Just Stop Oil Explained

Just Stop Oil
Type:Coalition
Purpose:Climate change mitigation
Fossil fuel non-proliferation
Policy change
Social change
Environmental protection
Sortition
Location Country:United Kingdom
Methods:Civil resistance, direct action, vandalism
Fields:Environmental movement
Climate movement
Affiliations:A22 Network[1] Youth Demand[2]

Just Stop Oil is a British environmental activist group primarily focused on the issue of human-caused climate change. The group aims to convince the British government to commit to ending new fossil fuel licensing and production using civil resistance, nonviolent direct action, traffic obstruction, and vandalism.[3] The group was founded in February 2022 and began protesting at English oil terminals in April 2022.[4] The group has received criticism for its disruptive and often illegal methods of activism.[5] [6] [7] [8]

Views and methods

Just Stop Oil opposes the United Kingdom government granting new fossil fuel licensing and production agreements; on its website, it calls for the government to stop all future consents and licensing agreements related to the development, exploration, and production of fossil fuels in the country.[9] The group supports investment in renewable energy, and says that buildings need to have better thermal insulation to avoid wasting energy.[10]

The group describes itself as decentralised and non-hierarchical, with activists in the group operating in autonomous blocs that share resources but have no formal leadership.[11]

The group favours nonviolent direct action and civil resistance and follows an approach of general social disruption, similar to the methods of climate activist groups Extinction Rebellion and Insulate Britain, although favouring cultural institutions as protest targets.[12]

In January 2024 at a meeting at the Old Print Works in Birmingham, Just Stop Oil was constituted as one of four groups under a central coordinating group called Umbrella. The other three groups under 'Umbrella' are Assemble, Robin Hood, and Youth Demand.[2]

Reception and governmental response

The group has garnered criticism for their protest methods, such as blocking roads and vandalism. The group has a "blue light policy" to let emergency vehicles through traffic blocks created by protesters.[13] In December 2022, Metropolitan Police Commissioner Mark Rowley suggested that Just Stop Oil was being "much less assertive" in its protests following the arrests of some suspected prominent members of the group.[14] In response to a proposed update to the Public Order Act, the group vowed to continue protesting as long as capital punishment is not imposed against them.[15] According to the group, from 1 April 2022 to 27 May 2023, its supporters have been arrested over 2,100 times and 138 people have spent time in prison.[16] On 14 June 2023, the British Government gave the police additional powers to tackle slow-walking protests by Just Stop Oil who have used the tactic to bring traffic to a standstill.[17]

As of November 2022, eight credentialled journalists have been arrested while covering Just Stop Oil protests.[18] These include an LBC reporter who was arrested and held in a cell for five hours;[19] a documentary maker who was arrested and detained for thirteen hours;[20] and a photographer.[21] Gillian Keegan, the education secretary, responded to the arrests saying, "Journalists shouldn't get arrested for doing their job", and "We are defenders of free speech."

In 2023, BBC News reported that climate activists were being referred to the Prevent strategy, a counterterrorism scheme aimed at identifying extremists, including an incident at Falmouth University regarding an event for the group.[22]

In July 2024, five members of the group were given prison sentences for their plot to block the M25 in November 2022.[23] This included Roger Hallam, Daniel Shaw, Louise Lancaster, Lucia Whittaker De Abreu, and Cressida Gethin.[23] Hallam, a co-founder of the group, was sentenced to five years in jail, the others four.[23]

Funding

Just Stop Oil reports that all their funding is through donations, with the group accepting both traditional currency and cryptocurrencies.[24] In April 2022, it was reported that Just Stop Oil's primary source of funding was donations from the US-based Climate Emergency Fund.[25] Through that fund, a notable donor to the group has been Aileen Getty, a descendant of the Getty family which founded the Getty Oil company.[26] In response, the Climate Emergency Fund stated that Getty did not work in the fossil fuel industry herself.

In October 2023, green energy industrialist Dale Vince, who had donated over £340,000 to Just Stop Oil,[27] [28] announced he no longer planned to fund Just Stop Oil. He said: "under the current government, protest cannot work. I would go so far as to say that anything that could feed the Tories' culture-war narrative is counter-productive".[29]

Protests

Just Stop Oil was formed on 14 February 2022.[30]

2022

BAFTA Film Awards, football match

On 13 March, supporters wearing T-shirts with 'Just Stop Oil' disrupted the 75th British Academy Film Awards.[31]

On 20 March, two supporters attempted to disrupt a football match at Arsenal's Emirates Stadium in London but were intercepted. On 21 March, one supporter stopped play at a football match at Goodison Park in Liverpool when he ran onto the pitch and cable tied himself to a goalpost by his neck.[32] [33] The following day, one supporter briefly made it onto the pitch at Molineux Stadium in Wolverhampton.[34] On 24 March, six supporters attempted to disrupt a match at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium in north London. All were removed quickly, but the match was briefly stopped.[35]

Oil company protests and sabotage

Beginning on 1 April, they carried out England-wide blockades of ten critical oil facilities, intending to cut off the supply of petrol to South East England.[36] [37] [38] They claimed they were inspired by the UK lorry drivers' protests in 2000 that paralysed petrol distribution. On 14 April, Just Stop Oil activists stopped and surrounded an oil tanker in London, causing congestion on the M4 motorway.[39] On 15 April, supporters targeted Kingsbury, Navigator and Grays oil terminals, blockading roads and climbing onto oil tankers.[40] [41] [42] The same day it was reported that Navigator Thames, ExxonMobil, and Valero had secured civil injunctions to prevent protest at their oil terminals.[43] [44] On 19 April, Just Stop Oil suspended its actions against fuel distribution for a week in the hope of action from the government.[45] On 28 April, about 35 Just Stop Oil supporters sabotaged petrol pumps at two M25 motorway service stations (Cobham services in Surrey and Clacket Lane services in Kent).[46] [47] [48]

British Grand Prix

On 3 July, a group of Just Stop Oil supporters walked onto the track at the 2022 British Grand Prix after the race had been suspended due to a crash on the opening lap and sat down on the asphalt. They were arrested by police. Formula One drivers Sergio Pérez, Lewis Hamilton, and Carlos Sainz said they supported the protestors' cause but that they should not have put themselves at risk of physical harm. F1 president Stefano Domenicali criticised the protesting method and did not comment on the cause.[49] Before the event, the Northamptonshire Police warned they had "creditable intelligence" that a group of protesters were planning to disrupt the race and potentially attempt a track invasion and that the protest would be related to environmental issues, but the warning did not mention Just Stop Oil by name.[50]

Art galleries

Two supporters glued themselves to the frame of Vincent van Gogh's Peach Trees in Blossom at the Courthald Institute of Art on 30 June.[51] Both were found guilty of causing criminal damage to the frame; one was imprisoned for three weeks and the other received a suspended sentence.

Two supporters glued themselves to the frame of John Constable's 1821 painting The Hay Wain at the National Gallery in London on 4 July.[52] They covered the painting with a printed illustration that reimagined The Hay Wain as an "apocalyptic vision of the future" that depicted "the climate collapse and what it will do to this landscape".[53] The two people were subsequently arrested by police and the painting was removed for examination by conservators.A group of supporters glued themselves to the frame of a copy of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper painting at the Royal Academy of Arts on 5 July.[54] 'No New Oil' was spray painted on a wall underneath the painting. In February 2023, these activists were fined £486 each for causing unintended criminal damage but found not guilty to a further charge of causing damage to a piece of furniture that they had not been near.[55]

On 14 October, two Just Stop Oil protesters, Phoebe Plummer and Anna Holland, threw tomato soup at the fourth version of Vincent van Gogh's 1888 work, The Arles Sunflowers, in the National Gallery, and then glued their hands to the wall below the painting before delivering a verbal statement. The painting was protected by glass, a factor Just Stop Oil said they had taken into account,[56] and was not damaged; however, the frame, itself of significant value, suffered some slight damage.[57] [58] [59] [60] The rotating sign outside Scotland Yard was also spray-painted orange. More than 20 arrests were made.[61] [62] This act of vandalism garnered much less sympathy compared to Just Stop Oil's earlier protests.[63] A witness said to The Guardian, "They may be trying to get people to think about the issues but all they end up doing is getting people really annoyed and angry."[64] Emma Camp with Reason magazine reported that, "The protest was probably ineffective on its own terms too. Throwing a can of tomato soup at a precious work of art has little to do with fighting fossil fuels."[65] Vox noted that "...much of the media and public attention was negative, with many questioning the efficacy of the protest and criticising the protesters for hurting their own cause."[66] Others defended the actions of the protesters.[67] Margaret Klein Salamon, executive director of the Climate Emergency Fund, an organisation that funds Just Stop Oil, said that the Sunflowers protest was the most successful action in the climate movement in 8 years as it had broken through "this really terrible media landscape where you have this mass delusion of normalcy".[68]

On 27 October, three Belgian protesters of Just Stop Oil Belgium (not affiliated with Just Stop Oil) glued themselves to the surrounds of Girl with a Pearl Earring by Johannes Vermeer at Mauritshuis museum in the Netherlands. The painting, protected by glass, was not damaged.[69] The three were subsequently sentenced to two months in prison, with one month suspended by a Dutch court. Two years later, The Hague Court of Appeal issued a statement on 11 March 2024 ruling that the protesters would no longer face any punishment for their actions. The ruling stated that the protesters spent 23 days in pre-trial detention, believing that a prison sentence would be "too drastic" and would have a "chilling effect" on the freedom of expression and the freedom of assembly.[70]

London protests

On 26 August, the group blocked seven petrol stations in Central London and vandalised fuel pumps.[71] [72] Forty-three people around London were arrested on suspicion of criminal damage.[73] [74]

Around October, Just Stop Oil started a months-long protest in London.[75] Throughout the period members blocked roads and bridges in London,[76] including in Islington,[77] Abbey Road,[78] High Holborn/Kingsway,[79] four bridges across the Thames,[80] Westminster,[81] [82] as well as the M25 motorway. Just Stop Oil staged 32 days of disruption from the end of September and throughout October, which the Metropolitan Police said resulted in 677 arrests with 111 people charged.[83]

On 17 October, two supporters scaled the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, which connects the M25 between Essex and Kent, causing its closure. One of the climbers, Morgan Trowland, was a bridge design engineer from London.[84] The closure resulted in 6miles of congestion on both directions of the bridge.[85] [86] After 36 hours, the protesters agreed with police to leave the bridge, and were arrested. The bridge remained closed for another 6 hours.[87] [88] The two were sentenced to a combined 5 years and seven months in jail.[89] [90] Also on 17 October, the group spray-painted the exterior of an Aston Martin car showroom on Park Lane, prompting criticism from Richard Hammond.[91] [92]

On 20 October, about 20 members spray-painted the exterior windows of Harrods in Knightsbridge. Two members of the group were arrested on suspicion of criminal damage.[93] [94]

On 24 October, two Just Stop Oil protesters smeared cake on a waxwork of King Charles III at Madame Tussauds.[95]

On 25 October, protesters sprayed paint on 55 Tufton Street, a building housing climate change denial think tanks.[96] On 26 October, police arrested more than a dozen activists who blocked Piccadilly and spray-painted luxury car showrooms in Mayfair.[97]

On 31 October, activists targeted buildings used by the Home Office, MI5, the Bank of England and News Corp, spraying orange paint on each and demanding an end to new oil and gas licences. The targets were chosen because they represent "the four pillars that support and maintain the power of the fossil fuel economy", the group said. Six people were arrested by the Metropolitan Police.[98]

M25

See main article: Just Stop Oil M25 blockade case. On 7 November, multiple junctions of the M25 motorway were closed.[99] On 11 November, the group announced it would pause its protests on the M25.[100] [101] In November, 57-year-old Jan Goodey from Brighton was jailed for six months after pleading guilty to intentionally or recklessly causing a public nuisance after taking part in this protest.[102]

In July 2024, five environmental protesters associated with the group were given multi-year prison sentences in the UK for their roles in planning the protest. Roger Hallam, a co-founder of the group, received a five-year sentence, while four other activists were sentenced to four years each. They were convicted of "conspiracy to cause a public nuisance".[103] These sentences were among the harshest ever handed down for peaceful protest in the UK, sparking widespread criticism from various quarters, including Amnesty International[103] and the UN special rapporteur on environmental defenders Michel Forst said that the outcome "should shock the conscience of any member of the public".[104]

2023

Sporting events

Protesters representing Just Stop Oil have staged disruptions at several sporting matches.

On 17 April, during evening sessions at the 2023 World Snooker Championship, two protesters attempted to climb onto two tables at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, disrupting first-round matches between Robert Milkins and Joe Perry and between Mark Allen and Fan Zhengyi. One protester climbed onto the table where Milkins was playing Perry and spread an orange powder on it, halting play on that table for the night after efforts to remove the powder failed. Another protester failed to climb onto the table where Allen was playing Fan, after being restrained by referee Olivier Marteel. Both protesters were arrested. The match between Fan and Allen resumed after a 45-minute delay and the match between Milkins and Perry was rescheduled to begin again the following day.[105]

Protesters forced a stoppage at the 27 May Rugby Premiership final between Saracens and Sale Sharks by invading the pitch and throwing orange paint powder on the field.[106] [107] Two men were later charged by the Metropolitan Police with aggravated trespass.

On 1 June, prior to the eve of the one-off Test match between England and Ireland, the England cricket team bus was briefly halted by Just Stop Oil protestors during the team's way when they were set to reach the Lord's ground.[108] [109] England wicketkeeper Jonny Bairstow shared images on Instagram of Just Stop Oil activists who had disrupted England's team bus.[110] On 28 June, the second Test of the 2023 Ashes series between England and Australia at Lord's was briefly interrupted by Just Stop Oil protestors who ran onto the outfield with bags of orange powder, but were stopped before reaching the wicket, one being carried off by Bairstow.[111] Three protestors were arrested.[112]

On 5 July, two protesters interrupted a tennis match at the 136th Wimbledon Championships by throwing orange confetti and jigsaw pieces onto the court.[113]

On 17 July, one of the protesters who had disrupted play during the World Snooker Championship attempted to disrupt their own graduation ceremony at University of Exeter along with another individual.[114]

On 21 July, during the 151st Open Championship at Hoylake, 4 protesters attempted to disrupt play, by running onto the 17th hole, setting off a flare, and throwing orange powder onto the green. They were later arrested by police.[115]

Other protests

Three protesters were arrested on 25 May after throwing orange paint over a show garden at the Chelsea Flower Show.[116]

Five protesters were charged by police after halting the annual London Pride march on 1 July. They sat in front of the Coca-Cola float to protest about the company's use of plastics.[117]

On 8 July, a woman disrupted George Osborne's wedding by throwing orange confetti on Osborne and his wife as they left the ceremony. Just Stop Oil made statements calling the incident "Confettigate" and highlighting Osborne's environmental record during his stint as Chancellor.[118] [119] A spokesperson for the group later said the protestor did not represent Just Stop Oil.[120]

On 14 July, two protesters interrupted the first night of the Proms at the Royal Albert Hall.[121]

On 21 July, a traffic disruption organised by Just Stop Oil in Acton, London during rush hour went viral for preventing a mother with a newborn child from driving to the hospital.[122]

On 4 October, five protesters stopped a performance of the West End production of Les Misérables.[123]

On 9 and 10 October, protesters sprayed paint on the Queen's Building at Bristol University, The Forum at Exeter University and the Radcliffe Camera at the University of Oxford to highlight links between universities and fossil fuel groups.[124] [125] [126]

On 15 October, three protesters disrupted a Tekken 7 tournament at EGX London by smearing and spraying orange paint on the competitors' computer monitors and the overhead display, demanding "that the UK government immediately cease all new licencing for coal, oil, and gas". The protesters were later removed by security and arrested by the police for criminal damage.[127]

On 18October, co-founders Roger Hallam and Indigo Rumbelow were arrested.[128]

On 25 October, three protesters were arrested on suspicion of criminal damage after spraying the Wellington Arch with orange paint.[129]

On 26October, consultant gastroenterologist Will Stableforth and physiotherapist Steve Fay were arrested and taken into custody after spraying a reproduction Titanosaur skeleton orange at London's Natural History Museum.[130]

On 30 October, 62 protesters were arrested after holding a demonstration near Parliament Square in Westminster.[131]

On 8 November, at least 40 protesters were arrested for disrupting traffic on Waterloo Bridge in Waterloo, London. The protest also garnered additional attention due to a claim from the Metropolitan Police that the protesters had blocked an ambulance flashing blue lights. Just Stop Oil accused the police of blaming the blockage on the organisation, claiming that the police officers were the ones blocking the ambulance. After the Waterloo Bridge demonstration was dispersed, five protesters from the group moved to The Strand and were arrested afterwards.[132]

2024

On 22 February, Labour and Co-operative Party politician Stella Creasy wrote an opinion piece in The Guardian in response to Just Stop Oil co-founder Sarah Lunnon's opinion piece in The Guardian justifying picketing at the homes of Labour Party Members of Parliament (MPs) in an effort to convince Labour MPs to end Tory oil and gas policies. Creasy warned that Just Stop Oil's intimidation tactics will normalise violence and harassment towards politicians and undermine democracy.[133]

On 27 March, Just Stop Oil posted a video on Twitter showing protester Phoebe Plummer breaking her bail by delivering a letter to what the organisation claimed was the house of Labour Party politician Wes Streeting. Streeting replied directly to the video stating that the home that Plummer visited and delivered the letter to was not his house.[134]

On 10 May, two women targeted Magna Carta in the British Library. Reverend Dr Sue Parfitt, 82, and Judy Bruce, an 85-year-old retired biology teacher, broke the glass container around the document with a hammer and chisel. They then held up a sign stating, "The government is breaking the law." However, the documents themselves were undamaged.[135] [136] [137] [138]

On 7 June, two women protestors sprayed orange powder paint into the air from within the crowd gathered outside of Chester Cathedral for the wedding of Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster and Olivia Henson.[139] Cheshire Police arrested a 69-year-old woman from Manchester and a 73-year-old woman from Suffolk for using devices to project the powder paint near the entrance of the cathedral as the couple made their way to the car.[139]

Stonehenge

In 2024, Just Stop Oil vandalised three of Stonehenge's stones. According to Just Stop Oil's website, the paint was made of an "orange cornflour" that would wash away in the rain.[140] [141] [142] Several bystanders shouted at and attempted to stop the activists. The two activists who defaced the structure were promptly arrested by Wiltshire Police. The paint was removed the following day with an air blower to avoid damaging the stones.

Just Stop Oil uploaded a video showing the defacement of the stones and the arrest of the activists involved and said that the activists "decorated" the stones to bring attention to the inability of the British government to "commit to defending our communities". The group also said that the date of the protest one day prior to the summer solstice intentionally coincided with the planned gathering on that day. English Heritage called the defacement "extremely upsetting" and began an investigation to assess the damage caused by the paint.[143] The English Heritage webpage for Stonehenge calls for visitors to respect the stones since they form a World Heritage Site, a Scheduled Ancient Monument, and a place sacred to many.[144] Just Stop Oil named the arrested protesters as 21-year-old student Niamh Lynch and 73-year-old Rajan Naidu.[145] [146] [147]

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak called it a "disgraceful act of vandalism" to one of the UK's and the world's oldest and most significant monuments, and called on anyone associated with Just Stop Oil or who donated to them to condemn the act. Leader of the Labour Party Sir Keir Starmer called the damage "outrageous" while deeming Just Stop Oil as "pathetic", demanding that the activists and anyone else involved with the act "face the full force of the law".[148]

Archaeologist Mike Pitts expressed his strong concern over the potential damage, and said that the megaliths were fenced off and guarded to protect their surfaces, which were entirely covered in prehistoric markings that have not been fully analyzed. He also expressed concern about possible damage to the diverse lichen patterns on the megalith surfaces.[149] [150] Conversely, Sarah Kerr, a lecturer in archaeology at University College Cork, noted that the effects of climate change pose a much greater threat to Stonehenge than cornflour, writing, "if you worry about damage to British heritage you should listen to Just Stop Oil".[151]

A Just Stop Oil spokesperson responded to the outrage by stating that continued government inaction would entitle Just Stop Oil activists to recruit other European activists to acts of resistance, vaguely specifying that, "Stone circles can be found in every part of Europe, showing how we've always cooperated across vast distances – we're building on that legacy."

Disruption to airports

On 20 June, the protestors spray painted private jets at a private airfield at Stansted Airport. The group had been targeting a jet belonging to singer Taylor Swift, but could not locate it.[152]

During the week of 27 June, 27 people were arrested across the UK regarding alleged plans to conspire to disrupt national infrastructure including airports.[153] In a statement, Metropolitan Police, who arrested six people on 27 June, said "We know Just Stop Oil plan to disrupt airports and thousands of holidaymakers this summer",[154] adding "Anyone who disrupts the safety and security of an airport can expect to be dealt with swiftly and robustly."[155] Four of the arrests were made on 25 June after they had been identified at Gatwick Airport.[153] Bail conditions included "not travelling within one kilometre of any UK airport unless passing by while on a mode of transport."[155]

On 29 July, the group blocked departure gates at Gatwick Airport and seven people were arrested.[156]

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Moench . Mallory . Protesters Just Targeted the Mona Lisa by Throwing Soup . 28 June 2024 . TIME . 28 January 2024 . en.
  2. News: Boffey. Daniel. 'Revolutions are coming': who are Youth Demand and what do they want?. 17 July 2024. The Guardian. 17 July 2024.
  3. Web site: Gayle . Damien . 2022-04-14 . Inside Just Stop Oil, the youth climate group blocking UK refineries . 1 April 2022 . The Guardian . 17 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017000236/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/01/down-to-earth-just-stop-oil-protest . live .
  4. Web site: Batchelor . Tom . 1 April 2022 . Protesters block oil terminals forcing Exxon Mobil to stop operations . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220414114355/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/just-stop-oil-protests-today-fuel-terminals-b2048775.html . 2022-04-14 . 2022-04-14 . . "Hundreds of protesters from climate group Just Stop Oil blocked 10 critical oil terminals across the UK on Friday morning, climbing on top of fuel tankers and forcing Exxon Mobil, one of the country’s largest privately owned underground oil pipeline distribution networks, to temporarily suspend operations at some of its sites.".
  5. Web site: Daisley. Stephen. How to stop Just Stop Oil. The Spectator. limited. 14 October 2022. 19 October 2022. 1 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221101003045/http://www.spectator.co.uk/article/i-m-not-angry-with-just-stop-oil/. live.
  6. Web site: Townsend . Mark . 15 October 2022 . Government to unveil crackdown on climate activism and strike action . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221017001649/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/16/crackdown-strike-action-activism-protests-london-glue-police . 17 October 2022 . 22 October 2022 . The Guardian . "Home secretary Suella Braverman will unveil plans on Sunday to grant police new powers to take a more “proactive” approach to counter tactics favoured by climate activists such as Just Stop Oil and Extinction Rebellion.".
  7. Web site: Climate Activists Throw Soup on Vincent van Gogh's 'Sunflowers' to Protest Fossil Fuels . 2022-10-23 . Smithsonian Magazine . en . 29 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230129155458/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/climate-activists-throw-soup-on-vincent-van-goghs-sunflowers-to-protest-fossil-fuels-180980958/ . live .
  8. Web site: Davis . Colin . Are Just Stop Oil's dramatic art museum protests hurting their own cause? . 2022-11-07 . CNN . 26 October 2022 . en . 19 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221219224022/https://www.cnn.com/style/article/just-stop-oil-protests-the-conversation/index.html . live .
  9. Web site: 2022-03-03 . FAQs – Just Stop Oil . 2022-10-18 . en-GB . 18 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221018010850/https://juststopoil.org/faqs/ . live .
  10. Bakar. Faima. Just Stop Oil: the climate change activists causing havoc across the UK. Time Out. 17 October 2022. 19 October 2022. 19 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221019152950/https://www.timeout.com/uk/news/just-stop-oil-the-climate-change-activists-causing-havoc-across-the-uk-101722. live.
  11. Web site: Lynskey . Dorian . 2022-04-10 . Just Stop Oil: behind the scenes with the activists . 2022-10-18 . The Guardian . en . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022192201/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/10/just-stop-oil-behind-the-scenes-with-the-activists . live .
  12. Web site: Saltmarsh . Chris . July 19, 2022 . Can Just Stop Oil stop oil? . October 22, 2022 . . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022235501/https://theecologist.org/2022/jul/19/can-just-stop-oil-stop-oil . live .
  13. News: Keay . Lara . 21 October 2022 . Who are Just Stop Oil - the climate activists who keep causing disruption? . Sky News . 23 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023171620/https://news.sky.com/story/just-stop-oil-vow-to-keep-causing-disruption-and-have-this-message-for-people-who-are-affected-12726066 . live .
  14. News: 2022-12-01 . Just Stop Oil protesters being less assertive, says Met chief . en-GB . BBC News . 2022-12-03 . 3 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221203122518/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-63825610 . live .
  15. Web site: 2022-10-21 . Just Stop Oil says only threat of death sentence would stop its protests . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023165254/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/oct/21/just-stop-oil-says-only-threat-of-death-sentence-would-stop-its-protests . 23 October 2022 . 2022-10-23 . The Guardian . en . "UK climate activists have vowed to continue their disruptive protests until the government imposes the death penalty for their actions, as they signalled their contempt for a new bill aimed at curtailing their civil disobedience tactics.".
  16. Web site: 2023-05-27 . "We've got to tackle this now!" – Just Stop Oil disrupt rugby final – Just Stop Oil . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528101218/https://juststopoil.org/2023/05/27/weve-got-to-tackle-this-now-just-stop-oil-disrupt-rugby-final/ . 2023-05-28 . 2023-05-28 . Just Stop Oil . en-GB.
  17. News: Nevett . Joshua . 2023-06-13 . Police to be given clearer powers on slow-walk protests . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-06-14 . The new law gives officers more leeway to intervene when protesters attempt to block roads with slow marching. . 14 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230614003110/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-65897513 . live .
  18. Web site: 2022-11-09 . Education secretary condemns arrest of LBC reporter at Just Stop Oil protest . 2022-11-09 . the Guardian . en . 9 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109111748/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/09/education-secretary-arrest-lbc-journalist-just-stop-oil-protest . live .
  19. News: Hennessey . Ted . 9 November 2022 . Journalist tells of 'terrifying' five hours in cell after Just Stop Oil arrest . Belfast Telegraph . PA . 9 November 2022 . 9 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109112623/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/uk/journalist-tells-of-terrifying-five-hours-in-cell-after-just-stop-oil-arrest-42130496.html . live .
  20. Web site: 2022-11-08 . Journalists covering Just Stop Oil protest 'arrested and held for 13 hours' . 2022-11-09 . The Independent . en . 9 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109114619/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/just-stop-oil-journalists-arrest-b2220549.html . live .
  21. Web site: 2022-11-08 . Photographer and film-maker arrested at Just Stop Oil protest . 2022-11-09 . The Guardian . en . 9 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221109112624/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/nov/08/photographer-and-film-maker-arrested-at-just-stop-oil-protest . live .
  22. News: 23 December 2023 . Prevent: Rise in climate activists referred to anti-terror scheme . Mat Osmond, who's a senior lecturer at Falmouth University in Cornwall, told the BBC his employer asked him to re-take Prevent training after he helped to organise a student Just Stop Oil talk on campus last year. . BBC News.
  23. News: Five 'fanatic' Just Stop Oil protesters jailed for plot to block M25 . 19 July 2024 . Sky News . en.
  24. Web site: Silkoff . Shira . 2022-10-15 . Just Stop Oil: Is the climate group in the pocket of oil billionaires? . . 18 October 2022 . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022192741/https://www.jpost.com/environment-and-climate-change/article-719750 . live .
  25. Web site: 2022-04-29 . Just Stop Oil's 'spring uprising' protests funded by US philanthropists . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221014203701/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/apr/29/just-stop-oils-protests-funded-by-us-philanthropists . 2022-10-14 . 2022-10-14 . The Guardian . en.
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  102. Web site: 2022-11-29 . Just Stop Oil activist jailed for six months for M25 disruption . 2022-12-01 . the Guardian . en . 29 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221129184723/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/nov/29/just-stop-oil-activist-sentenced-to-six-months-in-prison-for-motorway-disruption . live .
  103. Web site: A five-year sentence for peaceful protest – deterrence or authoritarianism? . The Independent . en . 19 July 2024.
  104. News: U.K. Court Hands 4- and 5-Year Prison Sentences to Climate Activists for Planning Nonviolent Protest . 29 July 2024 . Democracy Now! . en.
  105. News: Play stopped by protesters at World Snooker Championship . en-GB . BBC Sport . 2023-04-18 . 18 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230418054224/https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/65305903 . live .
  106. News: 27 May 2023 . Protesters force stoppage of Twickenham showpiece between Saracens and Sale . BBC . BBC News . 27 May 2023 . 27 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230527151804/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/rugby-union/65734664 . live .
  107. News: 28 May 2023 . Premiership final: Two charged over Just Stop Oil rugby final protest . BBC . BBC News . 28 May 2023 . 28 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230528121139/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-65738061 . live .
  108. Web site: England cricket team bus blocked by Just Stop Oil protesters ahead of Test match at Lord's . 2023-06-07 . Sky News . en . 7 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607065451/https://news.sky.com/story/england-cricket-team-bus-blocked-by-just-stop-oil-protesters-ahead-of-test-match-at-lords-12894172 . live .
  109. News: Macpherson . Will . 2023-06-01 . England cricket team delayed on way to Lord's by Just Stop Oil protesters . en-GB . The Telegraph . 2023-06-07 . 0307-1235 . 7 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607001800/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2023/06/01/england-cricket-team-delayed-lords-just-stop-oil-protesters/ . live .
  110. News: sport . Guardian . Media . P. A. . 2023-06-01 . England cricket team bus briefly held up by Just Stop Oil protest in London . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-06-07 . 0261-3077 . 7 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607065454/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/01/england-cricket-team-bus-held-up-just-stop-oil-protest-london . live .
  111. News: Bairstow carries Just Stop Oil protester off field . en-GB . BBC Sport . 2023-06-28 . 28 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230628102737/https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/66033094 . live .
  112. Web site: Blow . Tom . 2023-06-28 . Three Just Stop Oil protestors arrested after Lord's Ashes Test halted . 2023-06-28 . mirror . en . 28 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230628193237/https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/cricket/just-stop-oil-ashes-lords-30341487 . live .
  113. News: Wimbledon 2023: Just Stop Oil protesters interrupt play at All England Club . BBC . 5 July 2023 . 7 February 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207145528/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/tennis/66041547 . live .
  114. Just Stop Oil supporter disrupts own graduation ceremony at University of Exeter . 2023-07-17 . News . 2023-08-01 . The Independent . en . 1 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801140706/https://www.independent.co.uk/tv/news/just-stop-oil-university-graduation-exeter-b2376682.html . live .
  115. News: Just Stop Oil protesters attempt to disrupt Championship at Royal Liverpool . en-GB . BBC Sport . 21 July 2023 . 21 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230721115646/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/golf/66267258 . live .
  116. News: Chelsea Flower Show: Just Stop Oil protestors arrested . BBC News . 25 May 2023 . 5 July 2023 . 19 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230619210230/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-65707564 . live .
  117. News: London Pride: Five Just Stop Oil protesters charged . BBC News . 2 July 2023 . 3 July 2023 . 2 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230702203644/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-66080222 . live .
  118. Web site: Cooney . Christy . George Osborne's wedding disrupted by Just Stop Oil protest . The Guardian . 9 July 2023 . 8 July 2023 . 9 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230709000404/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/jul/08/george-osbornes-wedding-disrupted-by-just-stop-oil-protest . live .
  119. News: Brown . Mark . 2023-07-09 . Just Stop Oil applauds Osborne wedding protest but denies responsibility . en-GB . The Guardian . 2023-07-17 . 0261-3077 . 16 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230716140513/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jul/09/just-stop-oil-applauds-osborne-wedding-protest-but-denies-responsibility . live .
  120. News: Just Stop Oil claims it wasn't behind George Osborne wedding confetti stunt . 9 July 2023 . itvNEWS . ITV Plc . 9 July 2023 . 9 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230709113918/https://www.itv.com/news/2023-07-09/just-stop-oil-claims-it-wasnt-behind-osborne-wedding-confetti-stunt . live .
  121. Web site: Just Stop Oil protesters interrupt the Proms . BBC News . BBC . 15 July 2023 . 15 July 2023 . 14 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230714212707/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-66207576 . live .
  122. News: Weston . Katie . 2023-07-21 . Mum taking newborn to hospital clashes with Just Stop Oil protester slow marching in road . 2024-04-01 . . 22 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240622063406/https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/commuter-tackles-just-stop-oil-30518923 . live .
  123. Web site: Just Stop Oil Protesters Interrupt London Les Misérables Performance. Molly. Higgins. Playbill. 4 October 2023. 4 October 2023. 5 October 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005074151/https://playbill.com/article/just-stop-oil-protesters-interrupt-london-les-miserables-performance. live.
  124. Web site: Charlie Watts . Just Stop Oil activist arrested after targeting Bristol University . Bristol 24/7 . 10 October 2023 . 9 October 2023 . 10 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231010080506/https://www.bristol247.com/climate/news-climate/just-stop-oil-activist-arrested-after-targeting-bristol-university/ . live .
  125. Web site: Elliot Ball . Live - Just Stop Oil protest at University of Exeter . Devon Live . 10 October 2023 . 10 October 2023 . 11 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231011015227/https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/live-just-stop-oil-protest-8819918 . live .
  126. Web site: Maggie Wilcox . Mixed feelings from students after Just Stop Oil vandalise RadCam . . 10 October 2023 . 10 October 2023 . 14 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231014065854/https://cherwell.org/2023/10/10/mixed-feelings-from-students-after-just-stop-oil-vandalise-radcam/ . live .
  127. Web site: Bevan . Rhiannon . 2023-10-15 . Just Stop Oil Disrupts Tekken 7 Tournament At EGX London . 2023-10-16 . TheGamer . en . 15 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231015192523/https://www.thegamer.com/egx-2023-tekken-7-tournament-just-stop-oil-protest-paint/ . live .
  128. News: Gayle . Damien . Greta Thunberg charged with public order offence after London oil protest . 18 October 2023 . The Guardian . London, United Kingdom . 0261-3077 . 2023-10-18 . 19 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231019074258/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/oct/18/greta-thunberg-charged-with-public-order-offence-after-london-oil-protest . live .
  129. Web site: Three arrested after Just Stop Oil spray orange paint over London's Wellington Arch . 25 October 2023 . 25 October 2023 . The Independent . 25 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231025112751/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/just-stop-oil-paint-arrest-wellington-arch-b2435692.html . live .
  130. Web site: Wright . Gwyn . Just Stop Oil activists held after paint protest at Natural History Museum . 26 October 2023 . BreakingNews.ie . 2023-10-27 . 26 October 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231026211020/https://www.breakingnews.ie/world/just-stop-oil-activists-held-after-paint-protest-at-natural-history-museum-1544307.html . live .
  131. News: France . Anthony . 2023-10-30 . Police arrest 62 protesters at Just Stop Oil demonstration in Parliament Square . 2024-04-01 . . 1 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240401124219/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/just-stop-oil-protest-arrests-traffic-parliament-square-westminster-london-b1116769.html . live .
  132. News: Dunne . John . 2024-11-08 . Police make 40 arrests as Just Stop Oil 'block ambulance' in Waterloo Bridge protest . 2024-04-01 . Evening Standard.
  133. News: Dugan . Emily . 2024-02-22 . Not acceptable for protesters to target MPs in their homes, says Stella Creasy . 2024-04-01 . . 22 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240622063448/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/feb/22/not-acceptable-for-protesters-to-target-mps-in-their-homes-says-stella-creasy . live .
  134. News: Dex . Robert . 2023-03-28 . Wes Streeting mocks Just Stop Oil activist who broke police bail to deliver him letter - but went to wrong house . 2024-04-01 . . 1 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240401141115/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/politics/shadow-minister-wes-streeting-just-stop-oil-ilford-b1148095.html . live .
  135. Web site: Just Stop Oil protesters in their 80s target Magna Carta . 10 May 2024 . Sky News . 10 May 2024 . 10 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240510112026/https://news.sky.com/story/just-stop-oil-protesters-in-their-80s-target-magna-carta-13132732 . live .
  136. Web site: Nicholls . Catherine . 2024-05-10 . Just Stop Oil supporters, including 82-year-old priest, smash glass surrounding Britain's historic Magna Carta . 2024-05-28 . CNN . en . 28 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240528051230/https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/10/style/just-stop-oil-magna-carta-intl-scli-climate-gbr/index.html . live .
  137. Web site: 2024-05-10 . Watch protestors in their 80s target Magna Carta over UK oil and gas . 2024-05-28 . euronews . en . 28 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240528052042/https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/05/10/two-just-stop-oil-protestors-in-their-80s-smash-glass-around-magna-carta . live .
  138. News: Grierson . Jamie . 2024-05-10 . Two Just Stop Oil protesters attack Magna Carta's glass case . 2024-05-28 . The Guardian . en-GB . 0261-3077 . 22 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240622063421/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/may/10/just-stop-oil-protesters-magna-carta-british-library . live .
  139. News: Paint sprayed in air outside duke's wedding . 8 June 2024 . BBC News . Chris . Long . 7 June 2024 . 8 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240608011638/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd11k50vy95o . live .
  140. Web site: 2024-06-19 . Protesters arrested after painting Stonehenge monument orange . 2024-06-20 . NBC News . en . 2024-06-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620121502/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/stonehenge-climate-protesters-arrested-painting-monument-rcna157911 . live .
  141. Web site: Melley . Brian . Climate protesters arrested over spraying orange paint on Stonehenge monument . AP News . . 19 June 2024 . . . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619165958/https://apnews.com/article/stonehenge-vandalism-paint-climate-protest-summer-solstice-34d7591e858c904a1569ce415a8ad10b . live .
  142. News: Melley . Brian . Climate protesters arrested over spraying orange paint on Stonehenge monument . . . 19 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619170959/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/06/19/stonehenge-vandalism-paint-climate-protest-summer-solstice/b62d8aee-2e42-11ef-bcdf-31cdebd3022f_story.html . 19 June 2024 . . . 19 June 2024 . live.
  143. Web site: Ott . Haley . 2024-06-19 . Stonehenge sprayed with orange paint by Just Stop Oil activists demanding U.K. "phase out fossil fuels" . 2024-06-19 . CBS News . en-US . 2024-06-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619135458/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stonehenge-just-stop-oil-protest-activists-spray-orange-paint-demand-uk-stop-fossil-fuel/ . live .
  144. Web site: Please respect the stones . 2024-06-20 . English Heritage . 2024-06-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620001804/https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/stonehenge/things-to-do/solstice/respect-the-stones/ . live .
  145. Web site: Climate Activists Vandalize Stonehenge with Spray Paint . National Review . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619171128/https://www.nationalreview.com/news/climate-activists-vandalize-stonehenge-with-spray-paint/ . live .
  146. Web site: Climate activists vandalize Stonehenge by spraying orange powder Fox News Video . Fox News . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619171132/https://www.foxnews.com/video/6355297138112 . live .
  147. Web site: Just Stop Oil protesters cover Stonehenge in orange paint ahead of summer solstice . The Independent . en . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619171110/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/stonehenge-just-stop-oil-protest-paint-jso-b2565295.html . live .
  148. Web site: Stavrou . Athena . 2024-06-19 . Just Stop Oil protesters cover Stonehenge in orange paint ahead of summer solstice . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620001655/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/stonehenge-just-stop-oil-protest-paint-jso-b2565295.html . 2024-06-20 . 2024-06-20 . The Independent . en.
  149. Web site: Morris . Steven . Stonehenge sprayed with orange powder paint by Just Stop Oil activists . The Guardian . 19 June 2024 . 19 June 2024 . 20 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620131237/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/jun/19/stonehenge-sprayed-orange-powder-paint-just-stop-oil-activists . live .
  150. Web site: Climate Protesters Vandalize Stonehenge With Orange Paint . KFYR 550 AM / 99.7 FM . en . 2024-06-19 . 2024-06-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240619171132/https://kfyr.iheart.com/content/2024-06-19-climate-protesters-vandalize-stonehenge-with-orange-paint/ . live .
  151. Web site: Kerr . Sarah . 2024-06-21 . Stonehenge protest: if you worry about damage to British heritage you should listen to Just Stop Oil . 2024-07-04 . The Conversation . en-US.
  152. News: Just Stop Oil targets Taylor Swift’s jet – and fails to locate it . 21 June 2024 . euronews . 20 June 2024 . en . 20 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240620090848/https://www.euronews.com/culture/2024/06/20/just-stop-oil-targets-taylor-swifts-jet-and-fails-to-locate-it . live .
  153. News: Just Stop Oil supporters arrested over 'plan to disrupt airports this summer' . Sky News . en.
  154. News: Police arrest 'key Just Stop Oil organisers' - but group says they were just having soup . 28 June 2024 . Sky News . en.
  155. News: Just Stop Oil campaigners arrested over alleged airport plans . 28 June 2024 . BBC News . 27 June 2024.
  156. News: Just Stop Oil activists arrested at Gatwick airport after seven blocked departure gates . Sky News . en.

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