| Country: | Maryland |
| Date: | November 8, 2022 |
| Referendum Question 4 | |
| Cannabis - Legalization of Adult Use and Possession | |
| Yes: | 1302180 |
| No: | 635580 |
| Total: | 1937760 |
| Mapdivision: | county |
| Mapcaption: | Yes NoOther |
| Notes: | Source: Maryland State Board of Elections |
Question 4 was a voter referendum to amend the Constitution of Maryland in order to legalize cannabis for adult use in Maryland. The referendum was approved overwhelmingly, with more than twice as many voters voting in favor of it than against it and winning in all but one county, on November 8, 2022. It went into effect on July 1, 2023.
On July 16, 2021, State House Speaker Adrienne A. Jones created a committee to draft a referendum on legalization to place on the ballot in 2022.[1] Around December 25, the chairman of the state House Cannabis Referendum and Legalization Workgroup, Luke Clippinger, pre-filed House Bill 1 for the 2022 session, to initiate the citizen referendum in 2022 that would create a constitutional amendment to legalize cannabis.[2] The referendum bill and accompanying bill implementing legalization, House Bill 837 received public testimony and were discussed by the House Judiciary Committee on February 14, 2022.[3] House Bill 1 was passed 96–34 by the House of Delegates on February 25.[4] [5] This bill was contingent on passage of the ballot referendum in the November 2022 election, whereby it would legalize recreational use of cannabis possession and use on or after July 1, 2023. The constitutional referendum and the legalization bill were both passed by the Maryland Senate on April 1.[6] Senate Finance Committee hearings on the bills began on March 23.[7]
Voters approved the referendum on November 8, 2022, with 67.2% of voters and 23 of 24 counties and county-equivalents (all but Garrett County) in favor. It fully took effect on July 1, 2023.[8] [9]
The bill provides for adults 21 and older to purchase and possess up to NaNoz of marijuana and decriminalize possession of amounts greater than that up to NaNoz. This bill would also establish a Cannabis Business Assistance Fund to support equity initiatives for minority- and women-owned businesses. That fund would go toward incubator and educational programs to promote participation in the industry by people most impacted by criminalization. The bill would also automatically expunge prior criminal convictions for conduct made legal under the proposed law.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]
Between January 1 and July 1, 2023, possession of up to 1.5 ounces was to be a civil infraction subject to a $100 fine, as provided by House Bill 837.[9]
On Question 4
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Yes | No | Other | Undecided | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OpinionWorks[17] | October 20–23, 2022 | 989 (LV) | ± 3.1% | 63% | 25% | – | 12% | |
| University of Maryland[18] | September 22–27, 2022 | 810 (RV) | ± 4.0% | 73% | 23% | – | 4% | |
| Victoria Research[19] | September 11–19, 2022 | 762 (RV) | ± 3.7% | 69% | 20% | 2% | 8% | |
| Goucher College[20] | September 8–12, 2022 | 748 (LV) | ± 3.6% | 59% | 34% | – | 7% |
On whether recreational marijuana should be legal
| Poll source | Date(s) administered | Sample size | Margin of error | Yes | No | Other | Undecided | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goucher College[21] | March 1–6, 2022 | 635 (A) | ± 3.9% | 62% | 34% | 1% | 3% | |
| Goucher College[22] | October 14–20, 2021 | 700 (A) | ± 3.7% | 60% | 33% | 3% | 4% | |
| Gonzales Research (D)[23] | May 17–22, 2021 | 301 (LV) | ± 5.8% | 69% | 24% | 7% | – | |
| Goucher College[24] | February 23–28, 2021 | 725 (A) | ± 3.6% | 67% | 28% | 1% | 4% |
Source: Maryland State Board of Elections[25]
| County | Yes | No | Margin | Total Votes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | % | % | |||||||
| Allegany | 11,973 | 58.0% | 8,683 | 42.0% | 3,290 | 15.9% | 20,656 | ||
| Anne Arundel | 137,461 | 65.4% | 72,579 | 34.6% | 64,882 | 30.9% | 210,040 | ||
| Baltimore City | 111,227 | 78.9% | 29,718 | 21.1% | 81,509 | 57.8% | 140,945 | ||
| Baltimore | 176,358 | 66.4% | 89,073 | 33.6% | 87,285 | 32.9% | 265,431 | ||
| Calvert | 21,640 | 60.2% | 14,301 | 39.8% | 7,339 | 20.4% | 35,941 | ||
| Caroline | 6,154 | 59.9% | 4,112 | 40.1% | 2,042 | 19.9% | 10,266 | ||
| Carroll | 41,499 | 59.4% | 28,334 | 40.6% | 13,165 | 18.9% | 69,883 | ||
| Cecil | 19,435 | 61.1% | 12,349 | 38.9% | 7,086 | 22.3% | 31,784 | ||
| Charles | 34,198 | 65.3% | 18,204 | 34.7% | 15,994 | 30.5% | 52,402 | ||
| Dorchester | 6,575 | 60.6% | 4,267 | 39.4% | 2,308 | 21.3% | 10,842 | ||
| Frederick | 66,991 | 64.9% | 36,210 | 35.1% | 30,781 | 29.8% | 103,201 | ||
| Garrett | 5,394 | 49.4% | 5,528 | 50.6% | style="text-align:center;" | -134 | style="text-align:center;" | -1.2% | 10,992 |
| Harford | 61,813 | 61.2% | 39,255 | 38.8% | 22,558 | 22.3% | 101,068 | ||
| Howard | 84,666 | 66.5 | 42,651 | 33.5% | 42,015 | 33.0% | 127,317 | ||
| Kent | 5,293 | 65.6% | 2,775 | 34.4% | 2,518 | 31.2% | 8,068 | ||
| Montgomery | 238,861 | 72.3% | 91,310 | 27.7% | 147,551 | 44.7% | 330,171 | ||
| Prince George's | 164,177 | 72.1% | 63,686 | 27.9% | 100,491 | 44.1% | 227,863 | ||
| Queen Anne's | 13,161 | 59.3% | 9,033 | 40.7% | 4,128 | 18.6% | 22,194 | ||
| St. Mary's | 21,182 | 58.2% | 15,184 | 41.8% | 5,998 | 16.5% | 36,366 | ||
| Somerset | 3,712 | 58.6% | 2,620 | 41.4% | 1,092 | 17.2% | 6,332 | ||
| Talbot | 10,459 | 61.3% | 6,598 | 38.7% | 3,861 | 22.6% | 17,057 | ||
| Washington | 27,501 | 59.0% | 19,134 | 41.0% | 8,367 | 17.9% | 46,635 | ||
| Wicomico | 18,313 | 62.0% | 11,226 | 38.0% | 7,087 | 24.0% | 29,539 | ||
| Worcester | 14,118 | 61.8% | 8,742 | 38.2% | 5,376 | 23.5% | 22,860 | ||
| Total | 1,302,161 | 67.20% | 635,572 | 32.80% | 666,589 | 34.40% | 1,937,733 | ||
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