2022 Michoacán earthquake explained

2022 Michoacán earthquake
Timestamp:2022-09-19 18:05:06
Anss-Url:us7000i9bw
Isc-Event:624820749
Local-Time:13:05:06
Magnitude:7.6
7.7
Location:18.59°N -103.43°W
Type:Thrust
Fault:Middle America Trench
Pga:0.92 g
Aftershocks:2,000+. Strongest is 6.8.[1]
Casualties:2 dead, 35 injured

On 19 September 2022, a moment magnitude 7.6-7.7 earthquake struck between the Mexican states of Michoacán and Colima at 13:05:06 local time.[2] The earthquake had a depth of, resulting in a maximum intensity of VIII (Severe) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. The USGS reported the epicentre was southwest of the town of Aquila (near the municipality of Coalcomán).[3] Two people were killed and at least 35 others were injured across several states.[4] A magnitude 6.8 aftershock struck on 22 September, causing three more deaths.[5]

The earthquake coincidentally occurred on the 37th anniversary of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which killed around 10,000 people, and the fifth anniversary of the 2017 Puebla earthquake that struck the state of Puebla and killed 370 people. A national earthquake drill was being held shortly after midday, less than an hour before the earthquake struck.[6] [7] [8]

Tectonic setting

This shallow earthquake occurred in a seismically active zone near the coast of central Mexico. The earthquake occurred near the juncture of three tectonic plates, which are the North American Plate to the northeast, the Rivera Plate to the northwest, and the Cocos Plate to the south. Both the Rivera Plate and the Cocos Plate are being subducted beneath the North American Plate. The slower subducting Rivera Plate is moving northwest at about per year relative to the North American Plate and the faster Cocos plate is moving in a similar direction at a rate of about per year.

Several significant earthquakes have occurred near the recent event. In 1932, a magnitude 8.1 thrust earthquake struck northwest of the 2022 event. On 21 January 2003, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck nearby, killing 29 people. On 9 October 1995, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck west of the 2022 event, killing 49 people and leaving 1,000 others homeless. The most deadly earthquake in the region also occurred in Michoacán exactly 37 years earlier. This magnitude 8.0 earthquake killed thousands of people, injured about 30,000, and left 100,000 people homeless.

Earthquake

The earthquake occurred as a result of thrust faulting, on the tectonic boundary between the Cocos Plate and the North American Plate. This earthquake occurred close to events in 1985, 1995 and 2003. The United States Geological Survey said that earthquakes of this size typically rupture over an area measuring x . A majority of coseismic slip occurred directly beneath land rather than offshore with a maximum displacement at . The subduction interface ruptured at depth and along the subduction strike. The event produced a maximum slip of . The rupture area overlapped that of a 7.6 earthquake in 1973 with similar rupture size and source duration.[9]

Tsunami

In Manzanillo, Colima, a tsunami was observed reaching 0.95m (03.12feet).[10] The tsunami reached at a lagoon near Manzanillo, flooding the coastal neighbourhood of Valle de Las Garzas.[11] Near the epicenter, the National Mareographic Service recorded a tsunami, and at Acapulco, the tsunami measured .[12] In Zihuatanejo, Guerrero, the tsunami had heights of at least 32cm (13inches).[13] Sea level fluctuations at Las Salinas lagoon in Zihuatanejo were observed.[14] A tsunami of was observed in Galapagos Islands, Ecuador.[15]

A seiche reaching 4feet occurred in Devils Hole at Death Valley National Park in the United States, about 1500miles away.[16]

Impact

Colima

Two people were killed and nine were injured in Colima. At least 2,790 homes across 10 municipalities,[17] 20 buildings, two temples and seven medical facilities were damaged. Five bridges and eight roads were destroyed.[18] In Manzanillo, one person died when a fence fell on him and some landslides were reported.[19] At Point Plaza Bahia, a mall in the city, a gym partially collapsed, killing one person.[20] [21] Communications were disrupted in Tecomán and Comala, close to the epicentre. A gas tank explosion in Tecomán left four people, including two children, injured.[22]

Michoacán

At least 3,161 homes and 89 schools were affected across Coalcomán, Chinicuila, Coahuayana and Aquila— 800 of which collapsed. The heaviest damage was in Coahuayana, where 1,143 homes were impacted, including 398 which were razed.[23] Damage was reported in 21 hospitals but only two had to be evacuated. Structural damage occurred in eight churches.[24] Several bridges and communication lines were affected. One road collapsed. In Coahuayana, 26 people were injured including one due to a gas explosion.[25]

Jalisco

In Guadalajara, a man's arm was amputated at the elbow during an elevator accident. Debris fell from the temples of San Agustín and La Merced in the city center. At Puerto Vallarta, ceilings and windows fell from buildings, and some apartment buildings showed cracks between slabs, beams and ground floors.[26] In the town of Tolimán, at least eight houses collapsed.[27]

Nayarit

In the state capital, both towers of Tepic Cathedral were heavily damaged, with debris falling from one. In the Villas de Arana subdivision, homes and a hospital were damaged. At Ixtlán del Río, the fence of an elementary school and a financial building were damaged. Stores were damaged and items fell in Bahía de Banderas. An abandoned school in Compostela cracked. Two people were injured in San Blas; one during a motorcycle accident and another due to a fall.[28]

Mexico City

In Mexico City, buildings swayed, and at least 97 structures were reported to have sustained slight to moderate damage, some of which were already damaged by previous earthquakes.[29] At least 76 schools in the city were among those damaged. One school was significantly damaged and lessons were suspended.[30]

Elsewhere

In addition to the areas identified above, the earthquake was felt strongly in parts of Aguascalientes, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, México, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Tlaxcala, and Zacatecas.[31]

Aftershocks

Over 2,000 aftershocks were recorded.[32] [33] [34] A 5.8 aftershock at 02:17 on 20 September occurred at a depth of [35] and was the result of normal faulting along a NW–SE striking, shallow NE dipping plane or a SE–NW striking, steep SW dipping plane.[36]

A magnitude 6.8 aftershock at 01:16 on 22 September at a depth of [37] caused power outages in many areas, including Mexico City,[38] where two people were killed; one after falling from a staircase and another due to a heart attack.[39] [40] At least 22 buildings were also damaged in the city, one of them seriously.[41] The quake damaged at least one building in the city of Uruapan.[42] In Colima, a 5-month-old baby died when a gas explosion occurred. Five others were also injured, including two from said gas explosion.[43] In the city of Metepec, in the state of Mexico, at least four school buildings were slightly damaged.[44]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Un terremoto de magnitud 6,9 vuelve a sacudir a México . 22 September 2022 . es.euronews.com . 22 September 2022 . Euronews.
  2. Web site: Global CMT Catalog Search. . 19 September 2022. 12 October 2022.
  3. Web site: M 7.6 – Colima-Michoacan border region, Mexico . USGS . 19 September 2022.
  4. Web site: Two dead, more than 3,000 buildings damaged in Mexico earthquake . . 21 September 2022 . Agence France-Presse. 21 September 2022.
  5. News: Terremoto en México de magnitud 6,9 con epicentro en Michoacán deja 3 muertos esta madrugada. El Comercio . 23 September 2022.
  6. News: 19 September 2017 . Powerful Earthquake Shakes Mexico on 32nd Anniversary of Deadly Temblor . . 19 September 2017.
  7. News: 19 September 2017 . Starkes Erdbeben erschüttert Mexiko . de . Strong earthquake shakes Mexico . . 19 September 2017 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20170919234340/https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/erdbeben-mexiko-105.html . 19 September 2017 .
  8. News: 19 September 2022 . Tras simulacro por 19S tiembla de nuevo en México; fue de 7.4 . El Universal . 19 September 2022.
  9. Liu . Chengli . Lay . Thorne . Bai . Yefei . He . Ping . Xiong . Xiong . Coseismic Slip Model of the 19 September 2022 Mw 7.6 Michoacán, Mexico, Earthquake: A Quasi-Repeat of the 1973 Mw 7.6 Rupture . The Seismic Record . 2023 . 3 . 2 . 57–68 . 10.1785/0320220042. 2023SeisR...3...57L . free .
  10. Web site: Nuevo boletín del centro de alertas de tsunami de SEMAR: sigue instando a la población a MANTENERSE ALEJADO DE PLAYAS DEBIDO A CORRIENTES FUERTES. Se registra 0.95 m de tsunami en Manzanillo, Colima. . NOAA.
  11. News: Flores . J. C. . Se registra tsunami en Manzanillo tras sismo . 20 December 2022 . La Jornada . 19 September 2022 . es.
  12. Ramírez-Guzmán . L . Téllez . M. A. J. . Villa . J. M. M. . González . J. A. . Milián . G. A. . Leonardo-Suárez . M. . Esparza . M. C. R. . Rosa . D. d. l. . Alcaráz . M. . Monroy . E. F. S. . Castillo . M. A. M. . Hernández . M. A. . Seismic Instrumentation Unit . The September 19th, 2022, M7.7 Coalcoman Earthquake: An overview and preliminary analysis . 2022 . School of Engineering, UNAM.
  13. Web site: Powerful 7.6-magnitude earthquake hits western Mexico. BNO News. 19 September 2022 .
  14. News: Castillo . Isaac . Nivel del mar en Zihuatanejo presenta variaciones por sismo en Michoacán. Sea level in Zihuatanejo presents variations due to earthquake in Michoacán . 20 September 2022 . El Sol de Acapulco . 20 September 2022 . es.
  15. Web site: Tsunami Event: GALAPAGOS ISLANDS, ECUADOR. ngdc.noaa.gov.
  16. Web site: 21 September 2022 . Mexico earthquake caused waves at California's Death Valley . 22 September 2022 . BNO News.
  17. News: Herrera . Rolando . Reporta Colima 2,790 casas dañadas tras sismo. Colima reports 2,790 houses damaged after earthquake . 21 September 2022 . MURAL . 21 September 2022.
  18. News: Suben a dos los muertos y a 10 los heridos por el sismo de 7,7 en México. The dead and 10 injured by the 7.7 earthquake in Mexico rise to two . 20 September 2022 . . Yahoo! News . 20 September 2022 . es.
  19. Web site: Sismo de 7.4 grados en Colima deja un muerto, bardas caídas y deslaves I IMÁGENES FUERTES. 19 September 2022 . es.
  20. News: Delgadillo . Arnoldo . Suman dos muertes en Manzanillo, Colima, por sismo de magnitud 7.7. There are two deaths in Manzanillo, Colima, due to an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 . 20 September 2022 . Milenio . 20 September 2022.
  21. Web site: AMLO confirma a un fallecido en Colima por sismo. 19 September 2022.
  22. News: Zamora . Edgardo . Daños, un muerto y lesionados en Colima tras el sismo de 7.7 grados. Damages, one dead and injured in Colima after the 7.7 magnitude earthquake . 20 September 2022 . El Occidental . 19 September 2022.
  23. News: Sismo en México: reportan más 6 mil casas con daños por temblor. Earthquake in Mexico: more than 6,000 houses reported with tremor damage . 21 September 2022 . SDPNoticias . 21 September 2022 . es.
  24. News: Eight churches damaged by Sept. 19 earthquake in Mexico . 23 September 2022 . . 21 September 2022.
  25. News: Sismo dañó más de 3 mil casas, 89 escuelas y 21 hospitales en Michoacán. Earthquake damaged more than 3000 houses, 89 schools and 21 hospitals in Michoacán . 20 September 2022 . . 20 September 2022 . es.
  26. News: Torres . Raúl . Sismo en Colima deja un muerto y 3 heridos de gravedad. Earthquake in Colima leaves one dead and 3 seriously injured . 20 September 2022 . El Universal . 19 September 2022 . es.
  27. News: Jalisco Civil Protection continues with earthquake damage assessment . 22 September 2022 . Vallarta Daily News . 21 September 2022.
  28. News: Benítez . Crys . Recuento de daños en Nayarit provocados por el sismo. Count of damages in Nayarit caused by the earthquake . 20 September 2022 . El Occidental . 19 September 2022 . es.
  29. Web site: Temblor deja 21 edificios con afectaciones menores en CDMX. 20 September 2022 . es.
  30. News: Son 76 escuelas de CDMX con afectaciones menores por sismo: AEFCM. There are 76 CDMX schools with minor earthquake damage: AEFCM . 21 September 2022 . La Jornada . 20 September 2022 . es.
  31. News: Un fuerte terremoto de magnitud 7,7 sacude el centro de México en el aniversario de dos grandes sismos . 22 September 2022 . BBC Mundo . 19 September 2022.
  32. News: Suman 2 mil 149 réplicas tras el sismo del 19 de septiembre . 24 September 2022 . Excélsior . 24 September 2022.
  33. News: Reportan 20 réplicas por hora tras sismo de magnitud 7.7 del 19S . 22 September 2022 . El Universal . 22 September 2022.
  34. News: Olea . Adriana . Suman 986 las réplicas del sismo de 7.7 grados en Michoacán. There are 986 aftershocks of the 7.7 magnitude earthquake in Michoacán . 21 September 2022 . ANews . 21 September 2022.
  35. Web site: M 5.8 – 9 km SE of La Placita de Morelos, Mexico . . 20 September 2022 . 20 September 2022.
  36. Web site: NEAR COAST OF MICHOACAN, MEXICO 2022/09/20 08:17:16 UTC, Mw=5.9 . GEOSCOPE Observatory . 20 September 2022 . 20 September 2022.
  37. Web site: 20 September 2022 . M 6.8 – 46 km SSW of Aguililla, Mexico . 20 September 2022 . United States Geological Survey.
  38. Web site: Sismo hoy 22 de septiembre de 6.9, despierta a la República Mexicana. 22 September 2022 . Earthquake today September 22, 6.9, wakes up the Mexican Republic . TV Azteca. es. 22 September 2022.
  39. Web site: 6.8 magnitude earthquake shakes Mexico, 1 dead . Associated Press. ABC News. United States. 22 September 2022.
  40. Web site: Sismo magnitud 6.9 despierta (en terror) a México; fallecen dos personas. 22 September 2022 . Radio Formula. es. 22 September 2022.
  41. News: Nuevo sismo cobra dos vidas y daña 22 inmuebles en la CDMX. La Razón. 23 September 2022. es.
  42. Web site: 6.8 magnitude earthquake shakes Mexico, 1 dead . Associated Press. ABC News. United States. 2022-09-22.
  43. Web site: Dos muertos y tres heridos por el terremoto de magnitud 6,9 que volvió a sacudir a México. EuroNews. 22 September 2022 .
  44. Web site: Con daños 4 planteles de Metepec por el sismo del jueves por la madrugada. El Informante. es. 23 September 2022.

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