2022 Winter Olympics Explained

Host City:Beijing, China
Nations:91
Athletes:2,871
Events:109 in 7 sports (15 disciplines)
Opening:4 February 2022
Closing:20 February 2022
Opened By:President Xi Jinping
Cauldron:Dilnigar Ilhamjan
Zhao Jiawen
Stadium:Beijing National Stadium
Winter Prev:PyeongChang 2018
Winter Next:Milano Cortina 2026
Summer Prev:Tokyo 2020
Summer Next:Paris 2024

The 2022 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXIV Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Beijing 2022 (Chinese: 北京2022), were an international winter multi-sport event held from 4 to 20 February 2022 in Beijing, China, and surrounding areas with competition in selected events beginning 2 February 2022.[1] It was the 24th edition of the Winter Olympic Games.

Beijing was selected as host city on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, marking its second time hosting the Olympics, and the last of three consecutive Olympics hosted in East Asia following the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. Having previously hosted the 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing became the first city to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The venues for the Games were concentrated around Beijing, its suburb Yanqing District, and Zhangjiakou, with some events (including the ceremonies and curling) repurposing venues originally built for Beijing 2008 (such as Beijing National Stadium and the Beijing National Aquatics Centre).

The Games featured a record 109 events across 15 disciplines, with big air freestyle skiing and women's monobob making their Olympic debuts as medal events, as well as several new mixed competitions. A total of 2,871 athletes representing 91 teams competed in the Games, with Haiti and Saudi Arabia making their Winter Olympic debut.

Beijing's hosting of the Games was subject to various concerns and controversies including those related to human rights violations in China, such as the persecution of Uyghurs in China, which led to calls for a boycott of the games.[2] [3] Like the Summer Olympics held six months earlier in Tokyo, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the implementation of health and safety protocols, and, for the second Games in a row, the Games being closed to the public (with selected events open to invited guests at a reduced capacity).

Norway finished at the top of the medal table for the second successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics. The host nation China finished fourth with nine gold medals and also eleventh place by total medals won, marking its most successful performance in Winter Olympics history.[4] [5] [6]

Bidding process

See main article: Bids for the 2022 Winter Olympics. The bidding calendar was announced by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in October 2012, with the application deadline set for 14 November 2013.[7] The IOC Executive Board reviewed the bids from all applicant cities on 7 July 2014 and selected three cities, Oslo (Norway), Almaty (Kazakhstan), and Beijing (China), as the final candidates.[8]

Several bid cities withdrew their bids during the process, citing the high costs or the lack of local support and funding for hosting the Games.[9] The Oslo bid, considered the clear frontrunner, was canceled in the wake of a series of revelations about the IOC's demands for luxury treatment of IOC members that strongly turned public opinion and the parliamentary majority against the bid. The city withdrew its application for government funding after a majority of the Norwegian parliament had stated their intention to decline the application. In the days before the decision, Norwegian media had revealed the IOC's "diva-like demands for luxury treatment" for the IOC members themselves, such as special lanes on all roads only to be used by IOC members and cocktail reception at the Royal Palace with drinks paid for by the royal family. The IOC also "demanded control over all advertising space throughout Oslo" to be used exclusively by IOC's sponsors, something that is not possible in Norway because the government doesn't own or control "all advertising space throughout Oslo" and has no authority to give a foreign private organization exclusive use of a city and the private property within it.[10] Several commentators pointed out that such demands were unheard of in a western democracy; Slate described the IOC as a "notoriously ridiculous organization run by grifters and hereditary aristocrats."[11] [12] [13] [14] Ole Berget, deputy minister in the Finance Ministry, said "the IOC's arrogance was an argument held high by a lot of people." The country's largest newspaper commented that "Norway is a rich country, but we don't want to spend money on wrong things, like satisfying the crazy demands from IOC apparatchiks. These insane demands that they should be treated like the king of Saudi Arabia just won't fly with the Norwegian public."[15]

Beijing was selected as the host city of the 2022 Winter Olympics after beating Almaty by four votes on 31 July 2015 at the 128th IOC Session in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2022 Winter Olympics bidding results
CityNationVotes
Beijing44
Almaty40

Development and preparations

Venues

See main article: Venues of the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics.

In February 2021, Beijing announced that the 26 venues (including training venues) for these sports would be running on entirely renewable energy.[16] [17]

There were three different clusters of venues designed and constructed for the 2022 Winter Olympics, each respectively known as the Beijing Zone, the Zhangjiakou Zone, and the Yanging Zone.[18]

Beijing Zone

Venues in the Beijing Zone exist in different conditions; some were recently constructed exclusively for the 2022 games, while the rest were renovated from the 2008 Summer Olympics or other existing sites.[19] The Beijing Zone of the 2022 Winter Olympics consisted of six competition venues and was where the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, for both the 2022 Winter Olympics and 2008 Summer Olympics, would take place.[19]

Five ice events were held at the Olympic Green, the Capital Indoor Stadium and the Beijing Wukesong Sports Center, which had been some of the main venues of the 2008 Summer Olympics. The Big Air snowboarding and freestyle skiing events were held in a former industrial area in Shijingshan District, at Western Hills area.[20] Since the end of 2009, the Beijing Olympic Village apartments on the Olympic Green had been transformed into a residential area. There was therefore a need to build another Olympic Village on a smaller scale for the Winter Olympics. These new buildings are located in the southern area of Olympic Green on the neighbourhood of the National Olympic Sports Center and will serves as Chinese Olympic Committee residential complex for those athletes who will undergo training sessions at the nearby venues.[21]

The Beijing National Stadium was an iconic venue in the Beijing Zone, and it is also known as the Bird's Nest (鸟巢; Niǎocháo). The Beijing National Stadium was the site that hosted the Opening and Closing Ceremonies for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but it was no longer a venue for any competition in 2022.[22]

The National Aquatics Center (国家游泳中心 Guójiā Yóuyǒng Zhōngxīn /gwor-jyaa yoh-yong jong-sshin/), also known as the Water Cube, was the venue for Curling competition.[23] In the 2022 Winter Olympics, the National Aquatics Center became the first Olympic venue to incorporate a curling track in the swimming pool.[24]

The Shougang Big Air (首钢滑雪大跳台中心 Shǒugāng Huáxuě Dàtiàotái Zhōngxīn /shoh-gung hwaa-sshwair daa-tyao-teye jong-sshin/) was a newly constructed site for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[25] The Shougang Big Air hosted the freestyle skiing and snowboarding events.

The Wukesong Sports Centre (五棵松体育馆 Wǔkēsōng Tǐyùguǎn /woo-ker-song tee-yoo-gwan/) was under an 8-month renovation for the 2022 Winter Olympics. In February 2022, the Wukesong Sports Centre hosted the 2022 Winter Olympics Men's and Women's ice hockey tournaments.[26]

The National Indoor Stadium (国家体育馆 Guójiā Tǐyùguǎn /gwor-jyaa tee-yoo-gwan/) was the second venue for the ice hockey tournament for the 2022 Winter Olympics, besides the Wukesong Sports Centre.[27]

The National Speed Skating Oval (国家速滑馆 Guójiā Sùhuáguǎn /gwor-jyaa soo-hwaa-gwan/) has the nickname "Ice Ribbon" due to its exterior design. The National Speed Skating Oval was the venue for speed skating in the 2022 Winter Olympics.

The Capital Indoor Stadium (首都体育馆 Shǒudū Tǐyùguǎn), also known as the Capital Gymnasium, was a venue adapted from the 2008 Summer Olympics and was reconstructed for short-track speed skating and figure skating competitions in the 2022 Winter Olympics.[28]

Yanqing District is a suburban district localized at the Beijing's far north. Competitions for luge, skeleton, bobsleigh and alpine skiing were held in Xiaohaituo Mountain area in the West Dazhuangke village[29] of Zhangshanying in Yanqing District, northwest of the urban area of Beijing, 90km (60miles) away from the city center of Beijing and 17.5km (10.9miles) away from the town of Yanqing, using artificial snow because of the rarity of natural snow in this region.[30] [31]

Zhangjiakou Zone

All other skiing events were held in Taizicheng Area in Chongli District, Zhangjiakou city, Hebei province. It is from downtown Beijing and away from Xiaohaituo Mountain Area. The ski resort earned over ¥ 1.54 billion (US$237.77 million) in tourism during the 2015–16 winter season for a 31.6% growth over the previous season. In 2016, it was announced that Chongli received 2.185 million tourists, an increase of 30% from the previous season, during the first snow season after winning the Olympic bid. The snow season lasted for five months from November, during which Chongli has hosted thirty-six competitions and activities, such as Far East Cup and Children Skiing International Festival. A total of twenty-three skiing camps have also been set up, attracting the participation of 3,800 youths. All the venues construction started in November 2016 and was finished by the end of 2020 to enable the city to hold test events.[32]

Medals

The design for the Games' medals was unveiled on 26 October 2021. The concept is based on the 2008 Summer Olympics medals and Chinese astronomy and astrology as the games were held coinciding with the Chinese New Year festivities.[33]

The uniforms for medal presenters at medal ceremonies were unveiled in January 2022.[34] The uniforms have been designed in a joint project by the Central Academy of Fine Arts and Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology.[34]

Torch relay

See main article: 2022 Winter Olympics torch relay. The torch relay started on 18 October 2021 in Greece. On 20 October 2021, it was announced that the local leg would start on 2 February and end on 4 February 2022 during the Opening Ceremonies. The local leg only visited two cities: Beijing and Zhangjiakou.[35] Activists staged a protest at the Olympic torch lighting ceremony in Greece.[36]

The inclusion and television appearance of Qi Fabao, a People's Liberation Army commander well known in China for his involvement in the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes, as one of 1,200 torchbearers have been controversial, with India launching a diplomatic boycott of the Games as a result.[37]

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China and Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in changes in the qualifying process for curling and women's ice hockey due to the cancellation of tournaments in 2020. Qualification for curling was based on placement in the 2021 World Curling Championships and an Olympic Qualification Event that completed the field (in place of points earned across the 2020 and 2021 World Curling Championships). The IIHF based its qualification for the women's tournament upon existing IIHF World Rankings, without holding the 2020 Women's World Championship.[38] [39]

On 29 September 2021, the IOC announced biosecurity protocols for the Games; all athletes were required to remain within the bio-secure bubble (referred to as a "closed-loop management system") for the duration of their participation, which included daily COVID-19 testing, and only being allowed to travel to and from Games-related venues. Unless they are fully-vaccinated or have a valid medical exemption, all athletes were required to quarantine for 21 days upon their arrival. Mirroring a protocol adopted for the 2020 Summer Olympics before they were moved behind closed doors, the IOC also announced that only residents of the People's Republic of China would be permitted to attend the Games as spectators.[40] [41]

On 23 December 2021, the United States' National Hockey League (NHL) and its labor union, the National Hockey League Players' Association (NHLPA), announced that they had agreed to withdraw their players' participation in the Games' men's hockey tournament, citing concerns over COVID-19 and the need to make up games that had been postponed due to COVID-19 outbreak[42] As part of their latest collective agreement with the NHLPA, the NHL had agreed to accommodate a break for the Olympics and player participation for the first time since 2014.[43]

On 17 January 2022, amid increasing lockdowns across China and the first detected case of the Omicron variant in Beijing, it was announced that ticket sales to the general public were cancelled, and that limited numbers of spectators would be admitted by invitation only. These, therefore, became the second Olympics in a row that were closed to the general public.[44] In the lead-up to the Games, organizers stated that they had aimed for at least 30% capacity at each venue, divided equally between spectators from within the "closed loop" (including dignitaries, delegations, and the press), and invited guests from outside of it (including local residents, school students, winter sports enthusiasts, and marketing partners). At least 150,000 spectators from outside the "closed loop" were expected to attend. Spectators were only present at events held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou; all events in Yanqing were held behind closed doors with no spectators permitted.[45] [46]

Everyone present at the Games, including athletes, staff, and attendees, were required to use the My2022 mobile app as part of the biosecurity protocols, which was used for submissions of customs declarations and health records for travel to the Games, daily health self-reporting, and records of COVID-19 vaccination and testing. The app also provided news and information relating to the Games, and messaging functions. Concerns were raised about the security of the My2022 app and how information collected by it would be used, so several delegations advised their athletes to bring burner phones and laptops for the duration of the games.[47] [48]

Because of the strict COVID-19 protocol, some top athletes, considered to be medal contenders, were not able to travel to China after having tested positive, even if asymptomatic. The cases included Austrian ski jumper Marita Kramer, the leader of the World Cup ranking,[49] and Russian skeletonist Nikita Tregubov, silver medalist of the 2018 Winter Olympics.[50]

Transportation

The new Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway opened in late 2019, starting from Beijing North railway station and ending at Zhangjiakou railway station. It was built for speeds of up to ; with this new road system, the travel time from Beijing to Zhangjiakou was decreased to around 50 minutes. A dedicated train for the Winter Olympics began to run on this line in January 2022, featuring a mobile television studio that supports live broadcast on the train.[51]

On 31 December 2021, the Beijing Subway reached the planned at the bid book.[52]

Planned before the city was awarded the rights to the Games, the Beijing Daxing International Airport opened in 2019, and due to the strategic location, it would be the main focus for the arrival and entry of delegations on Chinese soil. Chinese officials had hoped that this airport would replace Beijing Capital International Airport as the country's main hub for arrivals and departures between its opening and the Winter Games and reduce the international and domestic demands of the older airport. This airport replaced the old Beijing Nanyuan Airport which was out of date and was on the list of the most dangerous airports in the world because of its location and since its opening, it has been sharing the local and international demands of the city and the country with the older Beijing Capital International Airport.[53] However, according to the COVID-19 pandemic security protocol manual issued by BOCWOG and International Olympic Committee, all foreign delegations could only enter and leave Beijing via the Capital International Airport due to its smaller size and the fact that it is closer to the city center and Olympic Green and has specific isolation areas and a better health protocols.[54]

Budget

The original estimated budget for the Games was US$3.9 billion, less than one-tenth of the $43 billion spent on the 2008 Summer Olympics.[55] Although there were reports that the games might cost more than US$38.5 billion,[56] the final official budget was US$2.24 billion and turning a profit of $52 million, of which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) donated $10.4 million of that surplus to the Chinese Olympic Committee (COC) to help with the development of sport in China.[57] [58]

Ceremonies

Opening ceremony

See main article: 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony. The opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held on 4 February 2022 at Beijing National Stadium.

Amid the political controversies and tensions impacting the Games, IOC president Thomas Bach instructed athletes to "show how the world would look like, if we all respect the same rules and each other", and pledged that "there [would] be no discrimination for any reason whatsoever."[59]

The final seven torchbearers reflected multiple decades of Chinese athletes, beginning with the 1950s, and concluding with two skiers competing in the Games—21 year-old skier Zhao Jiawen from Shanxi (the first Chinese athlete to compete in Nordic combined), and 20-year-old Dinigeer Yilamujiang from the Xinjiang autonomous region (cross-country, and the first Chinese cross-country skier to win a medal in an ISF event).[60] [61]

For the first time in Olympic history, the final torchbearers did not light a cauldron: instead, they fitted the torch into the centre of a large stylised snowflake, constructed from placards bearing the names of the delegations competing in the Games. Three similar snowflakes were also erected as public flames, with one outside of the stadium lit by a volunteer, one in Yanqing District lit by speed skater Yu Jongjun, and the third in Zhangjiakou lit by skier Wang Wezhuo.

Closing ceremony

See main article: 2022 Winter Olympics closing ceremony. The closing ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics was held at Beijing National Stadium on 20 February 2022; it included a cultural presentation, closing remarks, and the formal handover to Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo as hosts of the 2026 Winter Olympics.[62]

Sports

The 2022 Winter Olympics included a record 109 events over 15 disciplines in seven sports.[63] There are seven new medal events, including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's monobob, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[64]

Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each discipline.

New events

In October 2016, the International Ski Federation (FIS) announced plans to begin permitting women's competitions in Nordic combined, to contest the discipline at the Olympic level for the first time in Beijing.[65] In November 2017, a further three events were put forward by the FIS for possible Olympic inclusion: a ski jumping mixed team competition and men's and women's big air in freestyle skiing.[66] At their May 2018 Congress at the Costa Navarino resort in Messenia, Greece, the FIS submitted several additional events for consideration, including a proposal to make telemark skiing an Olympic discipline for the first time in Beijing, with proposed competitions to include the men's and women's parallel sprint and a mixed team parallel sprint. The Congress also approved to submit the aerials mixed team event, and several new snowboarding events: the men and women's snowboard cross team event; a mixed team alpine parallel event; the men's and women's parallel special slalom; and a mixed team parallel special slalom event.[67] The individual parallel special slalom events were featured at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, but were dropped from the Olympic program in 2018 to make way for the snowboarding big air competitions.

The International Luge Federation (FIL) proposed the addition of six new events, including natural track luge (men's and women's singles), a women's doubles competition on the artificial track, and sprint events (men, women, and doubles) on the artificial track.[68]

The International Skating Union (ISU) continued to campaign for the addition of synchronized skating as a new event within the discipline of figure skating.[69] The ISU also proposed a new mixed team event in short track speed skating.[70]

In biathlon, a single mixed relay was proposed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU) to complement the four-person mixed relay that featured at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Also, the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) proposed a new team event, but there was no plan to introduce a four-woman bobsleigh event despite the recommendation from the federation's executive board to propose such an event in the interests of gender equality.

In July 2018, the IOC announced changes to the program for the 2022 Winter Olympics as part of a goal to increase the participation of women, and appeal to younger audiences. Seven new medal events were added (expanding the total program to 109 events), including men's and women's big air freestyle, women's monobob, mixed team competitions in freestyle skiing aerials, ski jumping, and snowboard cross, and the mixed relay in short track speed skating.[71] Women's Nordic combined was not added; Nordic combined remains the only Winter Olympic sport only contested by men.[72]

Participating National Olympic Committees

On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for four years, after the Russian government was found to have tampered with lab data that it provided to WADA in January 2019 as a condition of the Russian Anti-Doping Agency being reinstated. As a result of the ban, WADA planned to allow individually cleared Russian athletes to take part in the 2020 Summer Olympics under a neutral banner, as instigated at the 2018 Winter Olympics, but they were not permitted to compete in team sports. WADA Compliance Review Committee head Jonathan Taylor stated that the IOC would not be able to use "Olympic Athletes from Russia" (OAR) again, as it did in 2018, emphasizing that neutral athletes cannot be portrayed as representing a specific country.[73] [74] [75] Russia later filed an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) against the WADA decision.[76]

After reviewing the case on appeal, CAS ruled on 17 December 2020 to reduce the penalty WADA had placed on Russia. Instead of banning Russia from sporting events, the ruling allowed Russia to participate in the Olympics and other international events, but for two years, the team cannot use the Russian name, flag, or anthem and must present themselves as "Neutral Athlete" or "Neutral Team." The ruling does allow for team uniforms to display "Russia" on the uniform as well as the use of the Russian flag colors within the uniform's design, although the name should be up to equal predominance as the "Neutral Athlete/Team" designation.[77]

On 19 February 2021, it was announced that Russia would compete under the acronym "ROC" after the name of the Russian Olympic Committee although the name of the committee itself in full could not be used to refer to the delegation. Russia would be represented by the flag of the Russian Olympic Committee.[78]

On 8 September 2021, the IOC Executive Board suspended the Olympic Committee of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) through at least the end of 2022 for violations of the Olympic Charter, over its refusal to send athletes to the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo due to COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns. North Korean athletes would be allowed to participate under the Olympic flag.[79] [80] [81] [82] However, North Korean Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee said in a letter to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, the Chinese Olympic Committee, and the General Administration of Sport of China on 7 January 2022 that "Due to the "action of hostile forces" and the COVID-19 pandemic, they would not be able to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics."[83] In addition, the North Korean Olympic Committee said "supports all the work of our comrades in China to host a grand and wonderful Olympics. The United States and its followers are plotting anti-Chinese conspiracies to obstruct the successful hosting of the Olympics, but this is an insult to the spirit of the Olympic Charter and an act to damage China's international image. We firmly oppose and reject these actions."[84]

The following 91 National Olympic Committees have qualified athletes (two fewer than four years earlier), with Haiti and Saudi Arabia making their Winter Olympic débuts.[85] [86] Kenya qualified one athlete, but withdrew.[87]

Participating National Olympic Committees
NOCs that participated in 2018, but did not in 2022.[178] NOCs that participated in 2022, but did not in 2018.

Number of athletes by National Olympic Committee

2,871 athletes from 91 NOCs:

Calendar

See also: Chronological summary of the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Medal table

See main article: 2022 Winter Olympics medal table. Norway finished at the top of the medal table for the second successive Winter Olympics, winning a total of 37 medals, of which 16 were gold, setting a new record for the largest number of gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics.[4] Germany finished second with 12 golds and 27 medals overall. United States finished third with 9 golds and 25 medals overall, and the host nation China finished fourth with nine gold medals, marking their most successful performance in Winter Olympics history.[4] The team representing the ROC ended up with the second largest number of medals won at the Games, with 32, but finished ninth on the medal table, as only five gold medals were won by the delegation. Traditional Winter powerhouse Canada; despite having won 26 medals, only four of them were gold, resulting in a finish outside the top ten in the medal table for the first time since 1988 (34 years).[182] [183]

Podium sweeps

!Date!Sport!Event!Team!Gold!Silver!Bronze!Ref
15 FebruaryBobsleighTwo-man bobFrancesco Friedrich
Thorsten Margis		Johannes Lochner
Florian Bauer		Christoph Hafer
Matthias Sommer		[184]

Changes in medal standings

See also: List of stripped Olympic medals. On 29 January 2024, CAS disqualified Kamila Valieva for four years retroactive to 25 December 2021 for an anti-doping rule violation.[185] On 30 January 2024, the ISU reallocated medals in the figure skating team event to upgrade the United States to gold and Japan to silver while downgrading ROC to bronze.[186]

Marketing

See main article: 2022 Winter Olympics marketing.

Emblem

The emblem for the 2022 Winter Olympics, "Winter Dream" (冬梦), was unveiled on 15 December 2017 at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. Designed by Lin Cunzhen (who previously designed the emblem of the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics in Nanjing), the emblem is a stylised rendition of the Chinese character for winter (冬) as a multi-coloured ribbon, reflecting upon the landscapes of the host region. The beginning of the ribbon symbolizes an ice skater, while the end of the ribbon symbolizes a skier. The emblem carries a blue, red, and yellow colour scheme: the latter two colours represent both the flag of China, and "passion, youth, and vitality".[187]

Mascot

See main article: Bing Dwen Dwen and Shuey Rhon Rhon. Bing Dwen Dwen was the mascot of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Bing Dwen Dwen was chosen from thousands of Chinese designs in 35 countries worldwide. "Bing" (冰) means ice in Chinese, and was meant to suggest purity and strength. "Dwen Dwen" (墩墩) was meant to suggest robustness, liveliness, and youth. Bing Dwen Dwen's astronaut-like clothes implied that the Winter Olympics embraced new technologies and created possibilities.[188]

Slogan

The Games' official slogan, "Together for a Shared Future", was announced on 17 September 2021; organisers stated that the slogan was intended to reflect "the power of the Games to overcome global challenges as a community".[189]

The slogan was compared in media with Chinese leader Xi Jinping's policy slogan: 'Building the Common Future of Humanity'.[190]

Viewership

Broadcasting

See main article: List of 2022 Winter Olympics broadcasters.

In China, domestic rights to these Games were owned by China Media Group (CMG), with rights being sublicensed by China Mobile's Migu streaming service.[193] In some countries, broadcast rights to the 2022 Winter Olympics were already agreed upon through existing long-term deals. In France and the United Kingdom, these were the first Games where Eurosport would be the main rightsholder; the BBC sub-licensed a limited amount of coverage on free-to-air television, as part of a deal in which the BBC sold the pay-TV rights to the 2018 and 2020 Games to Eurosport.[194] [195] In January 2022, the BBC announced it would broadcast over 300 hours of free-to-air live coverage, as well as highlights programmes.[196] [197]

The scheduling of the Games impacted the U.S. broadcast rights to the Super Bowl—the championship game of the National Football League (NFL), and historically the most-watched television broadcast in the United States annually—as the game's date fell within an ongoing Olympic Games for the first time in its history. Under the NFL's broadcast rights at the time, the rights to the Super Bowl alternated annually between CBS, Fox, and long-time Olympic broadcaster NBC (whose last Super Bowl also fell in a Winter Olympic year, but was held prior to the opening ceremony).[198] To prevent the Games from competing for viewership and advertising sales with Super Bowl LVI—which was scheduled for 13 February 2022 at Los Angeles' SoFi Stadium—CBS and NBC announced in March 2019 that they would invert the rights for Super Bowl LVI and LV (2021), so that both the 2022 Winter Olympics and Super Bowl LVI would be broadcast by NBC.[199] [200] In a break from the established practice of airing premieres or special episodes of entertainment programmes after the Super Bowl to take advantage of its large audience, NBC aired its prime time coverage for Day 10 of the Games immediately following Super Bowl LVI.[201] Furthermore, the NFL's new media rights beginning in 2023 extends the Super Bowl rotation to four networks by adding ABC, thus codifying this scenario by giving NBC rights to the Super Bowl in 2026, 2030, and 2034.[202] [203]

These Games also confirmed an ongoing trend in U.S. viewership of the Olympics; while television viewership had seen a further decline, they were offset by increases in social media engagement and streaming viewership of the Games. Similar trends were seen in Europe, where amidst falling TV ratings Eurosport reported an eight-fold increase in streaming viewership on its platforms and Discovery+ over Pyeongchang 2018.[204] [205] [206]

Concerns and controversies

See main article: Concerns and controversies at the 2022 Winter Olympics. During the bidding process, critics questioned the Beijing bid, arguing that the proposed outdoor venue sites do not have reliable snowfall in winter for snow sports. Concerns have been raised that snow may need to be transported to the venues at great cost and with uncertain environmental consequences.[207] [208]

Additional concerns about weather conditions were raised during certain events. Swedish athlete Frida Karlsson nearly collapsed after the women's skiathlon due to low temperatures. Afterwards, the Swedes considered putting in a request for races to be moved to earlier in the day, stating that the afternoons and early evenings scheduled for European TV audiences were hurting the performance of the athletes.[209]

As in 2008, activists, human rights groups, and diplomats made calls to boycott the Olympic Games when hosted by China. In the aftermath of the 2019 leak of the Xinjiang papers, the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests, and the persecution of Uyghurs in China,[210] [211] calls were made for a boycott of the 2022 Games.[212] [213] [214] Because of these issues, the selection of an athlete from Xinjiang as part of the final torchbearers received a mixed reaction.[215] [216]

In February 2021, the Chinese Communist Party-owned tabloid Global Times warned that China could "seriously sanction any country that follows a boycott."[217] [218] In March 2021, Chinese spokesperson Guo Weimin stated that any attempt to boycott the Olympics would be doomed to fail.[219] China's Foreign Minister Wang Yi also told the EU's foreign policy chief Josep Borrell that they should attend the games to "enhance exchanges on winter sport", and to "foster new highlights" in bilateral cooperation.[220]

The IOC stated that it remains neutral in all global political issues and that the award of hosting the games does not signal agreement with the host country's political or social situation or its human rights standards. The committee's response to Agence France-Presse read: "We've repeatedly said it: the IOC isn't responsible for the government. It only gives the rights and opportunity for the staging of the Olympic Games. That doesn't mean we agree with all the politics, all the social or human rights issues in the country. And it doesn't mean we approve of all the human rights violations of a person or people." The statement attracted criticism, with Pacific University professor Jules Boykoff accusing the IOC of "hypocrisy".

On 19 November 2021, a group of 17 members of the Lithuanian national parliament Seimas released an official letter encouraging Lithuania to withdraw from the 2022 Winter Olympics due to human rights violations in China.[221] On 3 December 2021, Lithuania was the first nation to announce a diplomatic boycott of the games.[222]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in late February 2022, The New York Times published a report alleging that China requested Russia to delay the invasion until after the Olympics to avoid damaging the Games' public image.[223] Russia invaded Ukraine just four days after the Games' Closing Ceremony. Liu Pengyu, spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, has rejected the claims as "speculations without any basis, and intended to blame-shift and smear China".[224]

American diplomatic boycott

The United States boycott of China's Winter Olympics was predominantly due to China's human rights issues on topics such as the systematic oppression of the Uyghurs, Tibetans and the riots in Hong Kong in 2019.[225] The Chinese government implemented many coercive activities in those regions, such as the reeducation camps, mass detention camps, and restricted access to social media.

Key event timeline

In October 2018, American senator Marco Rubio, Senator Jeff Merkley, and Congressmen Jim McGovern and Chris Smith sent a letter, on behalf of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China (CECC), to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) requesting the revocation of China's host right on the 2022 Winter Olympics.[226] The letter stated that "no Olympics should be held in a country whose government is committing genocide and crimes against humanity."

In November 2021, President Biden proposed "a diplomatic boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics."[227] The United States was aware of the prospective harsh punishment of being suspended by the National Olympic Committee and was careful regarding the scale and severity of the boycott.[227]

In December 2021, the Biden administration officially initiated a diplomatic boycott of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, restricting United States government officials' presence at the games.[228] The attendance of Team USA athletes was not affected by the diplomatic boycott.

Reactions

The IOC remained relatively neutral regarding the letter from CECC or the boycott.[229] The IOC negotiated with the Chinese government on specific protocols to ensure the Olympic Games ran smoothly, such as providing unrestricted internet access to foreign journalists.

From China's perspective, the United States was "politicizing sports" with the Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.[230] The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, accused the United States of violating the spirit of political neutrality endorsed in the Olympic Charter, emphasizing that an Olympic game should not be a place for political posturing and manipulation.[231] China announced that the United States was not yet officially invited by the host committee; thus, the United States should not have initiated the boycott in the first place.[232]

Following the United States, many countries in the Western world decided to join the diplomatic boycott to show disapproval of China's human rights issues.

Environmental impact

An estimated of water was expected to be used to create snow at the various venues. Pyeongchang, South Korea, which held the previous Winter Olympics, also had a cold but similarly arid climate that required vast quantities of artificial snow. Professor Carmen de Jong, a geographer at the University of Strasbourg, argued that these would be the "most unsustainable" Winter Olympics in history. The IOC stated that "a series of water-conserving and recycling designs have been put into place to optimize water usage for snowmaking, human consumption, and other purposes.[233]

Artificial snow forms a harder piste compared to real snow. It is often favoured by professionals for being fast and "hyper-grippy" but also raises their fear of falling on it.[234] American snowboarder Jamie Anderson compared it to "pretty bulletproof ice" while her teammate Courtney Rummel compared it to the man-made snow in Wisconsin. According to Jules Boykoff in February 2022, Beijing's electricity came largely from coal and this coal power was what supported the construction of some Olympic venues. To offset emissions from construction and air travel, China had planted roughly 60 million trees.[235]

Sporting controversies

There were concerns about decisions and disqualification in several events during the games. These issues included the following:

Athlete and officials complaints

The food and overall conditions in quarantine hotels given to athletes testing positive for COVID-19 were criticised early on.[252] [253] Team officials from delegations including Belgium, Germany, Poland, Finland and the Russian Olympic Committee all brought up issues their athletes faced in quarantine hotels, among them were the lack of internet connections, low-quality food, insufficient facilities and no training equipment.[254] [255] [256]

With China's Zero-COVID policy, there were issues raised about the process of quarantine at the games. On 2 February, Belgian skeleton athlete Kim Meylemans posted on social media and was in tears about the conditions she faced while in quarantine.[257] [258] According to Newsweek and Time, the hotels' conditions appeared to have improved after the athletes' complaints were made public.[259]

There were some complaints about the food served outside of quarantine. Germany's alpine coach Christian Schweiger called the catering "extremely questionable" for not having hot meals but he echoed athletes from several nations that the food at the nearby Athletes' Village was great. The US and South Korean teams elected to bring their own food.[260] Austrian skier Matthias Mayer said that Kitzbuehel would have offered "the best of the best" but also that a hot meal right before a race might not bring out top performances.[261] [262]

Other complaints included low temperatures and related safety concerns. Sweden's Frida Karlsson nearly collapsed at the conclusion of the women's skiathlon cross-country race. Afterwards, her team considered requesting that races held in afternoons and evenings for European TV audiences be moved to earlier during the day.[209] [263] Some athletes resorted to putting tape on their faces and noses to protect them from the bitter cold.[264] Heavy snowfall disrupted a number of competition and training events on 13 February. Thirty-three skiers did not finish their first run of the men's giant slalom. Henrik Kristoffersen of Norway said that he "couldn't see shit." Switzerland's Loic Meillard said, "It's not what I was hoping for but it's part of the game ... we've raced in conditions like that before."[265]

See also

External links

Notes and References

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  76. Russia Confirms It Will Appeal 4-Year Olympic Ban. 27 December 2019. Time. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20191227213853/https://time.com/5756077/russia-olympic-ban-appeal/. 27 December 2019.
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  81. News: North Korea suspended from IOC until end of 2022. 8 September 2021. CBC Sports. 8 September 2021. en. 8 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210908181400/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/olympics-north-korea-1.6168209. live.
  82. Web site: North Korea banned from Beijing 2022 after IOC suspends NOC. 8 September 2021. Inside the Games. 8 September 2021. en. 8 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210908174539/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1112768/ioc-suspends-north-korea-noc-beijing2022. live.
  83. News: North Korea, already banned from 2022 Olympics, announces it will not send team. 7 January 2022. Special Broadcasting Service. 7 January 2021. en. 7 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220107055030/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/north-korea-already-banned-from-2022-olympics-announces-it-will-not-send-team/ce649287-5e2e-46de-abee-6a750f776e37. live.
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  85. Web site: Haïti Pour La Première Fois De Son Histoire Qualifié Aux Jo D'hiver en 2022 !. Haiti for the First Time in Its History Qualified for the Winter Olympics in 2022!. fr. Haitiski.com/. Haiti Ski Federation. 15 January 2022. 10 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211210203709/https://www.haitiski.com/events/haiti-qualifie-pour-les-jo-de-beijing2022/. live.
  86. Web site: Haiti and Saudi Arabia to debut at Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics as Alpine skiers qualify. Pavitt. Michael. 17 December 2021. Insidethegames.biz/. Dunsar Media Ltd.. 17 December 2021. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117211729/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117911/haiti-saudi-arabia-beijing-2022-skiing. live.
  87. Web site: Ayodi. Ayumba. Kenya withdraws from Beijing Winter Olympics. Daily Nation. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119151628/https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/other-sports/kenya-withdraws-from-beijing-winter-olympics-3686330. live.
  88. News: 17 January 2022. Denni Xhepa represents Albania at the Beijing Winter Olympics. Oculus News. 17 January 2022. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117223332/https://www.ocnal.com/2022/01/denni-xhepa-represents-albania-at.html. live.
  89. Web site: American Samoa NOC commends first Winter Olympic athlete since 1994. Burke. Patrick. 23 January 2022. www.insidethegames.biz/. Dunsar Media Ltd.. 23 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123145841/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118178/american-samoa-beijing-2022. live.
  90. Web site: Presentació de la vestimenta de la delegació andorrana dels JO d'hivern de Beijing 2022 a la seu central de Andbank. Presentation of the attire of the Andorran delegation of the Beijing Winter Olympics 2022 at the Andbank headquarters. ca. 19 January 2022. www.coa.ad/. Andorran Olympic Committee. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119163922/http://www.coa.ad/presentacio-de-la-vestimenta-de-la-delegacio-andorrana-dels-jo-dhivern-de-beijing-2022-a-la-seu-central-de-andbank/. live.
  91. Web site: Delegación Argentina en Los Juegos Olímpicos De Invierno Beijing 2022. Argentine Delegation at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. es. 18 January 2022. www.coarg.org.ar/. Argentine Olympic Committee. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119155404/https://coarg.org.ar/component/k2/item/9597-delegacion-argentina-en-los-juegos-olimpicos-de-invierno-beijing-2022. live.
  92. Web site: Beijing 2022: Armenia to have six representatives at Winter Olympics. Ghazanchyan. Siranush. 18 January 2022. En.armradio.am/. Public Radio of Armenia. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118135250/https://en.armradio.am/2022/01/18/beijing-2022-armenia-to-have-six-representatives-at-winter-olympics/. live.
  93. News: Robinson. Georgina. 23 January 2022. Australia's winter Olympians target bronze, silver and gold. The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney, Australia. 23 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123085333/https://www.smh.com.au/sport/australia-s-winter-olympians-target-bronze-silver-and-gold-20220123-p59qk8.html. live.
  94. Web site: Olympic Team Austria wächst auf 106 Aktive. Olympic Team Austria grows to 106 active members. German. 24 January 2022. www.olympia.at/. Austrian Olympic Committee. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124220129/https://www.olympia.at/main.asp?kat1=64&kat2=699&kat3=735&DDate=24012022&NID=31493. live.
  95. Web site: "Pekin-2022" Qış Olimpiya Oyunlarına həsr olunan rəsmi təqdimat mərasimi keçirilib.. An official presentation ceremony dedicated to the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics has been held.. az. 18 January 2022. www.olympic.az/. National Olympic Committee of the Azerbaijani Republic. 19 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120010952/https://www.olympic.az/news/pekin-2022-qis-olimpiya-oyunlarina-hesr-olunan-resmi-teqdimat-merasimi-kecirilib. live.
  96. Web site: Белорусы получили дополнительную лицензию на Игры в Пекин. Belarusians received an additional license for the Beijing Games. ru. 21 January 2022. www.noc.by. Belarus Olympic Committee. 22 January 2022. 22 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220122181827/https://www.noc.by/news/belorusy-poluchili-dopolnitelnuyu-litsenziyu-na-igry-v-pekin/. live.
  97. Web site: Kohlhuber. Nicolas. La sélection belge pour les Jeux Olympiques d'hiver de Beijing 2022. The Belgian selection for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. fr. 21 January 2022. www.olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 21 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121145513/https://olympics.com/fr/infos/selection-belgique-jeux-olympiques-hiver-beijing-2022. live.
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  99. Web site: BIH Olimpijski Tim Beijing 2022. BIH Olympic Team Beijing 2022. Bosnian. 21 January 2022. www.okbih.ba/. Olympic Committee of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 21 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121222827/https://okbih.ba/bs/novosti/bih-olimpijski-tim-beijing-2022/1785. live.
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  102. Web site: By the Numbers: Team Canada heading into the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. Nichols. Paula. 28 January 2022. www.olympic.ca/. Canadian Olympic Committee. 28 January 2022. 28 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220128160751/https://olympic.ca/2022/01/28/by-the-numbers-team-canada-heading-into-the-beijing-2022-olympic-winter-games/. live.
  103. Web site: Team Chile competirá con cuatro deportistas en Beijing. Team Chile will compete with four athletes in Beijing. es. 19 January 2022. www.coch.cl/. Chilean Olympic Committee. 19 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120010952/https://coch.cl/team-chile-competira-con-cuatro-deportistas-en-beijing/. live.
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  105. Web site: Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno y los colombianos clasificados. Winter Olympics and Colombians Qualified. es. Zabala. Daniel. 20 January 2022. www.lafm.com.co/. La FM. 22 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120233247/https://www.lafm.com.co/deportes/juegos-olimpicos-de-invierno-y-los-colombianos-clasificados. live.
  106. Web site: 11 athletes to represent Croatia at Winter Olympics. 24 January 2022. www.croatiaweek.com/. Croatia Week. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124151317/https://www.croatiaweek.com/11-athletes-to-represent-croatia-at-winter-olympics/. live.
  107. News: Liu. Lanting. 25 January 2022. One Cypriot to take part in 2022 Winter Olympics. Cyprus Mail. Nicosia, Cyprus. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125150824/https://cyprus-mail.com/2022/01/25/one-cypriot-to-take-part-in-2022-winter-olympics/. live.
  108. Web site: Czech Republic name record-size Winter Olympic team and reveal Beijing 2022 uniform. Houston. Michael. 18 January 2022. www.insidethegames.biz/. Dunsar Media Ltd.. 22 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123015208/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117942/czech-republic-beijing-2022. live.
  109. Web site: Madeleine Dupont og Frans Nielsen er Danmarks OL-fanebærere. Madeleine Dupont and Frans Nielsen are Denmark's Olympic flag bearers. da. 20 January 2022. www.dif.dk/. National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark. 20 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120133509/https://www.dif.dk/nyheder/2022/01/madeleine-dupont-og-frans-nielsen-er-danmarks-ol-fanebaerere. live.
  110. Web site: Sarah Escobar: "Quiero compartir mi sueño olímpico con todos los ecuatorianos". Sarah Escobar: "I want to share my Olympic dream with all Ecuadorians". es. 7 January 2022. www.coe.org.ec/. Ecuadorian National Olympic Committee. 19 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120010952/https://coe.org.ec/noticias/detalle-noticia/?id=NEW-508cac65-116b-49e9-aa65-fee3480cfbb5%2F. live.
  111. Web site: Watta. Evelyn. African stars to watch at Beijing 2022. 28 January 2022. www.olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 22 January 2022. 29 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220129023956/https://olympics.com/en/news/african-stars-to-watch-at-beijing-2022. live.
  112. News: 21 January 2022. Olympic Committee confirms national team for Beijing Olympics. Eesti Rahvusringhääling. Tallinn, Estonia. 22 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121132818/https://news.err.ee/1608474041/olympic-committee-confirms-national-team-for-beijing-olympics. live.
  113. Web site: Olympiajoukkue valittu – 95 urheilijaa edustaa Suomea Pekingin talvikisoissa. Olympic team selected – 95 athletes represent Finland at the Beijing Winter Games. Finnish. 24 January 2022. www.olympiakomitea.fi/. Finnish Olympic Committee. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124141757/https://www.olympiakomitea.fi/2022/01/24/olympiajoukkue-valittu-95-urheilijaa-edustaa-suomea-pekingin-talvikisoissa/. live.
  114. Web site: Les sélectionnés pour les Jeux Olympiques d'hiver de Pékin !. The selected athletes for the Olympic Winter Games in Beijing!. fr. 23 January 2022. www.equipedefrance.com. Comité national olympique et sportif français (CNOSF). 23 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123170732/https://www.equipedefrance.com/article/les-selectionnes-pour-les-jeux-olympiques-dhiver-de-pekin. live.
  115. Web site: სეოკ-ის აღმასრულებელი კომიტეტის სხდომაზე ზამთრის XXIV ოლიმპიურ თამაშებზე საქართველოს ოლიმპიური დელეგაციის პერსონალური შემადგენლობა დაამტკიცეს. The staff of the Georgian Olympic delegation to the XXIV Winter Olympic Games was approved at the session of the Executive Committee of the National Olympic Committee. Georgian. 26 January 2022. www.geonoc.org.ge/. Georgian National Olympic Committee. 26 January 2022. 27 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127013943/http://geonoc.org.ge/index.php?lang_id=GEO&sec_id=38&info_id=3839. live.
  116. News: In dieser Reihenfolge laufen die Nationen bei der Eröffnungsfeier ein. de. 4 February 2022. Faz.net. Frankfurter Allgemeine. 4 February 2022. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204124129/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/olympia-eroeffnungsfeier-2022-in-dieser-reihenfolge-laufen-die-nationen-ein-17779196.html. live.
  117. Web site: Feller hat Corona – Ski-Exot Mäder bei Olympia dabei. Feller has Corona – Ski-Exot Mäder at the Olympics. German. 21 January 2022. www.srf.ch/. Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 22 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121201357/https://www.srf.ch/sport/ski-alpin/ski-alpin-allgemein/news-aus-dem-skisport-feller-hat-corona-ski-exot-maeder-bei-olympia-dabei. live.
  118. News: 21 January 2022. Winter Olympics: Who is representing Team GB in Beijing?. BBC News. London, United Kingdom. 22 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121100102/https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-sports/59586119. live.
  119. Web site: Με πέντε αθλητές και αθλήτριες η Ελλάδα στους Χειμερινούς Ολυμπιακούς Αγώνες «Πεκίνο 2022». Greece with five athletes at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. greek. 20 January 2022. hoc.gr. Hellenic Olympic Committee. 20 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120150549/https://hoc.gr/el/node/3298. dead.
  120. News: 11 January 2022. Haiti – J.O. Beijing 2022 : D-24, The skier Richardson Viano will defend the colors of Haiti. HaitiLibre. 15 January 2022. 12 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220112100106/https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-35688-haiti-jo-beijing-2022-d-24-the-skier-richardson-viano-will-defend-the-colors-of-haiti.html. live.
  121. News: Chan. Kin-wa. 10 December 2021. Beijing 2022: Hong Kong set to send largest-ever squad for Winter Olympics – three athletes. South China Morning Post. Hong Kong. 16 January 2022. 14 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220114184009/https://www.scmp.com/sport/hong-kong/article/3159273/beijing-2022-hong-kong-set-send-largest-ever-squad-winter-olympics. live.
  122. Web site: Olimpiai indulókról döntött a Magyar Sí Szövetség. The Hungarian Ski Association has decided on Olympic starters. hu. 18 January 2022. Olimpia.hu/. Hungarian Olympic Committee. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118195102/http://olimpia.hu/olimpiai-indulokrol-dontott-a-magyar-si-szovetseg. live.
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  124. News: Chaudhury. Dipanjan Roy. 17 January 2022. India to participate in Beijing Winter Olympics sans high-level political presence. The Economic Times. Mumbai, India. 17 January 2022. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034222/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/india-to-participate-in-beijing-winter-olympics-sans-high-level-political-presence/articleshow/88941925.cms. live.
  125. News: 16 January 2022. Iran to send three skiers to 2022 Winter Olympics. Tehran Times. Tehran, Iran. 16 January 2022. 16 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220116130723/https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/469129/Iran-to-send-three-skiers-to-2022-Winter-Olympics. live.
  126. News: O'Riordan. Ian. 24 January 2022. Ireland names six-strong Beijing Winter Olympics team. The Irish Times. Dublin. Ireland. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124131026/https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/ireland-names-six-strong-beijing-winter-olympics-team-1.4784457. live.
  127. News: Aharoni. Oren. נקבעה המשלחת הישראלית למשחקי החורף בבייג'ין 2022. The Israeli delegation for the 2022 Beijing Winter Games has been determined. 24 January 2022. Israel Hayom. Hebrew. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124144729/https://www.israelhayom.co.il/sport/other-sports/article/7303661. live.
  128. Web site: Ecco l'Italia Team per Pechino 2022, 118 atleti azzurri in gara in Cina. Here is the Italy Team for Beijing 2022, 118 Italian athletes competing in China. it. 24 January 2022. www.coni.it/. Italian Olympic Committee. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124174717/https://www.coni.it/it/news/18934-ecco-l-italia-team-per-pechino,-118-gli-atleti-azzurri-in-gara-cina.html. live.
  129. News: Butterfield. Michelle. 19 January 2022. Jamaica's 4-man bobsled team makes Olympics for 1st time in over 20 years. Global News. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222029/https://globalnews.ca/news/8523956/jamaican-bobsled-team-qualifies-beijing-winter-olympics/. live.
  130. News: 21 January 2022. Japan names Miho Takagi as team captain for Beijing Games. The Japan Times. Tokyo, Japan. 23 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123150204/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2022/01/21/olympics/winter-olympics/takagi-named-captain/. live.
  131. Web site: Kazakhstan to spend about US$525,000 on Beijing Olympics. Zhanmukhanova. Assem. 25 January 2022. www.qazaqtv.com/. Kazakh TV. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222032/https://qazaqtv.com/en/news/business/16928-kazakhstan-to-spend-about-us-525-000-on-beijing-olympics. live.
  132. News: 18 January 2022. Kiana Kryeziu and Albin Tahiri will represent Kosovo in LOD Beijing 2022. Kosova Press. Pristina, Kosovo. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118233003/https://kosovapress.com/en/kiana-kryeziu-and-albin-tahiri-will-represent-kosovo-in-lod-beijing-2022/. live.
  133. News: Makeshov. Kabyl. 20 January 2022. Кыргызстан кышкы олимпиада оюндарында. Kyrgyzstan at the Winter Olympics. ky. BBC News. London, United Kingdom. 20 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121044318/https://www.bbc.com/kyrgyz/articles/cd8er3k87j5o. live.
  134. Web site: Lebanese Olympic Committee Keen for Closer Cooperation With Chinese Olympic Committee. 21 January 2022. www.anocolympic.org/. Association of National Olympic Committees. 21 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121163734/https://www.anocolympic.org/noc-highlights/lebanese-olympic-committee-keen-for-closer-cooperation-with-chinese-olympic-committee/. live.
  135. Web site: Team Liechtenstein selektioniert!. Team Liechtenstein selected!. de. 18 January 2022. www.olympic.li/. Liechtenstein Olympic Committee. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119223918/https://www.olympic.li/en-us/news/newsdetail.aspx?shmid=453&shact=742427147&shmiid=jicR2I6bTYU__eql__. live.
  136. Web site: Žiemos olimpinės rinktinės paveikslas: rekordinė dalyvių gausa, didžiausios viltys ir likę nežinomieji. Picture of the Winter Olympic team: record number of participants, highest hopes and remaining unknowns. lt. Suslavičius. Rokas. 16 January 2022. www.lrt.lt/. Lithuanian National Radio and Television. 22 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123015208/https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/sportas/10/1589786/ziemos-olimpines-rinktines-paveikslas-rekordine-dalyviu-gausa-didziausios-viltys-ir-like-nezinomieji. live.
  137. Web site: Composition du Team Lëtzebuerg pour les JO Beijing 2022. Composition of Team Luxembourg for the Beijing 2022 Olympics. fr. 19 January 2022. www.teamletzebuerg.lu/. Luxembourg Olympic and Sporting Committee. 19 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120010952/http://teamletzebuerg.lu/2022/01/composition-du-team-letzebuerg-pour-les-jo-beijing-2022-2/. live.
  138. News: fr. Beijing Winter Olympics 2022: Meeting between Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko and Zhang Wei. 15 January 2022. JO 2022 Hiver Pékin : Rencontre entre Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko et Zhang Wei. Midi Madagasikara. Antananarivo, Madagascar. 16 January 2022. 15 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043943/https://www.midi-madagasikara.mg/sports/2022/01/15/jo-2020-hiver-pekin-rencontre-entre-siteny-randrianasoloniaiko-et-zhang-wei/. live.
  139. News: 19 January 2022. OCM confident 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics will be a success. Bernama. Kauala Lumpur, Malaysia. 19 January 2022. Malaysia will be represented by two alpine skiers – Jeffrey Webb, 23, in men's slalom and Aruwin Idami Salehhuddin, 17, in women's slalom and giant slalom – at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics.. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119162158/https://www.bernama.com/en/sports/news.php?id=2044787. live.
  140. Web site: Jenise Spiteri to carry Maltese Flag at Beijing Winter Olympics. 18 January 2022. Nocmalta.org/. Maltese Olympic Committee. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118234118/https://nocmalta.org/jenise-spiteri-to-carry-maltese-flag-at-beijing-winter-olympics/. live.
  141. Web site: Confirman delegación tricolor para Juegos Invernales. Tricolor delegation confirmed for Winter Games. es. 18 January 2022. Elporvenir.mx/. El Porvenir. 18 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118032317/https://elporvenir.mx/deportes/confirman-delegacion-tricolor-para-juegos-invernales/351335. live.
  142. Web site: Doina Descalui va fi portdrapelul Republicii Moldova la Jocurile Olimpice de la Beijing. Doina Descalui will be the flag bearer of the Republic of Moldova at the Beijing Olympic Games. Romanian. 26 January 2022. www.olympic.md/. National Olympic Committee of the Republic of Moldova. 26 January 2022. 26 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220126165113/https://olympic.md/doina-descalui-va-fi-portdrapelul-republicii-moldova-la-jocurile-olimpice-de-la-beijing/. live.
  143. News: Boisaubert. Romain. 19 January 2022. Meet the Monegasque athletes who will compete in the Beijing Winter Olympics. Monaco Tribune. Monaco. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119145626/https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/2022/01/meet-the-monegasque-athletes-who-will-compete-in-the-beijing-winter-olympics/. live.
  144. News: Anudari. M. 13 January 2022. Two Mongolian athletes qualify for Winter Olympics. Montsame. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. 15 January 2022. 15 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044441/https://montsame.mn/en/read/286813. live.
  145. Web site: Winter Olympic Games "Beijing 2022". 18 January 2022. Cok.me/. Montenegrin Olympic Committee. 18 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119041715/https://www.cok.me/en/news/item/2132-winter-olympic-games-beijing-2022. live.
  146. News: Ichi. Abderrahmane. 19 January 2022. JO d'hiver de Pékin : le Maroc sera représenté par Yassine Aouich. Beijing Winter Olympics: Morocco will be represented by Yassine Aouich. fr. Le Matin. Casablanca, Morocco. 22 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123015211/https://lematin.ma/express/2022/abderrahim-kemmissa-yassine-aouich-qualifies-aux-jo-hiver/370734.html. live.
  147. News: Gekwalificeerde sporters Olympische Winterspelen Beijing 2022. Qualified athletes Olympic Wintergames Beijing 2022. nl. 24 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119205758/https://teamnl.org/gekwalificeerde-sporters-olympische-winterspelen-beijing-2022. live.
  148. News: 20 January 2022. Beijing Winter Olympics: Biathlete Campbell Wright named to New Zealand team. The New Zealand Herald. Auckland, New Zealand. 22 January 2022. Campbell is the final athlete selected to the New Zealand Team for Beijing. Taking the total team size to 15.. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120223102/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/beijing-winter-olympics-biathlete-campbell-wright-named-to-new-zealand-team/Y5WVQUCGV2GG7YXTVWV2AY5GVU/. live.
  149. Web site: Kohlhuber. Nicolas. Samuel Ikpefan: From the French Alps to representing Nigeria at Beijing 2022. 9 December 2021. www.olympics.com/. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 15 January 2022. 16 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220116010718/https://olympics.com/en/news/samuel-ikpefan-nigeria-cross-country-skiing-olympic-winter-games-beijing-2022. live.
  150. Web site: ЗОИ ПЕКИНГ 2022. Beijing World 2022. mk. 18 January 2022. www.mok.org.mk/. Olympic Committee of North Macedonia. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119095433/https://mok.org.mk/site/newsdetails/%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3-2022. live.
  151. Web site: NOC Entries – Norway. Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. 13 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220206170456/https://olympics.com/beijing-2022/olympic-games/en/results/all-sports/noc-entries-norway.htm. 6 February 2022.
  152. News: Shah. Abdul Mohi. 7 January 2022. Karim to represent Pakistan as Mia pulls out. The News International. Karachi, Pakistan. 16 January 2022. 16 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220116212138/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/923123-karim-to-represent-pakistan-as-mia-pulls-out. live.
  153. News: 27 December 2021. Perú presente en Pekín 2022: Ornella Oettl Reyes clasificó a los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno. Peru present in Beijing 2022: Ornella Oettl Reyes qualified for the Winter Olympics. Spanish. La República. Lima, Peru. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125222033/https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/actualites/participation-de-la-delegation-marocaine-aux-jeux-olympiques-dhiver-beijing-2022. live.
  154. News: Valderrama. Aeron Paul. Asa Miller qualifies for 2022 Winter Olympics. 21 December 2021. Tiebreaker Times. 21 December 2021. 21 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211221052210/https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/asa-miller-qualifies-for-2022-winter-olympics/228427. live.
  155. Web site: Olympics: 57 Polish athletes selected to compete in Beijing. 24 January 2022. www.polskieradio.pl/. Radio Poland. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124114336/https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/7790/Artykul/2889774,Olympics-57%C2%A0Polish-athletes-selected-to-compete-in-Beijing. live.
  156. Web site: Equipa Portugal em ação nos Jogos Olímpicos Pequim 2022 a partir de 7 de fevereiro. Team Portugal in action at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Games from February 7. pt. 22 January 2022. www.comiteolimpicoportugal.pt/. Olympic Committee of Portugal. 22 January 2022. 23 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123034453/https://comiteolimpicoportugal.pt/noticias/detalhe-da-noticia/?id=NEW-82f5f29e-c021-4d4e-a831-9d532c200405. live.
  157. News: Hernandez. Sara Del Valle. 19 January 2022. Puerto Rico competirá en los Juegos Olímpicos de Invierno con dos atletas: ¿quiénes son y cómo clasificaron?. Puerto Rico will compete in the Winter Olympics with two athletes: who are they and how did they qualify. Spanish. El Nuevo Día. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 21 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121232234/https://www.elnuevodia.com/deportes/otros-deportes/notas/puerto-rico-competira-en-los-juegos-olimpicos-de-invierno-con-dos-atletas-quienes-son-y-como-clasificaron/. live.
  158. News: 24 January 2022. Putin Wishes Russian Athletes 'Triumph' at Beijing Olympics. Moscow Times. Moscow, Russia. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145317/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/01/25/putin-wishes-russian-athletes-triumph-at-beijing-olympics-a76150. live.
  159. News: 20 January 2022. The 22 athletes representing Romania at 2022 Winter Olympics, "heroes" to minister Eduard Novak. Agerpres. Bucharest, Romania. 23 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124001436/https://www.agerpres.ro/english/2022/01/20/the-22-athletes-representing-romania-at-2022-winter-olympics-heroes-to-minister-eduard-novak--851083. live.
  160. Web site: Olimpiadi Invernali: Gatti E Torsani Gli Atleti Che Gareggeranno a Pechino. Winter Olympics: Gatti and Torsani the Athletes Who Will Compete in Beijing. it. 17 January 2022. www.cons.sm/. Sammarinese National Olympic Committee. 20 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121030925/https://www.cons.sm/2022/01/17/olimpiadi-invernali-gatti-e-torsani-gli-atleti-che-gareggeranno-a-pechino/. live.
  161. News: 17 January 2022. Saudi Arabia set to name its first-ever athlete bound for Winter Olympic Games. TASS. Moscow, Russia. 17 January 2022. 18 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220118195601/https://tass.com/sport/1389113. live.
  162. Web site: Ovo je #TeamSerbia! Nevena Ignjatović i Marko Vukićević predstavljaju Srbiju u Pekingu. This is #TeamSerbia! Nevena Ignjatović and Marko Vukićević represent Serbia in Beijing. sr. 20 January 2022. www.oks.org.rs/. Olympic Committee of Serbia. 20 January 2022. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120114901/https://oks.org.rs/imamo-tim-srbija-za-peking/. live.
  163. Web site: Slovensko môže využiť 50 miesteniek pre Peking, pribudla jedna v bežeckom lyžovaní. Slovakia can use 50 places for Beijing, one in cross-country skiing has been added. sk. 19 January 2022. www.olympic.sk/. Slovak Olympic and Sports Committee. 20 January 2022. 5 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205145023/https://www.olympic.sk/clanok/slovensko-moze-vyuzit-50-miesteniek-pre-peking-pribudla-jedna-v-bezeckom-lyzovani. live.
  164. News: 18 January 2022. Over 40 athletes to represent Slovenia in Beijing. Slovenian Press Agency. Ljubljana, Slovenia. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124161151/https://english.sta.si/2990340/over-40-athletes-to-represent-slovenia-in-beijing. live.
  165. News: Yee. Jee-ho. 25 January 2022. S. Korea to send its 3rd-largest Winter Olympics team to Beijing 2022. Yonhap News Agency. Seoul, South Korea. 25 January 2022. 25 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220125155952/https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220125006800315. live.
  166. Web site: España acudirá a Beijing 2022 con catorce deportistas. Spain will attend Beijing 2022 with fourteen athletes. es. 21 January 2022. www.coe.es/. Spanish Olympic Committee. 21 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121125646/https://www.coe.es/noticias/detalle-noticia/NEW-7938e36c-d23e-463d-a665-ea205c3cabdf/espana-acudira-a-beijing-2022-con-catorce-deportistas/. live.
  167. Web site: Truppen klar – 116 ska tävla i Peking. The squad ready – 116 will compete in Beijing. Swedish. 24 January 2022. www.sok.se. Swedish Olympic Committee. 24 January 2022. 24 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220124080930/https://sok.se/pressmeddelanden/2022-01-24-truppen-klar---116-ska-tavla-i-peking.html. live.
  168. Web site: Die 167 selektionierten Schweizer auf einen Blick. de. 24 January 2022. www.srf.ch. Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen. 4 February 2022. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204172049/https://www.srf.ch/sport/beijing-2022/winterspiele-in-peking-die-167-selektionierten-schweizer-auf-einen-blick. live.
  169. News: Yen. William. 19 January 2022. Taiwan holds flag waving ceremony for Winter Olympic athletes. Central News Agency. Taipei, Taiwan. 25 January 2022. 27 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127042024/https://focustaiwan.tw/sports/202201190016. live.
  170. News: 18 January 2022. Thais to compete in Winter Olympics under national flag. Bangkok Post. Bangkok, Thailand. 19 January 2022. 12 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214724/https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2250027/thais-to-compete-in-winter-olympics-under-national-flag. live.
  171. News: Xanches. Hortencio. 6 January 2022. Timor – Leste will join the 2022 Winter Olympic event in China. Tatoli. Dili, East Timor. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119211725/http://www.tatoli.tl/en/2022/01/06/timor-leste-will-join-the-2022-winter-olympic-event-in-china/. live.
  172. News: Ramphal. Vidia. 19 January 2022. T&T returns to first Winter Olympics since 2002. Loop News. Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago. 19 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119211723/https://tt.loopnews.com/content/tt-returns-first-winter-olympics-2002. live.
  173. News: Tiryaki. Erkan. 19 January 2022. 2022 Pekin Kış Olimpiyatları'nda Türkiye'yi 7 sporcu temsil edecek. 7 athletes will represent Turkey at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. tr. Anadolu Agency. Ankara, Turkey. 22 January 2022. 19 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220119125133/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunyadan-spor/2022-pekin-kis-olimpiyatlarinda-turkiyeyi-7-sporcu-temsil-edecek/2479036. live.
  174. Web site: Україна на зимовій Олімпіаді матиме 43 представників: хто виступатиме. Ukraine will have 43 representatives at the Winter Olympics: who will perform. uk. 20 January 2022. www.sport.rayon.in.ua/. 20 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121000717/https://sport.rayon.in.ua/news/476712-ukraina-na-zimoviy-olimpiadi-matime-43-predstavnikiv-khto-vistupatime. live.
  175. Web site: U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee Announces 222-member 2022 U.S. Olympic Team. www.teamusa.org/. 24 January 2022 . United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee. 4 February 2022. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204091145/https://www.teamusa.org/News/2022/January/24/US-Olympic-Paralympic-Committee-Announces-222-Member-2022-US-Olympic-Team. live.
  176. Web site: Pekin-2022 Olimpiadasi haqida umumiy malumotlar. Vaqti, translyaciya va o'zbekistonlik sportchi. General information about the Beijing 2022 Olympics. Time, broadcast and Uzbek athlete. uz. 16 January 2022. www,olamsport.com/. OlamSport. 20 January 2022. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121002358/https://olamsport.com/oz/news/pekin-2022-olimpiadasi-haqida-umumiy-malumotlar-vaqti-translyaciya-va-ozbekistonlik-sportchi. live.
  177. News: Kiser. Bill. 26 January 2022. St.Thomas, Virgin Islands. Beijing Bound: Tannenbaum earns spot in 2022 Winter Games. The Virgin Islands Daily News. 26 January 2022. 26 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220126054546/http://www.virginislandsdailynews.com/sports/beijing-bound-tannenbaum-earns-spot-in-2022-winter-games/article_530f9033-66d8-52c0-9eed-f0f3d4d2d981.html. live.
  178. News: 2 February 2022. South Africa sending no one to Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. The South African. Lambley. Garrin. 5 February 2022. 5 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205175516/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/south-africa-sending-no-one-to-winter-olympics-beijing-china-xxiv-olympic-winter-games-latest-breaking-exclusive-sascoc-team-sa/. live.
  179. News: 13 January 2022. No Bermuda Team In 2022 Winter Olympics. Bernews. Hamilton, Bermuda. 15 January 2022. 14 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220114092518/https://bernews.com/2022/01/boa-president-dunne-on-2022-beijing-games/. live.
  180. News: 6 January 2022. North Korea Says It Will Skip Beijing Olympics Because of the Pandemic. The New York Times. 5 February 2022. 5 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205000916/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/06/world/asia/north-korea-beijing-olympics.html/. live.
  181. News: 4 February 2022. Tonga's Pita Taufatofua skips 2022 Winter Olympics to help home country recover from natural disasters. Fox News. 5 February 2022. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204190802/https://www.foxnews.com/sports/tonga-pita-taufatofua-skips-winter-olympics. live.
  182. News: Spencer. Donna. Canada caps COVID Olympic Winter Games in Beijing with 26 medals, including 4 gold. 20 February 2022. www.cbc.ca/. CBC Sports. 22 February 2022. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319113124/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/beijing-2022-team-canada-wrap-1.6358707. live.
  183. News: 20 February 2022. Canada finish outside medals top 10 for first time in 34 years. Diario AS. Madrid, Spain. 22 February 2022. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319113119/https://en.as.com/en/2022/02/20/olympic_games/1645368256_325990.html. live.
  184. Web site: Germany sweeps two-man bobsled podium with Friedrich, Lochner, Hafer. 15 February 2022. 15 February 2022. NBC Olympic broadcasts. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319113128/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/recap-two-man-final-heats. live.
  185. Web site: Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva banned for four years by Court of Arbitration for Sport . 29 January 2024 . 22 March 2024 . 18 March 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240318091146/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/29/sport/kamila-valieva-russia-skating-cas-ruling-spt-intl/index.html . live .
  186. Web site: 31 January 2024. BEIJING 2022 FIGURE SKATING TEAM EVENT RESULTS. live. 31 January 2024. International Olympic Committee. 22 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240322120735/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/beijing-2022/results/figure-skating/team-event.
  187. Web site: 15 December 2017. Beijing 2022 unveils official emblems. 26 January 2022. IOC. 27 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220127001712/https://olympics.com/en/news/beijing-2022-unveils-official-emblems. live.
  188. Web site: Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics Mascot. 25 November 2021. Olympics.com. 25 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211125075222/https://olympics.com/en/beijing-2022/mascot. live. "In Mandarin Chinese (the official dialect of China), "Bing" has several meanings, though the most common is ice. The word also symbolises purity and strength, while "Dwen Dwen" means robust and lively, and also represents children."
  189. Web site: 17 September 2021. Beijing 2022 reveals official motto: "Together for a Shared Future" – Olympic News. 7 October 2021. International Olympic Committee. en. 3 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220203190815/https://olympics.com/ioc/news/beijing-2022-reveals-official-motto-together-for-a-shared-future. live.
  190. Web site: 北京冬奥在新冠疫情与抵制下开幕 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204125715/https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-60256191 . 4 February 2022 . Brant . Robin . BBC中文 . 4 February 2022 . 1 June 2022.
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  193. Web site: 中国移动咪咕成中央广播电视总台奥运会、欧洲杯、冬奥会、世界杯赛事转播顶级合作伙伴. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210717021657/http://sports.xinhuanet.com/c/2020-12/09/c_1126841567.htm. 17 July 2021. 2 April 2021. xinhuanet.com.
  194. Web site: BBC dealt another blow after losing control of TV rights for Olympics. The Guardian. 29 June 2015. 30 June 2015. 3 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150703194229/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/jun/29/bbc-loses-control-olympic-tv-rights-discovery-eurosport. live.
  195. Web site: Olympics coverage to remain on BBC after Discovery deal. The Guardian. 2 February 2016. 7 June 2016. 12 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160812152157/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/feb/02/olympics-bbc-discovery-deal. live.
  196. Web site: 12 January 2022. Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games on the BBC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220112123020/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/beijing-2022-winter-olympic-games/. 12 January 2022. 18 January 2022. BBC. en-GB. BBC Sport to broadcast more than 300 hours of live coverage across BBC One and BBC Two, with even more on BBC iPlayer, Red Button and BBC Sport website.
  197. Web site: Max. Miller. 12 January 2022. BBC reveals 2022 Winter Olympics broadcast plans. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214724/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/broadcasting/bbc-reveals-2022-winter-olympics-broadcast-plans/5166499.article. 12 February 2022. 18 January 2022. Broadcastnow. en-GB. There will be over 300 hours of live coverage on BBC1 and BBC2.
  198. News: Spain . Kevin . May 9, 2017 . NBC looking to sell Super Bowl, Olympics ad combos . . live . November 26, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201073637/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/super/2017/05/09/super-bowl-olympics-winter-advertising-pyeongchang-nbc/101469776/ . December 1, 2017.
  199. Web site: 13 March 2019. CBS, NBC in 'Freaky Friday' Super Bowl swap. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190320090601/https://adage.com/article/media/cbs-nbc-swap-super-bowls/316974/. 20 March 2019. 13 March 2019. adage.com. en.
  200. Web site: Steinberg. Brian. 13 March 2019. CBS, NBC to Swap Super Bowl Broadcasts. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190527010753/https://variety.com/2019/tv/news/cbs-nbc-swap-super-bowl-1203162667/. 27 May 2019. 13 March 2019. Variety. en.
  201. Web site: White. Peter. 12 November 2021. NBC To Air Olympics Coverage After Super Bowl LVI. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211112193405/https://deadline.com/2021/11/nbc-olympics-coverage-super-bowl-lvi-1234873167/. 12 November 2021. 12 November 2021. Deadline. en-US.
  202. Web site: 23 March 2021. The NFL's new broadcast rights deals. 15 February 2022. sportspromedia.
  203. News: Joe. Reedy. 6 February 2022. Super Bowl/Olympics Sunday about to become routine for NBC. Associated Press. 15 February 2022. When the NFL's 11-year television contract starts in 2023, NBC's spot in the Super Bowl rotation lines up the same year as the Winter Olympics.. 19 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230319113129/https://apnews.com/article/winter-olympics-super-bowl-los-angeles-rams-cincinnati-bengals-nfl-adb4dbb3f58cb3b1e35d21c45f6c6d60. live.
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  205. News: Paul. Farhi. 9 February 2022. NBC's Olympics ratings are terrible. That doesn't mean the Games are dying.. Washington Post. 26 March 2022. 11 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220211191528/https://www.washingtonpost.com/media/2022/02/09/nbc-olympics-ratings/. live.
  206. Web site: George Winslow . 2022-02-14 . Discovery Sees 'Massive Increases' in Winter Olympics Streaming in Europe . 2022-07-16 . TVTechnology . en . 3 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103142045/https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/discovery-sees-massive-increases-in-winter-olympics-streaming . live .
  207. Matt Schiavenza, "A Winter Olympics in a City Without Snow ", The Atlantic, 31 July 2015
  208. Tom Phillips, "Beijing promises to overcome lack of snow for 2022 Winter Olympics ", The Guardian, 31 July 2015
  209. News: Nasralla. Shadia. 6 February 2022. Alpine skiing-Cold food riles Germany coach, U.S. bring own pasta. Reuters. London, United Kingdom. 11 February 2022. 6 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220206065132/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/cross-country-skiing-swedes-seek-time-switch-over-biting-cold-2022-02-06/. live.
  210. Web site: Huge leaks are exposing Xinjiang's re-education camps. But don't expect Beijing to back down. 2 December 2019. Ben. Westcott. CNN International. 26 February 2020. 9 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200909151942/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/11/26/asia/china-xinjiang-leaks-analysis-intl-hnk/index.html. live .
  211. Web site: The Uyghers' plight is a humanitarian crisis. More must be done to help. 17 August 2020. 17 August 2020. Jerusalem Post. Kenneth. Bandler. 'It is a genocide,' says Turkel, adding that the 'purposeful prevention of population growth' is one of the legal definitions of genocide. 'In the last year, Uyghur population growth dropped by 24%, and in the previous three years by 84%.' ... If there is no significant change in Chinese government policy regarding the Uyghurs, Turkel would like to see the US boycott the Winter Olympics in Beijing in 2022.. 18 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200818180447/https://www.jpost.com/opinion/the-uyghers-plight-is-a-humanitarian-crisis-more-must-be-done-to-help-638990. live.
  212. Web site: The Case for Boycotting Beijing 2022. 8 August 2019. Evan. Karlik. The Diplomat. 27 November 2019. 3 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200503155623/https://thediplomat.com/2019/08/the-case-for-boycotting-beijing-2022/. live .
  213. Web site: Boycott the 2022 China Winter Olympics?. Montgomery. Marc. 10 June 2020. Radio Canada International. 17 July 2020. 18 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200818184356/https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2020/06/10/boycott-the-2022-china-winter-olympics/. live .
  214. News: Shih. Gerry. 8 October 2020. Beijing is planning to host another Olympics. Clashes over human rights are back, too.. 21 December 2020. The Washington Post. 15 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201215025137/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia-pacific/china-beijing-olympics-boycott-uighur/2020/10/07/e89bda44-0858-11eb-8719-0df159d14794_story.html. live.
  215. News: Buckley. Chris. Das. Andrew. 4 February 2022. In a provocative choice, China picks an athlete with a Uyghur name to help light the cauldron.. en-US. The New York Times. 4 February 2022. 0362-4331. 5 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205123502/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/sports/olympics/cauldron-lighting-opening-ceremony-uyghur-china.html. live.
  216. News: Munroe. Tony. Xu. Muyu. Tétrault-Farber. Gabrielle. 4 February 2022. Opening ceremony ends with Uyghur skier lighting cauldron. en. Reuters. 4 February 2022. 4 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220204195632/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/after-fraught-games-run-up-beijing-turns-opening-ceremony-2022-02-04/. live.
  217. Web site: 10 February 2021. Warning that boycott of Beijing 2022 could be met with Chinese sanctions. 16 February 2021. Insidethegames.biz. 11 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210211085724/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1104119/beijing-2022-boycott-chinese-sanctions. live.
  218. Web site: 9 February 2021. 'Retaliate fiercely': China issues chilling Olympics warning. 16 February 2021. 7NEWS.com.au. en. 12 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210212222240/https://7news.com.au/sport/winter-olympics/china-threatens-sanctions-for-countries-that-threaten-to-boycott-2022-beijing-winter-olympics-c-2126770. live.
  219. News: China: Calls for 2022 Winter Olympics boycott doomed to fail. live. 7 March 2021. 9 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210309231627/https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/china-calls-2022-winter-olympics-boycott-doomed-fail-76221092.
  220. Web site: 4 March 2021. Critics question China's right to host Winter Olympics. POLITICO Europe. en-US. 10 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210310022020/https://www.politico.eu/article/china-beijing-2022-winter-olympics-human-rights-violations-uighurs/. live. 7 March 2021.
  221. News: 19 November 2021. Grupė Lietuvos parlamentarų ragina boikotuoti Pekino žiemos olimpines žaidynes. lt. 28 November 2021. 0099-9660.
  222. Web site: Lithuania confirms diplomatic boycott of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics. 2021-12-08. ANI News. en.
  223. News: China Asked Russia to Delay Ukraine War Until After Olympics, Biden Officials Say . . 2022-02-04 . 2022-03-14 . 24 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220324025229/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/02/us/politics/russia-ukraine-china.html . live .
  224. News: Holland . Steve . 2022-03-03 . China asked Russia to delay Ukraine invasion until after Olympics -NYT . en . . 2022-03-11 . 4 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220304110450/https://www.reuters.com/world/us-officials-say-china-asked-russia-delay-ukraine-war-until-after-beijing-2022-03-02/ . live .
  225. Web site: Singman . Brooke . 2021-12-06 . Biden administration will not send any official representation to 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, Psaki says . 2022-10-11 . Fox News . en-US . 15 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221015201921/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-administration-will-not-send-any-official-representation-to-2022-winter-olympics-in-beijing-psaki-says . live .
  226. Web site: Rubio Joins CECC Commissioners Asking IOC President to Postpone and Relocate 2022 Winter Olympics If China Does Not End Abuses . 2022-10-11 . U.S. Senator for Florida, Marco Rubio . 26 July 2021 . en . 11 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221111015309/https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2021/7/rubio-joins-cecc-commissioners-asking-ioc-president-to-postpone-and-relocate-2022-winter-olympics-if-china-does-not-end-abuses . live .
  227. The Biden Boycott of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics . 2022-10-09 . www.csis.org . 18 January 2022 . en . 26 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221126214137/https://www.csis.org/analysis/biden-boycott-2022-beijing-winter-olympics . live . Cha . Victor .
  228. Web site: Sullivan . Allie Malloy,Kate . 2021-12-06 . White House announces US diplomatic boycott of 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing CNN Politics . 2022-10-09 . CNN . en . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211208043903/https://www.cnn.com/2021/12/06/politics/us-diplomatic-boycott-winter-olympics/index.html . live .
  229. Web site: Andy Blatchford . IOC member says diplomatic boycott of Olympics won't sway Beijing . 2022-10-11 . POLITICO . 6 December 2021 . en . 15 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221015231543/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/12/06/ioc-diplomatic-boycott-beijing-olympics-523801 . live .
  230. Web site: 外交部发言人：美国政客在没有受到邀请情况下外交抵制北京冬奥会是自作多情、哗众取宠、政治操弄_中华人民共和国驻美利坚合众国大使馆 . 2022-10-11 . us.china-embassy.gov.cn . 3 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221003032142/http://us.china-embassy.gov.cn/zmgx_1/zxxx/202112/t20211207_10463278.htm . live .
  231. Web site: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao Lijian's Regular Press Conference on December 7, 2021 . 2022-10-11 . www.fmprc.gov.cn . 11 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221011015509/https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/2511_665403/202112/t20211207_10463627.html . live .
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  233. News: Ungoed-Thomas. Jon. 6 November 2021. Mounting concern over environmental cost of fake snow for Olympics. The Guardian. London, United Kingdom. 19 January 2022. 6 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211106162529/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/06/mounting-concern-over-environmental-cost-of-fake-snow-for-olympics. live.
  234. News: Olympic champ says man-made snow in Beijing like 'bulletproof ice'. France 24. France Médias Monde. 2 February 2022. en. 3 February 2022. 3 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220203101749/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220202-olympic-champ-says-man-made-snow-in-beijing-like-bulletproof-ice. live.
  235. Mallapaty . Smriti . 2022-02-04 . China's Winter Olympics are carbon-neutral — how? . . en . 10.1038/d41586-022-00321-1 . 35121813 . 246557279 . 16 January 2023 . 19 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221219144357/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00321-1 . live .
  236. Web site: ISU Statement – Short Track Speed Skating Men 1000m competition at Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games – International Skating Union. www.isu.org. 16 January 2023. 8 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208150952/https://isu.org/isu-news/news/145-news/13972-isu-statement-isu-short-track-speed-skating-men-1000m-competition?templateParam=15. live.
  237. Web site: South Korea to appeal to CAS over short track refereeing at Beijing 2022. Houston. Michael. 8 February 2022. www.insidethegames.biz. Dunsar Media Ltd.. 8 February 2022. 8 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208093034/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118970/south-korea-cas-refereeing-short-track. live.
  238. News: South Korea appeals the disqualification of two short-track speedskaters.. Jin Yu. Young. Kevin. Draper. The New York Times . 8 February 2022. NYTimes.com. 8 February 2022. 8 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208162346/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/07/sports/olympics/south-korea-speedskaters-appeal-china.html. live.
  239. Web site: Confusion reigns after Chinese men's short track relay team advances on judge ruling. Negley. Cassandra. 11 February 2022. www.sports.yahoo.com. Yahoo!. 11 February 2022. 12 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214718/https://sports.yahoo.com/olympics-chinese-mens-short-track-relay-team-advances-final-on-judge-ruling-confusion-132757145.html. live.
  240. Web site: China blows up over Winter Olympics controversy. 11 February 2022. au.sports.yahoo.com. 7 February 2022 . en-AU. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210032057/https://au.sports.yahoo.com/winter-olympics-2022-beijing-su-yiming-slopestyle-silver-medal-controversy-201412995.html. live.
  241. Web site: Su Yiming 'ROBBED' of gold by judges in Olympic snowboarding event, say fans. 11 February 2022. meaww.com. 8 February 2022 . en. Su Yiming was the first-ever participant to successfully pull off an 1800-degree aerial stunt in the Men's Snowboard Slopestyle on February 7 (image)... Some debatable views have risen following the results of Winter Olympic Games 2022. China's local teenage representative, Su Yiming, was denied the gold medal in the slopestyle final round in Beijing.. 8 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208104934/https://meaww.com/beijing-olympics-2022-su-yiming-gets-silver-robbed-of-gold-max-parrot. live.
  242. Web site: Ayumu Hirano Robbed Trending On Twitter & Controversy -How Is Half Pipe Snowboarding Scored?. 11 February 2022. showbizcorner.com. en. This incident with Ayumu Hirano has infuriated people to the point that the judge who gave him a low score has been called racist... Twitter has been flooded in support of Ayumu because many believe the score the US judge gave him for his second run is unfair and would have cost him his medal.. 12 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214717/https://showbizcorner.com/ayumu-hirano-robbed-trending-on-twitter-controversy-how-is-half-pipe-snowboardin. live.
  243. News: Matthey. James. 11 February 2022. 'Should be arrested': Olympic scandal erupts. news.com.au. 11 February 2022. 12 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214724/https://www.news.com.au/sport/winter-olympics/should-be-ashamed-aussie-caught-in-middle-of-shocking-olympic-robbery/news-story/b25e7add307b32b07f1ac3e6747038c3. live.
  244. Web site: Jury veroorzaakt ophef met "valse start" voor Canadese topfavoriet: "Heel verdacht". Jury causes controversy with "false start" for Canadian top favorite: "Very suspicious". Dutch. 12 February 2022. www.sporza.be. Sporza. 12 February 2022. 12 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220212214727/https://sporza.be/nl/2022/02/12/jury-veroorzaakt-ophef-met-valse-start-voor-canadese-topfavoriet-heel-verdacht~1644666526044/. live.
  245. News: 18 February 2022 . Olympics latest: Chinese skating pair leads as host nation wins best-ever 8 golds . Nikkei Asia . 18 February 2022 . 18 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220218152718/https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Sports/Beijing-Winter-Olympics/Olympics-latest-Chinese-skating-pair-leads-as-host-nation-wins-best-ever-8-golds . live .
  246. News: Ukrainian bobsledder tests positive for banned substance at Beijing Olympics. globalnews.ca. 17 February 2022. 16 January 2023. 19 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221019170500/https://globalnews.ca/news/8629603/beijing-olympics-ukraine-bobsleigh-drug-test/. live.
  247. News: Spanish figure skater Laura Barquero fails doping test at Winter Olympics . The Guardian . 22 February 2022 . 16 January 2023 . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230115021315/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/feb/22/spanish-figure-skater-laura-barquero-fails-doping-test-at-winter-olympics . live .
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  249. Web site: American speed skater loses medal by thousandth of a second. sports.yahoo.com. 19 February 2022 . 16 January 2023. 28 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220928172119/https://sports.yahoo.com/american-speed-skater-loses-medal-by-thousandth-of-a-second-101719003.html. live.
  250. News: Joey Mantia misses mass start speedskating medal by .002 seconds . . 19 February 2022 . 27 February 2022 . 20 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220220180437/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2022/02/19/joey-mantia-mass-start-speedskating-beijing-olympics/ . live .
  251. Web site: 'Cheated a little bit': Photo finish in wild men's speedskating race leaves Joey Mantia off podium. MSN. 16 January 2023. 9 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220409225859/https://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/more-sports/cheated-a-little-bit-photo-finish-in-wild-men-s-speedskating-race-leaves-joey-mantia-off-podium/ar-AAU43Yp. live.
  252. News: Jessie Yeung . February 9, 2022 . Athletes are criticizing Covid measures in the Olympic bubble. That's just daily life for many in China . . 16 January 2023 . 1 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221201225658/https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/09/china/china-olympics-zero-covid-mic-intl-hnk/index.html . live .
  253. Web site: Klawans . Justin . 2022-02-15 . China says COVID policies working as positive athletes suffer in quarantine . 2022-03-11 . . en . 26 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220926094511/https://www.newsweek.com/china-says-covid-policies-working-positive-athletes-suffer-quarantine-1679648 . live .
  254. News: Hjelmgaard . Kim . 6 February 2022 . 'I cry every day': Olympic athletes slam food, COVID tests and conditions in Beijing quarantine hotels . . McLean, Virginia,, United States . live . 11 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210164902/https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/olympics/beijing/2022/02/07/beijing-athletes-rip-covid-quarantine-hotels-food/6687367001/ . 10 February 2022.
  255. News: Butterfield. Michelle. 10 February 2022. 'It's a big joke for me': Olympics athletes say they're starved for food, information. Global News. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 11 February 2022. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210223912/https://globalnews.ca/news/8609906/beijing-olympics-athlete-complaints-food-covid-weather/. live.
  256. News: Lane. Barnaby. 7 February 2022. An Olympic speed skater says she was put in an ambulance at 3 a.m. after being released from quarantine, then cried 'like crazy'. Insider. New York City, New York, U.S.. 11 February 2022. 8 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220208214901/https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/an-olympic-speed-skater-says-she-was-put-in-an-ambulance-at-3-a-m-after-being-released-from-quarantine-then-cried-like-crazy/articleshow/89413365.cms. live.
  257. News: Panja. Tariq. 2 February 2022. Confusion, frustration and tears: a Belgian Olympian's day in isolation. New York Times. New York City, New York, U.S.. 9 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209021501/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/02/sports/olympics/kim-meylemans-olympics-covid-quarantine.html. live.
  258. News: Reynolds. Tim. 3 February 2022. Olympian moved to village after tearful video in isolation. Associated Press. New York City, New York, U.S. 11 February 2022. 9 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209023741/https://apnews.com/article/winter-olympics-kim-meylemans-covid-isolation-8ccaf121249292e846a31a896c0250e4. live.
  259. CHAD DE GUZMAN . February 21, 2022 . What We Learned About COVID-19 Rules at the 2022 Olympics . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309002003/https://time.com/6149800/beijing-2022-covid-19-olympics/ . March 9, 2022 . . en.
  260. News: Keh . Andrew . 2022-02-16 . A Quest for the Best Food Inside the Beijing Winter Olympics Bubble . en-US . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220305003000/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/16/sports/olympics/chinese-food-bubble-hotels.html . 2022-03-05 . 0362-4331.
  261. News: O'Connor. Philip. 6 February 2022. Alpine skiing-Cold food riles Germany coach, U.S. bring own pasta. Reuters. London, United Kingdom. 11 February 2022. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210205459/https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/alpine-skiing-cold-food-riles-germany-coach-us-bring-own-pasta-2022-02-06/. live.
  262. Web site: Cold food at Winter Olympics riles Germany coach. 6 February 2022. www.nbcolympics.com. NBC. 12 February 2022. 9 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220209015440/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/cold-food-winter-olympics-riles-germany-coach. live.
  263. News: 8 February 2022. Beijing 2022: Winter Olympics hit by deluge of complaints from athletes. BBC News. London, United Kingdom. 11 February 2022. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210045217/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-60298184. live.
  264. News: Dicker. Ron. 10 February 2022. Athletes Are Taping Their Faces At Winter Olympics But Maybe They Shouldn't. HuffPost. New York City, New York, U.S.. 11 February 2022. 10 February 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220210202323/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tape-face-winter-olympics_n_620507c6e4b04af87f3967b0. live.
  265. News: Diaz . Jaclyn . (Real) snow disrupts events at the Beijing Winter Olympics . NPR . 13 February 2022 . en . 16 January 2023 . 4 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220504155613/https://www.npr.org/2022/02/13/1080446506/weather-snow-disrupts-events-at-the-beijing-olympics . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2022 Winter Olympics".

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