . 2 June 2023 . 24 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230624150145/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Spanish%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Canadian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 16 June 2023 . 16 June 2023 . 17 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230617015221/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Canadian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Austrian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 30 June 2023 . 30 June 2023 . 30 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230630104648/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Austrian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 British Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 7 July 2023 . 7 July 2023 . 8 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230708172114/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20British%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Hungarian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 21 July 2023 . 21 July 2023 . 23 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230723100844/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Hungarian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Belgian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 28 July 2023 . 28 July 2023 . 28 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230728104209/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Belgian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Dutch Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 25 August 2023 . 25 August 2023 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825094111/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Dutch%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Dutch Grand Prix – Revised Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 25 August 2023 . 25 August 2023 . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825183748/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Dutch%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Revised%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Italian Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 1 September 2023 . 1 September 2023 . 3 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230903171556/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Italian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Singapore Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 15 September 2023 . 15 September 2023 . 17 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230917232030/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Singapore%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Japanese Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 22 September 2023 . 22 September 2023 . 29 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929004736/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Japanese%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 Qatar Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 6 October 2023 . 6 October 2023 . 6 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231006180207/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2023%20Qatar%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2023 United States Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 20 October 2023 . 20 October 2023 .
    • Web site: 2023 Mexico City Grand Prix – Entry List . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 27 October 2023 . 27 October 2023 .
    • Web site: 2023 São Paulo Grand Prix – Entry List – Corrected. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 3 November 2023 . 3 November 2023 .
    • Web site: 2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix – Entry List. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 16 November 2023 . 16 November 2023 .
    • Web site: 2023 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix – Entry List. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 24 November 2023 . 24 November 2023 .
25. Web site: 19 October 2022 . 2023 Formula One Sporting Regulations . . 38 . 19 October 2022 . 31 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221031135226/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/fia_2023_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_issue_3_-_2022-10-19_0.pdf . live .
26. News: Cooper . Adam . F1 teams facing rookie FP1 scheduling headache . 25 October 2023 . www.motorsport.com . 21 August 2023 . en.
27. News: Mitchell . Rory . AlphaTauri to run F2 rookie in Mexico FP1 . 25 October 2023 . RacingNews365 . 24 October 2023 . en.
28. Web site: Beer . Matt . Honda back in Red Bull's F1 engine name for 2023 . The Race . 16 December 2022 . 15 December 2022 . 5 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230205120914/https://the-race.com/formula-1/honda-back-in-red-bulls-f1-engine-name-for-2023/ . live .
29. Web site: Mitchell-Malm . Scott . Red Bull agrees Honda engine IP use, reveals post-2021 plan . The Race . 16 December 2022 . 7 October 2021 . 1 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101125451/https://the-race.com/formula-1/red-bull-agrees-honda-engine-ip-use-reveals-post-2021-plan/ . live .
30. Web site: Medland . Chris . Honda to continue Red Bull support until end of 2025 . RACER . 16 December 2022 . 2 August 2022 . 16 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221216104308/https://racer.com/2022/08/02/honda-to-continue-red-bull-support-until-end-of-2025/ . live .
31. Web site: 28 July 2022 . Sebastian Vettel to retire from F1 at the end of the 2022 season . 28 July 2022 . Aston Martin F1 Team . 28 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728100446/https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/news/announcement/sebastian-vettel-to-retire-from-f1-at-the-end-of-the-2022-season . live .
32. Web site: Fernando Alonso signs to Aston Martin for 2023 on multi-year contract. Formula1.com. 1 August 2022. 1 August 2022. 1 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220801083548/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-fernando-alonso-signs-to-aston-martin-for-2023-on-multi-year.1i8QwJht5v7dBCWFCcrqml.html. live.
33. Web site: Piastri to make F1 debut with Alpine in 2023 replacing Alonso . 2 August 2022 . Motorsport.com . 2 August 2022 . en . 2 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220802161942/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/oscar-piastri-alpine-2023-alonso/10347858/ . live .
34. OscarPiastri . 1554527452231262210 . I understand that, without my agreement, Alpine F1 have put out a press release late this afternoon that I am driving for them next year. This is wrong and I have not signed a contract with Alpine for 2023. I will not be driving for Alpine next year.. Piastri . Oscar. Oscar Piastri.
35. Web site: 2 September 2022 . Decision of the Contract Recognition Board 02/09/2022 . 4 September 2022 . . en . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904212604/https://www.fia.com/news/decision-contract-recognition-board-02092022 . live .
36. Web site: 8 October 2022 . Gasly to race for Alpine alongside Ocon in 2023 . 8 October 2022 . Formula1.com . 19 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230219082742/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-gasly-to-race-for-alpine-alongside-ocon-in-2023.2KAog8YGlyBOFO5SskzYXD.html . live .
37. Web site: 8 October 2022 . AlphaTauri announce Nyck de Vries for 2023 alongside Tsunoda . 8 October 2022 . Formula1.com . 19 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230219082705/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-alphatauri-announce-nyck-de-vries-for-2023-alongside-tsunoda.3DDtgup7xpVfRgdTd9HFyW.html . live .
38. Web site: Daniel Ricciardo to leave McLaren Racing at the end of 2022 . . 24 August 2022 . 24 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220824140553/https://www.mclaren.com/racing/team/daniel-ricciardo/daniel-ricciardo-leave-mclaren-racing-end-2022/ . live .
39. Web site: 2 September 2022 . 2021 FIA F2 champion Oscar Piastri to join McLaren Racing in 2023 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902135330/https://www.mclaren.com/racing/team/2021-fia-f2-champion-oscar-piastri-join-mclaren-racing-2023/ . 2 September 2022 . 2 September 2022 . mclaren.com . en.
40. Web site: Nicholas Latifi and Williams Racing to part ways at end of 2022 . . 23 September 2022 . 23 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220923095840/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/15cd587a-57fd-4a01-b637-08ecfae82bff/nicholas-latifi-and-williams-racing-to-part-ways-at-end-of-2022 . live .
41. Web site: 21 November 2022 . Logan Sargeant to drive for Williams Racing in 2023 . 21 November 2022 . Williams Racing . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210094221/https://www.williamsf1.com/posts/6a3932dc-1f8a-468b-90ae-e1cf34e364b3/logan-sargeant-williams-racing-2023 . live .
42. Web site: Schumacher and Haas to part ways at the end of 2022. Formula1.com. 17 November 2022. 17 November 2022. 13 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230213231041/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-schumacher-and-haas-to-part-ways-at-the-end-of-2022.dmJ5UUmDDUL2v1mPVtUhs.html. live.
43. Web site: 17 November 2022 . Nico Hulkenberg to make full-time racing return to Formula 1 with Haas in 2023 . 17 November 2022 . Formula1.com . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210094225/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-nico-hulkenberg-to-make-full-time-racing-return-to-formula-1-with.1ZoycJ2wgYF82Vt7A2o3xF.html . live .
44. Web site: Reports: 'de Vries loses AlphaTauri seat with immediate effect'. Jake. Nichol. Racing News 365. 11 July 2023. 11 July 2023. 11 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230711125248/https://racingnews365.com/reports-de-vries-loses-alphatauri-seat-with-immediate-effect. live.
45. Web site: AlphaTauri F1 set to replace De Vries for remainder of 2023. Filip. Cleeren. motorsport.com. 11 July 2023. 11 July 2023. 12 July 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230712095537/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alphatauri-replace-de-vries-ricciardo-2023/10494714/. live.
46. Web site: Breaking: Ricciardo to replace De Vries at AlphaTauri from the Hungarian Grand Prix . Formula1.com . 11 July 2023 . 11 July 2023 . 13 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230713010037/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-ricciardo-to-replace-de-vries-at-alphatauri-from-the-hungarian.2yhnzxE6XpSUZwzHfr9rXp.html . live .
47. Web site: 25 August 2023 . Ricciardo to be replaced by Lawson after breaking hand . 25 August 2023 . Formula1.com . en . 25 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230825180042/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-ricciardo-to-be-replaced-by-lawson-for-remainder-of-dutch-gp.5JCEAa5XnnUsjZ1SE7lXFX.html . live .
48. Web site: Lawson to be AlphaTauri F1 replacement until Ricciardo fit. White. Megan. 28 August 2023. 28 August 2023. 28 August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230828160056/https://us.motorsport.com/f1/news/lawson-to-be-alphatauri-f1-replacement-until-ricciardo-fit/10512926/.
49. News: Coleman . Madeline . Daniel Ricciardo to drive in U.S. Grand Prix . 16 October 2023 . The Athletic . 13 October 2023 . en.
50. Web site: Formula 1 announces venues for six F1 Sprint events across 2023 season. Formula1.com. 7 December 2022. 7 December 2022. 7 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221207113722/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-announces-venues-for-six-f1-sprint-events-across-2023.4tvAAXFGdkoHKE8Onjh8Ya.html. live.
51. News: F1 extends Chinese Grand Prix contract to 2025. 6 November 2021. f1.com. 13 January 2022. 6 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211106023714/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.f1-extends-chinese-grand-prix-contract-to-2025.3EWPSR02zKJ4ItdLHQtk8u.html. live.
52. News: Qatar to join F1 calendar in 2021, as country signs additional 10-year deal from 2023. 30 September 2021. f1.com. 13 January 2022. 27 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211227023609/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-qatar-to-join-f1-calendar-in-2021-as-country-signs-additional-10.50lbiJcZfoo6udNWZMDAn6.html. live.
53. News: Formula 1: Las Vegas to host grand prix from 2023 – third yearly race in United States. 31 March 2022. Benson. Andrew. BBC.com. 23 September 2022. 24 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220624115733/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/60932994. live.
54. Web site: 31 March 2022 . Las Vegas to become third American F1 grand prix venue in 2023 . 31 March 2022 . the Guardian . en . 24 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220624042135/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/mar/31/las-vegas-to-become-third-american-f1-grand-prix-venue-in-2023 . live .
55. News: Russian Grand Prix to move from Sochi to Autodrom Igora Drive in St Petersburg in 2023. 26 June 2021. f1.com. 26 June 2021. 26 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210626084913/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.russian-grand-prix-to-move-from-sochi-to-autodrom-igora-drive-in-st.1cgNL53bdr25BGbwByK6mg.html. live.
56. Web site: Benson . Andrew . Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix . . 3 March 2022 . 3 March 2022 . 28 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220528003455/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/60601632 . live .
57. Web site: 25 August 2022 . French GP promoter aims for F1 return after 2023 on "rotation" deal . 25 August 2022 . Racefans . en . 28 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220828192727/https://www.racefans.net/2022/08/25/french-gp-promoter-aims-for-f1-return-after-2023-on-rotation-deal/ . live .
58. Web site: Formula 1 confirms 2023 Chinese Grand Prix will not take place. Formula1.com. 2 December 2022. 2 December 2022. 19 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230219082543/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-confirms-2023-chinese-grand-prix-will-not-take-place.186HJrsCh027R2rl0eJnWG.html. live.
59. Web site: 17 January 2023 . Formula 1 in 2023: Sport decides not to replace Chinese GP with season now set for 23 races . 6 February 2023 . Skysports.com . 7 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230207172256/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12784888/formula-1-in-2023-sport-decides-not-to-replace-chinese-gp-with-season-now-set-for-23-races . live .
60. Web site: Update on the 2023 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix at Imola . Formula1.com . 17 May 2023 . en . 17 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230517121829/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-update-on-the-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-at-imola.14xk8GLh2Lr8wBGdJqhxnO.html . live .
61. Web site: FIA World Motor Sport Council approves power unit regulations for 2026. Formula1.com. 16 August 2022. 16 August 2022. 16 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220816170029/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-fia-world-motor-sport-council-approves-power-unit-regulations-for.495Jt6I1pAAsytVVYjz2Z5.html. live.
62. Web site: Somerfield . Matt . 20 July 2022 . How 2023 F1 floor changes will help limit porpoising issues . 2 August 2022 . Motorsport.com . 31 July 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220731104454/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/how-2023-f1-floor-changes-help-limit-porpoising/10340342/ . live .
63. News: Giuliana . Rosario . Formula 1's 2023 technical rule changes explained . 17 October 2023 . The Race . 17 January 2023 . en.
64. Web site: Everything we know about the 2023 Formula 1 season: Drivers, cars, tracks & more. Autosport.com. 2 December 2022. 12 December 2022. 24 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224142504/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/everything-we-know-about-the-2023-formula-1-season-drivers-cars-tracks-more/10401315/. live.
65. Web site: F1 still eyes in-car video screens to replace mirrors, but faces key hurdles. Motorsport.com. 28 November 2022. 27 February 2023. 28 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228002538/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-still-eyes-in-car-video-screens-to-replace-mirrors-but-faces-key-hurdles/10405534/. live.
66. Web site: Cooper . Adam . Plan to reduce 2023 F1 car weight dropped despite team opposition . Motorsport.com . 9 February 2023 . Motorsport Network . 9 February 2023 . 23 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230223152844/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/plan-to-reduce-2023-f1-car-weight-dropped-despite-team-opposition/10429894/ . live .
67. Web site: Giuliana . Rosario . Formula 1's 2023 technical rule changes explained . The Race . 17 January 2023 . The Race Media . 17 January 2023 . 18 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230118060254/https://the-race.com/formula-1/2023-f1-technical-rule-changes/#disqus_thread . live .
68. Web site: From cutting curfews to grid penalties – 10 rule changes you need to know about for the 2023 F1 season . Formula1.com . Formula One . 13 January 2023 . 23 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230223221123/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.from-cutting-curfews-to-grid-penalties-10-rule-changes-you-need-to-know.5EN5ENd23oOqFDnw8fD0rp.html . live .
69. Web site: FIA formally outlaws Mercedes slot-gap separator trick. Motorsport.com. 8 December 2022. 8 December 2022. 18 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221218092929/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/fia-formally-outlaws-mercedes-slot-gap-separator-trick/10409278/. live.
70. Web site: Noble . Jonathan . Why Ferrari can run the front wing design that Mercedes could not . Motorsport.com . 14 February 2023 . Motorsport Network . 14 February 2023 . 14 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214132259/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-ferrari-can-run-the-front-wing-design-that-mercedes-could-not/10432014/ . live .
71. Web site: F1 to trial tweaked qualifying format in 2023. Autosport.com. 2 May 2022. 18 August 2022. 18 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220818202710/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-to-trial-tweaked-qualifying-format-in-2023/10264787/. live.
72. Web site: Pirelli expand 2023 tyre F1 range with sixth compound 'C0'. Racefans.net. 20 November 2022. 23 November 2022. 26 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221126211528/https://www.racefans.net/2022/11/20/racefans-round-up-20-11-5/. live.
73. Web site: Pirelli has replacement for maligned 'safety car' wet F1 tyre. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222170419/https://the-race.com/formula-1/pirelli-has-replacement-for-safety-car-only-wet-f1-tyre/. live.
74. Web site: Pirelli mystified as F1 teams reject chance to race blanket-free inters. Autosport.com. 20 June 2023. 22 June 2023. 21 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230621224741/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/pirelli-mystified-as-f1-teams-reject-chance-to-race-blanket-free-inters/10485637/. live.
75. Web site: F1 Commission agrees to raft of regulation changes ahead of new season . 21 February 2023 . gpfans.com . 21 February 2023 . GP Fans . 27 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230227150437/https://www.gpfans.com/en/f1-news/101777/f1-commission-agrees-to-raft-of-regulation-changes-ahead-of-new-season/ . live .
76. Web site: Formula 1 calendar to feature six Sprint events from 2023 onwards. Formula1.com. 27 September 2022. 27 September 2022. 3 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221203033321/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-formula-1-calendar-to-feature-six-sprint-events-from-2023-onwards.6JpUPQeXnDnmYEzvlcySXk.html. live.
77. Web site: New tyres, wet weather bodykit testing and DRS zone changes discussed in the first F1 Commission meeting of 2023 . Formula1.com . Formula One . 21 February 2023 . 21 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230221201149/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.new-tyres-wet-weather-bodykit-testing-and-drs-zone-changes-discussed-in.5urXcWAONzuMGTxIi16uN4.html . live .
78. Web site: Explained: Everything you need to know about the 2023 F1 Sprint format. Formula1.com. 25 April 2023. 25 April 2023. 5 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230505113417/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.explained-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2023-f1-sprint-format.583WHWKbWVVBemPKi6pJxH.html. live.
79. Web site: Cooper . Adam . 29 June 2023 . FIA tweaks F1 sprint qualifying tyre rules to avoid inters farce . 29 June 2023 . Motorsport.com . 29 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629112048/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/fia-tweaks-f1-sprint-qualifying-tyres-rules-to-avoid-inters-farce/10488947/ . live .
80. Web site: Collantine . Keith . F1 tweaks flawed points rule, eases radio restrictions and approves new rain tyres . racefans.net . 21 February 2023 . Collantine Publishing . 21 February 2023 . 22 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230222110348/https://www.racefans.net/2023/02/21/f1-tweaks-flawed-points-rule-eases-radio-restrictions-and-approves-new-rain-tyres/ . live .
81. Web site: FIA bans drivers from political statements without approval. Motorsport.com. 20 December 2022. 20 December 2022. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209015435/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/fia-bans-drivers-from-political-statements-without-approval/10413104/. live.
82. Web site: F1 drivers now need FIA consent to make political gestures. The Race.com. 20 December 2022. 20 December 2022. 17 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230217211839/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/f1-drivers-now-need-fia-consent-to-make-political-gestures/. live.
83. Web site: Collantine . Keith . Cottingham . Claire . FIA says its ban on drivers' political gestures is in line with Olympic principles . racefans.net . 20 December 2022 . Collantine Publishing . 20 December 2022 . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117080319/https://www.racefans.net/2022/12/20/fia-says-its-ban-on-drivers-political-gestures-is-in-line-with-olympic-principles/ . live .
84. Web site: Parkes . Ian . F1 drivers handed "personal agenda" warning by FIA . gpfans.com . 10 January 2023 . GP Fans . 10 January 2023 . 23 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230223152844/https://www.gpfans.com/en/f1-news/99215/f1-drivers-personal-agenda-warning-fia/ . live .
85. Web site: Suttill . Josh . FIA clarifies free speech rule and possible penalties . The Race . The Race Media . 14 February 2023 . 17 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230217201805/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/fia-clarifies-driver-free-speech-rule-and-possible-penalties/#disqus_thread . live .
86. Web site: FIA to drop F1 COVID vaccination requirement for 2023. Motorsport.com. 7 December 2022. 7 December 2022. 7 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221207190745/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/fia-to-drop-f1-covid-vaccination-requirement-for-2023/10409021/. live.
87. Web site: F1 adds $1.2 million to teams' cost cap allowances. 21 February 2023. 22 February 2023. 22 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230222110348/https://www.racefans.net/2023/02/21/f1-adds-1-2-million-to-teams-cost-cap-allowances/. live.
88. Web site: F1 cost cap loophole closed off by FIA. Motorsport.com. 23 June 2023. 23 June 2023. Noble. Jonathan. 23 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230623100610/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-cost-cap-loophole-closed-off-by-fia/10486591/. live.
89. Web site: Khorounzhiy . Valentin . Stroll to miss F1's Bahrain test after 'minor accident' . 20 February 2023 . The Race . 20 February 2023 . The Race Media . 20 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230220170506/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/stroll-to-miss-f1s-bahrain-test-after-minor-accident/ . live .
90. Web site: Aston Martin announce substitute for recovering Lance Stroll at pre-season testing. Formula1.com. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. 21 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230221164420/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.aston-martin-announce-substitute-for-recovering-lance-stroll-at-pre-season.gNVAZa3HgRQVtG0c8Kmcv.html. live.
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