2022 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election explained

Election Name:2022 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election
Country:Alaska
Type:by-election
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2020 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska
Previous Year:2020
Next Election:2022 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska
Next Year:November 2022
Election Date:August 16, 2022
1Blank:First round
2Blank:Final round
Turnout:32.2%[1]
Image1:File:Rep. Mary Peltola headshot (cropped) (cropped).jpg
Candidate1:Mary Peltola
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
1Data1:74,817
39.7%
2Data1:91,266
51.5%
Candidate2:Sarah Palin
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
1Data2:58,339
30.9%
2Data2:86,026
48.5%
Candidate3:Nick Begich III
Image3:Nick Begich Official Campaign Profile Photo (alt crop).jpg
Party3:Republican Party (United States)
1Data3:52,536
27.8%
2Data3:Eliminated
U.S. Representative
Before Election:Don Young
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Mary Peltola
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2022 Alaska at-large congressional district special election was held on August 16 to fill the seat left vacant after the death of Republican incumbent Don Young.[2] Mary Peltola was elected in a 3-way race against former governor Sarah Palin and Nick Begich III in the election, becoming the first Alaska Native and woman to represent Alaska in the House.[3]

The election was the first to use Alaska's new ranked-choice voting (RCV) method, approved by voters in 2020. The winners of the top-four blanket primary advanced to the ranked-choice runoff election, but only three candidates competed (as Al Gross withdrew and endorsed Peltola). Peltola was declared the winner on August 31 after all ballots were counted.[4] [5] [6] Peltola's victory was widely seen as an upset in a traditionally Republican state. She became the first Democrat to win a statewide election in Alaska since 2008[7] and was sworn in on September 13.[8]

The results were praised by many pundits and activists. FairVote, a pro-RCV lobbying group, argued the low number of spoiled ballots proved Alaskans could use and understand the system.[9] Former presidential candidate Andrew Yang said the election served as a model for electing moderate candidates to office, regardless of partisan affiliation.[10]

By contrast, some scholars criticized the instant-runoff procedure for its pathological behavior,[11] the result of a center squeeze.[12] [13] Although Mary Peltola received a plurality of first choice votes and won in the final round, a majority of voters ranked her last or left her off their ballot entirely. Begich was eliminated in the first round, despite being preferred by a majority to each one of his opponents, with 53% of voters ranking him above Peltola.[14] [15] [16] However, Palin spoiled the election by splitting the first-round vote, leading to Begich's elimination and costing Republicans the seat.[17]

The election also exhibited nonmonotonic behavior, where a voter's ballot has the opposite of its intended effect.[18] In this race, Begich lost as a result of at least 5,200 ballots with the ranking order Palin, Begich, Peltola; had those voters simply not participated at all, Begich would have beaten Peltola, a preferred outcome.[14] Similarly, had these Palin voters ranked Peltola first, Peltola would have lost to Begich, the same preferred outcome.[19]

In the wake of the election, a poll found 54% of Alaskans, including a third of Peltola voters, supported a repeal of RCV, leading some observers to compare it to the 2009 Burlington mayoral election, where similar pathologies resulted in a 2010 initiative repealing the system.[20] [21] [22] Observers noted such pathologies would have occurred under Alaska's previous primary system as well, leading some to suggest Alaska adopt an alternative rule without this behavior.

Nonpartisan blanket primary

Candidates

Advanced to general election

Withdrew after advancing to general election

Eliminated in primary

Withdrawn

Declined

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Nick
Begich
(R)		Santa
Claus
(I)		John
Coghill
(R)		Christopher
Constant
(D)		Al
Gross
(I)		Andrew
Halcro
(I)		Jeff
Lowenfels
(I)		Sarah
Palin
(R)		Mary
Peltola
(D)		Josh
Revak
(R)		Tara
Sweeney
(R)		Adam
Wool
(D)		OtherUndecided
Alaska Survey Research[47] May 6–9, 2022605 (LV)± 4.0%16%6%2%5%13%2%3%19%5%4%4%2%4%16%
Remington Research Group (R)[48] April 7–9, 2022955 (LV)± 3.1%21%––7%26%––31%–3%2%–4%6%

Results

General election

Under Alaska's top-four primary system, if a general election candidate drops out, the director of elections may replace them with the name of the fifth-place finisher. Shortly after the primary, Al Gross dropped out of the general election, but Division of Elections Director Gail Fenumiai did not advance Tara Sweeney in his place because there were less than 64 days remaining until the general election as required by law. After a lawsuit, the Alaska Supreme Court upheld Fenumiai's decision.

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
align=left The Cook Political Report[49] August 10, 2022
align=left Inside Elections[50] August 4, 2022
align=left Sabato's Crystal Ball[51] June 22, 2022

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		RCV
count		Nick
Begich
(R)		Al
Gross
(I)		Sarah
Palin
(R)		Mary
Peltola
(D)		Undecided
Alaska Survey Research[52] July 20–25, 20221,219 (LV)± 2.9%130%–29%41%–
255%–45%
2*–49%51%
Alaska Survey Research[53] July 2–5, 20221,201 (LV)± 2.9%131%–29%40%–
257%–43%
2 –49%51%
June 21, 2022Gross withdraws from the race
Alaska Survey Research[55] May 6–9, 2022605 (LV)± 4.0%129%27%26%19%–
233%40%28%–
354%46%–
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		RCV
count		Nick
Begich
(R)		Santa
Claus
(I)		Christopher
Constant
(D)		Al
Gross
(I)		Sarah
Palin
(R)		Tara
Sweeney
(R)		Undecided
Alaska Survey Research[56] May 6–9, 2022605 (LV)± 4.0%128%<--Begich-->21%–<--Constant-->26%25%–<--Sweeney-->–<--Undecided-->
232%–<--Claus-->40%<--Gross-->28%
353%47%–
3 –53%–47%
Alaska Survey Research[58] May 6–9, 2022605 (LV)± 4.0%129%<--Begich-->–<--Claus-->17%27%28%–<--Sweeney-->–<--Undecided-->
232%–<--Constant-->40%<--Gross-->28%
354%46%–
Alaska Survey Research[59] May 6–9, 2022605 (LV)± 4.0%128%–<--Claus/Constant-->35%<--Gross-->26%11%–<--Undecided-->
232%39%<--Gross-->29%–<--Sweeney-->
355%45%–
Al Gross vs. Sarah Palin vs. Lora Reinbold vs. Josh Revak
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		RCV
count		Al
Gross
(I)		Sarah
Palin
(R)		Lora
Reinbold
(R)		Josh
Revak
(R)		Undecided
Change Research (D)[60] March 25–29, 2022728 (LV)± 3.6%33%30%8%9%16%
233%30%–11%26%
335%35%––30%
Al Gross vs. Sarah Palin
Al Gross vs. Josh Revak

Results

2022 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election[61]
PartyCandidateFirst choiceRound 1Round 2
Votes%TransferVotes%TransferVotes%
Democratic74,81739.66%+98275,79940.19%+15,46791,26651.5%
Republican58,33930.92%+63458,97331.27%+27,05386,02648.5%
Republican52,53627.84%+1,27453,81028.53%-53,810Eliminated
Write-in2,9741.58%-2,974Eliminated
Total votes188,666188,582177,292
Blank or inactive ballots3,707+11,29014,997
Democratic gain from Republican
DistrictNick Begich III
Republican		Sarah Palin
Republican		Mary Peltola
Democratic		Write-inMargin Total votes
data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %
District 11,44833.42%1,40932.52%1,43233.05%441.02%160.37%4,333
District 297920.03%1,50430.78%2,35948.27%450.92%85517.50%4,887
District 31,52223.28%1,23518.89%3,72356.94%590.90%2,20133.66%6,539
District 41,00317.38%70112.15%4,01469.55%530.92%3,01152.17%5,771
District 592923.05%1,30132.27%1,74343.24%581.44%44210.97%4,031
District 61,92325.63%2,46832.90%3,03940.51%720.96%5717.61%7,502
District 71,67330.99%2,44845.34%1,21322.47%651.20%77514.35%5,399
District 81,86728.54%3,21649.17%1,39421.31%640.98%1,34920.62%6,541
District 92,68432.55%1,65620.08%3,72245.13%1852.24%1,03812.59%8,247
District 101,68732.11%1,37026.08%2,09939.96%971.85%4127.84%5,253
District 112,05433.11%1,50624.28%2,53740.90%1061.71%4837.79%6,203
District 121,34128.17%1,11423.40%2,22846.81%771.62%88718.63%4,760
District 131,09627.41%1,04726.18%1,79144.79%651.63%69517.38%3,999
District 141,00021.80%89719.56%2,61557.01%751.64%1,61535.21%4,587
District 151,88432.62%1,34923.36%2,43942.23%1031.78%5559.61%5,775
District 161,67127.09%1,13818.45%3,23452.43%1252.03%1,56325.34%6,168
District 1790518.96%70414.75%3,06664.25%972.03%2,16145.28%4,772
District 1829922.91%36027.59%62647.97%201.53%26620.38%1,305
District 1953620.93%52120.34%1,46557.20%391.52%92936.27%2,561
District 2088523.17%92424.19%1,96951.56%411.07%1,04527.36%3,819
District 211,52828.67%1,25623.56%2,46946.32%771.44%94117.65%5,330
District 2275530.77%68227.79%97139.57%461.87%2168.80%2,454
District 231,90932.15%1,88431.73%2,04434.43%1001.68%1352.27%5,937
District 242,19137.08%1,94532.92%1,68228.47%911.54%2464.16%5,909
District 252,07033.93%2,33838.32%1,62426.62%691.13%2684.39%6,101
District 261,56631.95%2,39848.92%88318.01%551.12%83216.97%4,902
District 271,41030.78%2,30350.27%80917.66%591.29%89319.49%4,581
District 281,68332.88%2,40246.92%97919.12%551.07%71914.05%5,119
District 291,83432.35%2,39042.15%1,39524.60%510.90%5569.81%5,670
District 301,58126.73%2,72946.14%1,54226.07%631.07%1,14819.41%5,915
District 3195326.64%1,14431.98%1,40739.33%732.04%2637.35%3,577
District 3256226.53%92943.86%58127.43%462.17%34816.43%2,118
District 331,11727.45%2,14552.72%74318.26%641.57%1,02825.26%4,069
District 341,41125.52%1,96635.56%2,04136.91%1112.01%751.36%5,529
District 351,18220.90%1,45325.69%2,91148.4%1091.93%1,45825.78%5,655
District 361,48526.61%1,97935.46%2,03036.37%871.56%510.91%5,581
District 3759928.62%56326.90%90843.38%231.10%30914.76%2,093
District 3828915.17%26914.12%1,32769.66%201.05%1,03854.49%1,905
District 3963528.01%39117.25%1,18552.27%562.47%55024.26%2,267
District 4038926.46%30320.61%54937.35%22915.58%16010.88%1,470
Overseas voters13.13%26.25%2990.63%00.00%2784.38%32
Totals52,53627.85%58,33930.92%74,81739.66%2,9741.58%16,4788.73%188,666
DistrictMary Peltola
Democratic		Sarah Palin
Republican		MarginTotal active votes
data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %data-sort-type="number" data-sort-type="number" %
District 11,89449.17%1,95850.83%641.66%3,852
District 22,73959.34%1,87740.66%86218.67%4,616
District 34,25068.59%1,94631.41%2,30437.19%6,196
District 44,40879.74%1,12020.26%3,28859.48%5,528
District 52,12356.05%1,66543.95%45812.09%3,788
District 63,56250.10%3,54849.90%140.20%7,110
District 71,64333.34%3,28566.66%1,64233.32%4,928
District 81,82230.05%4,24169.95%2,41939.90%6,063
District 94,53658.81%3,17741.19%1,35917.62%7,713
District 102,66153.83%2,28246.17%3797.67%4,943
District 113,14854.23%2,65745.77%4918.46%5,805
District 122,69459.43%1,83940.57%85518.86%4,533
District 132,17257.07%1,63442.93%53814.14%3,806
District 143,01368.93%1,35831.07%1,65537.86%4,371
District 153,03155.99%2,38244.01%64911.99%5,413
District 163,84765.67%2,01134.33%1,83631.34%5,858
District 173,47576.12%1,09023.88%2,38552.25%4,565
District 1872758.39%51841.61%20916.79%1,245
District 191,67568.28%77831.72%89736.57%2,453
District 202,33163.64%1,33236.36%99927.27%3,663
District 212,96958.68%2,09141.32%87817.35%5,060
District 221,24053.54%1,07646.46%1647.08%2,316
District 232,57046.28%2,98353.72%4137.44%5,553
District 242,20340.27%3,26759.73%1,06419.45%5,470
District 252,12637.60%3,52962.40%1,40324.81%5,655
District 261,17525.63%3,40974.37%2,23448.73%4,584
District 271,15126.88%3,13173.12%1,98046.24%4,282
District 281,39729.23%3,38370.77%1,98641.55%4,780
District 291,85534.74%3,48465.26%1,62930.51%5,339
District 301,94234.88%3,62665.12%1,68430.24%5,568
District 311,75252.24%1,60247.76%1504.47%3,354
District 3277738.66%1,23361.34%45622.69%2,010
District 331,00626.18%2,83773.82%1,83147.65%3,843
District 342,47047.43%2,73852.57%2685.15%5,208
District 353,37362.13%2,05637.87%1,31724.26%5,429
District 362,46247.19%2,75552.81%2935.62%5,217
District 371,15759.79%77840.21%37919.59%1,935
District 381,49080.41%36319.59%1,12760.82%1,853
District 391,50774.35%52025.65%98748.69%2,027
District 4086365.13%46234.87%40130.26%1,325
Overseas voters2990.63%39.38%2681.25%32
Totals91,26548.4%86,02445.6%5,2412.96%177,289

Pairwise comparison

Pairwise comparison matrix!!Begich!Peltola!Palin
Begich-88,126101,438
Peltola79,486-91,375
Palin63,66686,197-
The pairwise comparison shows that Begich is the Condorcet winner (majority-preferred winner) while Palin is both the Condorcet loser and a spoiler:[62] [63] [64] [65]
!Winner!!Loser!Winner!Loser
Begichvs.Peltola52.6%vs. 47.4%
Begichvs.Palin61.4%vs. 38.6%
Peltolavs.Palin51.5%vs. 48.5%

See also

Notes

Partisan clients

Notes and References

  1. Web site: September 2, 2022 . State of Alaska 2022 SPECIAL GENERAL ELECTION Election Summary Report August 16, 2022 OFFICIAL RESULTS . September 2, 2022 . Alaska Division of Elections . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053708/https://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/22SSPG/ElectionSummaryReportRPTS.pdf . August 17, 2022 . live.
  2. News: Miller . Andrew Mark . March 18, 2022 . Alaska Republican Congressman Don Young dead at 88 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319125042/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/alaska-republican-congressman-don-young-dead-at-88-report . March 19, 2022 . March 18, 2022 . Fox News.
  3. Web site: Rockey . Tim . September 2022 . Peltola to become first Alaska Native, first female Alaska congresswoman . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901003121/https://www.alaskasnewssource.com/2022/09/01/peltola-become-first-alaska-native-first-female-congresswoman/ . 2022-09-01 . 2022-09-01 . Alaskasnewssource.com.
  4. Web site: Brooks . James . March 19, 2022 . Alaska's first ranked-choice election will be a special vote to replace Rep. Don Young . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220323050352/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/03/19/alaskas-first-ranked-choice-election-will-be-a-special-vote-to-replace-rep-don-young/ . March 23, 2022 . March 21, 2022 . Anchorage Daily News . en.
  5. Web site: Iris Samuels . Peltola again grows her lead, but final outcome in Alaska's U.S. House race is days away . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220828211809/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/08/26/peltola-again-grows-her-lead-but-final-outcome-in-alaskas-us-house-race-is-days-away/ . August 28, 2022 . 2022-08-28 . Anchorage Daily News . en.
  6. News: 2022-09-01 . Democrat Mary Peltola wins special election to fill Alaska's U.S. House seat . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901012607/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democrat-mary-peltola-wins-special-election-fill-alaskas-us-house-seat-2022-09-01/ . September 1, 2022 . 2022-09-01 . Reuters . en.
  7. Web site: Rakich . Nathaniel . 2022-09-01 . What Democrats' Win In Alaska Tells Us About November . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901113613/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/what-democrats-win-in-alaska-tells-us-about-november . 2022-09-01 . 2022-09-01 . FiveThirtyEight . en-US.
  8. Web site: Media . Alaska Public . Media . Chris Klint, Alaska Public . 2022-09-13 . Mary Peltola makes history as first Alaska Native person sworn into Congress . 2024-05-19 . KTOO . en-US.
  9. Web site: Otis . Deb . 31 August 2022 . Results and analysis from Alaska's first RCV election . FairVote . en.
  10. Web site: September 19, 2023 . North to the Future: Alaska's Ranked Choice Voting System is Praised and Criticized Nationally . Alaska Public Media.
  11. News: Maskin . Eric . Eric Maskin . Foley . Edward B. . 2022-11-01 . Opinion: Alaska's ranked-choice voting is flawed. But there's an easy fix. . 2024-02-09 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
  12. 2303.00108v1 . cs.CY . Jeanne N. . Clelland . Ranked Choice Voting And the Center Squeeze in the Alaska 2022 Special Election: How Might Other Voting Methods Compare? . 2023-02-28 . en . 6.
  13. Web site: Atkinson . Nathan . Ganz . Scott C. . 2022-10-30 . The flaw in ranked-choice voting: rewarding extremists . 2023-05-14 . The Hill . en-US . However, ranked-choice voting makes it more difficult to elect moderate candidates when the electorate is polarized. For example, in a three-person race, the moderate candidate may be preferred by a majority of voters to each of the more extreme candidates. However, voters with far-left and far-right views will rank the candidate in second place rather than in first place. Since ranked-choice voting counts only the number of first-choice votes (among the remaining candidates), the moderate candidate would be eliminated in the first round, leaving one of the extreme candidates to be declared the winner..
  14. Graham-Squire . Adam . McCune . David . 2022-09-11 . A Mathematical Analysis of the 2022 Alaska Special Election for US House . 2 . econ.GN . 2209.04764v3 . en . Since Begich wins both … he is the Condorcet winner of the election … AK election also contains a Condorcet loser: Sarah Palin. … she is also a spoiler candidate.
  15. Web site: Atkinson . Nathan . Ganz . Scott C. . 2022-10-30 . The flaw in ranked-choice voting: rewarding extremists . 2023-05-14 . The Hill . en-US . However, ranked-choice voting makes it more difficult to elect moderate candidates when the electorate is polarized. For example, in a three-person race, the moderate candidate may be preferred to each of the more extreme candidates by a majority of voters. However, voters with far-left and far-right views will rank the candidate in second place rather than in first place. Since ranked-choice voting counts only the number of first-choice votes (among the remaining candidates), the moderate candidate would be eliminated in the first round, leaving one of the extreme candidates to be declared the winner..
  16. Clelland . Jeanne N. . 2023-02-28 . Ranked Choice Voting And the Center Squeeze in the Alaska 2022 Special Election: How Might Other Voting Methods Compare? . 6 . cs.CY . 2303.00108v1 . en.
  17. Graham-Squire . Adam . McCune . David . 2024-01-02 . Ranked Choice Wackiness in Alaska . Math Horizons . en . 31 . 1 . 24–27 . 10.1080/10724117.2023.2224675 . 1072-4117.
  18. Doron . Gideon . Kronick . Richard . 1977 . Single Transferrable Vote: An Example of a Perverse Social Choice Function . American Journal of Political Science . 21 . 2 . 303–311 . 10.2307/2110496 . 2110496 . 0092-5853.
  19. Web site: Hamlin . Aaron . 2022-09-16 . RCV Fools Palin Voters into Electing a Progressive Democrat . 2024-07-11 . The Center for Election Science . en-US . It’s a good thing for Peltola that she didn’t attract more Palin voters—she’d have lost. The strangeness continues. Peltola could have actually gotten more 1st choice votes in this election and caused herself to lose. How’s that? Let’s look. [...] Imagine if Peltola reached across the aisle and spoke directly to Palin voters. Imagine that she empathized with their position and identified issues they cared about that Palin and even Begich ignored. And let’s say that as a consequence, Peltola got the first-choice votes of between 5,200 and 8,500 voters who would have otherwise ranked only Palin. What happens as a result? Palin would have gotten eliminated in the first round and Peltola would still not be able to beat Begich..
  20. Web site: Baruth . Philip . March 12, 2009 . Voting Paradoxes and Perverse Outcomes: Political Scientist Tony Gierzynski Lays Out A Case Against Instant Runoff Voting . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726125814/http://vermontdailybriefing.com/?p=1213 . July 26, 2011 . Vermont Daily Briefing.
  21. Web site: March 2, 2010 . Burlington voters repeal IRV . https://web.archive.org/web/20160409132306/http://www.wcax.com/story/12074080/burlington-voters-repeal-irv . April 9, 2016 . March 28, 2016 . Wcax.com.
  22. Web site: April 27, 2010 . Instant run-off voting experiment ends in Burlington : Rutland Herald Online . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055602/http://www.rutlandherald.com/article/20100427/NEWS03/4270339/1004/NEWS03 . March 4, 2016 . April 1, 2016 . Rutlandherald.com.
  23. News: March 21, 2022 . Begich, Constant to Run in Special Alaska US House Election . Associated Press . March 21, 2022 . March 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220321225415/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/alaska/articles/2022-03-21/begich-constant-to-run-in-special-alaska-us-house-election . live.
  24. News: Ex-legislator advances to Alaska's special US House election. Associated Press News. June 17, 2022. June 18, 2022. Becky Bohrer. June 18, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220618011714/https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-sarah-palin-don-young-special-371d83064ee4754ba6575f4758f9f974. live.
  25. News: Ulloa . Jazmine . Peters . Jeremy W. . April 2, 2022 . Sarah Palin Announces She's Running for Congress in Alaska . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220510002411/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/01/us/politics/sarah-palin-running-congress-alaska.html . May 10, 2022 . April 2, 2022 . The New York Times.
  26. Web site: Candidate list keeps growing with former lawmaker Mary Sattler Peltola . April 1, 2022 . www.adn.com/ . April 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220401174239/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/04/01/live-updates-alaskas-us-house-race-expands-as-5-pm-deadline-nears/#sattler . live.
  27. Web site: June 21, 2022 . Al Gross withdraws from Alaska's U.S. House campaign . June 21, 2022 . Anchorage Daily News . en . June 21, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220621032740/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/06/20/al-gross-withdraws-from-alaskas-us-house-campaign/ . live.
  28. Web site: Al Gross, a top four candidate for US House, calls it quits. Ruskin. Liz. June 21, 2022. June 27, 2022. June 23, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220623061705/https://www.ktoo.org/2022/06/21/al-gross-a-top-four-candidate-for-us-house-calls-it-quits/. live.
  29. Web site: 2022 Special Primary Election for U.S. Representative . March 26, 2022 . Alaska Division of Elections . March 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220327164829/https://www.elections.alaska.gov/Core/candidatelistspecprim.php . live.
  30. News: Herz . Nathaniel . Brooks . James . March 22, 2022 . After Young's death, Alaska's political world braces for a sea change and an elections marathon . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322040545/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/03/21/after-youngs-death-alaskas-political-world-braces-for-a-sea-change-and-an-elections-marathon/ . March 22, 2022 . March 22, 2022 . Anchorage Daily News.
  31. Web site: OUR campaign gives voters hope for a better future for all Alaskans, especially our children. Thank you so much for your unwavering support, kind words, and love (the greatest gift), and the powerful statement you have made with your vote. My 2-min video. June 28, 2022. June 29, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220629185028/https://twitter.com/SantaClausforAK/status/1540793879649062912. live.
  32. News: Bohrer . Becky . March 28, 2022 . Gross, Coghill say they plan to run for Alaska US House seat . . . live . March 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329090134/https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Independent-Al-Gross-to-run-for-US-House-seat-in-17034017.php . March 29, 2022.
  33. Web site: O'Hara. Ashlyn. April 2, 2022. Soldotna resident joins bid for US House seat. April 2, 2022. Peninsula Clarion. April 2, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220402080437/https://www.peninsulaclarion.com/news/soldotna-resident-joins-bid-for-us-house-seat/. live.
  34. Web site: Robert Lyons . Ballotpedia . April 6, 2022 . April 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220406030752/https://ballotpedia.org/Robert_Lyons . live.
  35. Web site: Emil Notti, who ran against Don Young in 1973, jumps into the race. April 1, 2022. www.adn.com/. April 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220401174239/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/04/01/live-updates-alaskas-us-house-race-expands-as-5-pm-deadline-nears/#notti. live.
  36. Web site: Pellegrini . Silvio . April 6, 2022 . LinkedIn Profile . LinkedIn.
  37. Web site: Palin joins 50 others in running for Alaska US House seat. Becky. Bohrer. April 2, 2022. Alton Telegraph. April 2, 2022. April 15, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220415224203/https://www.thetelegraph.com/news/article/List-of-candidates-for-Alaska-US-House-seat-tops-17051946.php. live.
  38. Web site: Samuels. Iris. Herz. Nathaniel. Brooks. James. April 2, 2022. 51 candidates: A wild U.S. House race takes shape in Alaska. April 2, 2022. Anchorage Daily News. April 2, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220402060037/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/04/01/51-candidates-a-wild-us-house-race-takes-shape-in-alaska/. live.
  39. Web site: Herz . Nathaniel . March 26, 2022 . An array of Alaska politicians ponder bids in the "absolute jungle" of elections to replace U.S. Rep. Don Young . March 26, 2022 . . March 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220326154710/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/03/26/an-array-of-alaska-politicians-ponder-bids-in-the-absolute-jungle-of-elections-to-replace-us-rep-don-young/ . live.
  40. News: Thiessen . Mark . June 26, 2022 . Alaska Supreme Court ruling keeps Sweeney off House ballot . . live . June 26, 2022 . September 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901012609/https://www.krqe.com/news/politics/alaska-supreme-court-ruling-keeps-sweeney-off-house-ballot/.
  41. News: George . Kavitha . August 12, 2022 . Sweeney files as official write-in candidate in special US House race . . live . August 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820120913/https://alaskapublic.org/2022/08/12/sweeney-files-as-official-write-in-candidate-in-special-us-house-race/ . August 20, 2022.
  42. Web site: Stephen Wright (Alaska) . Ballotpedia . April 6, 2022 . April 6, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220406030756/https://ballotpedia.org/Stephen_Wright_(Alaska) . live.
  43. Web site: Hickman . Matt . March 21, 2022 . Rumors swirl, but Al Gross remains the only newcomer who's a virtual lock to enter race to replace Don Young . March 26, 2022 . . March 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220322005502/https://www.anchoragepress.com/news/rumors-swirl-but-al-gross-remains-the-only-newcomer-who-s-a-virtual-lock-to/article_12f3e712-a96d-11ec-ad29-1307a4ec5ce3.html . live.
  44. Web site: Alaska's U.S. House candidate field expands as Friday deadline nears. Anchorage Daily News. April 2, 2022. April 2, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220402010208/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/03/30/alaskas-us-house-candidate-field-expands-as-friday-deadline-nears/. live.
  45. Web site: VIDEO: U.S. House hopefuls pitch to resource development groups at candidate forum. May 12, 2022. May 15, 2022. Anchorage Daily News. May 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220514104254/https://www.adn.com/politics/2022/05/12/video-us-house-hopefuls-pitch-to-resource-development-groups-at-candidate-forum/. live.
  46. Web site: Alaska U.S. House candidate forum: May 12, 2022. May 12, 2022. October 30, 2024. YouTube.
  47. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "OFFICIAL RELEASE: Begich in strong posit…. May 10, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  48. Web site: New Must Read Alaska poll: Sarah Palin, Nick Begich are top two Republicans on the ballot for Congress. Suzanne. Downing. April 10, 2022. October 30, 2024.
  49. Web site: Wasserman . Dave . August 10, 2022 . Trump's Grip on GOP Remains Strong, but "Red Wave" Looking Smaller . . August 10, 2022 . August 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220810130609/https://www.cookpolitical.com/analysis/senate/2022-primaries/trumps-grip-gop-remains-strong-red-wave-looking-smaller . live.
  50. Web site: House Ratings . The Rothenberg Political Report . August 26, 2022 . August 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826075251/https://insideelections.com/ratings/house/2022-house-ratings-august-4-2022 . live.
  51. Web site: Kondik. Kyle. Notes on the State of Politics: June 22, 2022. June 22, 2022. June 22, 2022. June 22, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220622150130/https://centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/notes-on-the-state-of-politics-june-22-2022/. live.
  52. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "BREAKING CONGRESS SPECIAL ELECTION POLL …. July 29, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  53. Web site: Alaska Survey Research. October 30, 2024.
  54. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "Nicholas Begich beats Mary Peltola 57-43…. July 7, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  55. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "Race 3 (Peltola): Round 1: Palin 26% Beg…. May 10, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  56. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "Race 4 (Claus): Round 1: Palin 25% Begic…. May 10, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  57. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "ADDENDUM: One of the good things about c…. May 11, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  58. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "Race 2 (Constant): Round 1: Palin 28% Be…. May 10, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  59. Web site: Ivan Moore on Twitter: "Here are the four sets of results, one w…. May 10, 2022. archive.ph. October 30, 2024.
  60. https://admin.314action.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/AK-314-Action-Toplines-March-25-29-2022.pdf Change Research (D)
  61. Web site: September 2, 2022 . State of Alaska 2022 SPECIAL GENERAL ELECTION RCV Tabulation August 16, 2022 OFFICIAL RESULTS . September 2, 2022 . Alaska Division of Elections.
  62. Graham-Squire . Adam . McCune . David . 2022-09-11 . A Mathematical Analysis of the 2022 Alaska Special Election for US House . 2 . econ.GN . 2209.04764v3 . en . Since Begich wins both … he is the Condorcet winner of the election … AK election also contains a Condorcet loser: Sarah Palin. … she is also a spoiler candidate.
  63. Holliday . Wesley H. . Pacuit . Eric . 2023-10-01 . Split Cycle: a new Condorcet-consistent voting method independent of clones and immune to spoilers . Public Choice . en . 197 . 1 . 1–62 . 2004.02350 . 10.1007/s11127-023-01042-3 . 1573-7101 . and yet with Palin included, Instant Runoff elected the Democrat in the race, making Palin a spoiler.
  64. Web site: Holliday . Wesley H. . March 13, 2024 . A simple Condorcet voting method for Final Four elections . March 23, 2024 . Hence Begich was the Condorcet winner. … spoiler and Condorcet loser, Palin.
  65. Web site: Ogren . Marcus . 2022-10-03 . The "Correct" Winner is Squeezed Out in the Alaska Special Election . 2024-03-24 . League of Women Voters of Boulder County . en.

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