| Election Name: | 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type: | parliamentary | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noleader: | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ongoing: | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Seats For Election: | All 316 seats to the House of Representatives of the Philippines, including 63 party-list seats | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Majority Seats: | 159 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country: | Philippines | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Previous Election: | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Next Election: | 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections were the 36th lower house elections in the Philippines. The election of the House of Representatives was held on May 9, 2022.
The election is held concurrently with the 2022 presidential, Senate and local elections. A voter has two votes in the House of Representatives: one for the congressional district, and one for party-list. Parties of leading presidential candidates are expected to stand candidates in many districts. In the outgoing 18th Congress, there are 243 congressional districts.
There are 253 congressional districts for this election, which means 63 seats, or at least 20% of the seats, disputed in the party-list election. The party-list election is done on a nationwide, at-large basis, separate and distinct from the election from the congressional districts.
Allies of presidential-elect Bongbong Marcos won a majority of the seats, with his cousin Martin Romualdez being elected as speaker.
See main article: 18th Congress of the Philippines. In the 18th Congress of the Philippines, the parties supporting President Rodrigo Duterte disputed the speakership, Alan Peter Cayetano of the Nacionalista Party, Lord Allan Jay Velasco of PDP–Laban, and the National Unity Party's (NUP) Paolo Duterte emerged as the front-runners to be speaker. The president pushed for a term-sharing agreement between Cayetano and Velasco, with Cayetano serving from July 2019 to October 2020, then Velasco serving until 2022. The younger Duterte disapproved of term-sharing, though. Cayetano was elected Speaker in July 2019.[1]
By March 2020, Cayetano allegedly met with representatives from the Nacionalistas and the NUP to consolidate support for his tenure as speaker. This allegedly involved declaring the position of Speaker vacant. and with Cayetano having enough votes to be reelected, override the original agreement in order to remain in position for the rest of the congressional term. Cayetano, when asked about this, said "I cannot predict what's going to happen sa (on the) floor which can happen anytime and any member can make any motion."[2]
Weeks before he was expected to turn over the speakership to Velasco, Cayetano said that Velasco's term should have started in November, as October is the 15th month, and it was brokered that he become speaker for the first 15 months. Aside from the speakership, only one committee chairmanship is expected to change hands, with all other positions unaffected by the change.[3]
In a September 29, 2020 meeting between President Duterte, Cayetano and Velasco, the president asked the representatives to abide by the gentleman's agreement.[4] Velasco rejected Duterte's suggestion to move the term-sharing deal from October to December.[5] On the October 1 session, Cayetano, who attacked Velasco for pushing through with the deal in the middle of the pandemic and while the budget was being tackled offered to resign as speaker, but it was rejected by his allies. A later vote showed that 184 representatives wanted Cayetano to stay as speaker, 1 dissented, and 9 abstained.[6]
At the next week, Congress suspended its session a week earlier than scheduled. At the session Cayetano moved to terminate the period of debates and amendments. After that was approved, another motion was approved for the 2021 budget to be approved on second reading. The session was then suspended until November 16. This meant that session was suspended before the expected transfer of power on October 14.[7] This put the status of the budget in time in doubt. Duterte called on Cayetano and Velasco to settle their differences or else he'll "do it for you". Duterte then called on a special session from October 13 to 16 to pass the budget.[8]
On October 11, pictures of Velasco and Davao City mayor Sara Duterte appeared on the internet, with the presidential daughter giving tacit approval of Velasco's speakership campaign.[9] On October 12, the day before the special session, Velasco and his allies gathered in the Celebrity Sports Plaza in Quezon City to elect new officials of the House of Representatives, including the speakership. Velasco was elected 186–0. Cayetano branded the session as illegal.[10] On the morning of the special session, Velasco allies entered the session hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex and elected Velasco as speaker in the same 186–0 result. While voting was ongoing, Cayetano resigned as speaker on Facebook live, giving Velasco the speakership undisputedly.[11] Velasco then recalled the budget from second reading, reopening deliberations for it.[12]
After Velasco and his allies consolidated leadership positions in the chamber, Cayetano and six of his allies launched "BTS sa Kongreso", or "Back to service in Congress" in January 2021. Cayetano clarified that his bloc was not named as such, in response to fans of South Korean boy band BTS who called out Cayetano using the name of the boy band for political motives.[13]
The Philippines uses parallel voting for its lower house elections. For this election, there are 316 seats in the House of Representatives; 253 of these are district representatives, and 63 are party-list representatives.[14]
Philippine law mandates that there should be one party-list representative for every four district representatives. District representatives are elected under the first-past-the-post system from single-member districts. Party-list representatives are elected via the nationwide vote with a 2% election threshold, with a party winning not more than three seats.[15] The party with the most votes usually wins three seats, then the other parties with more than 2% of the vote two seats. At this point, if all of the party-list seats are not filled up, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will win one seat each until all party-list seats are filled up.[16] The electoral system, with the 2% threshold and the 3-seat cap, encourage vote splitting; several parties have indeed exploited this, putting up separate party-lists for every sector so as not to waste their vote on just one party.[17]
Political parties competing in the party-list election are barred from participating district elections, and vice versa, unless permitted by the Commission on Elections. Party-lists and political parties participating in the district elections may forge coalition deals with one another.
Campaigning for elections from congressional districts seats are decidedly local; the candidates are most likely a part of an election slate that includes candidates for other positions in the locality, and slates may comprise different parties. The political parties contesting the election make no attempt to create a national campaign.
Party-list campaigning, on the other hand, is done on a national scale. Parties usually attempt to appeal to a specific demographic. Polling is usually conducted for the party-list election, while pollsters may release polls on specific district races. In district elections, pollsters do not attempt to make forecasts on how many votes a party would achieve, nor the number of seats a party would win; they do attempt to do that in party-list elections, though.
In the Philippines, Congress has the power to create new congressional districts. Congress can either redistrict the entire country within three years after each Philippine census, or create new districts from existing ones piecemeal, although Congress has never redistricted the entire country wholesale since the approval of the 1987 constitution. Congress usually creates a new district once a place reaches the minimum 250,000 population mandated by the constitution.[18]
New districts can also be created by creating new provinces and cities; in this case, it also must be approved by the people in a plebiscite in the affected places.
There are four new districts that will be first contested in 2022, based from redistricting laws passed by the 17th Congress that were not implemented in time for the 2019 election:[19]
It will also be the first election for Davao de Oro in that name, after the successful renaming plebiscite in 2019 from "Compostela Valley".[23]
In Palawan, a law was passed dividing it into three provinces, with each province and Puerto Princesa getting a new district each; Palawan and Puerto Princesa together presently has 3 districts. As this means creating new provinces, it had to be approved in a plebiscite before it can be made effective.[24] In the ensuing plebiscite held on March 13, 2021, the voters rejected division, thereby retaining the status quo of three districts shared between Palawan and Puerto Princesa.[25]
There are six new districts created by the 18th Congress that have either been signed by President Rodrigo Duterte, or lapsed into law:
In August 2021, the Commission on Elections set the number of seats to be disputed in the election. As there were 253 districts by that date, that means there will be 63 party-list seats to be disputed as well.[36]
| Congressional districts in the current Congress | 243 | |
| New districts from redistricting laws from previous Congress | 4 | |
| New districts from redistricting laws from current Congress | 6 | |
| Congressional districts in the next Congress | 253 | |
| Party-list seats for the next Congress | 63 | |
| Total seats for the next Congress | 316 |
|---|
As there shall be 253 districts in these elections, and that party-list seats shall also be 20% of the seats in the chamber, 63 seats are to be disputed under the party-list system. This means that the incoming 19th Congress will have 316 seats.
In both chambers of Congress, members are organized into "blocs", akin to parliamentary groups elsewhere. In keeping with the traditions of the Third Philippine Republic which was under a two-party system, there are two main blocs, the majority and minority blocs; this is despite the fact that the country is now in a multi-party system. Those who voted for the winning speaker are from the majority bloc, while those who did not (if there are more than two candidates for the speakership) will vote amongst themselves on who will be the minority bloc. Those who belong to neither bloc shall be the independent minority bloc. Members can also be from the independent bloc. Each bloc can have members from multiple parties. Only the majority and minority blocs have voting privileges in committees.
In the present 18th Congress, the majority bloc is seen to be in favor of President Rodrigo Duterte's presidency, while the minority and independent minority blocs are those opposed.
Political parties in the Philippines have been described as "temporary political alliances", or argued that there are no parties at all, just "fan clubs of politicians". Party-switching is not uncommon. The dependence of parties on personalities instead of issues is seen as a factor on why this is so.[39] [40]
| Party | 2019 results | Seats before the election | Bloc membership | Ideology | Political spectrum[41] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | Seat(s) | width=50px | Majority | width=50px | Minority | width=50px | Other | |||
| Social democracy Democratic socialism, Populism, Federalism | ||||||||||
| Conservatism, National conservatism, Populism | Center-right | |||||||||
| Conservatism, Social conservatism | Center-right | |||||||||
| Social conservatism, Christian democracy | ||||||||||
| Conservatism, Christian democracy | Centre-right | |||||||||
| Liberalism, Social liberalism | Centre to centre-left | |||||||||
| Other national parties and independents | Varies | Varies | ||||||||
| Local parties | Regionalists and localists | Varies | ||||||||
| Vacancy | colspan=5 | |||||||||
| Total congressional districts | ||||||||||
In party-list elections, parties, usually called as "party-lists" can represent ideological, sectoral or ethnolinguistic interests. These elections have allowed left-wing parties to enter the legislature, such as parties allied with the Makabayan and Akbayan, and right-wing parties such as Magdalo. Other parties represent sectoral interests such as Senior Citizens, who represent the elderly, or regionalists such as Ako Bikol who represent Bicolanos. While envisioned as a tool to allow the marginalized to enter the legislature, it has allowed politicians who had previously run and won in non-party-list elections and landed interests to win under the party-list banner as well. Party-list representatives have also run and won in elections outside the party-list system as well.
The Party-list Coalition has represented party-list interests in Congress starting in 2014. In the 18th Congress, all party-lists, save for those from Makabayan and Magdalo, are members of this group.[42] The Party-list Coalition participate in the election as individual member parties; the component parties of the Makabayan are in coalition with each other. The party-list representatives, save from the Makabayan bloc usually support the policies of the sitting president.
| Coalition | Current seats | Bloc membership | Ideology | Political spectrum | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority | Minority | Other | |||||
| Party-list Coalition | Varies | Big tent | |||||
| Makabayan | National democracy, Progressivism | Left-wing | |||||
| Magdalo | Conservatism | Right-wing | |||||
| Total party-list seats | |||||||
See main article: Retiring and term-limited incumbents in the 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections. Representatives who have been elected for three consecutive times on regular elections (special elections do not count) are prohibited from running for a fourth consecutive term. Incumbents on their first or second terms may opt to run for other offices.
These are incumbents who are on their third consecutive terms and cannot run for re-election but may run for other offices outside the House of Representatives.[43] Term-limited politicians usually run for local offices or swap positions with relatives.
| Abang Lingkod | Joseph Stephen Paduano | Party-list | ||||
| Abono | Conrado Estrella III | Party-list | ||||
| AGAP | Rico Geron | Party-list | ||||
| Edgar Erice | Caloocan–2nd | Mayor of Caloocan | Jacob Cabochan (not related) | [44] [45] | ||
| Carlos Isagani Zarate | Party-list | Not nominated nor running in 2022 | Bayan Muna's nominees are not related to Zarate. | |||
| Buhay | Lito Atienza | Party-list | Vice President of the Philippines | Buhay's nominees are not related to Atienza. | [46] [47] | |
| Maria Lourdes Acosta-Alba | Bukidnon–1st | Joeman Alba (husband) | [48] | |||
| Fredenil Castro | Capiz–2nd | Governor of Capiz | Former representative Jane Castro (wife) | [49] | ||
| Rodrigo Abellanosa | Cebu City–2nd | Not running in 2022 | BG Rodrigo Abellanosa (son) | [50] | ||
| Francis Gerald Abaya | Cavite–1st | Mayor of Kawit, Cavite | Paul Abaya (brother) | [51] | ||
| Isagani Amatong | Zamboanga del Norte–3rd | Not running in 2022 | Ian Amatong (son) | [52] | ||
| Kit Belmonte | Quezon City–6th | Not running in 2022 | None | [53] | ||
| Josephine Sato | Occidental Mindoro | Governor of Occidental Mindoro | Occidental Mindoro Provincial Board member Philip Ramirez (no relation) | [54] | ||
| Mindoro Bago Sarili | Paulino Salvador Leachon | Oriental Mindoro–1st | Governor of Oriental Mindoro | Calapan mayor Arnan Panaligan (not related) | [55] [56] | |
| Raneo Abu | Batangas–2nd | Not running in 2022 | Reina Abu (daughter) | [57] | ||
| Sol Aragones | Laguna–3rd | Governor of Laguna | None | [58] | ||
| Abdulmunir Mundoc Arbison | Sulu–2nd | Not running in 2022 | None | [59] | ||
| Mercedes Cagas | Davao del Sur | Not running in 2022 | Davao del Sur vice governor John Tracy Cagas (nephew) | [60] | ||
| Eileen Ermita-Buhain | Batangas–1st | Not running in 2022 | Former Philippine Sports Commission chairman Eric Buhain (husband) | [61] | ||
| Jun Chipeco Jr. | Calamba | Not running in 2022 | Calamba mayor Timmy Chipeco (son) | [62] | ||
| Lawrence Fortun | Agusan del Norte–1st | Vice mayor of Butuan | Butuan vice mayor Jose Aquino II (not related) | [63] | ||
| Jeffrey Khonghun | Zambales–1st | Mayor of Castillejos. Zambales | Zambales vice governor Jay Khonghun (brother) | [64] | ||
| Henry Oaminal | Misamis Occidental–2nd | Governor of Misamis Occidental | Ozamiz mayor Sancho Fernando Oaminal (son) | [65] | ||
| Jose Tejada | Cotabato–3rd | Not running in 2022 | Nelda Tejada (wife) | |||
| Erico Aristotle Aumentado | Bohol–2nd | Governor of Bohol | Vanessa Aumentado (wife) | [66] | ||
| Cheryl Deloso-Montalla | Zambales–2nd | Governor of Zambales | Former Zambales governor Amor Deloso (father) | [67] | ||
| Abdullah Dimaporo | Lanao del Norte–2nd | Not running in 2022 | Sittie Aminah Quibranza Dimaporo (daughter) | [68] | ||
| Evelina Escudero | Sorsogon–1st | Not running in 2022 | Dette Escudero (daughter) | [69] | ||
| Angelina Tan | Quezon–4th | Governor of Quezon | Mike Tan (son) | [70] | ||
| Noel Villanueva | Tarlac–3rd | Mayor of Concepcion, Tarlac | San Vicente (Concepcion, Tarlac) barangay captain Bong Rivera (no relation) | [71] [72] | ||
| Alex Advincula | Cavite–3rd | Mayor of Imus, Cavite | Imus councilor Adrian Jay Advincula (son) | [73] | ||
| Franz Alvarez | Palawan–1st | Not running in 2022 | Former representative Antonio Alvarez (father) | [74] | ||
| Wilfredo Caminero | Cebu–2nd | Mayor of Argao, Cebu | Cebu board member Tata Salvador (not related) | [75] [76] | ||
| Leo Rafael Cueva | Negros Occidental–2nd | Vice mayor of Sagay, Negros Occidental | Sagay mayor Alfredo Marañon III (cousin) | [77] [78] | ||
| Luis Ferrer IV | Cavite–6th | Mayor of General Trias, Cavite | General Trias mayor Antonio Ferrer (brother) | |||
| Gavini Pancho | Bulacan–2nd | Not running in 2022 | Tina Pancho (sister) | [79] | ||
| Abraham Tolentino | Cavite–8th | Mayor of Tagaytay, Cavite | Aniela Tolentino (daughter) | [80] | ||
| Juliette Uy | Misamis Oriental–2nd | Governor of Misamis Oriental | Former Misamis Oriental vice governor Julio Uy (husband) | [81] [82] | ||
| Rolando Uy | Cagayan de Oro–1st | Mayor of Cagayan de Oro | Cagayan de Oro vice mayor Kikang Uy (son) | [83] | ||
| Benjamin Agarao Jr. | Laguna–4th | Mayor of Santa Cruz, Laguna | Laguna board member Jam Agarao (daughter) | [84] | ||
| Rose Marie Arenas | Pangasinan–3rd | Retiring from politics | Movie and Television Review and Classification Board chairperson Maria Rachel Arenas (daughter) | [85] | ||
| Ferdinand Hernandez | South Cotabato–2nd | Governor of South Cotabato | Former representative Daisy Avance-Fuentes (not related) | [86] [87] | ||
| Dulce Ann Hofer | Zamboanga Sibugay–2nd | Governor of Zamboanga Sibugay | Former Zamboanga Sibugay provincial administrator George Hofer II (brother) | [88] | ||
| Elisa Olga Kho | Masbate–2nd | Vice governor of Masbate | Masbate vice governor Olga Ara Kho (daughter) | [89] | ||
| Eric Olivarez | Parañaque–1st | Mayor of Parañaque | Parañaque mayor Edwin Olivarez (brother) | [90] | ||
| Xavier Jesus Romualdo | Camiguin | Governor of Camiguin | Camiguin governor Jurdin Jesus Romualdo (father) | [91] | ||
| Estrellita Suansing | Nueva Ecija–1st | Not running in 2022 | Mika Suansing (daughter) | [92] | ||
| Lucy Torres | Leyte–4th | Mayor of Ormoc | Ormoc mayor Richard Gomez (husband) | [93] | ||
| Alfred Vargas | Quezon City–5th | Councilor of Quezon City | Quezon City councilor Patrick Michael Vargas (brother) | [94] [95] | ||
| Ronaldo Zamora | San Juan | Retiring from politics | Bel Zamora (daughter) | [96] [97] | ||
| Rogelio Neil Roque | Bukidnon–4th | Governor of Bukidnon | Valencia councilor Laarni Lavin-Roque (wife) | [98] [99] |
These were allowed defend their seats, but chose not to:
| Party | Member | District | Running in this position in 2022 | Party nominated (relation) | Refs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mike Defensor | Party-list | Mayor of Quezon City | [100] | |||
| Alfredo Garbin Jr. | Party-list | Mayor of Legazpi, Albay | [101] | |||
| Yul Servo | Manila–3rd | Vice mayor of Manila | Manila councilor Joel Chua (not related) | [102] [103] | ||
| Eufemia Cullamat | Party-list | Not nominated nor running in 2022 | None of Bayan Muna's nominees are relatives of Cullamat | [104] | ||
| Manuel Zubiri | Bukidnon–3rd | Governor of Bukidnon | Bukidnon governor Jose Maria Zubiri Jr. (father) | [105] | ||
| Alan Peter Cayetano | Taguig–Pateros–1st | Senator | None; running as an independent | [106] [107] | ||
| Sarah Elago | Party-list | Not nominated nor running in 2022 | None of Kabataan's nominees are relatives of Elago | [108] | ||
| Mikey Arroyo | Pampanga–2nd | Not running in 2022 | Former speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (mother) | [109] | ||
| Lorna Bautista-Bandigan | Davao Occidental | Vice governor of Davao Occidental | Davao Occidental governor Claude Bautista (brother) | [110] | ||
| Ramon Guico III | Pangasinan–5th | Governor of Pangasinan | Binalonan mayor Ramon Guico Jr. (father) | [111] | ||
| Roger Mercado | Southern Leyte | Not running in 2022 | Luz Mercado (wife) | [112] | ||
| Wilter Palma II | Zamboanga Sibugay–1st | Governor of Zamboanga Sibugay | Zamboanga Sibugay governor Wilter Palma (father) | |||
| Paz Radaza | Lapu-Lapu | Mayor of Lapu-Lapu City | Lapu-Lapu City councilor Michael Dignos (no relation) | [113] | ||
| Ansaruddin Alonto Adiong | Lanao del Sur–1st | Not running in 2022 | Member of the Bangsamoro Parliament Ziaur-Rahman Alonto-Adiong (brother) | [114] | ||
| Braeden John Biron | Iloilo–4th | Mayor of Dumangas, Iloilo | Former representative Ferjenel Biron (father) | [115] | ||
| Lani Cayetano | Taguig–2nd | Mayor of Taguig | Taguig councilor Pammy Zamora (not related) | |||
| Josal Fortuno | Camarines Sur–5th | Not running in 2022 | Camarines Sur governor Miguel Luis Villafuerte (not related) | [116] | ||
| Eduardo Gullas | Cebu–1st | Retiring from politics | Rhea Gullas (granddaughter-in-law) | [117] | ||
| Corazon Nuñez Malanyaon | Davao Oriental–1st | Governor of Davao Oriental | Davao Oriental governor Nelson Dayanghirang (not related) | |||
| Vilma Santos | Batangas–6th | Not running in 2022 | Senator Ralph Recto (husband) | [118] [119] [120] | ||
| Frederick Siao | Iligan | Mayor of Iligan | Former representative Vicente Belmonte Jr. (not related) | [121] | ||
| Sharee Ann Tan | Samar–2nd | Governor of Samar | None | [122] | ||
| Joseph Bernos | Abra | Mayor of La Paz, Abra | Mayor Ching Bernos (wife) | |||
| John Rey Tiangco | Navotas | Mayor of Navotas | Navotas mayor Toby Tiangco (brother) | [123] | ||
| Genaro Alvarez Jr. | Negros Occidental–6th | Not running in 2022 | Former representative Mercedes Alvarez (daughter) | [124] | ||
| Elias Bulut Jr. | Apayao | Governor of Apayao | Apayao governor Eleonor Bulut Begtang (sister) | [125] | ||
| Bayani Fernando | Marikina–1st | Mayor of Marikina | Former Marikina vice mayor Jose Fabian Cadiz (no relation) | [126] [127] | ||
| Weslie Gatchalian | Valenzuela–1st | Mayor of Valenzuela | Valenzuela mayor Rex Gatchalian (brother) | [128] | ||
| Cesar Jimenez Jr. | Zamboanga City–1st | Mayor of Zamboanga City | None | [129] | ||
| Loren Legarda | Antique | Senator | AA Legarda (brother) | [130] [131] | ||
| Dahlia Loyola | Cavite–5th | Mayor of Carmona, Cavite | Carmona mayor Roy Loyola (husband) | |||
| Pablo Ortega | La Union–1st | Not running in 2022 | La Union Provincial Board member Paolo Ortega V (son) | [132] | ||
| Vicente Veloso III | Leyte–3rd | Not running in 2022 | Leyte Provincial Board member Anna Victoria Veloso-Tuazon (daughter) | [133] | ||
| Narciso Bravo Jr. | Masbate–1st | Governor of Masbate | Former representative Maria Vida Bravo (wife) | [134] | ||
| Jose Ong Jr. | Northern Samar–2nd | Not running in 2022 | Laoang mayor Harris Ongchuan (nephew) | [135] | ||
| Strike Revilla | Cavite–2nd | Mayor of Bacoor, Cavite | Bacoor mayor Lani Mercado (sister-in-law) | |||
| Joy Tambunting | Parañaque–2nd | Not running in 2022 | [136] | |||
| One Muntinlupa | Ruffy Biazon | Muntinlupa | Mayor of Muntinlupa | Muntinlupa mayor Jaime Fresnedi (no relation) | [137] [138] | |
| Rogelio Pacquiao | Sarangani | Governor of Sarangani | Sarangani governor Steve Solon (not related) | [139] [140] | ||
| Joel Almario | Davao Oriental–2nd | Mayor of Mati, Davao Oriental | Mati councilor Cheeno Almario (son) | |||
| Angelica Amante | Agusan del Norte–2nd | Governor of Agusan del Norte | Agusan del Norte governor Dale Corvera (no relation) | [141] | ||
| Shirlyn Banas-Nograles | South Cotabato–1st | Mayor of General Santos | Danny Nograles (husband) | [142] [143] | ||
| Juan Pablo Bondoc | Pampanga–4th | Not running in 2022 | None | [144] | ||
| Joet Garcia | Bataan–2nd | Governor of Bataan | None | [145] | ||
| Along Malapitan | Caloocan–1st | Mayor of Caloocan | None | [146] [147] | ||
| Rashidin Matba | Tawi-Tawi | Not running in 2022 | Shepard Reyes (not related) | |||
| Alyssa Sheena Tan | Isabela–4th | Mayor of Santiago | Santiago mayor Joseph Tan (uncle) | [148] | ||
| Henry Villarica | Bulacan–4th | Mayor of Meycauayan | Meycauayan mayor Linabelle Villarica (wife) | [149] | ||
| Jose Singson Jr. | Party-list | Mayor of Vigan, Ilocos Sur | None of Probinsyano Ako's nominees are relatives of Singson | [150] | ||
| Rodante Marcoleta | Party-list | Senator | [151] | |||
| Esmael Mangudadatu | Maguindanao–2nd | Governor of Maguindanao | Former representative Dong Mangudadatu (brother) | [152] [153] | ||
These are the marginal seats that had a winning margin of 5% or less in the 2019 elections, in ascending order via margin:
| Manila–5th | Cristal Bagatsing | 0.83% | ||
| Dinagat Islands | Alan Ecleo | 0.92% | ||
| Pangasinan–5th | Ramon Guico III | 1.42% | ||
| Masbate–1st | Narciso Bravo Jr. | 1.45% | ||
| Misamis Occidental–1st | Diego Ty | 1.92% | ||
| Ifugao | Solomon Chungalao | 1.95% | ||
| Ilocos Sur–2nd | Kristine Singson-Meehan | 2.10% | ||
| Camarines Sur–2nd | Luis Raymund Villafuerte | 2.18% | ||
| Iligan | Frederick Siao | 2.27% | ||
| Batanes | Ciriaco Gato Jr. | 2.50% | ||
| Lanao del Sur–2nd | Yasser Balindong | 2.73% | ||
| Manila–2nd | Rolando Valeriano | 2.77% | ||
| Eastern Samar | Maria Fe Abunda | 3.11% | ||
| Zamboanga del Sur–2nd | Leonardo Babasa Jr. | 3.45% | ||
| Pangasinan–1st | Arnold Celeste | 3.79% | ||
| Bohol–3rd | Alexie Besas-Tutor | 4.00% | ||
| Makati–1st | Kid Peña | 4.20% | ||
| Unang Sigaw ng Nueva Ecija | Nueva Ecija–4th | Maricel Natividad-Nagaño | 4.59% | |
| Davao de Oro–2nd | Ruwel Peter Gonzaga | 5.00% |
The following party-lists won less than 2% of the vote in 2019, and only won one seat each because all of party-list seats have not been filled up by the parties that did win at least 2% of the vote.[154] These are sorted by number of votes in descending order.Less than 2% of the vote, but greater than or equal to 1%:
Less than 1% of the vote:
Results in elections in congressional districts are expected to be known overnight, while results for the party-list election are expected to be known seven days from election day.[155]
Allies of Bongbong Marcos, the winner of the concurrent presidential election, captured most of the seats in the House of Representatives. Outgoing majority leader Martin Romualdez and former speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo are thought to be the contenders for the speakership in the 19th Congress.[156]
See main article: Results of the 2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections by congressional district.
A total of 177 parties and organizations were included in the draw on how these would be listed in the ballot.[157]
The commission originally expected to proclaim the winners in seven days.[155] A week after the election, the commission said it plans to proclaim the winners on May 19.[158] Upon the proclamation of senators-elect on May 18, the commission said they'd proclaim the winning party-lists after the results of the special elections in 12 barangays in Tubaran, Lanao del Sur on May 24 are known.[159] COMELEC did proclaim the winners on May 26.[160]
These include incumbents who ran and lost while running within a congressional district.
These include incumbents who have not been elected in the party-list election, either because their party lost all seats, or lost enough seats, including the incumbent's own.
See main article: 19th Congress of the Philippines. With the victory of his cousin, Bongbong Marcos, as president, outgoing majority leader Martin Romualdez was pushed by the National Unity Party (NUP) to lead the House of Representatives. Another candidate is Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who served as speaker during the 17th Congress, and endorsed Romualdez for speaker in the 18th.[161] Another potential candidate is current speaker Lord Allan Velasco of the ruling PDP–Laban, while both Arroyo and Romualdez are from Lakas–CMD.[162]
A few days after the NUP endorsement, Arroyo herself endorsed Romualdez for the speakership, advising the Lakas congressmen to vote for Romualdez in the speakership election.[163] Following the Arroyo endorsement, PDP–Laban also endorsed Romualdez for the speakership.[164] The Party-list Coalition also gave their endorsement to Romualdez, while announcing that Elizaldy Co, representative for Ako Bikol, will be their leader in the 19th Congress, replacing Mikee Romero of 1-PACMAN.[165] Later in the week, Lakas released a statement that said that the Nationalist People's Coalition (NPC) also endorsed Romauldez's speakership ambitions, with NPC chairman Tito Sotto announcing in a separate statement the "unconditional support of the party to the Speakership of Congressman Martin Romualdez."[166] A few days later, PDP–Laban announced its support for Romauldez's speakership.[167]