2021 Sarawak state election explained

Election Name:2021 Sarawak state election
Country:Sarawak
Type:legislative
Vote Type:Popular
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 Sarawak state election
Previous Year:2016
Outgoing Members:18th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
Election Date:18 December 2021
Elected Members:19th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly
Next Election:Next Sarawak state election
Next Year:Before April 2027
Seats For Election:All 82 seats in the Legislative Assembly
Majority Seats:42
Registered:1,252,014
Turnout:60.67%
Image1:Abang Johari UNIMAS meeting.jpg
Image1 Upright:0.5
Colour1:FF6666
Leader1:Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg
Party1:PBB
Alliance1:Gabungan Parti Sarawak
Leader Since1:13 January 2017
Leaders Seat1:Gedong
Last Election1:61 seats, 62.18%[1]
Seats Before1:67
Seats1:76
Seat Change1: 9
Popular Vote1:457,233
Percentage1:61.26%
Swing1: 0.92%
Image2 Upright:0.5
Colour2:FBFF94
Leader2:Wong Soon Koh
Party2:PSB
Leader Since2:2015
Leaders Seat2:Bawang Assan
Last Election2:Did not contest[2]
Seats Before2:6
Seats Needed2: 36
Seats2:4
Seat Change2: 2
Popular Vote2:139,515
Percentage2:18.69%
Swing2: 18.69%
Image3:File:Chong Chieng Jen during Malaysian GE 13.jpg
Image3 Upright:0.5
Colour3:ED1C24
Leader3:Chong Chieng Jen
Party3:DAP
Alliance3:Pakatan Harapan
Leader Since3:10 June 2013
Leaders Seat3:Padungan
Last Election3:10 seats, 30.55%
Seats Before3:5
Seats Needed3: 37
Seats3:2
Seat Change3: 3
Popular Vote3:78,197
Percentage3:10.48%
Swing3: 20.07%
Map Size:425px
Chief Minister
Before Election:Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg
Before Party:GPSPBB
After Election:Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg (Later Premier)
After Party:GPSPBB

The 2021 Sarawak state election, formally the 12th Sarawak general election, took place on 18 December 2021. This election was to elect 82 members of the 19th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly. The previous assembly was dissolved on 3 November 2021.

As the previous assembly first sat on 7 June 2016, it was originally set to be dissolved automatically on 7 June 2021. However, the 2021 state emergency declaration, preceded by a federal 2021 Malaysian state of emergency declaration nationwide, arising from the 2020–22 Malaysian political crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, suspended the automatic dissolution of the legislature until the proposed end of the emergency duration on 2 February 2022.[3] [4] On 3 November 2021, Yang di-Pertuan Agong Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah had consented to lift the state of emergency thus the state legislative assembly dissolved automatically and the state election must be held within 60 days after to elect a new state government.[5]

For the first time as a local coalition, Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) won an overwhelming landslide in the election, winning 76 seats and a supermajority over the legislature.[6] At the same time, Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) won four seats, becoming the largest opposition and the first Sarawak-based opposition party to win a seat in an election since 2006. Meanwhile, Pakatan Harapan (PH), however, suffered a crushing defeat, with the Democratic Action Party (DAP) winning only two seats for the coalition, experiencing a decline from seven seats in 2016. Its other component parties, People's Justice Party (PKR) and National Trust Party (AMANAH) lost in all seats contested by the both parties.

Background

Previous election

See main article: article and 2016 Sarawak state election. The size of the Legislative Assembly was enlarged from 71 to 82 members in the last state election. The incumbent Sarawak Barisan Nasional coalition, led by Adenan Satem, won 72 seats, allowing it to form a majority government. This included 11 members who were not affiliated with any of its component parties.

The election was the first major election for the then newly-formed Pakatan Harapan coalition, the successor to the Pakatan Rakyat coalition. But like its predecessor, it was only an electoral alliance at that time. However, the component parties of the coalition, winning the remaining 10 seats, suffered a swing of 9.63 percentage points against it and an overall loss of 5 seats compared to the 2011 election.

Between June and August 2016, the 11 partyless Barisan Nasional members either joined the United Bumiputera Heritage Party, or left the coalition and joined the then United People's Party (now Parti Sarawak Bersatu).[7] [8] [9] The United People's Party however committed their support for the Barisan Nasional government.

Death of Adenan Satem

On 11 January 2017, Chief Minister Adenan Satem died from cardiac arrest, thus he was unable to complete his second term.[10] This made him the first sitting Chief Minister of Sarawak to have died while in office. Abang Johari Openg took over the position two days later. A by-election was held in Adenan's seat of Tanjong Datu on 18 February, which was overwhelmingly retained by the Barisan Nasional coalition.

2018 federal election

The 2018 federal election resulted in an unprecedented victory for the opposition Pakatan Harapan coalition. In response, the four component parties of Barisan Nasional in Sarawak left the coalition and together formed the Gabungan Parti Sarawak coalition on 12 June 2018.[11] [12] [13]

Malaysian political crisis

See main article: article and 2020-22 Malaysian political crisis. A political crisis began at the federal level in February 2020, resulting in the collapse of the Pakatan Harapan federal government and the establishment of a Perikatan Nasional government. While Sarawak remained largely unaffected, the People's Justice Party lost all of its representation in the Legislative Assembly by April 2020, with all six remaining Pakatan Harapan seats being held by the Democratic Action Party. The Malaysian United Indigenous Party saw its introduction in the state with the membership of Ali Biju, the MLA for Krian.

2020–21 events

On 26 July 2020, the member for Padungan, Wong King Wei, left the Democratic Action Party to sit as an independent member.[14] This resulted in Parti Sarawak Bersatu overtaking Pakatan Harapan as the second largest grouping in the Legislative Assembly. PSB chairman Wong Soon Koh took over as opposition leader on 9 November 2020 [15]

On 1 August 2020, the newly-formed political informal alliance Gabungan Anak Sarawak (GASAK) which includes parties of Sarawak People's Aspiration Party (Aspirasi), Sarawak Workers Party (SWP), Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru (PBDSB), with NGOs of Sarawak for Sarawakians (S4S) and Sarawak Independence Alliance (SIA) announced that GASAK will contest in all 82 seats in next state election, using Aspirasi's logo.[16] The statement was later revised on 1 October 2020, with GASAK parties contesting 50 seats and the rest contested by an unaffiliated party, Sarawak People Awareness Party (SEDAR). SEDAR was planning to contest all 82 seats.[17]

Media reports indicated in July 2020 that the election will likely be held in November after the consideration of the federal and state budgets in October.[18] It is expected that at least three candidates (GPS, PH and a minor party) will be fielded in all 82 constituencies.[19]

After the election schedule was announced, some nationalist parties such as Pejuang,[20] Barisan Nasional and Bersatu[21] stayed out of the election. Parti Tenaga Rakyat Sarawak (TERAS), a local party whose candidates in the last election contested as BN Direct Members, did not contest citing lack of preparation.[22] PAS declared their intention to contest in the election as a warm-up to the next General Election.[23]

Electoral system

Elections in Malaysia are conducted at the federal and state levels. Federal elections elect members of the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state elections in each of the 13 states elect members of their respective state legislative assembly. As Malaysia follows the Westminster system of government, the head of government (Prime Minister at the federal level and the Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers at the state level) is the person who commands the confidence of the majority of members in the respective legislature – this is normally the leader of the party or coalition with the majority of seats in the legislature.

The Legislative Assembly consists of 82 members, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), that are elected for five-year terms. Each MLA is elected from a single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post voting system; each constituency contains approximately an equal number of voters. If one party obtains a majority of seats, then that party is entitled to form the government, with its leader becoming the Chief Minister. In the event of a hung parliament, where no single party obtains the majority of seats, the government may still form through a coalition or a confidence and supply agreement with other parties. In practice, coalitions and alliances in Malaysia, and by extension, in Sarawak, generally persist between elections, and member parties do not normally contest for the same seats.

In general, the voting age is currently 21[24] [25] although the age of majority in the country is 18.[26] While the Constitution (Amendment) Act 2019, which provided for the voting age to be lowered to 18 and automatic voter registration, was enacted in July 2019,[27] it was not proclaimed until 1 December 2021, which set 15 December as the commencement date of the amendment, after the voter lists for this election has been finalised.[28] [29] [30] Cabinet Minister Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah asserted that prospective voters between ages 18 and 20 who had registered before 2 November are allowed to vote in the election, but this has not been separately verified by the Election Commission.[31] Elections are conducted by the Election Commission of Malaysia, which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Department. Malaysia does not practice compulsory voting.

Timeline

DateEvent
3 November 2021Dissolution of the 18th Legislative Assembly
24 November 2021Issue of the writs of election
6 December 2021Nomination day
7–17 December 2021Campaigning period
14–17 December 2021Early voting for postal, overseas and advance voters
18 December 2021Election day

Constituencies

Federal seatNo.ConstituencyElectors
(2021)[32]
Area
(km2)[33]
DensityDistrict[34] Last election
assemblyperson
Last election
held party
Majority
P.192 N01OparLundu & BauRanum MinaBN2,082
N02Tasik BiruBauHenry JinepBN (SPDP)1,288
P.193 N03Tanjong DatuLunduAdenan SatemBN (PBB)5,892
N04Pantai Damaibgcolor=pinkKuchingAbdul Rahman JunaidiBN (PBB)9,260
N05Demak LautKuchingHazland Abang HipniBN (PBB)7,382
P.194 N06Tupongbgcolor=pinkKuchingFazzrudin Abdul RahmanBN (PBB)8,055
N07Samariangbgcolor=pinkKuchingSharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman GhazaliBN (PBB)7,760
N08SatokKuchingAbang Zohari OpengBN (PBB)5,045
P.195 N09Padunganbgcolor=pinkKuchingWong King WeiPH (DAP)4,270
N10Pendingbgcolor=pinkKuchingViolet Yong Wui WuiPH (DAP)5,012
N11Batu Lintangbgcolor=pinkKuchingSee Chee HowPH (PKR)4,385
P.196 N12Kota Sentosabgcolor=pinkKuchingChong Chieng JenPH (DAP)2,819
N13Batu Kitangbgcolor=pinkKuchingLo Khere ChiangBN (SUPP)1,842
N14Batu Kawahbgcolor=pinkKuchingSim Kui HianBN (SUPP)2,085
P.197 N15AsajayaAsajaya & SamarahanAbdul Karim Rahman HamzahBN (PBB)4,078
N16Muara TuangSamarahan & Siburan & SerianIdris BuangBN (PBB)7,961
N17StakanSamarahan & KuchingMohamad Ali MahmudBN (PBB)7,042
P.198 N18Serembubgcolor=lightblueBauMiro SimuhBN1,397
N19MambongKuching & SiburanJerip SusilBN3,333
N20TaratSerian & Tebedu & Kuching & SiburanRoland Sagah Wee InnBN (PBB)5,421
P.199 N21TebeduTebedu & Serian & SiburanMichael Manyin JawongBN (PBB)6,193
N22KedupSerian & TebeduMaclaine Ben @ Martin BenBN (PBB)3,828
N23Bukit SemujaSerianJohn IlusBN3,144
P.200 N24Sadong Jayabgcolor=lightblueAsajayaAidel LariwooBN (PBB)3,467
N25Simunjanbgcolor=lightblueSimunjan & AsajayaAwla IdrisBN (PBB)2,712
N26Gedongbgcolor=lightblueGedong & SimunjanMohd Naroden MajaisBN (PBB)3,365
P.201 N27Sebuyaubgcolor=lightblueSimunjanJulaihi NarawiBN (PBB)2,742
N28Linggabgcolor=lightblueSri Aman & Pusa & LinggaSimoi PeriBN (PBB)2,943
N29Beting MaroPusaRazaili GaporBN (PBB)1,707
P.202 N30Balai RinginSerian & Simunjan & Lingga & PantuSnowdan LawanBN (PRS)2,039
N31Bukit Begunanbgcolor=lightblueSri Aman & Lingga & PantuMong DagangBN (PRS)4,695
N32SimanggangSri AmanFrancis Harden HollisBN (SUPP)1,390
P.203 N33EngkililiLubok Antu & BetongJohnical Rayong NgipaBN3,857
N34Batang Aibgcolor=lightblueLubok AntuMalcom Mussen LamohBN (PRS)3,186
P.204 N35SaribasBetongRicky @ Mohamad Razi SitamBN (PBB)4,432
N36Layarbgcolor=lightblueBetongGerald Rentap JabuBN (PBB)1,428
N37Bukit Sabanbgcolor=lightblueBetongDouglas Uggah EmbasBN (PBB)4,599
P.205 N38Kalakabgcolor=lightblueKabong & SaratokAbdul Wahab AzizBN (PBB)2,835
N39KrianSaratok & KabongAli BijuPH (PKR)1,640
N40Kabongbgcolor=lightblueKabongMohd Chee KadirBN (PBB)3,585
P.206 N41Kuala RajangSarikei & Tanjung ManisLen Talif SallehBN (PBB)5,586
N42SemopDaroAbdullah SaidolBN (PBB)4,412
P.207 N43Darobgcolor=lightblueDaro & SibuSafiee AhmadBN (PBB)4,432
N44Jemorengbgcolor=lightblueMatuJuanda JayaBN (PBB)3,789
P.208 N45Repokbgcolor=pinkSarikeiHuang Tiong SiiBN (SUPP)943
N46MeradongSarikei & MeradongDing Kuong HiingBN (SUPP)1,516
P.209 N47PakanPakan & SarikeiWilliam Mawan IkomBN426
N48MeluanJulau & PakanRolland Duat JubinBN (SPDP)677
P.210 N49Ngemahbgcolor=lightblueKanowitAlexander VincentBN (PRS)154
N50MachanKanowitAllan Siden GramongBN (PBB)2,952
P.211 N51Bukit Assekbgcolor=pinkSibuIrene Mary Chang Oi LingPH (DAP)4,497
N52Dudongbgcolor=pinkSibuTiong Thai KingBN2,146
P.212 N53Bawang AssanSibu & MatuWong Soon KohBN4,131
N54Pelawanbgcolor=pinkSibuDavid Wong Kee WoanPH (DAP)4,314
N55Nangkabgcolor=pinkSibuAnnuar RapaeeBN (PBB)7,617
P.213 N56DalatDalatFatimah AbdullahBN (PBB)6,330
N57Tellianbgcolor=lightblueMukah & DalatYussibnosh BaloBN (PBB)4,421
N58Balingianbgcolor=lightblueMukahAbdul Yakub ArbiBN (PBB)2,964
P.214 N59TaminSelangau & SibuChristopher Gira SambangBN (PRS)2,085
N60KakusTatau & Mukah & SelangauJohn Sikie TayaiBN (PRS)5,211
P.215 N61Pelagusbgcolor=lightblueKapitWilsong Nyabong IjangBN (PRS)3,284
N62KatibasSongAmbrose Blikau EnturanBN (PBB)3,053
N63Bukit GoramKapitJefferson Jamit UnyatBN (PBB)2,586
P.216 N64BalehBukit MabongJames Jemut MasingBN (PRS)4,793
N65Belagabgcolor=lightblueBelaga & Kapit & Bukit MabongLiwan LagangBN (PRS)3,686
N66Murumbgcolor=lightblueBelaga & SebauhChukpai UgonBN (PRS)2,200
P.217 N67JepakBintulu & TatauTalip ZulpilipBN (PBB)4,201
N68Tanjong Batubgcolor=pinkBintuluChiew Chiu SingPH (DAP)2,548
N69KemenaSebauh & SubisStephen Rundi UtomBN (PBB)4,868
N70SamalajuBintulu & SubisMajang RenggiBN (PRS)2,464
P.218 N71BekenuSubisRosey YunusBN4,789
N72LambirMiri & SubisRipin LamatBN (PBB)4,907
P.219 N73Piasaubgcolor=pinkMiriSebastian Ting Chiew YewBN (SUPP)2,112
N74Pujutbgcolor=pinkMiriTing Tiong ChoonPH (DAP)1,759
N75Senadinbgcolor=pinkMiriLee Kim ShinBN (SUPP)3,538
P.220 N76MarudiMarudi & BeluruPenguang ManggilBN (SPDP)1,387
N77Telang UsanTelang Usan & BeluruDennis NgauBN (PBB)167
N78Mulubgcolor=lightblueMarudi & Miri & Telang UsanGerawat JalaBN1,708
P.221 N79Bukit KotaLimbangAbdul Rahman IsmailBN (PBB)-
N80Batu Danaubgcolor=lightblueLimbangPaulus GumbangBN2,939
P.222 N81Ba'kelalanbgcolor=lightblueLawasBaru BianPH (PKR)538
N82Bukit SariLawasAwang Tengah Ali HassanBN (PBB)-

Political parties

NameIdeologyLeading candidate(s)2016 election resultsSeats at dissolution[35]
Votes (%)Seats
Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu (PBB)Bumiputera nationalismAbang Johari Openg62.1982
Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS)NationalismJames Jemut Masing
(Died in office)
Sarawak United Peoples' Party (SUPP)Sarawak autonomismSim Kui Hian
Progressive Democratic Party (PDP)Sarawak regionalismTiong King Sing
Pakatan Harapan (PH)Democratic Action Party (DAP)Social democracyChong Chieng Jen30.1662
People's Justice Party (PKR)Social JusticeAbang Zulkifli Abang Engkeh
National Trust Party (AMANAH)Islamic modernismAbang Halil Abang Naili
Perikatan Nasional (PN) Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS)IslamismMohammad Arifiriazul Paijo1.731
Gagasan Anak Sarawak (GAS)Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak (ASPIRASI)Sarawak regionalismLina Soo28.37174
Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru (PBDSB)Dayak nationalismBobby William
Parti Sedar Rakyat Sarawak (SEDAR)Sarawak regionalismOthman Abdillah
Parti Bumi Kenyalang (PBK)Sarawak regionalismVoon Lee ShanNew party
Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB)Sarawak regionalismWong Soon KohDid not contest
Independents5.3930

Campaign

Campaigning in parking lots, open spaces, and large halls with the presence and cheers of hundreds of people has been the norm in previous elections, but the threat of COVID-19 has hindered it this time in the state election.[36] Because of this, the Election Commission (EC) decided not to allow any physical campaigning, with only 64 of the 82 constituencies with inadequate internet access being allowed to hold talks.[37] The EC has encouraged all candidates to use social media to campaign.[38]

Despite the gloomy campaign mood caused by these restrictions, the candidates' campaign machinery has actively hung and put up flags, posters, and banners featuring candidate portraits and party logos, particularly from the opposing political parties.[39]

Incumbents not seeking re-election

The following members of the 18th Legislative Assembly are not contesting the upcoming election.

ConstituencyDeparting MLAPartyDate confirmedFirst electedReason
N74PujutTing Tiong ChoonPH (DAP)11 February 2020[40] 2016Disqualified after having dual citizenship
N38KalakaAbdul Wahab AzizGPS (PBB)9 July 2020[41] 1991Retirement
N09PadunganWong King WeiIndependent26 July 2020[42] 2011
N64BalehJames Jemut MasingGPS (PRS)31 October 2021[43] 1983Died in office
N26GedongNaroden MajaisGPS (PBB)17 November 2021[44] 1991Retirement
N62KatibasAmbrose Bilkau Enturan17 November 2021[45] 1979
N17StakanMohamad Ali Mahmud21 November 2021[46] 2016
N21TebeduMichael Manyin Jawong23 November 2021[47] 1996
N68Tanjong BatuChiew Chiu SingPH (DAP)26 November 2021[48] 2001Lost preselection
N03Tanjong DatuJamilah AnuGPS (PBB)1 December 2021[49] 2017Retirement
N49NgemahAlexander VincentGPS (PRS)3 December 2021[50] 2011Lost preselection
N28LinggaSimoi PeriGPS (PBB)3 December 2021[51] 2006
N57TellianYussibnosh Balo3 December 2021[52] 2014
N52DudongTiong Thai KingPSB4 December 2021[53] 2016
N39KrianAli BijuPN (BERSATU)9 December 2021[54] 2011Withdrew nomination

Electoral candidates

Parliamentary constituencyState constituencyIncumbent MLAPolitical coalitionsOther parties/
Independent
Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS)Pakatan Harapan (PH)Gabungan Anak Sarawak (GAGAS)
Candidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate namePartyCandidate nameParty
P192Mas GadingN01OparRanum Mina (PSB)Billy SujangSUPPMeneng BirisPKRSaini KakongPBDSBRanum MinaPSB
Bayang TeronSEDAR
Freedy MisidPBK
N02Tasik BiruHenry Harry Jinep (GPS)Henry Harry JinepPDPGranda AingDAPTiki LafePSB
Paul Shanon Kenbel BarinPBK
P193SantubongN03Tanjong DatuJamilah Anu (GPS)Azizul Annuar AdenanPBBJery'in FauziPSB
Goem PijarPBK
Abdul Talib BaeeIND
N04Pantai DamaiAbdul Rahman Junaidi (GPS)Abdul Rahman JunaidiPBBMahmud SabliPSB
N05Demak LautHazland Abang Hipni (GPS)Hazland Abang HipniPBBMohamad Zen PeliAMANAHYatika JelaniPSB
Khairul AhmadIND
P194Petra JayaN06TupongFazzrudin Abdul Rahman (GPS)Fazzrudin Abdul RahmanPBBAhmad Nazib JohariPKRChan Haong YenPBK
N07SamariangSharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman Ghazali (GPS)Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman GhazaliPBBAbang Abdul Halil Abang NailiAMANAHOthman AbdillahSEDAR
N08SatokAbang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg (GPS)Ibrahim BakiPBBNor Irwan Ahmat NorPKRAwang Badele Awang AliPBK
P195Bandar KuchingN09PadunganWong King Wei (IND)Wee Hong SengSUPPChong Chieng JenDAPLina SooASPIRASIRaymond Thong Ee YuPBK
N10PendingViolet Yong Wui Wui (PH)Milton Foo Tiang WeeSUPPViolet Yong Wui WuiDAPChang Chee HiongASPIRASITan Kay HokPSB
Patrick Teo Kuang KimPBK
N11Batu LintangSee Chee How (PSB)Sih Hua TongSUPPCherishe Ng Phuay HuiPKRLeong Shaow TungASPIRASISee Chee HowPSB
Voon Lee ShanPBK
P196StampinN12Kota SentosaChong Chieng Jen (PH)Wilfred Yap Yau SinSUPPMichael Kong Feng NianDAPTan Kok ChiangASPIRASIJohn Lau Pang HengPSB
Lue Cheng HingPBK
N13Batu KitangLo Khere Chiang (GPS)Lo Khere ChiangSUPPAbdul Aziz IsaDAPLiu Thian LeongPSB
Wong Tun TeckPBK
N14Batu KawahSim Kui Hian (GPS)Sim Kui HianSUPPKelvin Yii Lee WuenDAPFong Pau TeckASPIRASIChai Keuh KhunPBK
P197Kota SamarahanN15AsajayaAbdul Karim Rahman Hamzah (GPS)Abdul Karim Rahman HamzahPBBMahmud EpahPKRIshak BujiPSB
Mohamad Mahdeen SaharuddinPBK
N16Muara TuangIdris Buang (GPS)Idris BuangPBBDaud EaliAMANAHYakup KhalidPSB
Sigandam SulaimanPBK
Hipni SulaimanSEDAR
Ismawi MuhammadIND
N17StakanMohamad Ali Mahmud (GPS)Hamzah BrahimPBBLeslie Ting Xiang ZhiDAPGeorge Young Si Ricord JuniorPSB
Atet DegoPBK
P198Puncak BorneoN18SerembuMiro Simuh (GPS)Miro SimuhPBBMichael SawingPKRBuln RibosASPIRASIIana AkamPSB
Jecky MisiengPBK
N19MambongJerip Susil (GPS)Jerip SusilPBBChan Hon HiungDAPChong Siew HungASPIRASISanjan DaikPSB
Joshua RomanPBK
N20TaratRoland Sagah Wee Inn (GPS)Roland Sagah Wee InnPBBChristo MichaelPKRDadi Tiap JuulPSB
Edison JamangPBK
Bai DungakIND
P199SerianN21TebeduMichael Manyin Jawong (GPS)Simon Sinang BadaPBBSenior William RadePKRCheyne KambengPSB
Jonathan LantikPBK
Roland BanguIND
N22KedupMaclaine Ben (GPS)Maclaine BenPBBLaerry JabongDAPDominic Dado SaginPSB
Stephen Morgan SuganPBK
N23Bukit SemujaJohn Ilus (GPS)John IlusPBBBrolin Nicholsion Benedict AchungDAPElsiy TingangPSB
Edward Andrew LuakPBK
P200Batang SadongN24Sadong JayaAidel Lariwoo (GPS)Aidel LariwooPBBPiee Bin LingPKRNur Khairunisa AbdullahPSB
Jolhi BeePBK
N25SimunjanAwla Dris (GPS)Awla DrisPBBHapeni FadilPKRRaily AliPSB
Saharuddin AbdullahPBK
N26GedongNaroden Majais (GPS)Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang OpengPBBKamal BujangAMANAHMohamad Sofian Fariz SharbiniPSB
Tomson AngoPBK
P201Batang LuparN27SebuyauJulaihi Narawi (GPS)Julaihi NarawiPBBWel @ Maxwel RojisAMANAHWan Chee Wan MahjarPBK
N28LinggaSimoi Peri (GPS)Dayang Noorazah Awang SohorPBBAbang Abdul Kasim Abang BujangPKRWan Abdillah Edruce Wan Abdul RahmanPSB
Baha ImanPBK
Abang Ahmad Abang SuniSEDAR
Mohd Sepian Abang DaudIND
N29Beting MaroRazaili Gapor (GPS)Razaili GaporPBBAbang Zulkifli Abang EngkehPKRJackie ChiewPBK
Mohammad Arifiriazul PaijoPAS
Safiudin MatsahIND
P202Sri AmanN30Balai RinginSnowdan Lawan (GPS)Snowdan LawanPRSMasir KujatPSB
Kasim ManaPBK
N31Bukit BegunanMong Dagang (GPS)Mong DagangPRSEntusa ImanPBDSBNorina Umoi UtotPSB
Winton LanggangPBK
N32SimanggangFrancis Harden Hollis (GPS)Francis Harden HollisSUPPLeon Jimat DonaldDAPWilson EntabangPSB
Peli AronPBK
P203Lubok AntuN33EngkililiJohnical Rayong Ngipa (PSB)Desmond Sateng SanjanSUPPJohnical Rayong NgipaPSB
Stel DatuPBK
Gemong BatuIND
N34Batang AiMalcom Mussen Lamoh (GPS)Malcom Mussen LamohPRSWilliam Nyallau BadakPSB
Usup AsunPBK
John Linang MereejonIND
P204BetongN35SaribasRicky Sitam (GPS)Ricky SitamPBBPatek KamisPKRMelaini BolhassanPSB
Sim Min LeongPBK
Kurnaen BobenSEDAR
N36LayarGerald Rentap Jabu (GPS)Gerald Rentap JabuPBBIsik UtauPSB
N37Bukit SabanDouglas Uggah Embas (GPS)Douglas Uggah EmbasPBBMikail Mathew AbdullahPKRAndria Gelayan DundangPSB
P205SaratokN38KalakaAbdul Wahab Aziz (GPS)Mohamad DuriPBBJohn Antau LinggangPSB
Linang ChapumPBK
N39KrianAli Biju (PN)Friday BelikPDPAli BijuIND
Musa DinggatPSB
Danny Kuan San SuiPBK
N40KabongMohd Chee Kadir (GPS)Mohd Chee KadirPBBHud Andri ZulkarnainAMANAHWan Mohamad Madehi Wan AliPSB
Mohammad Asri KassimPBK
P206Tanjong ManisN41Kuala RajangLen Talif Salleh (GPS)Len Talif SallehPBBAbang Aditajaya Abang AlwiIND
Abdul Mutalip AbdullahIND
Wong Ching LingPBK
N42SemopAbdullah Saidol (GPS)Abdullah SaidolPBBMohamad Fadillah SabaliAMANAHAbdul Raafidin MajidiPSB
Jenny Wong Khing LingPBK
Mohd Adnan JulkeppilIND
P207IganN43DaroSafiee Ahmad (GPS)Safiee AhmadPBBTing Ing HuaPBK
Jamal IbrahimIND
N44JemorengJuanda Jaya (GPS)Juanda JayaPBBZainab SuhailiAMANAHOsman RafaieIND
P208SarikeiN45RepokHuang Tiong Sii (GPS)Huang Tiong SiiSUPPPhilip Wong Pack MingDAPWong Chin KingASPIRASIWong Kung KingPBK
N46MeradongDing Kuong Hiing (GPS)Ding Kuong HiingSUPPYong Siew WeiDAPChris Hii Ru YeePSB
Moh Hiong KingPBK
P209JulauN47PakanWilliam Mawan Ikom (GPS)William Mawan IkomPBBHereward Gramong Joseph AllenPSB
Jemeli KerahPBK
Tedong GundaIND
Brawi AngguongIND
N48MeluanRolland Duat Jubin (GPS)Rolland Duat JubinPDPElly Lawai NgalaiPSB
Abdul Hamid SiongPBK
P210KanowitN49NgemahAlexander Vincent (GPS)Anyi JanaPRSSatu AnchomPKRLeo BunsuPBDSBJoseph Jawa KendawangPSB
Charlie GenamPBK
N50MachanAllan Siden Gramong (GPS)Allan Siden GramongPBBMuhammad Fauzi Joseph UsitPKRNgelayang UnauASPIRASIMadang DimbabPSB
Mary Rita MathiasPBK
P211LanangN51Bukit AssekIrene Mary Chang Oi Ling (PH)Joseph Chieng Jin EkSUPPIrene Mary Chang Oi LingDAPJess Lau Kiu MingASPIRASITing Kee NguanPSB
Priscilla LauPBK
Hii Tiong HuatIND
N52DudongTiong Thai King (PSB)Tiong King SingPDPPaul LingDAPJosephine Lau Kiew PengASPIRASIWong Hui PingPSB
Jane Lau Sing YeePBK
Julius EnchanaPBDSBFadhil Mohd IsaIND
Engga UnchatIND
P212SibuN53Bawang AssanWong Soon Koh (PSB)Robert Lau Hui YewSUPPAmy Lau Bik YinDAPWong Soon KohPSB
Michelle Ling Shyan MihPBK
Ricky EnteriIND
N54PelawanDavid Wong Kee Woan (PH)Michael Tiang Ming TeeSUPPDavid Wong Kee WoanDAPJanet Loh Wui PingASPIRASILow Chong NguanPSB
Jamie Tiew Yen HoungPBK
N55NangkaAnnuar Rapaee (GPS)Annuar RapaeePBBIntanurazean Wan Sapuan DaudPSB
Olivia Lim Wen SiaPBK
P213MukahN56DalatFatimah Abdullah (GPS)Fatimah AbdullahPBBSalleh MahaliPBK
N57TellianYussibnosh Balo (GPS)Royston ValentinePBBMohd Arwin AbdullahPKRSait JunaidiPSB
Zainuddin BudugPBK
N58BalingianAbdul Yakub Arbi (GPS)Abdul Yakub ArbiPBBAbdul Jalil BujangPKRYusuf Abdul RahmanPSB
P214SelangauN59TaminChristopher Gira Sambang (GPS)Christopher Gira SambangPRSJoseph Entulu BelaunPSB
N60KakusJohn Sikie Tayai (GPS)John Sikie TayaiPRSJoshua JabengPKRPeter TuanPSB
Philip KelanangPSB
Ugik SelipehIND
Tiun KanunIND
P215KapitN61PelagusWilson Nyabong Ijang (GPS)Wilson Nyabong IjangPRSSolomon KumbongDAPMoses RipaiPBDSBKristoffer Nyuak BajokPSB
Nyambong SibatPBK
N62KatibasAmbrose Blikau Enturan (GPS)Lidam AssanPBBMunan LajaPKRSai MalakaPBDSBRobertson Mawa LuatPSB
Yunus BasriPBK
Tengku GerunaIND
N63Bukit GoramJefferson Jamit Unyat (GPS)Jefferson Jamit UnyatPBBJoseph JinggutDAPRobert SawengPBDSBRobert SegiePSB
Puso BujangPBK
P216Hulu RajangN64BalehNicholas Kudi Jantai MasingPRSKenneth Usang GeorgeDAPKoh KumbongPSB
Sukarno Layau Mayau @ Iskandar AbdullahPBK
N65BelagaLiwan Lagang (GPS)Liwan LagangPRSHenry Usat BitPSB
John BampaPBK
Siki BalarikIND
N66MurumKennedy Chukpai Ugon (GPS)Kennedy Chukpai UgonPRSAni AmatPKR Kenneth Adan SilekPBDSBStanley Ajang BatokPSB
P217BintuluN67JepakTalib Zulpilip (GPS)Talib ZulpilipPBBRaba'ah TudinPSB
Stevenson Joseph SumbangPBK
Ani KazanIND
N68Tanjong BatuChiew Chiu Sing (PH)Johny Pang Leong MingSUPPChiew Chan YewDAPChieng Lea PhingASPIRASINicholas Tang Eng HuiPSB
Andy Yek Hock SiangPBK
Wong Hau MingIND
N69KemenaStephen Rundi Utom (GPS)Stephen Rundi UtomPBBJohn Bryan AnthonyDAPBernard Tahim BaelPSB
Chelea Vanissa WilliamPBK
Jame Stephen Randi SekalaiIND
N70SamalajuMajang Renggi (GPS)Majang RenggiPRSTony UngDAPBaba EmperamPBDSBReggie SuelPSB
Leighton ManjahPBK
P218SibutiN71BekenuRosey Yunus (GPS)Rosey YunusPBBNorhafizah Mohammad JohariePKRAbu Bakar AmitPSB
Desmond Ghani PengiranPBK
N72LambirRipin Lamat (GPS)Ripin LamatPBBZolhaidah SubohPKRLila MohamadPSB
Dyanne Oshield NicksonPBK
P219MiriN73PiasauSebastian Ting Chiew Yew (GPS)Sebastian Ting Chiew YewSUPPPeter Hee Leh KengDAPHanim JaraeeASPIRASISteve Teo Jia JunPSB
Devora Chung Shiew YenPBK
N74PujutAdam Yii Siew SangSUPPAlan Ling Sie KiongDAPErick Chin Fen SiongASPIRASIBruce Chai Khim CheongPSB
Leslie Ting Siong NgiapPBK
N75SenadinLee Kim Shin (GPS)Lee Kim ShinSUPPMarcus HugoDAPBobby WilliamPBDSBSuzanne Lee Tze HaPSB
Eric Ngieng Sheng JunPBK
P220BaramN76MarudiPenguang Manggil (GPS)Penguang ManggilPDPElias Lipi MatPKRSawing KeditPBDSBSylvester Entri MuranPSB
Pierre Gilbert YongPBK
N77Telang UsanDennis Ngau (GPS)Dennis NgauPBBPhilip Jau DingPKRJau JokPSB
Gia BalaPBK
N78MuluGerawat Gala (GPS)Gerawat GalaPBBRoland EnganPKRSon RaduPSB
Richard IbuhPBK
P221LimbangN79Bukit KotaAbdul Rahman Ismail (GPS)Abdul Rahman IsmailPBBRosli AmatPSB
Lim Lian HunPBK
Herun BungsuIND
N80Batu DanauPaulus Palu Gumbang (GPS)Paulus Palu GumbangPBBRacha BalangPKRAli AdapPSB
Petrus BulanPBK
P222LawasN81Ba'kelalanBaru Bian (PSB)Sam LayaPDPMartin Samuel LaboPKRBaru BianPSB
Pita AsutPBK
Agnes PadanIND
N82Bukit SariAwang Tengah Ali Hasan (GPS)Awang Tengah Ali HasanPBBAlias MailPSB
Riyah BasrahPBK
Source:[55]

Results

See main article: article and Results of the 2021 Sarawak state election.

Seats that changed allegiance

State constituencyBeforeAfter
N01OparParti Sarawak BersatuGabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)
N12Kota SentosaPakatan Harapan (DAP)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)
N39KrianPerikatan Nasional (BERSATU)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (PDP)
N51Bukit AssekPakatan Harapan (DAP)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)
N52DudongParti Sarawak BersatuGabungan Parti Sarawak (PDP)
N54PelawanPakatan Harapan (DAP)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)
N68Tanjong BatuPakatan Harapan (DAP)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)
N74PujutPakatan Harapan (DAP)Gabungan Parti Sarawak (SUPP)

Election pendulum

GOVERNMENT SEATS
Seat Member Party Margin
Marginal
Meluan Rolland Duat Jubin PDP 37.40
Ngemah Alexander Vincent PRS 46.13
Dudong Tiong Thai King (PSB) BN 46.36
Opar Ranum Mina (PSB) BN 50.06
Serembu Miro Simuh (PBB) BN 50.43
Simanggang Francis Harden Hollis SUPP 50.70
Pakan William Mawan Ikom PBB 50.90
Telang Usan Dennis Ngau PBB 51.33
Repok Huang Tiong Sii SUPP 51.96
Mambong Jerip Susil (PBB) BN 52.96
Batu Kitang Ir. Lo Khere Chiang SUPP 53.48
Murum Chukpai Ugon PRS 54.00
Batu Kawah Prof. Dr. Sim Kui Hian SUPP 54.12
Tamin Christopher Gira Sambang PRS 54.99
Tasik Biru Harry @ Henry Jinep PDP 55.13
Fairly safe
Meradong Ding Kuong Hiing SUPP 56.21
Marudi Penguang Manggil PDP 56.89
Piasau Sebastian Ting Chiew Yew SUPP 57.83
Balai Ringin Snowdan Lawan PRS 58.10
Senadin Lee Kim Shin SUPP 58.84
Bukit Semuja John Ilus (PBB) BN 59.64
Safe
Beting Maro Razaili Gapor PBB 60.14
Machan Allan Siden Gramong PBB 60.43
Mulu Gerawat Jala (PBB) BN 61.08
Layar Gerald Rentap Jabu PBB 61.10
Samalaju Majang Renggi PRS 61.34
Bawang Assan Wong Soon Koh (PSB) BN 61.62
Lingga Simoi Peri PBB 66.84
Lambir Ripin Lamat PBB 68.66
Jepak Talib Zulpilip PBB 68.82
Bukit Goram Jefferson Jamit Unyat PBB 69.57
Sebuyau Julaihi Narawi PBB 69.88
Engkilili Johnical Rayong Ngipa (PSB) BN 70.75
Simunjan Awla Idris PBB 71.14
Bekenu Rosey Yunus (PBB) BN 71.68
Kedup Martin Ben PBB 73.23
Tarat Roland Sagah Wee Inn PBB 73.61
Katibas Ambrose Blikau Enturan PBB 74.20
Batang Ai Malcom Mussen Lamoh PRS 74.20
Asajaya Abdul Karim Rahman Hamzah PBB 74.72
Kakus John Sikie Tayai PRS 75.21
Batu Danau Paulus Gumbang (PBB) BN 75.37
Kemena Stephen Rundi Utom PBB 75.58
Balingian Abdul Yakub Arbi PBB 77.18
Kabong Mohamad Chee Kadir PBB 77.35
Jemoreng Dr. Juanda Jaya PBB 77.43
Kalaka Abdul Wahab Aziz PBB 77.57
Nangka Dr. Annuar Rapaee PBB 77.62
Gedong Mohd. Naroden Majais PBB 78.77
Satok Abang Abdul Rahman Zohari Abang Openg PBB 79.12
Tupong Fazzrudin Abdul Rahman PBB 79.12
Saribas Mohammad Razi Sitam PBB 79.57
Samariang Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman Ghazali PBB 80.16
Muara Tuang Idris Buang PBB 81.61
Sadong Jaya Aidel Lariwoo PBB 82.22
Pelagus Wilsong Nyabong Ijang PRS 82.26
Stakan Mohamad Ali Mahmud PBB 83.22
Bukit Saban Douglas Uggah Embas PBB 85.66
Semop Abdullah Saidol PBB 85.77
Tebedu Michael Manyin Jawong PBB 86.34
Bukit Begunan Mong Dagang PRS 86.65
Pantai Damai Dr. Abdul Rahman Junaidi PBB 86.62
Demak Laut Dr. Hazland Abang Hipni PBB 88.07
Tellian Yussibnosh Balo PBB 88.42
Kuala Rajang Len Talif Salleh PBB 88.60
Daro Safiee Ahmad PBB 89.78
Belaga Liwan Lagang PRS 89.96
Dalat Fatimah Abdullah @ Ting Sai Ming PBB 90.14
Baleh Dr. James Jemut Masing PRS 91.67
Tanjong Datu Jamilah Anu PBB 93.15
Uncontested
Bukit Kota Dr. Abdul Rahman Ismail PBB n/a
Bukit Sari Awang Tengah Ali Hassan PBB n/a
NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS
Seat Member Party Margin
Marginal
Pujut Vacant DAP 52.57
Ba'kelalan Baru Bian (PSB) PKR 55.20
Fairly safe
Kota Sentosa Chong Chieng Jen DAP 58.16
Pelawan David Wong Kee Woan DAP 58.30
Krian Ali Biju (BERSATU) PKR 58.98
Tanjong Batu Chiew Chiu Sing DAP 59.10
Safe
Bukit Assek Irene Mary Chang Oi Ling DAP 61.05
Batu Lintang See Chee How (PSB) PKR 61.61
Pending Violet Yong Wui Wui DAP 62.60
Padungan Wong King Wei (Ind) DAP 64.31
GOVERNMENT SEATS
Seat Member Party Margin
Marginal
Michael Tiang Ming Tee SUPP 27.70
SUPP 34.94
Johnny Pang Leong Ming SUPP 35.38
William Mawan Ikom PBB 41.13
Wilfred Yap Yau Sin SUPP 43.05
Friday Belik PDP 43.67
Malcolm Mussen Lamoh PRS 44.59
Adam Yii Siew Sang SUPP 44.86
Anyi Jana PRS 46.23
Billy Sujang SUPP 46.77
PDP 46.99
Francis Harden Hollis SUPP 48.94
Razaili Gapor PBB 51.62
Jerip Susil PBB 52.00
John Sikie Tayai PRS 52.35
Paulus Palu Gumbang PBB 53.14
Rolland Duat Jubin PDP 53.21
Allan Siden Gramong PBB 53.66
Henry Harry Jinep PDP 53.71
Fairly safe
PRS 56.29
Snowdan Lawan PRS 56.38
Lo Khere Chiang SUPP 57.66
Miro Simuh PBB 57.69
Dayang Noorazah Awang Sohor PBB 58.10
SUPP 58.24
Mong Dagang PRS 58.69
Dennis Ngau PBB 59.76
Safe
Roland Sagah Wee Inn PBB 60.25
Simon Sinang Bada PBB 61.82
Nicholas Kudi Jantai PRS 61.85
SUPP 62.30
Stephen Rundi Utom PBB 62.82
Martin Ben PBB 63.34
Idris Buang PBB 63.63
Abdullah Saidol PBB 64.58
Christopher Gira Sambang PRS 64.99
Lidam Assan PBB 64.62
Razi Sitam PBB 65.52
Kennedy Chukpai Ugon PRS 66.23
SUPP 66.61
Gerawat Gala PBB 66.67
Majang Renggi PRS 67.05
Mohd Chee Kadir PBB 67.32
Gerald Rentap Jabu PBB 67.75
Jefferson Jamit Unyat PBB 68.45
Ripin Lamat PBB 69.15
Talib Zulpilip PBB 69.44
PBB 70.04
John Ilus PBB 70.06
Royston Valentine PBB 70.10
SUPP 70.20
Len Talif Salleh PBB 70.35
Liwan Lagang PRS 70.52
Abdul Yakub Arbi PBB 71.13
Mohamad Duri PBB 72.43
Hamzah Brahim PBB 72.45
Awla Dris PBB 73.02
Huang Tiong Sii SUPP 73.15
PDP 74.53
PBB 77.94
Hazland Abang Hipni PBB 78.25
Abdul Rahman Ismail PBB 78.80
Julaihi Narawi PBB 79.30
Azizul Annuar Adenan PBB 79.39
Rosey Yunus PBB 79.58
PBB 81.88
Abdul Rahman Junaidi PBB 82.19
Aidel Lariwoo PBB 82.96
Ibrahim Baki PBB 83.58
PBB 84.09
Fazzrudin Abdul Rahman PBB 85.24
Juanda Jaya PBB 86.80
PBB 87.48
Sharifah Hasidah Sayeed Aman Ghazali PBB 87.61
Safiee Ahmad PBB 93.18
Fatimah Abdullah PBB 93.90
NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS
Seat Member Party Margin
Marginal
See Chee How PSB 35.86
DAP 40.29
PSB 43.25
Johnical Rayong Ngipa PSB 43.48
DAP 50.40
PSB 54.66

Aftermath

Abang Zohari were sworn in as the Chief Minister before the Yang di-Pertua Negeri at The Astana, Sarawak in the night of the election, even before Election Commission released the final tally of all the votes, as it was confirmed by EC that GPS has won the election with a supermajority.[56] His cabinet, announced on 30 December, were sworn in on 4 January 2022 at the Sarawak Legislative Assembly building, in a historic virtual ceremony before the Yang di-Pertua Negeri, via video conference from The Astana, as Covid-19 restrictions were still in force.[57] [58]

Wong Soon Koh, the president of PSB and MLA for Bawang Assan, were appointed as Sarawak State Opposition Leader.[59]

See Chee How, the MLA for Batu Lintang, announced on 12 August 2022 that he is leaving PSB and becoming an independent MLA, leaving PSB with 3 MLAs and the Opposition with 5 MLAs in the Legislative Assembly.[60]

On 6 April 2024, Wong confirmed that the Registrar of Societies had approved the application of PSB to be dissolved on 19 March 2024 and all 80,000 PSB members had joined the PDP upon the dissolution. PDP President Tiong King Sing also appointed Wong as the Senior Vice President, Johnical Rayong Ngipa and Baru Bian as Vice Presidents of PDP. Upon the dissolution of PSB and the joining of its members in GPS, which was the state ruling coalition, Chong Chieng Jen of DAP took office as the Sarawak State Opposition Leader for the second term after the Sarawak opposition was left with only PH (DAP) who were represented by only two MLAs Chong himself who was the Padungan MLA and Pending MLA Violet Yong Wui Wui. GPS also increased its seat to 79 of the 82 seats in the State Assembly, after remaining 3 of PSB's MLAs joined PDP.[61]

Notes and References

  1. Gabungan Parti Sarawak was a new coalition formed from several existing parties in the immediate aftermath of the 2018 federal election. The component parties (PBB, PRS, SUPP and PDP) held a collective total of 61 seats in the last election.
  2. PSB did not formally contest the last election. However, five of the six current sitting MLAs participated in the last election as partyless Barisan Nasional candidates.
  3. Web site: Term of Sarawak's legislative assembly ends, but it will continue until Feb 2 due to state of emergency . The Straits Times . 7 June 2021 . 6 June 2021.
  4. Web site: Dr Sim: No election in Sarawak until after Feb 2, 2022 due to Emergency. 2021-07-31. Borneo Post Online. en-US.
  5. News: Emergency in Sarawak lifted . The Star. Sharon Ling. 3 November 2021. 3 November 2021.
  6. News: GPS officially wins 76 out of 82 seats following thumping victory in Mulu . The Borneo Post. Samuel Aubrey. 19 December 2021. 20 December 2021.
  7. Web site: Mawan in a Catch-22 situation. Borneo Post. 2 August 2016. 31 August 2016.
  8. Web site: UPP ready to soar to greater heights. Borneo Post. 16 August 2016. 16 August 2016.
  9. Web site: PBB now controls 45 of 82 Sarawak state seats. Free Malaysia Today. 16 August 2016. 16 August 2016. 17 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160817183923/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/08/16/pbb-now-controls-45-of-82-sarawak-state-seats/. dead.
  10. Web site: Adenan passes away. The Borneo Post. 11 January 2017. 12 January 2017.
  11. Web site: Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact. Sharon Ling. Geryl Ogilvy. The Star. 12 June 2018. 12 June 2018.
  12. Web site: Malaysia's Sarawak State Government leaves Barisan Nasional: Statement. Bloomberg. The Edge Markets. 12 June 2018. 12 June 2018.
  13. Web site: Commentary: Free from the shackles of a fallen coalition, does Sarawak parties leaving spell the end of the Barisan Nasional?. Lee Poh Onn. Channel NewsAsia. 15 June 2018. 15 June 2018. 12 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190612100628/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/commentary/sarawak-parties-leave-barisan-nasional-end-of-coalition-10430826. dead.
  14. News: Padungan rep Wong King Wei announces resignation from DAP . 11 August 2020 . . 27 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727043100/https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/07/27/padungan-rep-wong-king-wei-announces-resignation-from-dap/ . live . 27 July 2020 . en-MY.
  15. News: Wong Soon Koh now the opposition leader in Sarawak . 21 November 2020 . The New Sarawak . 9 November 2020 . 19 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201219165326/https://thenewsarawak.com/wong-soon-koh-now-the-opposition-leader-in-sarawak/ . dead .
  16. News: Aubrey . Samuel . New Gasak party wants to contest in all 82 seats in next state election . 27 September 2020 . . 1 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200923025837/https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/08/01/new-gasak-party-wants-to-contest-in-all-82-seats-in-next-state-election/ . 23 September 2020 . Kuching . live.
  17. Web site: Local coalition Gasak eyes 50 seats in next state election. live. 25 October 2021. DayakDaily. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205084037/https://dayakdaily.com/local-coalition-gasak-eyes-50-seats-in-next-state-election/ . 2020-12-05 .
  18. News: Then . Stephen . Sarawak state polls likely in November . 27 September 2020 . . 9 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913102653/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/07/09/sarawak-state-polls-likely-in-november . 13 September 2020 . Miri . live.
  19. News: Cheng . Lian . PKR Sarawak 'unperturbed' by PSB going solo in upcoming state elections . 27 September 2020 . Dayak Daily . 2 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200918172803/https://dayakdaily.com/pkr-sarawak-unperturbed-by-psb-going-solo-in-upcoming-state-elections/ . 18 September 2020 . Kuching . live.
  20. Web site: 2021-12-03. Pejuang tidak terlibat dalam PRN Sarawak. 2021-12-03. Malaysiakini.
  21. Web site: PRN Sarawak: Selepas Bersatu, giliran BN umum tidak letak calon. live. 2021-12-03. www.astroawani.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20211203111628/https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/prn-sarawak-selepas-bersatu-giliran-bn-umum-tidak-letak-calon-333180 . 2021-12-03 .
  22. Web site: Teras cites lack of preparation as reason for staying out of S'wak polls. 2021-12-03. Borneo Post Online. en-US.
  23. Web site: Mutalib. Mohd Hafiz Abd. 2021-12-02. Pas bertanding untuk luaskan pengaruh di Sarawak. 2021-12-03. Utusan Digital. ms-MY.
  24. Web site: Here's The Fastest Way To Register As A Voter Before The Next Elections. Nandini Balakrishnan. Says.com. 28 September 2016. 9 May 2018. Qualifications needed to register as a voter in Malaysia:
    a) A Malaysian citizen above the age of 21.
    b) A resident of an election constituency.
    c) Is not disqualified by any laws..
  25. Web site: A Young Malaysian's Guide to the Election. Juice. 30 March 2018. 9 May 2018. You are not eligible to register if you are:
    a) on the qualifying date, you are serving jail term or detained as a person of unsound mind.
    b) before the qualifying date, you have been convicted or sentenced to death or serving a jail term of more than 12 months and you're still liable on the qualifying date.
    c) found guilty under the Election Offences Act, 1954.
    d) have a foreign citizenship (Malaysian citizenship law does not permit a Malaysian to carry dual citizenship)..
  26. Web site: Age of Majority Act 1971. The Commissioner of Law Revision, Malaysia. 22 April 1971. 9 May 2018.
  27. Web site: Dewan Rakyat passes Bill to amend Federal Constitution to lower voting age to 18. Martin Carvalho. Hemananthani Sivanandam. Rahimy Rahim. Tarrence Tan. The Star. 16 July 2019. 16 July 2019.
  28. Web site: Federal Gazette: Undi18, automatic voter registration to come into effect Dec 15 before Sarawak polls. 2021-12-01. Borneo Post Online. en-US. 2021-12-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20211201162045/https://www.theborneopost.com/2021/12/01/federal-gazette-undi18-automatic-voter-registration-to-come-into-effect-dec-15-before-sarawak-polls/. dead.
  29. Web site: No go for 18-year-old voters in 12th Sarawak polls, Undi18 lawyer confirms. 2021-12-02. Borneo Post Online. en-US.
  30. Web site: 2021-12-01. Undi18 to come into force Dec 15, but might still be too late for S'wak. 2021-12-01. Malaysiakini.
  31. Web site: Karim: 18-year-olds who registered as voters before Nov 2 can take part this coming polls. 2021-12-03. Borneo Post Online. en-US.
  32. Web site: Sarawak Seat Background and Incumbents.
  33. Laporan Kajian Semula Persempadanan Mengenai Syor-Syor Yang Dicadangkan bagi Bahagian-Bahagian Pilihan Raya Persekutuan dan Negeri Di Dalam Negeri Sabah Kali Keenam Tahun 2017. Suruhanjaya Pilihanraya Malaysia. 2019-10-02. ms.
  34. Only list out districts with significant composition, for a detail border please refer STATE ADMINISTRATION & ELECTORAL MAP - Tindak Malaysia
  35. Web site: 6 December 2021. Kenyataan Media: Proses Penamaan Calon Pilihan Raya Umum DUN Sarawak Ke-12. Media Release: 12th Sarawak State Legislative Assembly General Election Candidate Nominations Process. live. https://archive.today/20211211205719/https://www.spr.gov.my/sites/default/files/KM%20BIL%2032%202021%20PROSES%20PENAMAAN%20CALON%20PRU%20DUN%20SARAWAK%20KE-12.pdf. 11 December 2021. PNG. 12 December 2021. Election Commission of Malaysia. ms-Latn-MY.
  36. News: Pelbagai kaedah kreatif lengkapkan kempen PRN Sarawak. 9 December 2021. 25 December 2021. ms. Sinar Harian.
  37. News: Aktiviti ceramah, syarahan hanya di 64 kawasan. 5 December 2021. 25 December 2021. ms. Berita Harian.
  38. News: Selain secara maya, pelbagai kaedah kreatif terus difikirkan untuk lengkapkan kempen PRN. 9 December 2021. 25 December 2021. ms. Utusan Borneo.
  39. News: PRN Sarawak: Kempen semakin agresif. 12 December 2021. 25 December 2021. ms. Harian Metro. M Hifzuddin Ikhsan.
  40. Web site: 2020-02-11. Federal Court disqualifies DAP's Ting as Pujut rep. The Star.
  41. News: PRN Sarawak: Abdul Wahab Aziz tidak akan pertahan DUN Kalaka. Sarawak state election: Abdul Wahab Aziz will not defend Kalaka's seat. 9 July 2020. 6 November 2021. Astro Awani. ms.
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