2022–2023 West Azerbaijan earthquakes explained

2022–2023 West Azerbaijan earthquakes
Timestamp:2022-10-05 00:21:29
Timestamp-A:2023-01-18 10:08:12
Timestamp-B:2023-01-28 18:14:44
Anss-Url:us6000iqx6
Anss-Url-A:us7000j56z
Anss-Url-B:us6000jk0t
Isc-Event:624850002
Local-Time:03:51 (UTC+3:30)
Local-Time-A:13:38 (UTC+3:30)
Local-Time-B:21:44 (UTC+3:30)
Magnitude:5.6
Magnitude-A:5.7
Magnitude-B:5.9
Depth:15km (09miles)
17km (11miles)
Location:38.511°N 45.038°W
Type:Oblique-reverse
Affected:Iran
Casualties:3 dead, 3,314 injured

Starting on 21 September 2022, and progressing into 2023, an earthquake swarm occurred in the Iranian province of West Azerbaijan, close to the city of Khoy near the Turkish border. Due to mainly three events, a total of 3,880 buildings were destroyed and 52,301 others were damaged in Khoy, including nearly 1,000 schools. Three people died and over 3,310 others were injured, almost all of them due to panic and only a few from collapsed houses.

Tectonic setting

Iran lies within the complicated zone of continental collision between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates, which extends from the Zagros fold and thrust belt in the south to the Caucasus mountains and the Kopet Dag mountains to the north.[1] In northwestern Iran, the Arabian Plate is moving at about 20 mm per year relative to the Eurasian Plate. Deformation near the city of Tabriz is dominated by the North Tabriz Fault, a WNW-ESE trending right-lateral strike-slip fault, which has been responsible for seven major earthquakes of magnitude 6 or higher since 858 AD.[2] Other known active faults include a W-E trending fault between the cities of Ahar and Heris.[3] This same setting was responsible for a magnitude 6.4 earthquake in August 2012, killing at least 38 and injuring more than 3,200, 268 of which died later in hospitals.[4] [5] In February 2020, two earthquakes caused ten deaths and many injuries in both countries.

Earthquake sequence

The earthquakes occurred near the city of Khoy, and started with a magnitude 5.1 foreshock on September 21.[6] On 5 October, a magnitude 5.6 earthquake hit about southeast of Khoy, at a depth of 15 km.[7] On 18 January 2023, a magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck about 4 km to the southwest.[8] Ten days later, an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9, struck 2 km to the southwest.[9] The mainshock was also felt in Turkey,[10] Azerbaijan,[11] and Armenia.[12] A magnitude 5.2 aftershock struck on 16 March,[13] followed by a magnitude 5.6 event on 24 March.[14]

Impact

2022 event

At least 1,127 people were injured, of whom 135 required treatment.[15] Over 1,100 houses were destroyed and around 10,000 others were damaged in Khoy.[16] [17] However, only one injury was caused by falling debris.[18] In total, two provinces, two cites and 53 villages were affected by the earthquake.

2023 events

January 18

An additional 252 people received panic-induced injuries.[19] At least 4,420 houses were damaged, of which 570 collapsed or were uninhabitable,[20] [21] and 3,850 others received minor to moderate damage.[22]

January 28

Damage more severe than the previous two events occurred, as well as some power outages.[23] The earthquake killed three people.[24] An additional 1,750 were injured,[25] including at least seven in Salmas and three in Chaypareh.[26] [27] [28] [29] Between 20 and 50 percent of houses in 70 villages near the epicentre, as well as over 2,120 others in Khoy collapsed,[30] [31] while 7,500 houses received moderate damage and 30,000 others with slight damage.[32] [33] [34] At least 88 schools were also destroyed and 873 others were damaged.[35]

March 16

Some houses were slightly damaged and 20 people were injured.[36]

March 24

At least 165 people were injured, two houses collapsed, while 78 others were damaged in ten villages near the epicenter and in Khoy and Salmas.[37] Landslides blocked some roads and power outages occurred in two villages.[38] [39]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Talebian. M.. Jackson J.. 2004. A reappraisal of earthquake focal mechanisms and active shortening in the Zagros mountains of Iran. Geophysical Journal International. 156. 3. 506–526. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02092.x. 2004GeoJI.156..506T . free.
  2. Moradi. A.S.. Hatzfeld D. & Tatar M.. 2011. Microseismicity and seismotectonics of the North Tabriz fault (Iran). Tectonophysics. 506. 1–4. 22–30. 2011Tectp.506...22S. 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.04.008.
  3. Web site: Seismic Hazard Assessment of Tabriz, a City in the Northwest of Iran. Hoseinpour. M.. Zare M.. 2009. Science Information Database. 6 October 2022.
  4. Web site: M 6.4 – 26 km SW of Ahar, Iran. 11 August 2012. 1 August 2021.
  5. News: Torbati. Yeganeh. Two earthquakes in Iran kill 250 and injure 2,000. 12 August 2012. Reuters. 12 August 2012. Dubai.
  6. Web site: M 5.1 - Turkey-Iran border region. earthquake.usgs.gov.
  7. Web site: M 5.6 - 8 km ESE of Khowy, Iran. United States Geological Survey. 5 October 2022. 5 October 2022.
  8. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.7 - Turkey-Iran border region. 18 January 2023. United States Geological Survey.
  9. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.9 - 14 km SSW of Khowy, Iran. 28 January 2023. United States Geological Survey.
  10. Web site: Gündem. İran'da korkutan deprem! Türkiye'den de hissedildi… (Son depremler). 28 January 2023. Sözcü. tr.
  11. Web site: Naxçıvanda zəlzələ olub. 28 January 2023. AZERTAG. az.
  12. Web site: Երկրաշարժ Իրանում. Երեւանում այն զգացվել է 3-4 բալ, Սյունիքում' 5 բալ ուժգնությամբ. 28 January 2023. News.am. hy.
  13. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.2 - Northwestern Iran. United States Geological Survey. 16 March 2023. 16 March 2023.
  14. Web site: National Earthquake Information Center. M 5.6 - 13 km SW of Khowy, Iran. United States Geological Survey. 22 March 2023. 24 March 2023.
  15. News: Over 500 injured in Iran quake . 5 October 2022 . Malaysia Now . Agence France-Presse . 5 October 2022 . en.
  16. Web site: آسیب به 11 هزار خانه در زمین لرزه شهرستان خوی / مردم نیازمند وسایل گرمایشی هستند. shoraha.org.ir. fa. 10 October 2022.
  17. News: تخریب کامل ۵۰ واحد روستایی بر اثر زلزله خوی / آب و برق در همه مناطق وصل است. 5 October 2022 . . 5 October 2022 . fa.
  18. Web site: Iran: Earthquake - Oct 2022. 19 October 2022. ReliefWeb.
  19. Web site: به ۱۳ هزار و ۵۶۰ نفر در زلزله خوی امدادرسانی شد. fa. 20 January 2023. Moj News Agency.
  20. Web site: زلزله ۵.۴ ریشتری در خوی/ مصدومیت ۱۲۰ تن تاکنون، خسارت به ۲۰۰ خانه و ادامه ارزیابی‌ها . fa. 18 January 2023.
  21. Web site: چند خانه در زلزله خوی آسیب دیده است؟. Shargh. 26 January 2023. fa.
  22. Web site: پایان عملیات امداد و نجات و ارزیابی زلزله زده خوی. fa. January 2023. Young Journalists Club.
  23. Web site: Strong earthquake strikes Turkey-Iran border. Yahoo! News. 28 January 2023.
  24. Web site: خوی، کانون زلزله های پنج ریشتری . Khoi, the epicenter of five magnitude earthquakes . fa. Islamic Republic News Agency. 29 January 2023.
  25. Web site: استاندار آذربایجان غربی: ۲۱ اردوگاه برای زلزله زدگان در خوی ایجاد شده است. fa. Islamic Republic News Agency. 29 January 2023.
  26. Web site: زلزله ۵.9 ریشتری خوی را لرزاند/ گزارش تخریب منازل در شهر فیرورق کانون زلزله/ ۵۸۰ مصدوم و 2 فوتی تا این لحظه. fa. Fars News Agency. 29 January 2023.
  27. News: Three dead and 447 injured in the northwest Iran earthquake. «سه کشته و ۴۴۷ زخمی» در زلزله شمال غربی ایران . 29 January 2023 . BBC News . 29 January 2023 . fa.
  28. News: آخرین اخبار از زلزله خوی در آذربایجان غربی ۴۴۰ مصدوم و ۷ فوتی تا این لحظه (۸ بهمن ۱۴۰۱) + فیلم و عکس . The latest news about the Khoi earthquake in West Azerbaijan 440 injured and 7 feet so far (8 February 1401) + video and photos . 29 January 2023 . Shahrara News . 29 January 2023 . fa.
  29. Web site: ببینید آمار جدید مصدومان زلزله خوی بیشترین مصدوم از اهالی خوی هستند . fa. Hamshahri. 29 January 2023.
  30. Web site: نوسازی واحدهای زلزله زده خوی تا پایان خرداد ۱۴۰۲. iribnews.ir. fa. 30 April 2023.
  31. Web site: ۹۲۵۰ واحد مسکونی در زلزله خوی خسارت دیدند. Young Journalists Club. fa. 30 January 2023.
  32. Web site: بیش از ۱۶ هزار واحد آسیب دیده در زلزله خوی نیاز به مقاوم سازی دارند/ دانشجویان غیر بومی دانشگاه خوی تعیین تکلیفشناسایی ۳۰ هزار واحد مسکونی آسیب دیده در خوی برای بازسازی. fa. 30 April 2023. qudsonline.ir. March 2023 .
  33. Web site: بیش از ۱۶ هزار واحد آسیب دیده در زلزله خوی نیاز به مقاوم سازی دارند/ دانشجویان غیر بومی دانشگاه خوی تعیین تکلیف شوند. fa. 29 January 2023. ilna.ir.
  34. News: آخرین اخبار از زلزله ۵.9 ریشتری خوی؛ 3 کشته و ۸۱۶ مصدوم/ آسیب ۲۰ تا ۵۰ درصدی به منازل ۷۰ روستا . The latest news about the 5.9-magnitude Khoi earthquake; 3 dead and 816 injured/ 20 to 50% damage to houses in 70 villages . 29 January 2023 . Fars News Agency . 29 January 2023 . fa.
  35. Web site: معاون وزیر آموزش و پرورش: 88 مدرسه در زلزله خوی آسیب جدی دید/ 873 فضای آموزشی تحت تاثیر زلزله قرار گرفت. January 29, 2023. rokna.net. fa.
  36. Web site: مصدومیت ۲۰ نفر در زلزله دیروز خوی. Tabnak. 17 March 2023. 17 March 2023. fa.
  37. Web site: آخرین جزئیات زلزله خوی/ تعداد مصدومان زمین لرزه به 165 نفر رسید/ خسارت به ۸۰ واحد مسکونی. Khabarban. fa. 24 March 2023. 24 March 2023.
  38. Web site: آخرین وضعیت مصدومان زلزله خوی/مراجعه 82 نفر به مراکز درمانی. Fars News. fa. 23 March 2023. 23 March 2023.
  39. Web site: وقوع زلزله ۵.۶ ریشتری در خوی/ فرماندار: خسارت زلزله جزیی است. Jamaran News. fa. 23 March 2023. 23 March 2023.

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