2022–23 South Pacific cyclone season explained

Basin:SPac
Year:2022
Track:2022-2023 South Pacific cyclone season summary.png
First Storm Formed:December 10, 2022
Last Storm Dissipated:April 18, 2023
Strongest Storm Name:Kevin
Strongest Storm Pressure:913
Strongest Storm Winds:125
Average Wind Speed:10
Total Disturbances:13 official, 1 unofficial
Total Depressions:7 official, 1 unofficial
Total Hurricanes:4 official, 1 unofficial
Total Intense:3
Fatalities:17 total
Damages:9600
Damagespost:Costliest South Pacific cyclone season recorded
Five Seasons:2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24, 2024–25
Australian Season:2022–23 Australian region cyclone season
South Indian Season:2022–23 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

The 2022–23 South Pacific cyclone season was a below-average but very destructive tropical cyclone season that featured one of the costliest tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere on record. The season officially started on November 1, 2022, and ended April 30, 2023; however, a tropical cyclone could form at any time between July 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023, and would count towards the season total. During the season, tropical cyclones were officially monitored by the Fiji Meteorological Service, Australian Bureau of Meteorology and New Zealand's MetService. The United States Armed Forces through the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) also monitored the basin, issuing unofficial warnings for American interests. The FMS attaches a number and an F suffix to tropical disturbances that form in or move into the basin while the JTWC designates significant tropical cyclones with a number and a P suffix. The BoM, FMS and MetService all use the Australian Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale and estimate windspeeds with a period of approximately ten minutes, while the JTWC estimates sustained winds over a 1-minute period, which are subsequently compared to the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS).__TOC__

Seasonal forecasts

Source/RecordRegionTropical
Cyclones		Severe
Tropical
Cyclones		Refs
Records
Average (1969–70 - 2021–22): 160°E – 120°W 7 3 [1]
Record high: 160°E – 120°W 1997–98

16

1982–83

10

[2]
Record low: 160°E – 120°W 1990–91

  2

2008–09

  0

Predictions
CWCL July 135°E – 120°W 6–9 [3]
CWCL August 135°E – 120°W 6–9 [4]
CWCL September 135°E – 120°W 7–10 [5]
CWCL October 135°E – 120°W 6–10 [6]
NIWA October 135°E – 120°W 6–10 3–4 [7]
FMS Whole 160°E – 120°W 5–7 1–4
FMS Western 160°E – 180° 3–6 1–3
FMS Eastern 180°   – 120°W 2–4 1–2

Ahead of the season officially starting on November 1, the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) and the University of Newcastle's Australian Centre for Water, Climate and Land (ACWCL), each issued a tropical cyclone outlook that discussed the upcoming season.[1] [3] [7] [8] These outlooks took into account a variety of factors such as a persistent La Niña event and what had happened in previous seasons such as 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1984–85, 2000–01, 2008–09, 2011–12 and 2017–18.[1] [7]

The first three of these outlooks were issued in July, August and September by the ACWCL, suggesting that it would be a near-normal season, with six to nine tropical cyclones occurring between 135°E and 120°W during the season.[3] [4] [5] During October 2022, the ACWCL joined NIWA, BoM, MetService and various Pacific meteorological services with contributing towards the Southwest Pacific tropical cyclone outlook.[7] This outlook suggested that between six and ten named tropical cyclones would occur between 135°E and 120°W, while three to four of these tropical cyclones were expected to intensify into either a Category 3, 4 or 5 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[7]

In addition to contributing towards the Southwest Pacific tropical cyclone outlook, the FMS and the BoM issued their own seasonal forecasts for the South Pacific region.[8] [1] The BoM predicted that their self-defined western region had a 65% chance of seeing activity above its average of 4 tropical cyclones, while its self-defined eastern region had a 43% chance of seeing more than 6 tropical cyclones.[8] Within their outlook the FMS predicted that between five and seven tropical cyclones would occur within the basin compared to an average of around 7.[1] One these tropical cyclones was expected to intensify further and become either a Category 3, 4 or 5 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale.[1] The FMS also predicted that the majority of systems would occur to the west of the International Dateline, with 3–6 tropical cyclones expected to occur between 160°E and 180° while 2–4 were expected to occur between 180° and 120°W.[1]

Seasonal summary

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Systems

Tropical Disturbance 01F

Basin:SPac
Track:01F 2022 track.png
Formed:December 10
Dissipated:December 12
Type1:disturbance
10-Min Winds:25
Pressure:1005

On December 10, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 01F had developed, within an area of low vertical windshear near Fiji's southern Lau Islands.[9] Moving southward under a moderate sheared environment with warm sea surface temperatures,[10] [11] 01F intensified into a tropical depression late on December 11, before being steered into a highly sheared environment due to an upper ridge to its north and an approaching upper trough from its west.[12]

Tropical Disturbance 02F

Basin:SPac
Track:02F 2022 track.png
Formed:December 29
Dissipated:December 31
Type1:disturbance
Type2:subtropical
10-Min Winds:25
1-Min Winds:35
Pressure:999

Late on December 29, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 02F had developed to the south of Vanuatu.[13] [14] The JTWC gave it a low chance for development due to the system having a fully obscured LLC and in a favorable environment of low wind shear, good poleward outflow and warm sea surface temperatures.[15] At 3:00 UTC on December 30, the JTWC announced that the system had transitioned into a subtropical cyclone; however, the agency gave the system a low chance to develop into tropical cyclone due to persistent unfavorable environment.[16] The system then moved into TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility on the next day,[17] where it was reclassified as a non-tropical low.[18]

Tropical Disturbance 03F

Basin:SPac
Track:03F 2023 track.png
Formed:January 5
Dissipated:January 7
Type1:disturbance
10-Min Winds:25
1-Min Winds:35
Pressure:1000

Late on January 5, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 03F had formed near New Caledonia.[19] The system generally moved southeast before the FMS ceased advisories on the system, on January 7.[20] However, on January 8, the JTWC gave the system's chance for development, although in favorable environment, as low since it was in close proximity with Hale.[21] But upon reanalysis, convection re-fired, and an eye feature was visible,[21] although the JTWC later reported that the system had dissipated the following day.[22]

Tropical Depression Hale

Basin:SPac
Track:Hale 2023 track.png
Formed:January 7 (Entered basin)
Dissipated:January 8
10-Min Winds:30
1-Min Winds:45
Pressure:994

On January 7, Tropical Low 07U crossed into the basin from the Australian region, where it was reclassified as Tropical Depression 04F by the FMS.[23] Later that day, the storm would feel the effects of moderate wind shear, with its convective structure splitting into two different regions,[24] before it started to weaken as shear increased and its low-level center became elongated.[25] The FMS issued their last advisory on Hale by the next day as it moved east-southeast towards the TCWC Wellington's area of responsibility,[26] where they reclassified it as an extratropical low six hours later.[27] The JTWC subsequently discontinued warnings on the system three hours later.[28]

In preparation for Hale, MetService issued heavy rain and wind warnings for many parts of New Zealand.[29] A state of emergency was later declared in the northeastern part of New Zealand as it approached the country.[30] Hale caused widespread flooding and slips in northern and eastern parts of the country on January 10 and 11, particularly in the Coromandel and Gisborne areas.[31] Washed away forestry slash clogged many rivers in the Gisborne region, exacerbating the flooding and accumulating around bridges downstream.[32] Several metres of foreshore was eroded away by the storm surge in Whitianga, threatening waterfront buildings such as the Mercury Bay Boating Club.[33] A child was killed on Waikanae Beach on January 25, two weeks after Hale impacted the country, after falling while playing on forestry slash debris left behind by the cyclone.[34]

In real-time, the FMS assessed Hale peaking as a Category 1 tropical cyclone, however in their seasonal summary, the FMS would downgrade Hale to a tropical depression.[35]

Tropical Cyclone Irene

Basin:SPac
Track:Irene 2023 track.png
Formed:January 14
Dissipated:January 19 
(Out of basin on 16–17 January)
10-Min Winds:55
1-Min Winds:50
Pressure:980

By early January 13, the FMS noted that a low pressure system was expected to develop to the west of Vanuatu in the next 5 days, and gave it a moderate chance of development.[36] However, the low formed in the Australian region late on the same day,[37] and by January 14, it organized into a tropical disturbance, with the FMS designating it as 05F.[38] [39] 05F briefly entered the basin by the next day,[40] before subsequently moving back to the Australian region late by the same day.[41]

By January 17, 05F moved back into the South Pacific basin, where it was upgraded to a tropical depression by the FMS.[42] At 03:00 UTC on January 18, the JTWC's began issuing warnings on the system, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone 09P.[43] The FMS subsequently followed suit, upgrading the system into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale and naming it Irene.[44] At that time, satellite imagery showed Irene was quickly developing a central dense overcast (CDO).[45] Under a favorable environment of warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and strong poleward outflow,[46] Irene intensified into a Category 2 tropical cyclone late on the same day.[47] However, as it moved over Tanna Island in Vanuatu, its weakly-defined and elongated low-level circulation center quickly became exposed due to the wind shear,[48] prompting the JTWC to issue its final warning on Irene and reclassify the system as a subtropical cyclone by January 19.[49] The FMS subsequently downgraded Irene into a Category 1 tropical cyclone,[50] and continued to issue warnings as it weakened while moving east-southeast, before declaring the system an extratropical cyclone late on the same day.[51] Irene was last noted the next day.[52]

A heavy rain alert was issued for some parts of Fiji and the public was advised to be on high alert.[53] Similar warnings were also issued to Vanuatu. On January 19, Irene caused flooding and power cuts in Port Villa.[54]

Tropical Depression 06F

Basin:SPac
Track:06F 2023 track.png
Formed:January 20 (Entered basin)
Dissipated:January 22
10-Min Winds:30
1-Min Winds:35
Pressure:996

See also: 2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods. On January 20, a tropical low entered the basin from the Australian region, where it was immediately designated as Tropical Depression 06F by the FMS.[55] Later that day, the JTWC would recognize the system as a tropical cyclone, designating it as Tropical Cyclone 10P, although the system was becoming exposed due to a dry air infiltration.[56] With the system becoming fully exposed due to increasing wind shear and large amounts of dry air, the JTWC would issue their final advisory on 06F the next day.[57] The FMS continued to issue advisories on 06F as it continued east-southeast,[58] before it turned south-southwest and degenerated into a low pressure area on January 22.[59] The remnants of the system impacted New Zealand on January 27, causing severe flooding which killed 4 people and resulted in US$1.2 billion in damages.[60]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle

Basin:SPac
Track:Gabrielle 2023 path.png
Formed:February 10 (Entered basin)
Dissipated:February 11
10-Min Winds:80
1-Min Winds:90
Pressure:958

On February 10, Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle moved into the basin from the Australian region, as a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale.[61] [62] Gabrielle began to experience an increase in northwesterly vertical wind shear, the JTWC downgraded it to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone.[63] Later that day, Gabrielle moved into MetService's area of responsibility.[64] By 21:00 UTC, the low-level circulation became fully exposed on the central convection, the JTWC discontinued warnings on the system.[65] Later the next day, Gabrielle was downgraded to a Category 2 tropical cyclone by the MetService.[66] Gabrielle subsequently passed directly over Norfolk Island.[67] [68] The BoM and MetService reported that Gabrielle had transitoned into a deep subtropical low later that day.[69] The JTWC classified it as a subtropical storm.[70]

Weather warnings were issued across Norfolk Island and New Zealand,[71] with multiple states of emergency being declared in New Zealand as the cyclone impacted the country.[72] Heavy rain and strong winds led to widespread power outages and flooding across the upper North Island, with a national state of emergency being declared on February 14.[73] Two people were killed in Muriwai, while eight others were killed in Hawke's Bay, and one person killed in Gisborne.[74] New Zealand declared a national state of emergency for the third time in its history on February 14 as Cyclone Gabrielle caused widespread flooding, landslides and huge ocean swells.[75]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Judy

Basin:SPac
Track:Judy 2023 path.png
Formed:February 23
Dissipated:March 4
10-Min Winds:100
1-Min Winds:105
Pressure:940

On February 22, the FMS reported that a low-pressure system was located just south of Samoa, and gave it a low chance of formation into a tropical cyclone in the next 5 days.[76] Under a moderate sheared environment and warm sea surface temperatures, the system organized into a tropical disturbance late on the next day, with the FMS designating it as 08F.[77] The disturbance steered southwest from a subtropical ridge on February 26 after upgrading to a tropical depression.[78] During February 26, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system.[79] The system was upgraded to a Category 1 tropical cyclone and attained the name Judy from the FMS after improved organization the same day.[80] The JTWC also upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone on February 27, initiating advisories on it as Tropical Cyclone 15P.[81] Judy further developed due to high sea surface temperatures of 30C, leading to the FMS to upgrade its status to Category 2 tropical cyclone the same day,[82] before upgrading further to a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on February 28.[83] Judy eventually became a Category 4 on the Australian scale and Category 3 on the SSHWS.[84] [85] The system began to weaken as it headed southeastward, entering the area of responsibility of the MetService.[86] The JTWC issued their last warning on the system on March 3 as it transitioned to a subtropical cyclone.[87] At the same time, the MetService had downgraded the system to Category 2 tropical cyclone status.[88] It later became an extratropical cyclone by the next day.[89]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Kevin

Basin:SPac
Track:Kevin 2023 path.png
Formed:March 1 (Entered basin)
Dissipated:March 6
10-Min Winds:125
1-Min Winds:140
Pressure:913

Tropical Low 18U entered the basin on March 1 where it became designated as Tropical Depression 09F by the FMS.[90] The JTWC classified it as a Tropical Storm, initiating advisories as Tropical Cyclone 16P.[91] The system was assigned the name Kevin by the FMS as it strengthened into a Category 1 tropical cyclone on the Australian scale.[92] It later intensified to a Category 2 as it headed southeastward.[93] On March 3, it became a Category 3 severe tropical cyclone on the Australian scale and a Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone on the SSHWS.[94] [95] It rapidly intensified to a Category 5 tropical cyclone on both the Australian scale and the SSHWS on March 4.[96] [97] It began to steadily weaken as it headed southeastward, entering the area of responsibility of the MetService.[98] It eventually became extratropical on March 6.[99]

A heavy rain alert was issued for the Northern parts of Lautoka and Ba area, interior of Ba and Nadroga-Navosa, Sigatoka, and Kadavu.[100]

Tropical Depression 10F

Basin:SPac
Track:10F 2023 path.png
Formed:March 8
Dissipated:March 13
10-Min Winds:30
Pressure:1006

Late on March 8, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 10F formed near Niue, and gave the system a low chance for development.[101] The JTWC began tracking the disturbance by the next day, and also gave it a low chance of formation.[102] Under an environment of warm sea surface temperatures, low to moderate wind shear, and excellent upper-level outflow, the system rapidly developed, prompting the JTWC to issue a TCFA late on the same day.[103] By the next day, the FMS upgraded its formation chance to moderate.[104] However, the system's low-level circulation became elongated and weakly-defined, with its convection being sheared to the east, prompting the JTWC to cancel its TCFA late on March 11.[105] The FMS continued to track 10F until it was last noted two days later, to the southwest of Papeete, French Polynesia.[106]

Tropical Depression 11F

Basin:SPac
Track:11F 2023 path.png
Formed:March 11
Dissipated:March 23
10-Min Winds:30
Pressure:1006

On March 11, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 11F had developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and moderate upper divergence, to the west of Tonga.[107] The agency gave the system a moderate chance to develop further.[108] The JTWC, meanwhile, had issued a TCFA on March 13.[109] However, a day later the agency canceled the TCFA, due to the system entering unfavorable environment.[110] Under high vertical wind shear, the JTWC canceled the TCFA again and redowngraded its chance of the system becoming a cyclone to low.[111]

Tropical Disturbance 12F

Basin:SPac
Track:12F 2023 path.png
Formed:March 11
Dissipated:March 21
Type1:disturbance
10-Min Winds:25
Pressure:1005

Late on March 11, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 12F had developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures, low wind shear and good upper divergence, to the northeast of Vanuatu.[112]

Tropical Disturbance 13F

Basin:SPac
Track:13F 2023 path.png
Formed:April 15
Dissipated:April 18
Type1:disturbance
10-Min Winds:25
Pressure:999

On April 15, the FMS reported that Tropical Disturbance 13F had developed about 630round=5NaNround=5 to the northwest of Port Vila in Vanuatu.[113] The disturbance was monitored as Invest 99P by the JTWC.[114] The system was poorly organized and showed no signs of intensification.[115] The JTWC later reported that the system transitioned into a subtropical depression as it headed into unfavorable conditions.[116] The disturbance was last noted on April 18.[117]

Other system

See main article: Cyclone Yaku. On March 7, SENAMHI reported an "unorganized tropical cyclone".[118] SENAMHI researchers were able to identify the formation of the cyclone at the end of February, and also stated that the unusual phenomenon would remain in the Peruvian sea but would not affect any cities on the Peruvian and Ecuadorian coasts. They also reported that moderate to heavy rainfall would develop on the northern coast and highlands of Peru from March 9 to March 11.[119] and that the cyclone would not become a hurricane.[120] The system was named "Cyclone Yaku", with the word "Yaku" coming from the Quechuan translation of "water".[121]

On March 10, the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (INAMHI) in Ecuador reported that Yaku was moving away from Ecuador and would no longer have a direct impact on the country.[122] In Peru, it was predicted that precipitation from the event would last through mid-March while precipitation from warm sea temperatures would occur into April.

Storm names

See also: Lists of tropical cyclone names. Within the Southern Pacific, a tropical depression is judged to have reached tropical cyclone intensity should it reach winds of 35kn and it is evident that gales are occurring at least halfway around the center. With tropical depressions intensifying into a tropical cyclone between the Equator and 25°S and between 160°E – 120°W named by the FMS. However should a tropical depression intensify to the south of 25°S between 160°E and 120°W it will be named in conjunction with the FMS by MetService. Should a tropical cyclone move out of the basin and into the Australian region it will retain its original name.

The names that were used for 2022–23 season are listed below:

  • Hale
  • Irene

If a tropical cyclone enters the South Pacific basin from the Australian region basin (west of 160°E), it will retain the name assigned to it by the BoM. The following storms were named in this manner:[123]

Retirement

After the season, the names Judy and Kevin were retired due to the damages they caused, and were replaced with Josese and Kirio. Though not being named in the basin, Gabrielle was also retired from the Australian region lists, and replaced with Gemm.

Season effects

This table lists all the storms that developed in the South Pacific to the east of longitude 160°E during the 2022–23 season. It includes their intensity on the Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale, duration, name, landfalls, deaths, and damages. All data is taken from RSMC Nadi and/or TCWC Wellington, and all of the damage figures are in 2022 or 2023 USD.|-

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2022/23 Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre Nadi: Tropical Cyclone Seasonal Outlook. Fiji Meteorological Service . November 19, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211013000409/https://www.met.gov.fj/img/climate/TC_Seasonal_Outlook_2021-22_%20Detailed%20report.pdf. October 13, 2021 . October 13, 2021 . live.
  2. Fiji Meteorological Service . Tropical Cyclone Guidance for Season 2010/11 for the Fiji and the Southwest Pacific . Climate Services Division . October 26, 2010 . May 19, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240519224155/http://www.pacificdisaster.net/doc/FMS_2010_TC_Guide2010_2011.pdf . live . May 19, 2024.
  3. Web site: July 2022 Long-Range Outlook for the 2022/23 Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season. July 22, 2022. Australian Centre for Water, Climate and Land. November 19, 2022. November 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119221549/https://tcoutlook.com/swpacific/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/07/20220822_TCOSP_July2022_FINAL.pdf. live. Magee, Andrew.
  4. Web site: August 2022 Long-Range Outlook for the 2022/23 Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season. August 24, 2022. Australian Centre for Water, Climate and Land. November 19, 2022. November 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119223346/https://tcoutlook.com/swpacific/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/08/20220824_TCOSP_August2022_FINAL.pdf. live. Magee, Andrew.
  5. Web site: September 2022 Long-Range Outlook for the 2022/23 Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season. September 26, 2022. Australian Centre for Water, Climate and Land. October 20, 2023. October 20, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231020230101/https://tcoutlook.com/swpacific/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/09/20220926_TCOSP_September2022_FINAL.pdf. live. Magee, Andrew.
  6. Web site: October 2022 Long-Range Outlook for the 2022/23 Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season. October 19, 2022. Australian Centre for Water, Climate and Land. November 19, 2022. November 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119224904/https://tcoutlook.com/swpacific/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/10/20221019_TCOSP_October2022_Final.pdf. live. Magee, Andrew.
  7. Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Outlook – October 2022. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research . October 12, 2022 . November 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221101013052/https://niwa.co.nz/climate/southwest-pacific-tropical-cyclone-outlook/southwest-pacific-tropical-cyclone-outlook-october-2022. November 1, 2022.
  8. South Pacific tropical cyclone season forecast for 2022 to 2023. October 12, 2022. live. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. October 12, 2023. November 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221119231806/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cyclones/south-pacific/archive/20221012.archive.shtml.
  9. Tropical Disturbance Summary December 10, 2022 00z. December 10, 2022. December 10, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 10, 2022. https://archive.today/20221210055514/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  10. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. December 11, 2022. December 11, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 11, 2022. https://archive.today/20221211112741/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  11. Gale Warning 001. December 11, 2022. December 12, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 12, 2022. https://archive.today/20221212084701/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Other/20221211/180000/A_WOPS01NFFN111800CCA_C_RJTD_20221211194916_8.txt.
  12. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. December 11, 2022. December 11, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 11, 2022. https://archive.today/20221211234205/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  13. Gale Warning 009. December 29, 2022. December 30, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 30, 2022. https://archive.today/20221230003803/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Other/20221229/180000/A_WOPS01NFFN291800AAA_C_RJTD_20221229190217_41.txt.
  14. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. December 29, 2022. December 30, 2022. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 30, 2022. https://archive.today/20221230002606/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  15. Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans Reissued. December 30, 2022. December 30, 2022. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 30, 2022. https://archive.today/20221230170609/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt.
  16. Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. December 31, 2022. December 31, 2022. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216045317/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. bot: unknown.
  17. Gale Warning 016. December 31, 2022. January 1, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. December 31, 2022. https://archive.today/20221231141758/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wo/wops01.nffn..txt.
  18. Gale Warning for Subtropic 001. December 31, 2022. January 1, 2023. New Zealand Meteorological Service. January 1, 2023. https://archive.today/20230101004011/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwnz40.nzkl..txt.
  19. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 5, 2023. January 6, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 6, 2023. https://archive.today/20230106071540/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230105/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN052100_C_RJTD_20230105233417_40.txt.
  20. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 7, 2023. January 7, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 7, 2023. https://archive.today/20230107233420/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  21. Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. January 8, 2023. January 8, 2023. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. February 16, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216045317/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. bot: unknown.
  22. Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans. January 9, 2023. February 26, 2023. Joint Typhoon Warning Center. February 25, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230225221816/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. bot: unknown.
  23. Tropical Depression 04F Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A1. January 7, 2023. January 7, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 7, 2023. https://archive.today/20230107203502/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230107/150000/A_WTPS11NFFN071500_C_RJTD_20230107162918_83.txt.
  24. January 7, 2023. prog. TC. 07P. Seven. 5. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230107220007/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdps31.pgtw..txt. live. January 7, 2023. January 8, 2023.
  25. January 8, 2023. prog. TC. 07P. Seven. 6. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230108024233/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdps31.pgtw..txt. live. January 8, 2023. January 8, 2023.
  26. Tropical Cyclone Hale Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4. January 8, 2023. January 8, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 8, 2023. https://archive.today/20230108022439/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtps11.nffn..txt.
  27. Gale Warning for Subtropic 070 . December 31, 2022 . . https://archive.today/20230108071738/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230108/062200/A_WWNZ40NZKL080622_C_RJTD_20230108062417_74.txt . January 8, 2023 . January 8, 2023.
  28. January 8, 2023. warn. TC. 07P. Hale. 7. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108085302/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. live. January 8, 2023. January 8, 2023.
  29. News: 8 January 2023. Flood, power outage warnings for Coromandel ahead of Cyclone Hale. 8 January 2023. The New Zealand Herald. January 8, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230108155622/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/flood-power-outage-warnings-for-coromandel-ahead-of-cyclone-hale/RLFCFHHSWFA3PIY2FXA3H4ZGHU/. live.
  30. News: 10 January 2023. Northeastern New Zealand braces for cyclone Hale, emergency declared. 12 January 2023. Reuters. January 12, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230112153301/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/northeastern-new-zealand-braces-cyclone-hale-emergency-declared-2023-01-10/. live.
  31. News: McCallum. Hanna. Knell. Conor. January 11, 2023. Cyclone Hale moves on, but relief may only be temporary. January 11, 2023. Stuff. January 11, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230111160835/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/weather-news/130953555/cyclone-hale-moves-on-but-relief-may-only-be-temporary. live.
  32. Web site: No need for inquiry into forestry practices following Cyclone Hale, minister says . 2023-01-17 . NZ Herald . en-NZ . January 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117063706/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/the-country/news/no-need-for-inquiry-into-forestry-practices-following-cyclone-hale-minister-says/J6S5Q3OJUNHVXNKF3DYD7LVP54/ . live .
  33. Web site: Storm surge erosion threatens Coromandel boating club . 2023-01-17 . NZ Herald . en-NZ . January 17, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117064052/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/weather-cyclone-hale-coromandel-boating-club-could-lose-its-building-due-to-erosion/PBUKENDHKRG6JAG5AHB2LGYTVA/ . live .
  34. Web site: Dunseath. Finlay. Schwanecke. Gianina. Fuller. Piers . 2023-01-26 . Gisborne council meets over safety at slash- covered beach after death of child . 2023-01-26 . Stuff . en.
  35. Tropical Cyclone Season Summary 2022/23. Fiji Meteorological Service. October 24, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231025192612/https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/tc_report/TC_Seasonal_Sumary_2023_F.pdf. October 25, 2023. December 11, 2023. live.
  36. Tropical Cyclone 5-Day Outlook for area Equator to 25S and 160E to 120W. January 13, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 14, 2023. January 14, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230114233915/https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/3DayOutLook/Outlook%202023.01.13%2016.40.00.pdf. live.
  37. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 13, 2023. January 14, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 14, 2023. https://archive.today/20230114231110/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230113/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN132100_C_RJTD_20230113224217_19.txt.
  38. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 14, 2023. January 14, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 14, 2023. https://archive.today/20230114231316/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230114/060000/A_WWPS21NFFN140600_C_RJTD_20230114063217_95.txt.
  39. Waibuta. Sakeasi R.. Tropical Cyclone Irene. Tropical Cyclone Report. Fiji Meteorological Service. Nadi, Fiji. August 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231025192449/https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/tc_report/TC_Irene_Publication.pdf. October 25, 2023. live. November 5, 2023.
  40. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 15, 2023. January 16, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230116084218/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230115/060000/A_WWPS21NFFN150600_C_RJTD_20230115082818_97.txt.
  41. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W. January 15, 2023. January 16, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230116084536/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230115/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN152100_C_RJTD_20230115230717_57.txt.
  42. Tropical Depression 05F Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A1. January 8, 2023. January 17, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 17, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230117233435/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtps11.nffn..txt.
  43. January 18, 2023. warn. TC. 09P. Nine. 1. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://web.archive.org/web/20230107012708/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. live. 2023-01-07. January 8, 2023. Alt URL
  44. Tropical Cyclone Irene Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A2. January 18, 2023. January 18, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 18, 2023. https://archive.today/20230118081835/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtps11.nffn..txt.
  45. January 18, 2023. prog. TC. 09P. Irene. 2. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230120144934/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-01-18-0810-sh0923prog.txt. live. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023.
  46. January 18, 2023. prog. TC. 09P. Irene. 3. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230120145126/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-01-18-1440-sh0923prog.txt. live. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023.
  47. Tropical Cyclone Irene Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4. January 18, 2023. January 20, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 20, 2023. https://archive.today/20230120132848/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230118/180000/A_WTPS11NFFN181800_C_RJTD_20230118193917_47.txt.
  48. January 19, 2023. prog. TC. 09P. Irene. 5. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230120145520/https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-01-19-0300-sh0923prog.txt. live. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023.
  49. January 19, 2023. warn. TC. 09P. Irene. 6. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0723web.txt. https://archive.today/20230120144417/https://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/atcf_web/docs/warnings/2023/sh092023.2301190.wrn. live. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023.
  50. Tropical Cyclone Irene Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A6. January 19, 2023. January 20, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 20, 2023. https://archive.today/20230120133412/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230119/060000/A_WTPS11NFFN190600_C_RJTD_20230119071316_11.txt.
  51. Ex-Tropical Cyclone Irene Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A8. January 19, 2023. January 20, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 20, 2023. https://archive.today/20230120141436/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230119/180000/A_WTPS11NFFN191800_C_RJTD_20230119192746_99.txt.
  52. Marine Weather Bulletin for Subtropic issued at 201821UTC. January 20, 2023. January 21, 2023. New Zealand Meteorological Service. January 21, 2023. https://archive.today/20230121213538/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Forecast/Other_shipping/20230120/182100/A_FQPS43NZKL201821_C_RJTD_20230120182420_1.txt.
  53. Web site: Fijivillage . Stay alert as heavy rain, flooding and strong winds expected – NDMO and Fiji Met . 2023-01-18 . www.fijivillage.com . en . January 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230118083708/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Stay-alert-as-heavy-rain-flooding-and-strong-winds-expected--NDMO-and-Fiji-Met-8rxf54/ . live .
  54. Web site: 2023-01-18 . Flooding, power cuts in Vanuatu capital as Cyclone Irene hits . 2023-01-19 . RNZ . en-nz.
  55. Tropical Depression 06F Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number B1. January 20, 2023. January 20, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 20, 2023. https://archive.today/20230120142142/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230120/090000/A_WTPS11NFFN200900_C_RJTD_20230120094333_46.txt.
  56. 20 January 2023. prog. tc. 1. 10P. Ten. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1023web.txt. https://archive.today/20230120233545/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wd/wdps31.pgtw..txt. January 20, 2023.
  57. 21 January 2023. warn.
  58. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Jan 210828 UTC. January 21, 2023. January 23, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 21, 2023. https://archive.today/20230121211948/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  59. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Jan 220630 UTC. January 22, 2023. January 23, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. January 23, 2023. https://archive.today/20230123012225/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  60. Web site: 3 Dead, 1 Missing As Rain Pounds New Zealand's Largest City. Perry. Nick. 2023-01-27. January 27, 2023. January 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230128041310/https://www.ottumwacourier.com/news/national_news/3-dead-1-missing-as-rain-pounds-new-zealands-largest-city/article_04e3af9f-a758-5caf-8b62-fb7d9bc530e8.html. dead.
  61. Web site: February 10, 2023. Hurricane Warning 05 for Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle. dead. https://archive.today/20230210081030/https://www.met.gov.fj/index.php?page=warn1%2320008.txt. February 10, 2023. February 10, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service.
  62. Web site: Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Eastern Region). February 10, 2023. February 10, 2023. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. February 10, 2023. https://archive.today/20230210082119/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ax/axau21.abrf..txt.
  63. 10 February 2023. prog. TC. 12P. 11. Gabrielle. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1223prog.txt. live. February 10, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230210142150/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1223prog.txt.
  64. Web site: February 10, 2023 . Tropical Cyclone Bulletin for Severe Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle . dead . https://archive.today/20230210135904/https://www.metservice.com/warnings/tropical-cyclone-activity . February 10, 2023 . February 10, 2023 . MetService.
  65. 10 February 2023. warn. TC. 12P. 12. Gabrielle. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1223prog.txt. live. 2023-02-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20230208034049/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1223prog.txt. Alt URL
  66. Web site: February 10, 2023 . Tropical Cyclone Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle . dead . https://archive.today/20230211042729/https://www.metservice.com/warnings/tropical-cyclone-activity . February 11, 2023 . February 11, 2023 . MetService.
  67. Web site: 11 February 2023 . Latest Weather Observations for Norfolk Island . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230211235208/http://www.bom.gov.au/products/IDN60801/IDN60801.94996.shtml . February 11, 2023 . 11 February 2023 . Bureau of Meteorology.
  68. Web site: February 11, 2023 . Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin (Eastern Region) . https://archive.today/20230212001118/http://www.bom.gov.au/cgi-bin/wrap_fwo.pl?IDQ20018.txt . February 12, 2023 . February 11, 2023 . Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
  69. Web site: February 10, 2023 . Tropical Cyclone Bulletin for Tropical Cyclone Gabrielle . dead . https://archive.today/20230211232821/https://www.metservice.com/warnings/tropical-cyclone-activity . February 11, 2023 . February 11, 2023 . MetService.
  70. Web site: Current Significant Tropical Weather Advisories ABPW10 (Western/South Pacific Ocean) Issued at 14/0600Z. JTWC. https://web.archive.org/web/20230216045317/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. February 16, 2023. 14 February 2023. 14 February 2023. en. bot: unknown.
  71. Web site: Watch: Power goes down on Norfolk Island as Cyclone Gabrielle tracks towards NZ . 2023-02-13 . NZ Herald . en-NZ.
  72. Web site: 2023-02-13 . Cyclone Gabrielle live: Fears tower may collapse in storm spark evacuation call . 2023-02-13 . Stuff . en.
  73. Web site: 2023-02-13 . Live: State of national emergency declared as Cyclone Gabrielle smashes NZ . 2023-02-13 . Stuff . en.
  74. News: Blair . Ensor . Nadine . Porter . James . Halpin . 17 February 2023 . Cyclone Gabrielle: What we know about the 11 people who've died . Stuff . 21 February 2023 . 20 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230220223212/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/weather-news/131242927/cyclone-gabrielle-what-we-know-about-the-11-people-whove-died . live .
  75. News: Craymer . Lucy . Feast . Lincoln . 2023-02-15 . New Zealand declares national emergency as Cyclone Gabrielle wreaks havoc . en . Reuters . 2023-02-15.
  76. Tropical Cyclone 5-Day Outlook for area Equator to 25S and 160E to 120W. February 22, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 23, 2023. February 24, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230224005631/https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/3DayOutLook/Outlook%202023.02.22%2015.17.15.pdf. live.
  77. Tropical Depression Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E, to 120W issued at Feb 232340 UTC. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 23, 2023. February 23, 2023. February 24, 2023. https://archive.today/20230224004132/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/ww/wwps21.nffn..txt.
  78. Tropical Depression 08F Advisory Number B3. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 26, 2023. February 26, 2023. February 26, 2023. https://archive.today/20230226163244/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtps11.nffn..txt.
  79. February 26, 2023. tcfa. 94P. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9223web.txt. live. 2022-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20221005192737/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9223web.txt. Alt URL
  80. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A3. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 26, 2023. February 27, 2023. February 26, 2023. https://archive.today/20230227022402/https://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/data/raw/wt/wtps11.nffn..txt.
  81. February 27, 2023. warn. TC. 15P. Fifteen. 1. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1523web.txt. live. 2023-02-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20230227152832/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1523web.txt. Alt URL
  82. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A6. February 27, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 28, 2023. February 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228164732/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230227/180000/A_WTPS11NFFN271800_C_RJTD_20230227200218_1.txt.
  83. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A8. February 28, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. February 28, 2023. February 28, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230228164830/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230228/120000/A_WTPS11NFFN281200_C_RJTD_20230228134718_24.txt.
  84. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A11. March 1, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 1, 2023. March 1, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301133430/http://tropicalcyclonedata.net/adv/arch/wtps11_010000.txt.
  85. March 1, 2023. prog. TC. 15P. Judy. 10. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1523web.txt. live. 2023-02-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20230227152832/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1523web.txt. Alt URL
  86. Hurricane Warning 027 for Subtropic. March 2, 2023. New Zealand MetService. March 4, 2023. March 15, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304004957/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Marine_Coastal_flood/20230302/185300/A_WHNZ41NZKL021853_C_RJTD_20230302185916_30.txt.
  87. March 3, 2023. warn. TC. 15P. Judy. 18. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1523warn.txt. March 15, 2023. Alt URL
  88. Storm Warning 035 for Subtropic and Pacific. March 3, 2023. New Zealand MetService. March 4, 2023. March 15, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304005252/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230303/062700/A_WTNZ41NZKL030627_C_RJTD_20230303063316_85.txt.
  89. Storm Warning 049 for Subtropic and Pacific. March 4, 2023. New Zealand MetService. March 4, 2023. March 15, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304011828/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230304/010600/A_WWNZ40NZKL040106_C_RJTD_20230304011119_78.txt.
  90. Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 011502 UTC. Fiji Meteorological Service. 1 March 2023. 1 March 2023. 1 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301165151/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230301/150000/A_WWPS21NFFN011500CCA_C_RJTD_20230301160330_18.txt.
  91. March 1, 2023. warn. TC. 16P. Sixteen. 1. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1623web.txt. live. 2023-03-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20230301224035/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1623web.txt. Alt URL
  92. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number B2 issued at Mar 012318 UTC. March 1, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 4, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304024900/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230301/210000/A_WTPS12NFFN012100_C_RJTD_20230301231916_10.txt.
  93. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number B3 issued at Mar 020151 UTC. March 2, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 4, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304025723/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230302/000000/A_WTPS12NFFN020000_C_RJTD_20230302015218_90.txt.
  94. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number B6 issued at Mar 022004 UTC. March 2, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 4, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304030500/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230302/180000/A_WTPS12NFFN021800_C_RJTD_20230302200517_55.txt.
  95. March 2, 2023. prog. TC. 16P. Kevin. 5. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1623prog.txt. March 16, 2023. Alt URL
  96. Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number B11 issued at Mar 040112 UTC. March 4, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 4, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230304032758/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230304/000000/A_WTPS12NFFN040000_C_RJTD_20230304011316_1.txt.
  97. March 4, 2023. prog. TC. 16P. Kevin. 13. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh1623prog.txt. March 16, 2023. Alt URL
  98. Hurricane Warning 065 for Subtropic and Pacific. March 5, 2023. New Zealand MetService. March 11, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230311124756/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Marine_Coastal_flood/20230305/003700/A_WHNZ41NZKL050037_C_RJTD_20230305004416_1.txt.
  99. Gale Warning 083 for Subtropic and Pacific. March 6, 2023. New Zealand MetService. March 11, 2023. March 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230311125526/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NZKL/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230306/001100/A_WWNZ40NZKL060011_C_RJTD_20230306001331_11.txt.
  100. Web site: Fijivillage . More rain, flash flooding and stronger winds Tropical Cyclone Kevin intensifies into a category 2 system . 2023-03-03 . www.fijivillage.com . en.
  101. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 082302 UTC. March 8, 2023. March 12, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 12, 2023. https://archive.today/20230312035726/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230308/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN082100_C_RJTD_20230308230318_92.txt.
  102. March 9, 2023. 1730Z. abpw. 1. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221082438/http://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt. live. 2017-12-21. March 14, 2023. Alt URL
  103. March 9, 2023. tcfa. 99P. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9923web.txt. live. 2023-02-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082128/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9923web.txt. Alt URL
  104. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 102151 UTC. March 10, 2023. March 14, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 12, 2023. https://archive.today/20230312040816/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230310/215200/A_WWPS21NFFN102152_C_RJTD_20230310215217_52.txt.
  105. March 11, 2023. tcfa. 1. 99P. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9923web.txt. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207082128/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9923web.txt. live. 2023-02-07. March 14, 2023. Alt URL
  106. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 131048 UTC. March 13, 2023. March 14, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 14, 2023. https://archive.today/20230314070736/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230313/090000/A_WWPS21NFFN130900CCA_C_RJTD_20230313104917_7.txt.
  107. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 110810 UTC. March 11, 2023. March 12, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 12, 2023. https://archive.today/20230312041501/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230311/060000/A_WWPS21NFFN110600_C_RJTD_20230311081117_44.txt.
  108. https://www.met.gov.fj/aifs_prods/20036.txt
  109. 13 March 2023. tcfa. 91P. https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9123web.txt. live. 2023-01-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20230117173729/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9123web.txt. Alt URL
  110. Web site: Current Southern Hemisphere Tropical Systems Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert WTPS21 Cancelled Issued at 14/0130Z (Invest 91P). https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20230314160345/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9123web.txt. 14 March 2023. 14 March 2023. March 14, 2023. JTWC. en. live.
  111. Web site: Current Southern Hemisphere Tropical Systems Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert WTPS21 Cancelled – Issued at 16/0600Z (Invest 91P). https://web.archive.org/web/20230117175542/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9123web.txt. 16 March 2023. 16 March 2023. January 17, 2023. JTWC. en. bot: unknown.
  112. Tropical Disturbance Summary for area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Mar 112341 UTC. March 12, 2023. March 12, 2023. Fiji Meteorological Service. March 12, 2023. https://archive.today/20230312042252/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230311/230000/A_WWPS21NFFN112300CCA_C_RJTD_20230311234231_27.txt.
  113. Fiji Meteorological Service. Tropical Disturbance Summary April 15, 2023 09z. April 15, 2023. October 25, 2023. April 15, 2023. https://archive.today/20230415142120/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230415/090000/A_WWPS21NFFN150900AAA_C_RJTD_20230415105118_8.txt.
  114. abpw. 12Z. 2023-04-15. 2023-04-16. https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-04-15-1340-abpwweb.txt.
  115. Fiji Meteorological Service. Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Apr 152214 UTC. April 15, 2023. April 16, 2023. April 16, 2023. https://archive.today/20230416143825/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230415/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN152100_C_RJTD_20230415221444_1.txt.
  116. abpw. 00Z. 2023-04-16. 2023-04-16. https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-04-16-0050-abpwweb.txt.
  117. Fiji Meteorological Service. Tropical Disturbance Summary For area Equator to 25S, 160E to 120W issued at Apr 182302 UTC. April 18, 2023. April 19, 2023. April 19, 2023. https://archive.today/20230419232625/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/NFFN/Alphanumeric/Warning/Warnings_and_weather_summary/20230418/210000/A_WWPS21NFFN182100_C_RJTD_20230418230318_86.txt.
  118. Web site: Ciclón Yaku se presenta frente al mar peruano . 2023-03-12 . www.gob.pe . es-pe.
  119. Web site: Sourtech . Yaku: ¿En qué regiones del Perú se está presentando este inusual ciclón? – Exitosa Noticias . 2023-03-12 . www.exitosanoticias.pe . es-PE.
  120. Web site: Ciclón Yaku no se convertirá en huracán: Expertos lo descartan, pero se mantienen alerta . 12 March 2023 . infobae . es-ES.
  121. Web site: Vega . Renzo Gómez . 2023-03-11 . Siete fallecidos y miles de damnificados por Yaku, el ciclón que azota la costa y la sierra peruana . 2023-03-15 . . es.
  122. Web site: 10 March 2023 . Ciclón Yaku dejará de tener incidencia directa en las costas del Ecuador, según Inamhi . 12 March 2023 . El Universo . es.
  123. Tropical cyclone names . . https://web.archive.org/web/20221226050506/http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/tropical-cyclone-knowledge-centre/understanding/tc-names/ . December 26, 2022 . December 26, 2022.

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