2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine explained

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Presenter:	Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet
Year:	1901
Holder Label:	2022 laureate
Holder:	Svante Pääbo
Host:	Thomas Perlmann
Location:	Stockholm
Country:	Sweden
Reward:	9 million SEK (2017)^[1]
Previous:	2021
Main:	Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Next:	2023

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to the Swedish geneticist Svante Pääbo (born 1955) "for his research in the field of genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution".^{[2] [3] [4]} It was announced by Thomas Perlmann, secretary of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, on 3 October 2022.^{[5] [6] [7] [8]}

Laureate

See main article: Svante Pääbo. Svante Pääbo was born 1955 in Stockholm, Sweden. He completed his doctoral studies at Uppsala University in 1986, served as a postdoctoral associate at the University of Zürich, in Switzerland, and University of California, Berkeley in the United States, and joined the faculty at the University of Munich in Germany in 1990. He established the Leipzig, Germany-based Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in 1999, where he continues to be involved. He is also an adjunct professor at Japan's Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology. He was the recipient of numerous prizes including Gruber Prize in Genetics in 2013, Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences in 2016, and the Princess of Asturias Award in 2018.

Nobel Committee

The committee members are elected for a period of three years. In assessing the qualifications of the candidates, the committee is assisted by specially appointed expert advisers.^[9] The following medical experts were the members of the 2022 Nobel Committee:

• Nils-Göran Larsson, professor of mitochondrial genetics; chair
• Thomas Perlmann, professor of molecular development biology; secretary
• Olle Kämpe, professor of endocrinology
• Gunilla Karlsson-Hedestam, professor of immunology
• Sten Linnarsson, professor of molecular systems biology
• Per Svenningsson, professor of neurology

Key publications

The following publications were the fundamental researches that motivated the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet to award the 2022 Prize to Pääbo:^[10]

• Krings M, Stone A, Schmitz RW, Krainitzki H, Stoneking M, Pääbo S. Neandertal DNA sequences and the origin of modern humans. Cell. 1997:90:19-30.
• Green RE, Krause J, Briggs AW, Maricic T, Stenzel U, Kircher M, Patterson N, Li H, Zhai W, Fritz MH, Hansen NF, Durand EY, Malaspinas AS, Jensen JD, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Burbano HA, Good JM, Schultz R, Aximu-Petri A, Butthof A, Höber B, Höffner B, Siegemund M, Weihmann A, Nusbaum C, Lander ES, Russ C, Novod N, Affourtit J, Egholm M, Verna C, Rudan P, Brajkovic D, Kucan Ž, Gušic I, Doronichev VB, Golovanova LV, Lalueza-Fox C, de la Rasilla M, Fortea J, Rosas A, Schmitz RW, Johnson PLF, Eichler EE, Falush D, Birney E, Mullikin JC, Slatkin M, Nielsen R, Kelso J, Lachmann M, Reich D, Pääbo S. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science. 2010:328:710-722.
• Krause J, Fu Q, Good JM, Viola B, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Pääbo S. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature. 2010:464:894-897.
• Reich D, Green RE, Kircher M, Krause J, Patterson N, Durand EY, Viola B, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Johnson PL, Maricic T, Good JM, Marques-Bonet T, Alkan C, Fu Q, Mallick S, Li H, Meyer M, Eichler EE, Stoneking M, Richards M, Talamo S, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Hublin JJ, Kelso J, Slatkin M, Pääbo S. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature. 2010:468:1053-1060.
• Meyer M, Kircher M, Gansauge MT, Li H, Racimo F, Mallick S, Schraiber JG, Jay F, Prüfer K, de Filippo C, Sudmant PH, Alkan C, Fu Q, Do R, Rohland N, Tandon A, Siebauer M, Green RE, Bryc K, Briggs AW, Stenzel U, Dabney J, Shendure J, Kitzman J, Hammer MF, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Patterson N, Andrés AM, Eichler EE, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S. A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual. Science. 2012:338:222-226.
• Prüfer K, Racimo F, Patterson N, Jay F, Sankararaman S, Sawyer S, Heinze A, Renaud G, Sudmant PH, de Filippo C, Li H, Mallick S, Dannemann M, Fu Q, Kircher M, Kuhlwilm M, Lachmann M, Meyer M, Ongyerth M, Siebauer M, Theunert C, Tandon A, Moorjani P, Pickrell J, Mullikin JC, Vohr SH, Green RE, Hellmann I, Johnson PL, Blanche H, Cann H, Kitzman JO, Shendure J, Eichler EE, Lein ES, Bakken TE, Golovanova LV, Doronichev VB, Shunkov MV, Derevianko AP, Viola B, Slatkin M, Reich D, Kelso J, Pääbo S. The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. Nature. 2014:505: 43-49.

External links

• Official website of the Nobel Foundation

Notes and References

1. Web site: Nobel Prize amount is raised by SEK 1 million. Nobelprize.org. 20 August 2022. 1 February 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180201043715/https://www.nobelprize.org/press/#/publication/59c911c82a43dd000437b4b7/552bd85dccc8e20c00e7f979. live.
2. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/summary/ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
3. Web site: Nobel prize in physiology or medicine awarded to Swedish geneticist. 3 October 2022. 3 October 2022. The Guardian. 3 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221003094905/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/oct/03/nobel-prize-physiology-medicine-svante-paabo. live.
4. News: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Is Awarded to Svante Pääbo. 3 October 2022. 3 October 2022. The New York Times. Benjamin Mueller. 4 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221004224315/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/03/health/nobel-prize-medicine-physiology-winner.html. live.
5. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-laureates-in-physiology-or-medicine/ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
6. Web site: Nobel Prize for Medicine awarded to Svante Paabo for discoveries on Neanderthal genome. 3 October 2022. 3 October 2022. The National News. Laura O'Callaghan. 4 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221004224316/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/2022/10/03/nobel-prize-for-medicine-awarded-to-svante-paabo-for-discoveries-on-neanderthal-genome/. live.
7. Web site: Svante Paabo wins 2022 Nobel Prize in Medicine. 3 October 2022. Reuters. 3 October 2022. 3 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221003101314/https://www.reuters.com/world/svante-paabo-wins-2022-nobel-prize-medicine-2022-10-03/. live.
8. Web site: Scientist Svante Paabo Wins Nobel in Physiology for Human Evolution. 3 October 2022. Bloomberg. 3 October 2022. Kati Pohjanpalo.
9. https://www.nobelprize.org/about/the-nobel-committee-for-physiology-or-medicine/ The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine
10. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2022/press-release/ Press release: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022