2022 California wildfires explained

2022 California wildfires
References:[1]
Total Fires:7,667
Total Area:363939acres
Time-Begin:January 21
Time-End:October 23
Fatalities:9
Is Season:yes
Year:2022
Season Name:California wildfires
Image Map Caption:A map of every wildfire ≥1,000 acres in area in California in 2022

The 2022 California wildfire season was a series of wildfires throughout the U.S. state of California. By the end of the year, a total of 7,667 fires had been recorded, totaling approximately 363939acres across the state. Wildfires killed nine people in California in 2022, destroyed 772 structures, and damaged another 104. The 2022 season followed the 2020 and 2021 California wildfire seasons, which had the highest and second-highest (respectively) numbers of acres burned in the historical record, with a sharp drop in acreage burned.

Drastic climatic and ecological conditions, including climate change and long-term drought, had led to the anticipation of another potentially above-average wildfire season on the heels of two previous such seasons in 2020 and 2021.[2] However, while the number of fires to date in 2022 was only slightly below the 5-year average (7,641 fires versus 8,049 fires), the total acreage burned was well below the 5-year average; 363,939 acres burned in 2022 thus far versus the 5-year average of 2,324,096 acres (though that average includes several of California's most significant fire seasons).[3]

Peak fire season in California typically occurs in late summer and/or fall, and effectively ends when significant precipitation occurs across the state.[4] Governor of California Gavin Newsom officially marked "the end of peak wildfire season” in most of the state in mid-November.[5] The quieter fire year was received gratefully by state officials and was highlighted by multiple news outlets, which attributed the downturn in severity largely to fortunate weather patterns, such as well-timed precipitation and favorable wind conditions.[6] Officials were also quick to suggest that a contributing factor might have been several billion dollars invested in wildfire resilience projects, such as prescribed burning and community outreach.

Despite the 'quiet' year as measured in acreage, a number of significant wildfires burned in California in 2022; these include the Oak Fire in Mariposa County, which burned over 180 structures, the McKinney Fire in Siskiyou County, which caused 4 fatalities, and the Mosquito Fire in Placer and El Dorado counties, which was California's largest wildfire of the year.

Early outlook

Seasonal fire risk

After a wet October and December in the beginning of the 2022 water year, California experienced the driest January–February period on record in the state, with similar conditions continuing in March.[7] [8] [9] This dry stretch follows a period of severe drought in the state that began in 2020, in part due to climate change in California,[10] and which contributed to severe wildfire seasons in both 2020 and 2021.

In its April monthly seasonal outlook, the National Interagency Fire Center forecast above normal significant fire potential for the Bay Area, Mid Coast-Mendocino, and Sacramento Valley/Foothill areas beginning in May, due to the lack of seasonal precipitation, early start to the growing season, and long-term drought.[11] It also noted that "A further expansion of above normal significant fire potential is forecast across most elevations during June and July." The Northern California Geographic Coordination Center (commonly called 'North Ops') forecast stated that "Confidence is moderate to high for an early start to the significant large fire season."[12]

In Northern California, peak fire season begins in the early summer (June–July) and runs until late fall, varying year to year. In Southern California, the peak fire season begins in late spring (May–June) and runs until fall.[4] The precise timing varies according to annual and seasonal precipitation, as well as the occurrence of offshore wind events, such as the Santa Anas, Diablo winds, or sundowner winds.[4] However, fires are possible at any time of year in the state, particularly in drier Southern California.

Preparation

In anticipation of the 2022 California wildfire season, the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) increased its planned wildfire mitigation plan spending for 2022 to $5.96 billion, from $4.8 billion in 2021 and $4.46 billion in 2020.[13] The mitigation plan includes the 'undergrounding' of at least 175 miles of power lines in high-fire risk areas, the installation of 98 additional wildfire detection/monitoring cameras and 100 additional weather stations, the expansion of safety settings that cut off power when objects (such as trees or branches) contact power lines, and the continued implementation of public safety power shutoffs (PSPS) as a last resort during extreme fire weather conditions.[14] [15] These moves came after the company declared bankruptcy in 2019 over its liability for wildfire damage costs from the 2018 Camp Fire and 2017 Tubbs Fire, among others. PG&E pleaded guilty to 84 counts of involuntary manslaughter in the Camp Fire, shortly before the company exited bankruptcy in June 2020. In January 2022, Cal Fire determined that the Dixie Fire, the largest fire of the 2021 California wildfire season and largest non-complex fire in recorded California history, was caused by a tree contacting PG&E electrical distribution lines.

Firefighter shortages

The lead-in to the 2022 Western United States fire season was also marked by concerns about firefighting staffing. On March 15, 2022, Politico reported that United States Forest Service (USFS) officials had warned California employees that there had been "50 percent fewer applications submitted for GS3 through GS9 firefighting positions" compared to 2021, in part because of low pay, housing issues, and high cost of living.[16] The San Francisco Chronicle similarly reported that between 2019 and 2021, the number of U.S. Forest Service firefighters stationed in California dropped by more than 20%, or over 1,000 firefighters.[17] Testifying for the Senate Appropriations Committee on May 4, USFS Chief Randy Moore noted that in some areas, the USFS had only reached 50% of the staffing goal for wildland firefighters so far. Chief Moore cited competition in the labor market, including with private, county, and state organizations, such as Cal Fire, as a major reason for the hiring challenges.[18] During the peak of fire season, representatives of California's private timber industry called for firefighting reserves to be augmented by the U.S. military and the National Guard, but were resisted by federal and state officials who noted the cost of such efforts and the lack of extreme resource needs during the season so far. The state has been forced to seek military assistance in the past during severe fire seasons.[19]

Causes

Climate change

Anthropogenic climate change is partially responsible for driving increased wildfire severity in California.[20] [21] For instance, background warming has led to weather and vegetation conditions more favorable for wildfire activity even at night, which has typically been a period of reduced activity that allows crews to intensify efforts to suppress fires.[22]

Drought

The state of California is experiencing drought conditions on a number of timescales. The state saw very little precipitation in the January to March time period, with much of the state experiencing its driest such period. As of March 22, 2022, the National Drought Mitigation Center's U.S. Drought Monitor saw the entire state in moderate to extreme drought conditions.[23] In February, their Drought Severity and Coverage (DSCI) index, which measures cumulative dryness, was at 275, or nearly twice the 20-year average of approximately 146, according to the San Francisco Chronicle.[24] This dry period is part of an ongoing 22-year spell of drought in the North American West that marks the driest such period in at least 1,200 years, according to scientific research based on analysis of soil moisture deficits and tree rings.[25] [26]

The drought has impacted wildfire risk and severity in a number of ways. Increased dryness of fuels, driven by increased vapor pressure deficit (VPD), a measure of the aridity of the atmosphere, is behind an eightfold increase in the area burned by wildfires in the summer in California since 1972, according to scientific research.[27] Drought and overcrowding have also made forests more vulnerable not just to wildfires but bark beetle infestation, which has further weakened and killed forests. Total tree mortality since 2010 exceeds 172 million, providing plentiful fuel for wildfires.[28]

Forest management and fire suppression

Scientists believe that prior to European colonization, far more area—between 4.4 and 11.8 million acres—was burned on an annual basis in California than in modern history, as a combination of wildfires and indigenous controlled burning.[29] Beginning with the advent of the U.S. Forest Service's '10 AM policy', in which it sought to extinguish all fires by 10 AM the morning after their report, the primary method of wildfire management in California has been suppression.[30] The success of this approach has led to a surfeit of fuel, resulting in larger and more extreme fires.

Wildland-urban interface development

California, as with other areas of the United States and the world, has experienced a growing amount of human development into the wildland-urban interface, or WUI. This area consists of developed areas either adjacent to, or intermingled with, wildland vegetation and fuels. Such areas are more prone to wildfire ignitions and structure losses, increasing the risk and severity of fire seasons in California.[31] The 2018 Camp Fire and 2017 Tubbs Fire are two examples of recent California wildfires that resulted devastating losses in WUI communities.

List of wildfires

The following is a list of fires that burned more than 1,000 acres (400 ha), produced significant structural damage or casualties, or were otherwise notable. Acreage and containment figures may not be up to date.

NameCounty <-- Burning in -->AcresStart dateContainment dateNotesRef
Airport FireInyo4,136Unknown cause[32]
Coastal FireOrange200Unknown cause; burned into a neighborhood and destroyed 20 homes[33] [34]
Lost Lake FireRiverside5,856Unknown cause[35]
Thunder FireKern2,500Likely caused by lightning strike[36] [37]
Roblar FireSonoma63Unknown cause; 1 fatality from person trapped in a vehicle[38]
Electra FireAmador, Calaveras4,478Unknown cause, possibly fireworks from Fourth of July celebrations[39] [40]
Washburn FireMariposa, Madera4,886Human caused, forced evacuations in Wawona and trail closures in Yosemite National Park; threatened Mariposa Grove[41] [42]
Oak FireMariposa19,244Unknown cause, forced evacuations in Mariposa County. Destroyed 182 structures and damaged 10 structures[43]
McKinney FireSiskiyou60,138Possibly caused by power lines; destroyed 185 structures and caused 4 fatalities[44] [45] [46]
Yeti FireSiskiyou7,886Probable lightning caused, forced evacuations in Siskiyou County, originally named the China 2 fire[47]
Summit FireTulare1,394Caused by lightning, was suppressed using indirect methods, burning in southern Sequoia National Park[48]
Red FireMariposa, Madera8,364Lightning caused, burned in Yosemite National Park, not fully suppressed due to natural barriers[49]
Six Rivers Lightning ComplexHumboldt, Trinity41,596Caused mandatory evacuations in Trinity and Humboldt counties, composed of multiple lightning fires that eventually merged into the Campbell Fire and Ammon Fire[50] [51]
Rodgers FireTuolumne2,790Lightning caused, burned in Yosemite National Park, not fully suppressed due to natural barriers[52]
Route FireLos Angeles5,208Burned near Interstate 5 and Castaic Lake, 1 structure destroyed and 7 firefighters injured [53] [54]
Border 32 FireSan Diego4,456Burned near U.S./Mexico border, 10 structures destroyed[55]
Mill FireSiskiyou3,935Burned in/near communities of Weed and Lake Shastina, destroyed 118 structures, caused 2 fatalities[56]
Mountain FireSiskiyou13,440Burned 7 miles SW of Gazelle, 4 structures destroyed[57]
Radford FireSan Bernardino1,079Burned near Big Bear Lake, has caused evacuations in the region[58]
Fairview FireRiverside28,307Burned near Hemet, caused 2 fatalities and destroyed 36 structures[59]
Mosquito FirePlacer, El Dorado76,788Burned near Foresthill and caused evacuations in Placer and El Dorado County; destroyed 78 structures[60] [61] [62]
Barnes FireModoc5,843Caused by lightning, burned near Fort Bidwell in the Warner Mountains[63]
Fork FireMadera819Caused by a vehicle, destroyed 43 structures near North Fork[64]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2022 Fire Season . June 24, 2022 . July 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701220944/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/ . live .
  2. News: Smith . Hayley . Wigglesworth . Alex . 2022-06-10 . A treacherous California fire season made more dangerous by drought, water restrictions . Los Angeles Times . 2022-06-28 . June 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220629021110/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-06-10/california-officials-offer-grim-outlook-for-2022-fire-season . live .
  3. Web site: Cal Fire Stats and Events: Current Year Statistics . July 13, 2022 . Cal Fire . July 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220713010927/https://www.fire.ca.gov/stats-events/ . live .
  4. Web site: Fire Season Climatology NWCG . 2022-03-18 . www.nwcg.gov . September 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929114758/https://www.nwcg.gov/publications/pms437/weather/fire-season-climatology#TOC-Northern-California . live .
  5. News: Smith . Hayley . November 19, 2022 . 'We got really lucky': Why California escaped another destructive fire season in 2022 . . January 2, 2023 . February 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202202853/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-31/will-recent-storms-save-califonia-from-a-brutal-fire-season . live .
  6. News: Shao . Elena . 2022-12-20 . Why California's 2022 Wildfire Season Was Unexpectedly Quiet . en-US . The New York Times . 2023-01-02 . 0362-4331 . January 2, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230102162718/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/12/20/climate/california-wildfire-season-2022.html . live .
  7. News: Sabalow . Ryan . March 22, 2022 . 'Historic dry conditions': California warns of water cuts due to drought's third year . The Sacramento Bee . March 22, 2022 . March 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322160751/https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/water-and-drought/article259636279.html . live .
  8. News: Becker . Rachel . 2022-02-16 . No end in sight: California drought on course to break another record . en-US . CalMatters . 2022-02-17 . February 17, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220217191415/https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/02/california-drought-record-january-february/ . live .
  9. Web site: Dress . Bradley . 2022-03-18 . California announces reduced supply to water agencies amid third year of drought . 2022-03-20 . TheHill . en . March 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320171900/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/598814-california-announces-reduced-supply-to-water-agencies-amid-third . live .
  10. Web site: Newburger . Emma . 2022-02-14 . Western drought fueled by climate change is the worst in 1,200 years, scientists say . 2022-02-18 . CNBC . en . February 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220218082828/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/14/western-drought-fueled-by-climate-change-is-the-worst-in-1200-years.html . live .
  11. Web site: Predictive Services . National Interagency Fire Center . April 1, 2022 . National Significant Wildland Fire Potential Outlook . March 15, 2022 . March 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220309185202/https://www.predictiveservices.nifc.gov/outlooks/monthly_seasonal_outlook.pdf . live .
  12. Web site: March 1, 2022 . Northern Operations Monthly/Seasonal Outlooks . March 15, 2022 . March 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220310015629/https://gacc.nifc.gov/oncc/predictive/outlooks/Outlook_NOps.pdf . live .
  13. News: Kasler . Dale . February 25, 2022 . After California's massive Dixie Fire, PG&E to ramp up spending on wildfire safety in 2022 . .
  14. Web site: Wildfire Mitigation Plan . 2022-03-15 . www.pge.com . March 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320170716/https://www.pge.com/en_US/safety/emergency-preparedness/natural-disaster/wildfires/wildfire-mitigation-plan.page . live .
  15. Web site: February 25, 2022 . PG&E Drives Greater Wildfire Safety While Keeping Customer Bill Impacts Essentially Flat Over Previous Proposal . PG&E News Releases . March 15, 2022 . April 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220406005225/https://www.pge.com/en_US/about-pge/media-newsroom/news-details.page?pageID=05c98df5-aaf0-4ae5-87d4-5255a9d86b4a&ts=1647309053296 . live .
  16. Web site: Bustillo . Ximena . 'Pretty brutal': Hiring woes plague Biden effort to contain wildfires . 2022-03-18 . POLITICO . March 15, 2022 . en . March 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318214600/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/03/15/bidens-effort-to-contain-wildfires-threatened-by-staffing-woes-00016419 . live .
  17. Web site: Alexander . Kurtis . 2022-03-18 . California fire season is coming. And firefighter ranks have plunged 20% . 2022-03-18 . San Francisco Chronicle . en-US . March 18, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220318223852/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/California-fire-season-is-coming-And-firefighter-17010095.php . live .
  18. Web site: 2022-05-05 . Forest Service Chief says in some areas only 50% of firefighter positions are filled . 2022-05-05 . Wildfire Today . en-US . May 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220506021154/https://wildfiretoday.com/2022/05/05/forest-service-chief-says-in-some-areas-only-50-of-firefighter-positions-are-filled/ . live .
  19. News: Phillips . Anna . Research by Vanessa Montalbano . 2022-08-23 . California's timber industry is calling on the military to help control fires . . 2022-09-15.
  20. Web site: Mulkern . Anne C. . 2020-08-24 . Fast-Moving California Wildfires Boosted by Climate Change . 2020-09-09 . Scientific American . en . September 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200905171327/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fast-moving-california-wildfires-boosted-by-climate-change/ . live .
  21. Williams . A. Park . Abatzoglou . John T. . Gershunov . Alexander . Guzman‐Morales . Janin . Bishop . Daniel A. . Balch . Jennifer K. . Lettenmaier . Dennis P. . Dennis P. Lettenmaier . 2019 . Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California . Earth's Future . en . 7 . 8 . 892–910 . 2019EaFut...7..892W . 10.1029/2019EF001210 . 2328-4277 . free.
  22. News: McGough . Michael . February 24, 2022 . 'Another reason to lose sleep': California fires are growing more intense at night, study shows . The Sacramento Bee . April 20, 2022 . November 1, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231101153104/https://www.sacbee.com/news/california/fires/article258701563.html . live .
  23. Web site: U.S. Drought Monitor . 2022-03-26 . droughtmonitor.unl.edu . March 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220327212434/https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA . live .
  24. Web site: Jung . Yoohyun . 2022-02-25 . Drought maps show California is even drier than last year in some parts of the state . 2022-03-26 . San Francisco Chronicle . en-US . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326204911/https://www.sfchronicle.com/climate/article/California-drought-Maps-show-69-of-the-state-is-16945756.php . live .
  25. Williams . A. Park . Cook . Benjamin I. . Smerdon . Jason E. . February 14, 2022 . Rapid intensification of the emerging southwestern North American megadrought in 2020–2021 . Nature Climate Change . en . 12 . 3 . 232–234 . 10.1038/s41558-022-01290-z . 2022NatCC..12..232W . 246815806 . 1758-6798 . March 26, 2022 . September 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220928143953/https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-022-01290-z . live .
  26. Web site: Alexander . Kurtis . 2022-02-14 . California slips into its worst mega-drought in 1,200 years — it's partly our fault . 2022-03-26 . San Francisco Chronicle . en-US . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326204912/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/California-rest-of-the-West-slips-into-worst-16918334.php . live .
  27. Williams . A. Park . Abatzoglou . John T. . Gershunov . Alexander . Guzman‐Morales . Janin . Bishop . Daniel A. . Balch . Jennifer K. . Lettenmaier . Dennis P. . July 15, 2019 . Observed Impacts of Anthropogenic Climate Change on Wildfire in California . Earth's Future . 7 . 8 . 892–910 . 10.1029/2019ef001210 . 2019EaFut...7..892W . 199105541 . 2328-4277 . March 26, 2022 . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326204916/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019EF001210 . live . free .
  28. Web site: Alexander . Kurtis . 2022-02-27 . Drought, fires and beetles — California's forests are dying. Is it too late to save them? . 2022-03-26 . San Francisco Chronicle . en-US . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326203921/https://www.sfchronicle.com/us-world/article/California-s-forests-are-dying-It-is-too-late-16947497.php . live .
  29. Web site: Weil . Elizabeth . They Know How to Prevent Megafires. Why Won't Anybody Listen? . 2022-03-26 . ProPublica . August 28, 2020 . en . September 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913234007/https://www.propublica.org/article/they-know-how-to-prevent-megafires-why-wont-anybody-listen . live .
  30. Web site: U.S. Forest Service Fire Suppression . 2022-03-26 . Forest History Society . en-US . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326125741/https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/u-s-forest-service-fire-suppression/ . live .
  31. Web site: Most California Fires Occur in Area of Wildland-urban Interface with Less Fuel and More People . 2022-03-26 . www.nrs.fs.fed.us . March 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320015916/http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/news/release/wui-interface-intermix . live .
  32. Web site: CALFIRE: Airport Fire Incident. February 16, 2022. February 17, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220217002836/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/2/16/airport-fire/. live.
  33. Web site: CALFIRE: Coastal Fire Incident. May 12, 2022. May 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220512020740/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/5/11/coastal-fire/. live.
  34. Web site: Coastal Fire destroys at least 20 homes in Laguna Niguel. cbsnews.com. May 12, 2022. May 12, 2022. May 12, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220512134808/https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/live-updates/coastal-fire-destroys-homes-forces-evacuations-in-laguna-niguel/. live.
  35. Web site: Lost Lake Fire Incident Report . May 27, 2022 . www.fire.ca.gov . July 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701201842/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/5/26/lost-lake-fire/ . live .
  36. Web site: Thunder Fire Incident Report . www.fire.ca.gov . June 27, 2022 . June 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220627224914/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/6/22/thunder-fire/ . live .
  37. Web site: Mayer . Steven . Firefighters appear to be gaining foothold on Thunder Fire near the Grapevine . bakersfield.com . . June 24, 2022 . June 24, 2022 . June 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220624032321/https://www.bakersfield.com/news/firefighters-appear-to-be-gaining-foothold-on-thunder-fire-near-the-grapevine/article_e7207bb6-f311-11ec-b36c-5f632244e8e1.html . live .
  38. News: Minkler . Alana . Atagi . Colin . 2022-06-27 . 1 person dies in 63-acre Roblar Fire in western Sonoma County . The Press Democrat . 2022-06-28 . June 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220628162338/https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/1-dead-in-west-sonoma-county-grass-fire/ . live .
  39. News: Amador County's Electra Fire could have been started by fireworks, sheriff says . 17 August 2022 . . 7 July 2022 . August 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814185014/https://www.ktvu.com/news/amador-countys-electra-fire-could-have-been-started-by-fireworks-sheriff-says . live .
  40. Web site: Electra Fire Incident Report . www.fire.ca.gov . July 5, 2022 . July 5, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220705030703/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/4/electra-fire/ . live .
  41. Web site: Washburn Fire Incident Overview . July 9, 2022 . InciWeb Incident Information System . July 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220711002315/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8209/ . live .
  42. Web site: Washburn Fire Incident Report . www.fire.ca.gov . July 9, 2022 . July 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220709120736/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/7/washburn-fire/ . live .
  43. Web site: Oak Fire Incident Report . 2022-07-23 . www.fire.ca.gov . July 23, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220723002320/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/22/oak-fire/ . live .
  44. Web site: McKinney Fire Incident Report . 2022-08-03 . www.fire.ca.gov . August 8, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220808230601/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/7/29/mckinney-fire/ . live .
  45. News: Medina . Eduardo . 2022-07-31 . McKinney Fire Becomes California's Largest of 2022, Burning 52,000 Acres . en-US . The New York Times . 2022-08-01 . 0362-4331 . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801004424/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/31/us/wildfire-california-mckinney.html . live .
  46. Web site: Salahieh . Nouran . Dominguez . Claudia . 2022-08-01 . 2 dead in the McKinney Fire in Northern California, the state's largest blaze this year . 2022-08-01 . . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801133605/https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/01/weather/california-mckinney-fire-monday/index.html . live .
  47. Web site: Yeti and Alex Fires Information . 2022-08-03 . InciWeb . August 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220803054618/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8299/ . live .
  48. Web site: Summit Fire Information . 2022-10-01 . InciWeb - Incident Information System . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173103/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8408/ . live .
  49. Web site: Red Fire Information . 2022-10-01 . InciWeb . September 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902234358/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8332/ . live .
  50. Web site: Six Rivers (SRF) Lightning Complex Incident Report . 2022-08-10 . www.fire.ca.gov . August 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220809173855/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/8/5/six-rivers-srf-lightning-complex/ . live .
  51. Web site: Six Rivers Lightning Complex Information . 2022-10-05 . InciWeb . August 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220810152459/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8312/ . live .
  52. Web site: Rodgers Information . 2022-10-01 . InciWeb . September 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902234358/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8333/ . live .
  53. Web site: Route Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-02 . fire.ca.gov . September 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902234400/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/8/31/route-fire/ . live .
  54. News: Elamroussi . Aya . 2022-09-01 . Evacuations ordered as a wildfire rages in northern Los Angeles County . 2022-09-01 . CNN . en . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901180011/https://www.cnn.com/2022/09/01/weather/route-wildfire-los-angeles-county/index.html . live .
  55. Web site: Border 32 Incident Report . 2022-09-02 . fire.ca.gov . September 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902234359/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/8/31/border-32/ . live .
  56. Web site: Mill Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-02 . fire.ca.gov . September 2, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220902234358/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/9/2/mill-fire/ . live .
  57. Web site: Mountain Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-03 . www.fire.ca.gov . September 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903134710/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/9/2/mountain-fire/ . live .
  58. Web site: Radford Incident Information . 2022-10-07 . InciWeb - Incident Information System . September 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220907185624/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8390/ . live .
  59. Web site: Fairview Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-06 . www.fire.ca.gov . September 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220906033437/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/9/5/fairview-fire/ . live .
  60. Web site: Mosquito Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-07 . CalFire . September 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220907173641/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/9/6/mosquito-fire/ . live .
  61. Web site: Mosquito Fire Information . 2022-10-06 . InciWeb . September 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220907205524/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8398/ . live .
  62. Web site: YubaNet . 2022-09-07 . Mosquito, Oxbow Reservoir . 2022-09-14 . YubaNet . en-US . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220911171941/https://yubanet.com/regional-fires/volcano/ . live .
  63. Web site: Barnes Fire Information . 2022-10-01 . InciWeb - Incident Information System . September 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220913000700/https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/8403/ . live .
  64. Web site: Fork Fire Incident Report . 2022-09-11 . CalFire . September 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220911020402/https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2022/9/7/fork-fire/ . live .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2022 California wildfires".

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