| III European Games | |
| Size: | 170 |
| Host City: | Kraków and Małopolska, Poland |
| Motto: | We are unity (Polish: Jesteśmy jednością) |
| Nations: | 48 |
| Athletes: | 6,857 |
| Events: | 254 in 29 sports [1] |
| Opening: | 21 June 2023 |
| Closing: | 2 July 2023[2] |
| Opened By: | President Andrzej Duda |
| Torch Lighter: | Anita Włodarczyk Marcin Oleksy and Janusz Pyciak-Peciak |
| Stadium: | Stadion Miejski |
| Website: | 2023 European Games |
| Previous: | Minsk 2019 |
The 3rd European Games (Polish: III Igrzyska Europejskie, Igrzyska Europejskie 2023), informally known as Kraków-Małopolska 2023, was an international multi-sport event held from 21 June to 2 July 2023 in Kraków and Małopolska, Poland.[3] It was the first time that Poland hosted the European Games. All Olympic sports held at the European Games provided qualification opportunities for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.[4]
At the time of the 2015 European Games, the city of Manchester, United Kingdom expressed its wish to host the 2023 Games.[5] [6] No further interest was expressed since after the 2018 European Championships were awarded to Glasgow, Scotland and the 2022 Commonwealth Games were awarded to Birmingham, England.
In May 2018, the European Olympic Committees (EOC) asserted that the bidding process for the 2023 Games would be open to joint bids from multiple countries.[7]
The EOC launched the bid process on 20 September 2018 after a meeting of the constituent National Olympic Committees in Stockholm.[8] Following the approval of the Bid Document, it was sent to the 50 NOCs in Europe alongside a letter from EOC President Janez Kocijančič inviting applications.[9] The application stage was set to close on 28 February 2019.[10]
In January 2019, Marcin Krupa, the mayor of Katowice, Poland, announced the city's interest hosting the Games, becoming the first candidate city.[11] [12] Soon after, Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, Russia expressed its interest in hosting the 2023 Games and its intention to submit an application to the EOC.[13] [14] Its bid would be made attractive by the fact the city built much sporting infrastructure when hosting the 2013 Summer Universiade and the 2015 FINA World Aquatics Championships and that a Russian bid has been supported by premier Vladimir Putin.[15] [16]
In February 2019, the application deadline was extended by two months, until 30 April, due to "strong interest from across the continent".[17] [18] In May 2019, after the extended deadline had passed, the EOC again postponed the deadline, this time until the 31 May.[19] No reason was given for the second extension.
In May 2019, the Polish Olympic Committee announced that Kraków would replace Katowice as the Polish bid for the Games following the withdrawal of its bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics and the waning interest in Katowice.[20] The same month, EOC President Janez Kocijančič reiterated his expectation that the host for the 2023 Games would be chosen before the start of the 2019 European Games in Minsk on the 21 June 2019.[21]
After the deadline for bid submission passed on the 31 May 2019, the European Olympic Committees confirmed that only one formal bid had been completed, that of Kraków in collaboration with the province Małopolska.[22] [23] [24] The mayor of Kraków, Jacek Majchrowski, had previously said that the city might decline to run the Games without support from regional and national government.[25]
The official election of the European Games 2023 host took place at an EOC General Assembly in Minsk on 22 June 2019 where it was unanimously decided that Kraków and the surrounding Lesser Poland region would hold the Games.[26] [27] [28] The vote was by a show of hands.[29] The contract with the host city was signed on 17 May 2022.[30]
On 28 June 2019, six days after Kraków was awarded the Games, the EOC confirmed it had signed a letter of intent with the European Union of Gymnastics to include gymnastics in the upcoming Games.[31] In July 2019, Hasan Arat, the vice-president of the Turkish Olympic Committee, was named chair of the EOC's Co-ordination Commission for the 2023 Games. He said he was "honoured and humbled by the decision".[32]
In October the same year, both the city of Kraków and the Małopolska region signed a letter of intent confirming their joint commitment to the hosting of the Games.[33] In March 2020, Kraków's mayor Jacek Majchrowski warned of cuts to the city budget and impacts on the tourism industry due to coronavirus which could impact the success of the Games.[34]
In February 2021, the Games faced a funding deadlock when the city of Kraków said it needed financial guarantees from the Polish government in order to proceed with the signing of the host city contract. A spokesperson of the office of the mayor of Kraków, Jacek Majchrowski, said that the city had agreed to host the Games "only on condition that the government subsidised the necessary infrastructure". Government organisers blamed the city's leadership, with Jacek Sasin saying that "Kraków is the organiser of the Games" and that the government is "ready" to support it.[35] Sasin said that the government would commit to sharing funding, but only after Kraków signed the host city contract.[36] However, Majchrowski said that he would not sign the agreement until the government has introduced legislation supporting the event's organisation, leading to suggestions that Katowice, the original bid city, and the Silesia region could end up hosting the Games.[37] In a statement, the EOC said they were "working closely with the organisers" and remained "confident" that Kraków would sign the host city contract.[38]
In early March 2021, the EOC entered into talks with Silesian officials to explore the possibility of the region co-hosting the event.[39] Kraków and the Polish government were reported to have come to an agreement over funding by the end of March 2021.[40]
The opening ceremony was held at Stadion Miejski and ran from 20:30 to 23:45 CEST.
The following competitions took place:
In addition, the following sports as 'side events' (demonstration sports) are included on the official program:
Traditional Martial Arts:[41]
An E-sport European Games, recognised by the EOC, is also being held alongside the Games, but does not form part of the Kraków 2023 program.
| OC | Opening ceremony | ● | Event competitions | 1 | Event finals | CC | Closing ceremony |
| June/July | 20th Tue | 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 1st Sat | 2nd Sun | Total events | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceremonies | bgcolor=#00cc33 align=center | OC | bgcolor=#ee3333 align=center | CC | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aquatics | Artistic swimming< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | 2< | -- 23 --> | 2< | -- 24 --> | 3< | -- 25 --> | 1< | -- 26 --> | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Diving< | -- 20 --> | 1< | -- 23 --> | 2< | -- 24 --> | 2< | -- 25 --> | 2< | -- 26 --> | 2< | -- 27 --> | 2< | -- 28 --> | 2< | -- 29 --> | 13 | ||||||||||
| Archery< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 24 --> | 2< | -- 25 --> | 2< | -- 26 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | ●< | -- 28 --> | 2< | -- 29 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 8 | ||||||||||
| Athletics< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 21 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | ●< | -- 23 --> | 12< | -- 24 --> | 13< | -- 25 --> | 13< | -- 26 --> | 38 | ||||||||||||
| Badminton< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | ●< | -- 28 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | ●< | -- 30 --> | ●< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 3< | -- T --> | 5 | ||||||||||
| Basketball (3x3)< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | ●< | -- 23 --> | ●< | -- 24 --> | 2< | -- 25 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||||
| Beach handball< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 21 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | 2< | -- 23 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Beach soccer< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 28 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | ●< | -- 30 --> | ●< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Boxing< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 24 --> | ●< | -- 25 --> | ●< | -- 26 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | ●< | -- 28 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | ●< | -- 1 --> | 7< | -- 2 --> | 6< | -- T --> | 13 | ||||||
| Breaking< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | 2< | -- 28 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Canoeing | Slalom< | -- 20 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 2< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 4< | -- T --> | 10 | |||||||||||||||
| Sprint< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | 4< | -- 23 --> | 6< | -- 24 --> | 6< | -- 25 --> | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Cycling | BMX< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | 2< | -- 23 --> | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mountain biking< | -- 20 --> | 2< | -- 26 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fencing< | -- 20 --> | 2< | -- 26 --> | 2< | -- 27 --> | 2< | -- 28 --> | 2< | -- 29 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 2< | -- 1 --> | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Judo< | -- 20 --> | 1< | -- 2 --> | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Karate< | -- 20 --> | 6< | -- 23 --> | 6< | -- 24 --> | 12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kickboxing< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 1 --> | ●< | -- 2 --> | 16< | -- T --> | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Modern pentathlon< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 26 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | ●< | -- 28 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | 1< | -- 30 --> | 4< | -- 2 --> | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Muaythai< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 26 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | 10< | -- 28 --> | 10 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Padel< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 22 --> | ●< | -- 23 --> | ●< | -- 24 --> | ●< | -- 25 --> | 3< | -- 26 --> | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Rugby sevens< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 26 --> | ●< | -- 27 --> | 2< | -- 28 --> | 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shooting< | -- 20 --> | 3< | -- 23 --> | 3< | -- 24 --> | 4< | -- 25 --> | 3< | -- 26 --> | 3< | -- 27 --> | 3< | -- 28 --> | 2< | -- 29 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 3< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 2< | -- T --> | 30 | ||
| Ski jumping< | -- 20 --> | 1< | -- 28 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 1< | -- 1 --> | 1< | -- 2 --> | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Sport climbing< | -- 20 --> | 1< | -- 23 --> | 1< | -- 24 --> | 2< | -- 25 --> | 2< | -- 26 --> | 6 | ||||||||||||||||
| Table tennis< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 24 --> | ●< | -- 25 --> | ●< | -- 26 --> | 1< | -- 27 --> | 2< | -- 28 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | ●< | -- 30 --> | ●< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 5 | ||||||
| Taekwondo< | -- 20 --> | 4< | -- 24 --> | 4< | -- 25 --> | 4< | -- 26 --> | 4< | -- 27 --> | 16 | ||||||||||||||||
| Teqball< | -- 20 --> | ●< | -- 29 --> | 2< | -- 30 --> | 1< | -- 1 --> | 2< | -- 2 --> | 5 | ||||||||||||||||
| Triathlon< | -- 20 --> | 1< | -- 28 --> | 1< | -- 29 --> | 1< | -- 2 --> | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Daily medal events | 21 | 36 | 38 | 34 | 12 | 25 | 9 | 13 | 9 | 26 | 31 | 254 | ||||||||||||||
| Cumulative total | 21 | 57 | 95 | 129 | 141 | 166 | 175 | 188 | 197 | 223 | 254 | |||||||||||||||
| June/July | 20th Tue | 21st Wed | 22nd Thu | 23rd Fri | 24th Sat | 25th Sun | 26th Mon | 27th Tue | 28th Wed | 29th Thu | 30th Fri | 1st Sat | 2nd Sun | Total events | ||||||||||||
Events took place in the city of Kraków, the surrounding Lesser Poland Voivodeship region and in Bielsko-Biała and Chorzów in the neighbouring Silesian Voivodeship.
| Venue | Sports |
|---|---|
| Opening and closing ceremonies and Rugby 7 | |
| Basketball 3×3 | |
| Table tennis | |
| Canoe slalom | |
| Kryspinów Waterway | Canoe sprint |
| Archery | |
| Fencing | |
| Modern pentathlon | |
| Teqball and Padel | |
| Kickboxing | |
| Venue | Sports | |
|---|---|---|
| Krynica-Zdrój Hill Park | Mountain bike cycling | |
| Judo and Taekwondo |
| Venue | Sports | |
|---|---|---|
| Badminton | ||
| Beach handball and Beach soccer | ||
| Sport climbing |
| Venue | Sports | |
|---|---|---|
| Ski jumping (normal hill) | ||
| Ski jumping (large hill) |
The following 48 National Olympic Committees participated, along with the EOC Refugee Team:[42]