2022–23 European windstorm season explained

First Storm Formed:	8 September 2022
Last Storm Dissipated:	27 September 2023
Strongest Storm:	Storm Efrain 955abbr=onNaNabbr=on ^[1]
Strongest Wind Gust:	Storm Otto 225 km/h (140 mph): Cairngorm Summit
Total Storms:	45
Total Fatalities:	6,000+ confirmed, 18,000-20,000+ estimated^[2] ≥10,000 missing (Deadliest European windstorm season on record)
Total Damage:	~€30.000 billion (£25.000 billion)^[3] ^[4] (Costliest European windstorm season on record)
2022–23 European windstorm season

The 2022–23 European windstorm season was the deadliest and costliest European windstorm season on record, mainly because of the impact in Northern Libya of Storm Daniel, which became the deadliest and costliest medicane ever recorded as well as the deadliest tropical or subtropical system worldwide since 2008.^[5]

The 2022–23 season was the eighth instance of the European windstorm naming in Europe, with the season's storm names being announced on 1 September 2022. Storms that occurred up until 31 August 2023 were included in this season, although two systems occurred in September: Storm Daniel was named on 4 September and lasted until 12 September, and Storm Elias existed during the final week of September and overlapped with the first storm of the succeeding season. This was the fourth season where the Netherlands participated, alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the sixth time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (South-western group). This is the second season where Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean group) named storms which affected their areas.

Background and naming

Definitions and naming conventions

See main article: article and Weather system naming in Europe.

There is no universal definition of what constitutes a windstorm in Europe, nor is there a universally accepted system of naming storms. For example, in the Western Group, consisting of the UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands, a storm is named if one of the meteorological agencies in those countries issues an orange warning (amber in the UK), which generally requires a likelihood of widespread sustained wind speeds greater than 65 km/h, or widespread wind gust speeds over 110 km/h. (Required wind speeds vary slightly by agency and by season.) Both the likelihood of impact and the potential severity of the system are considered when naming a storm.^{[6] [7] [8]} The Southwest Group of Spain, Portugal, and France share a similar storm-naming scheme, though their names differ from those used by the Western Group.^[9] In Greece, however, naming criteria were established for storms when the storm's forecasted winds are above 50 km/h over land, with the wind expected to have a significant impact to infrastructures.^[10] In Denmark, a windstorm must have an hourly average windspeed of at least 90 km/h (25 m/s).^[11]

The Meteorology Department of the Free University of Berlin (FUB) names all high and low pressure systems that affect Europe, though they do not assign names to any actual storms.^[12] A windstorm that is associated with one of these pressure systems will at times be recognized by the name assigned to the associated pressure system by the FUB. Named windstorms that have been recognized by a European meteorological agency are described in this article.

Naming conventions used in Europe are generally based on conditions that are forecast, not conditions that have actually occurred, as public awareness and preparedness are often cited as the main purpose of the naming schemes–for example, a reference. Therefore, an assignment of a storm name does not mean that a storm will actually develop.

Western Group (United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands)

In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a project to name storms as part of the "Name our Storms" project for windstorms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service.

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands.^[13] For a windstorm to be named, the United Kingdom's Met Office, Ireland's Met Eireann, and the Netherlands KNMI have to issue an amber weather warning, preferably for wind, but a storm can also be named for amber warnings of rain and snow (e.g. Storm Arwen in 2021).^[14]

Antoni Betty

South-western Group (France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg)

This was the sixth year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal named storms that affected their areas.^[15]

Armand Béatrice Cláudio Denise Efraín Fien Gérard

Hannelore Isaack Juliette Kamiel Larisa Mathis Noa

Oscar Patrícia

Southeastern Mediterranean Group (Greece, Israel and Cyprus)

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Greece, Israel and Cyprus.^[16]

Ariel Barbara Cleon (heatwave) Daniel Elias

Central Mediterranean Group (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta)

The following names were chosen for the 2022–23 season in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta.^[17]

Ana Bogdan Clio Dino Eva Fobos Gaia

Helios Ilina Leon Minerva Nino Olga Petar

Rea

Northern Group (Denmark, Norway and Sweden)

This naming group, like the naming from the Free University of Berlin, does not use a naming list but names storms when it has not received a name by any other meteorological service in Europe and is projected to affect Denmark, Norway or Sweden.

Otto Hans

Central & Southern Group (Germany, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria)

The Free University of Berlin names storms based on low pressures across the continent and does not use a naming list.

Bettina Elke Marion Philomena Regina Poly

Ex-Atlantic Hurricane

One former Atlantic hurricane transitioned into a European windstorm and retained its name as assigned by the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida:

Danielle

Season summary

thumb|EUMETNET groups namings lists by colour

All storms named by European meteorological organisations in their respective forecasting areas, as well as Atlantic hurricanes that transitioned into European windstorms and retained the name assigned by the National Hurricane Center:

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Storms

Ex-Hurricane Danielle

Ex-Hurricane Danielle
Duration:	8–15 September 2022
Minpressure:	995abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Gust:	115km/h
Fatalities:	0
Power Outages:	Unspecified
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Danielle 2022 path.png

The remnants of Hurricane Danielle became an extratropical cyclone that affected Portugal and parts of western Spain. It had formerly been a Category 1 hurricane that transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone on 8 September, north of the Azores. It dissipated off the coast of Portugal on 15 September.^[18]

Large waves and heavy rainfall hit the Azores.^[19] Ex-Danielle brought heavy rain to mainland Portugal while meandering near its coast. Between 12 and 13 September, 644 accidents were reported throughout the country. While many downed trees and flash floods were reported, no fatalities resulted from the downpours.^{[20] [21] [22]} In Manteigas, under a "state of calamity" at the time, following intense summer forest fires in nearby areas of the Serra da Estrela mountain range, floods and landslides caused major damage. Four vehicles were dragged into the Zêzere River. Heavy rain extended to as far north as Braga. Covilhã saw 67.2mm of rain while Viseu saw 62mm of rain. Minor wind and flooding damage was reported in both Lisbon and Setúbal.^[23] Much of Spain was put on yellow alert as wind, rain and thunderstorms triggered by the cyclone moved inland.^[24]

Storm Ana (Reili)

Storm Ana
Duration:	15–21 September 2022
Gust:	175km/h
Area Affected:	France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Western Ukraine, Poland^[25]
Fatalities:	12 dead, 50 injured, 1 missing (all in Italy)
Damage:	Flooding in the Marche region of Italy. Heavy rain in the Balkans.
Track:	Ana 2022 track (Europe).jpg

Storm Ana was named on 15 September by the Italian Meteorological Service, with the same storm receiving the name Reili from the Free University of Berlin.^[26] The storm caused devastating floods in the Italian region of Marche between 15 and 16 September, mainly affecting the city of Ancona, where 12 people were killed and in other areas, 50 people were injured.^{[27] [28] [29]} One person is still missing.^[30] Afterwards, the system weakened and dissipated on 21 September.^[31]

Storm Bogdan (Ute)

Storm Bogdan
Duration:	24–29 September 2022
Gust:	165km/h
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Bogdan 2022 track.jpg

Storm Bogdan was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 24 September.^[32] Greece's Hellenic National Meteorological Service issued weather warnings for parts of Western Greece and islands in the Ionian Sea.^[33]

Storm Clio

Storm Clio
Duration:	25–26 September 2022
Gust:	155km/h
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Clio 2022 track.jpg

On 25 September, Storm Clio was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro.^[17] The storm brought light rain and a moderate breeze to the country, however, the European Severe Storms Laboratory did not document any severe weather reports in Montenegro from Storm Clio.

Storm Dino

Storm Dino
Duration:	30 September – 6 October 2022
Minipressure:	1005abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Gust:	120km/h
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Dino 2022 track.png

Storm Dino was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 30 September 2022, a gust of was recorded.^[34] It later went on to affect Greece and brought winds of up to . The storm dissipated on 6 October 2022.^[35]

Storm Bettina

Storm Bettina
Duration:	7–13 October 2022
Minpressure:	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[36]
Gust:	49abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Bettina 2022 track.jpg

Storm Bettina was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 7 October 2022.^[37] As Storm Bettina impacted Iceland on 9–10 October, the European Severe Storms Laboratory reported 181 storm reports, with 156 of those being severe wind reports of at least 25m/s and 25 heavy snowfall reports.^{[38] [39]} Due to the storm, about 500 of RARIK's customers lost power.^[40] Dozens of reports of power transmissions being damaged or destroyed occurred on 9 October all around Iceland along with multiple reports of roads becoming impassable.^{[38] [39] [41]}

Storm Elke

Storm Elke
Duration:	14–21 October 2022
Minpressure:	980abbr=onNaNabbr=on ^[42]
Gust:	145km/h
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Derecho in Scandinavia and tornadoes in Norway^[43]
Track:	Elke 2022 track.png

Storm Elke was named by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, the German meteorological agency on 14 October 2022.^[44] The Storm impacted Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Estonia and Russia on 16–17 October, uprooting trees, damaging houses, and causing power outages.^{[45] [46]} On 16 October two IF1 tornadoes caused damage in Norway.^[47] The event was later classified as a derecho imbedded in Low Pressure System Elke instead of a European Windstorm by the European Severe Storms Laboratory.^[48] The storm entered the Arctic and dissipated on 21 October.^[49]

Storm Armand (Georgina)

Storm Armand
Duration:	19–23 October 2022
Minpressure:	980abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[50]
Gust:	133kph
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Armand 2022 track.png

Storm Armand was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) on 19 October.^[51] This system was named Georgina by the FUB. Expected to bring strong winds to the Iberian Peninsula, Armand also caused flooding and fallen trees.^[51] On 21 October, the storm approached France and the British Isles, causing strong gales and heavy rain.^{[52] [53]} By 22 October, the storm had reached the tip of Scotland after significantly weakening. The storm then entered the North Sea and then looped back around again to Ireland when it dissipated on 23 October 2022.

The strongest high-level wind gusts from Armand were recorded on Mount Aigoual, France, reaching 133km/h. Meanwhile, the strongest low-level wind gust from Armand was 100km/h recorded at Brignogan, France.^[54]

Storm Béatrice (Helgard II)

See also: October 2022 European tornado outbreak.

Storm Beatrice
Minpressure:	986abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Gust:	125km/h
Fatalities:	None
Duration:	22–27 October 2022
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Beatrice 2022 track.png

A cold wave impulsed an extratropical cyclone in Europe and the storm interacted of anticyclone in the south in central Atlantic, the storm moved up towards Spain and Portugal, when on 22 October it received the name Beatrice.^[55] The system was named Helgard II by the FUB, and Helgard I went on into eastern Europe, as Helgard II did not affect eastern Europe. The storm then went on to bring heavy wind and rain to the Iberian Peninsula.^{[56] [57]} The outer bands of this storm were also related to the supercells in northern France and southern England which produced at least nine tornadoes, including the intense Bihucourt tornado.^[58]

A band of intense thunderstorms on the northern leading edge of Beatrice crossed southern and eastern England during the afternoon and evening of 23 October, where a yellow weather warning for thunderstorms was issued.^[59] Heavy rainfall and strong winds were reported widely, resulting in some flooding and structural damage,^{[60] [61]} and flights were disrupted at Heathrow Airport for several hours.^[62]

A small girl was injured by a disjointed gate in a severe wind gust,^[58] On 27 October, the storm tracked north towards Iceland and dissipated.^[63]

Storm Cláudio (Karsta)

Storm Cláudio
Duration:	30 October 2022 – 2 November 2022
Minpressure:	994abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Gust:	185km/h
Fatalities:	1 (indirect)
Track:	Claudio 2022 track.png

Storm Cláudio was named on 31 October 2022.^[64] An orange alert for strong winds was put in place for four departments in northwest France.^[65] The Met Office issued a yellow weather warning for wind for most of the south coast of England, stretching from Weymouth to Kent.^[66] The Met Office had forecast gusts of 50- with isolated gusts of >70mph on exposed coasts. The highest gust of was recorded at The Needles on the Isle of Wight, with a 1-minute sustained wind recorded as high as 105mph.^[67] A trampoline that was caught underneath a train meant that no trains could run from Worthing to Hove for more than three hours.^[68] High winds caused part of the southwest corner of the West Pier in Brighton to collapse into the sea.^[69] Two giant silver baubles were blown down by the storm and rolled down Tottenham Court Road in London. However, no damage or injuries was reported.^[70]

Storm Cláudio hit the UK as a deepening low pressure system, the lowest onshore pressure of 994 hPa (29.35 inHg)^[71] was recorded in Plymouth at 22:00 on 31 October. The centre of the shortwave made landfall in Southern Wales, near Cardiff, at around midnight – with the storm further north than had initially been forecasted by both the Met Office and Météo-France. In the wake of Storm Cláudio heavy convective showers produced flash flooding and lightning across the Southwest of England on 1–2 November. At 13:23 on 1 November, a thunderstorm brought winds as strong as 84mph to exposed parts of Cornwall.^[72] In Devon, fire crews were called to a pre-school in Willand, Devon after a suspected lightning strike lead to a small fire at 14:40.^[73] Between the evening of the 31 October to the evening of the 2 November, more than 11,000 lightning strikes had been registered across the British Isles, with the majority of activity centred over the Channel Coasts.^[74]

Highest recorded wind gusts across the UK during Storm Cláudio from Met Office and National Coastwatch Institution stations!Location!Wind gust!Elevation above mean sea level!Time (local)

The Needles Old Battery, Totland, Isle of Wight	115mph	80m (260feet) ^[75]	0:00 – 1 November 2022
Prawle Point, East Prawle, Devonshire	93mph^[76]	61m (200feet)^[77]	22:00 – 31 October 2022
Gwennap Head, Porthgwarra, Cornwall	93mph	66m (217feet)^[78]	20:00 – 31 October 2022
Isle of Portland, Weymouth, Dorset	86mph^[79]	52m (171feet)	0:00 – 1 November 2022
St. Catherine's Point, Puckaster, Isle of Wight	84mph^[80]	20m (70feet)	1:00 – 1 November 2022
Rame Head, Plymouth, Devonshire	81mph^[81]	105m (344feet)^[82]	22:00 – 31 October 2022

Storm Marion

Storm Marion
Duration:	1 – 8 November
Minpressure:	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[83]
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	Unspecified
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Marion 2022 track.png

A storm named Marion by the University of Berlin affected the British Isles on Wednesday 2 November and Thursday 3 November. The Met Office issued yellow weather warnings for wind and rain for 2 and 3 November, affecting large parts of Wales, northern England, Scotland and all of Northern Ireland.^[84]

Storm Eva (Ottilie)

Storm Eva (Ottilie)
Duration:	4–10 November
Minpressure:	1000abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Gust:	110km/h
Fatalities:	0
Power Outages:	Unspecified
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Eva 2022 track (Europe).jpg

Storm Eva was named on 4 November 2022.^[85] Amber warnings were put in place for southern Italy, and red warnings were put in place for Greece.^[86]

Storm Philomena

Storm Philomena
Duration:	7–10 November 2022
Gust:	110km/h
Minpressure:	970abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[87]
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Philomena 2022 track.png

Storm Philomena was named on 7 November 2022.^[88] The storm caused wind gusts of over 70mph in Cornwall,^[89] and on 10 November, the storm entered a dissipation stage for the Storm Quisina.^[90]

Storm Regina

Storm Regina
Duration:	14 – 21 November 2022
Minpressure:	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[91]
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Regina 2022 track.png

Storm Regina was named by the FUB on 14 November 2022.^[92] The storm passed through the United Kingdom on 17–18 November.^{[91] [93]} The storm caused heavy rainfall in both Scotland and England.^{[94] [95]}

Storm Fobos

Storm Fobos
Duration:	19 – 24 November 2022
Minpressure:	1005abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[96]
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Fobos 2022 track.png

Storm Fobos was named by the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro on 19 November 2022.^{[17] [96]} The storm dissipated on 24 November.^[97]

Storm Denise

See also: 2022 Ischia landslide.

Storm Denise
Duration:	21 – 27 November 2022
Gust:	100km/h ^[98]
Minpressure:	990abbr=onNaNabbr=on^[99]
Fatalities:	14 (all in Italy)^[100]
Damage:	€2 Million (£1.7 Million)
Track:	Denise 2022 track.png

Storm Denise was named by the AEMET on 21 November 2022.^[101] The storm caused wind gusts of more than 100km/h winds in Mallorca.^[101] In Venice, several schools were closed and water levels rose 170cm (70inches), the third most highest recording since modern records began.^[102] In Trieste, winds of more than 100km/h were reported by Vigili del Fuoco.^[102] Stormy weather and roughs seas also affected areas in Sicily where ferry services were disrupted from the port at Milazzo. Heavy rain caused some flooding in the Province of Oristano in Sardinia on 22 November. Several people were evacuated in the small town of Bosa. Crashing waves, high tides and storm surge flooded shores along Italy's coastline. Coastal flooding was reported in the provinces of Rome and Latina in the Lazio Region. New Agency ANSA reported a tidal barrier was severely damaged in Ostia. Firefighters rescued families trapped in 1 metre deep floods in coastal areas near Anzio. On the Adriatic Coast, storm surge and high seas flooded coastal areas of Emilia-Romagna Region in the provinces of Forlì-Cesana, Ferrara, Rimini and Ravenna. Flooding was also reported in coastal areas of the Marche Region, including Marina di Montemarciano and Senigallia.^[102]

On 22 November, the storm made landfall in Italy.^[99] On 23 November, the storm made another landfall in the Balkans.^[103] On 25 November, the storm entered the Black Sea^[104] and the day after, the storm passed close to Ukraine and Russia.^[105] Denise dissipated on 27 November.^[106]

On 24 November, an Argentine tourist drowned after being swept into the sea in Furore, while a man was struck and killed by lightning on a beach in Vico Equense.^[107] The storm also partially triggered a landslide on the Italian Island of Ischia, killing 12 people.^{[108] [109]}

The government has approved a state of emergency, allocating an initial sum of €2m (£1.7m) to help rebuild homes.^[110]

Storm Ariel (Yuki)

Storm Ariel
Duration:	29 November – 2 December 2022
Minpressure:	1005sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4^[111]
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	Several homes
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Ariel 2022 track.png

Storm Ariel was named by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service on 29 November 2022.^[112] The same system was named as Yuki by Deutscher Wetterdienst. Ariel caused power outages in many cities and islands. Several schools were closed in Skopelos.^[113] Ariel dissipated on 2 December 2022.^[114]

Storm Efraín

Storm Efrain
Duration:	10 December 2022 – 17 December 2022
Minpressure:	955sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4^[115]
Fatalities:	3 (Indirect)
Power Outages:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Efrain 2022 track.png

Storm Efraín was named on 10 December 2022.^[115] Crossing the cold waters heading towards the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula, a powerful anticyclone blocking its path to higher latitudes, the storm quickly intensified thanks to the presence of an atmospheric river of subtropical origin associated with its southern flank. The storm hit the Iberian Peninsula and France from 13 to 16 December before dissipating.^[116]

Efraín brought strong winds, heavy rains and rough seas to the Azores.^[116] Flooding due to heavy rains affected the provinces of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha in Spain.^[117] Strong gusts and rain caused landslides on the famous Caminito del Rey in Andalusia.^[118] Several stations in Madrid have been forced to close due to flooding. An environmental officer drowned during a flood in Villarino de los Aires (Salamanca).^[119]

In Portugal, Efraín caused flooding in the Tagus River basin.^{[120] [121]} According to the Portuguese Civil Protection Agency, a government body, some 5,000 rescue workers were on duty across the country and authorities estimated the damage at millions of euros.^{[122] [123]}

In France, the freezing rain and snow associated with the warm front of the system disrupted transport.^[124] Two accidents in Saône-et-Loire caused the death of a motorist on the A39 motorway and two truck drivers on a secondary road.^{[122] [125]} The Minister of Transport, Clément Beaune, announced the cancellation of part of the flights from Orly and Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle airports. In Lyon, all the buses remained stationary for part of a morning to avoid accidents.^[122]

Storm Gaia (Birgit)

Storm Gaia
Duration:	10 December 2022 – 17 December 2022
Gust:	120km/h
Minpressure:	995sigfig=4NaNsigfig=4^[126]
Fatalities:	None
Track:	Gaia 2022 track.png

Storm Gaia was named on 10 December 2022.^[115] In preparation, Greece issued warnings as trees fell and flooding caused by heavy rain occurred.^[127]

Storm Fien (Harto)

Storm Fien
Area Affected:	Spain, France, Italy & Central Europe.
Duration:	14–20 January 2023
Gust:	150km/h (Pyrenees)
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	1

On 14 January 2023, the Spanish State Meteorological Agency (AEMet) assigned the name Fien to the depression then located on Newfoundland. It was moving towards the south of the British Isles.^{[128] [129]} It reached the Bay of Biscay on 17 January.^[130] Then crossing into the Mediterranean, it passed over northern Italy on the 18th and turned northward to end up in the Baltic countries the following day.^[131] At 0:00 UTC on 20 January, Fien reached northwestern Russia.^[132]

Consequently, Orange marine weather warnings for high winds were issued by AEMET for 15 January for north-western Galicia province, with yellow marine wind warnings stretching all the way to the border with France in Basque.^[133]

In France, the southwest was affected during the night of 16 to 17 January. Winds of up to 150km/h were recorded in the Pyrenees, toppling trees and cutting off electricity to 15,000 customers in Nouvelle-Aquitaine and Occitania but without major damage or casualties. According to Météo-France, NaNmm of rain fell in the Landes and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, and up to 55mm in Tarbes, while above a certain altitude the rain changed to snow. The rain caused flooding in places. Snow in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Haute-Savoie and the Massif Central caused difficulties on the roads and forced the closure of schools. In Corsica, a landslide disrupted trains between Ajaccio and Bastia and ferries were canceled by Corsica Linea.^[134]

In Spain, almost the entire country has been put on high alert for high winds, heavy rain and snow, depending on altitude, as well as rough seas. In the north, rivers approached overflow level. An 80-year-old man who disappeared during the storm has been found dead in the port of the Basque town of Bermeo. In Sondika, emergency services rescued a bus full of children stuck on a flooded road. Winds of up to 90km/h in Barcelona caused damage.^[135] After its passage, arctic air gave way to very cold temperatures.

Storm Gérard (Gero)

Storm Gérard
Duration:	15–17 January 2023
Gust:	163km/h at Brittany coast
Minpressure:	973abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	75,000 customers^[136]
Track:	Gérard 2023 track.png

Storm Gérard was named on 15 January 2023.^[137]

The storm brought strong wind gusts, sleet showers, snow showers, and abundant rainfall across the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Western Europe.^[138] Gérard caused strong winds and left at least 75,000 customers without electricity.^[136]

The strongest winds of up to 163km/h were recorded on the Normandy coastline at Carteret, and wind gusts of 158km/h were recorded on the Brittany coast at Pointe du Raz, while a gust of 132km/h was recorded on top of the Eiffel Tower, Paris on Sunday night.^{[139] [140]} The minimum central pressure within Gérard was around 973 hPa (28.7 inHg).^[141]

Strongest wind gusts registered from Storm Gérard in France!Location!Wind gust!1-minute sustained windspeed!Time (local – GMT+1)

Carteret, Normandy	163km/h	112km/h	06h-07h, 16 January 2023
Pointe du Raz, Brittany	158km/h^[142]	109km/h	03h-04h, 16 January 2023
Ile de Groix, Brittany	154km/h^[143]	102km/h	03h-04h, 16 January 2023
Belle Ile, Brittany	150km/h^[144]	90km/h	03h-04h, 16 January 2023
Pointe du Roc, Normandy	144km/h^[145]	102km/h	06h-07h, 16 January 2023
Vigie du Homet, Normandy	141km/h^[146]	95km/h	05h-06h, 16 January 2023
	137km/h^[147]	94km/h	03h-04h, 16 January 2023
Ushant (Ouessant), Brittany	137km/h^[148]	93km/h	02h-03h, 16 January 2023

Cyclone Hannelore (Jan)

Cyclone Hannelore
Duration:	19 January 2023 – 28 January 2023
Gust:	151km/h in (France)
Minpressure:	992abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Hannelore 2023 track.png

Cyclone Hannelore was named on 19 January 2023.^[149] The storm was last noted on 28 January.^[150] According to the EUMETSAT, Hannelore was a Medicane.^[151] Météo-France has put 9 departments on orange alert in the south of the country, including Landes for "floods", and Dordogne, Lot, Tarn-et-Garonne, Aveyron, Tarn, Hérault, Aude and the Pyrénées-Orientales for "snow-ice".^[152] A Tramontana wind blew on the Mediterranean coast after its passage, with gusts of up to 106 km/h at Istres and 114 km/h at Cap Béar on 19 January.^[153] The winds continued over the following days, reaching peaks of 151 km/h at Cap Béar on 22 January.^[154] In the north-east of Spain subject to the same winds, the gusts reached 130 to 135 km/h from Huesca to the Balearic Islands.^[155]

Over northern Spain and in France, behind Hannelore, the arrival of a very cold and dry air mass from northern Europe caused minimum temperatures to drop well below freezing.^{[154] [155] [156]} A yellow vigilance "extreme cold" has even been launched for 72 departments in France and from yellow to orange for a good number of provinces in the north of Spain.^[157]

In Italy, heavy snow fell in the north of the country above 300 m altitude, accompanied by strong winds. Winds and snow also affected the Balkans.^[155]

Storm Barbara

Storm Barbara
Duration:	5–8 February 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	1
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Barbara 2023 track.png

Storm Barbara caused high winds in Israel that lasted until 8 February 2023, uprooting trees and sent flying debris, causing damage to buildings and cars.^{[158] [159]} 1 fatality occurred when a 20-year-old construction worker was killed when scaffolding collapsed in Ashdod. In addition to the fatality, 5 injuries were also attributed to the storm.^{[160] [161]}

The storm also hampered rescue efforts after the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake.^[162] The storm dissipated on 8 February 2023.^[163]

Storm Isaack

Storm Isaack
Duration:	6–8 February 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Track:	Isaack 2023 track.png

Storm Isaack was named on 6 February 2023 by the AEMET.^[164] The storm dissipated on 8 February 2023.^[163]

Cyclone Helios

Cyclone Helios
Track:	Helios 2023 track.png
Area Affected:	Sicily, Malta & Tunisia.
Duration:	9–11 February 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Moderate

Cyclone Helios was named by the Malta Meteorological Office on 9 February 2023.^{[165] [166]} The storm also impacted Sicily, where it led to the closure of Catania–Fontanarossa Airport. Yellow weather warnings were issued for Malta. As a result, people in Malta were advised to avoid the coasts as a result.^[167]

The storm caused flooding and it led to property damage throughout the Maltese Islands, including the collapse of a false ceiling at the Malta International Airport and a structure at Popeye Village being destroyed by a dislodged boulder. During the heavy rain, walls collapsed, damaging parked cars at Għarb and St. Paul's Bay,^[168] while the 17th-century Għajn Tuffieħa Tower was also damaged.^[169] Some boats capsized and a yacht ran aground at Mistra Bay. One minor injury was reported when an airport ceiling collapsed.^[170]

On 10 February 2023, Malta experienced its wettest February-day since 1938. A total of 140.4 millimeters was measured at Luqa.^[171]

The cyclone dissipated on 11 February.^[172]

Storm Otto (Ulf)

Storm Otto
Track:	Otto 2023 track.png
Area Affected:	United Kingdom, Norway, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland, Estonia, Russia.^[173]
Duration:	16–21 February 2023
Gust:	at Cairngorms^[174]
Minpressure:	^[175]
Fatalities:	None
Power Outages:	30,000 homes^[176]

Storm Otto was named by the Danish Meteorological Institute on 16 February 2023 and the UK's Met Office issued yellow warnings of wind in northern Scotland.^[177] Later, on 17 February 2023, the UK's yellow warning had been extended for the Borders and northeast England.^[178]

On 16 February, the Danish Meteorological Institute warned that Denmark could experience hurricane-force winds, and gusts of over 39 m/s (140 km/h).^[179]

On 17 February, wind gusts as high as 106mph^[180] were recorded on the north coast of Aberdeenshire. At higher elevations, a wind gust of 120mph was recorded on top of Cairngorm.^[174] The most severe conditions occurred northern Scotland, where a yellow wind warning was in place. The storm dissipated on 21 February.^[181]

Maximum wind gusts recorded during Windstorm Otto!Location!Wind gust!Elevation

Cairngorms, UK	193km/h 53.6 m/s)^[182]	1244m (4,081feet)
Aonach Mòr, UK	174km/h 48.3 m/s)	1221m (4,006feet)
Banff, UK	171km/h 47.5 m/s)	47m (154feet)
Invergordon, UK	163km/h 45.3 m/s)^[183]	4m (13feet)
Roeldalsfjellet, Norway	156km/h 43.3 m/s)^[184]	1006m (3,301feet)
Bealach na Bà, UK	154km/h 42.8 m/s)	626m (2,054feet)
Elgol, UK	152km/h 42.2 m/s)^[185]	104m (341feet)
Viewfield, UK	150km/h 41.6 m/s)	18 m (59 ft)
Eigerøya, Norway	146km/h 40.5 m/s)^[186]	49m (161feet)
Brocken, Germany	137km/h 38.1 m/s)^[187]	1135m (3,724feet)
Lindesnes Fyr, Norway	133km/h 36.9 m/s)^[188]	16m (52feet)
Kap Arkona, Germany	120km/h 33.3 m/s)	42m (138feet)

Cyclone Juliette (Zakariyya)

Cyclone Juliette
Track:	Juliette 2023 track.png
Area Affected:	Italy, Spain, France
Duration:	27 February 2023 – 4 March 2023
Gust:	114km/h in S'Algar on 2 March^[189]
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified

Cyclone Juliette was named on 27 February 2023.^[190]

Heavy snow and large waves occurred in parts of Italy, Spain, and France, primarily Mallorca and the Belearic Islands.^[191]

It was also named Zakariyya.

Storm Kamiel

Storm Kamiel
Duration:	27 February 2023 – 4 March 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Kamiel was named on 27 February 2023 by the IPMA.^[164]

Storm Larisa

Storm Larisa
Area Affected:	France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Benelux.
Duration:	8 March 2023 – 15 March 2023
Gust:	192 km/h (Cagnano, Corsica, France)^[192]
Minpressure:	970 hPa (28.64 inHg)
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Moderate
Power Outages:	Unspecified

On 7 March, the Free University of Berlin began tracking a major low pressure system in the middle of the North Atlantic called Diethelm.^[193] Its development took place along the polar front, within a barometric trough aloft. Its central pressure was around 970 hPa on 8 March.^[194] On 9 March, Météo-France officially gave it the name Larisa as it approached Ireland while extending a warm front towards Benelux.^[194] It passed over England and at 00:00 UTC on 10 March, the center of Larisa was over the English Channel, extending an intense pressure gradient over all of France and the Cantabrian Sea.^[194] Larisa then traveled through northern France, Benelux and Germany before arriving in central Europe on 11 March.^{[194] [195]} The following day, the storm reached Finland and northwestern Russia before entering the Barents Sea on 13 March.^[196]

In France, eleven departments were placed on orange alert.^[197] Strong winds blew, in particular on the northern coasts, on the Massif Central and the Mediterranean coast. On 10 March, Météo-France reported gusts of 100 to 120 km/h over the country with gusts of up to 150 km/h in the Corbières.^[198] Keraunos, the French thunderstorm and tornado observatory, and Météo-France reported gusts of 146 to 150 km/h in Saint-Paul-de-Fenouillet (Pyrénées-Orientales) and 125 km/h in Mouthoumet in the Aude.^{[192] [199]} Winds reached 130 km/h in Saint-Malo, and waves in Porspoder (Finistère) reached more than 16 meters. Up to 4,600 households were deprived of electricity in Brittany.^[200] Gusts of more than 100 km/h were also reported in Corsica, and up to 192 km/h in Cagnano and 154 km/h in Cap Sagro.^[192] Major wind damage was also reported in areas of maximum winds and the collapse of a wall in the commercial area of Dury, near Amiens in the Somme, injured two people.^[201]

In the United Kingdom, the Met Office issued a number of weather warnings for heavy snow followed by very cold temperatures. Snowfall of up to 24 cm was reported at Leek Thorncliffe, 14 cm at Bingley in northern England, and 16 cm at Lake Vyrnwy in Wales.^[202] A village on the outskirts of Buxton (Derbyshire) received at least 30 cm of snow according to an unofficial source.^[203] The winds also caused blizzard conditions causing widespread disruption to road and rail traffic as well as the closure of hundreds of schools.^{[204] [203]} On the British M62 motorway, between Manchester and Leeds, motorists were stranded requiring the use of mountain rescue teams. Many flight delays and cancellations to clear snow from runways were reported at airports.^[203]

In Ireland, a warning was issued by Met Éireann for much of the country for freezing temperatures, widespread freezing on the roads, as well as a snowfall warning. In Northern Ireland, more than 180 schools closed, mainly in Belfast and counties Antrim, Armagh and Down.^[205]

Storm Larisa brought snowfall to Belgium and Netherlands between 8–10 March 2023,^{[204] [206]} with layers of snow up to 10 centimeters.^{[207] [208]}

In Spain on 8 March, warnings were issued for the Galician coast, predicting waves between 5 and 7 m in height. Warnings were extended until 10 March for the eastern Cantabrian Sea. The strongest gusts hit the Cantabrian coast, as well as mountainous areas in the north. The highest gust of 113 km/h was recorded at the Punta de Estaca de Bares, province of A Coruña, on 10 March. Rainfall was significant in the province of Cáceres, with a maximum of 59 mm in Piornal in 24 hours.^[194]

Storm Mathis (Markus)

Storm Mathis
Duration:	March 30–2 April 2023
Minpressure:	979abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Fatalities:	1
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	500+

Storm Mathis was named on 30 March 2023 by Météo France. Yellow wind and rain warnings were issued for southern England by the Met Office.^[209] Météo France issued yellow and orange storm alerts in 80 departments across the country.^[210]

On 31 March, a Welsh station recorded an onshore central pressure of . A gust of was also recorded at Gwennap Head in Cornwall. Over 500 properties were also left without power across the county. In Devon there were many flooded roads, with rivers and streams "reaching high levels".^[211] A man was killed by a falling tree in Senones, northern France. Two tornadoes were reported, one in Buzançais and another in Saint-Jean-de-Sauves, but no injuries were reported.

Storm Ilina (Norbert)

Storm Ilina
Duration:	2 April 2023 – 8 April 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Ilina was named on 2 April 2023.^[212]

Storm Noa (Quax)

Storm Noa
Track:	Animacion-analisis-noa.gif
Duration:	11 April 2023 – 15 April 2023
Gust:	156 km/h (97 mph)
Minpressure:	973 hPa (28.73 inHg)
Fatalities:	2
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Noa was named on 12 April 2023 by Météo France. Yellow wind warnings were issued for southern England and Northern Ireland by the Met Office, as well as Yellow and Orange warnings for wind in Ireland by Met Éireann.^[213] Furthermore, Météo France placed 3 departments in status orange for wind, as well as a status yellow wind warning for much of northern France – forecasting winds of up to 120 km/h (75 mph) in coastal regions of the Channel.^[214]

On 11 April, a woman died after being spotted in the sea off Brighton beach. On 13 April, the body of a 21-year-old man was recovered from Saltdean beach by the RNLI following an extensive search, which was prompted by the sighting of a person in the water near a groyne next to Brighton Pier. A woman was badly injured after scaffolding collapsed onto a street in Fareham.^[215] Waves of water also hit Cornwall.^[216]

Maximum wind gusts recorded during Windstorm Noa!Location!Wind gust!Elevation

Needles Old Battery, Isle of Wight, UK	^[217]
Gwennap Head, Cornwall, UK	^[218]
Prawle Point, Devon, UK	^[219]
Isle of Portland, Dorset, UK

Storm Leon

Storm Leon
Duration:	13 April 2023 – 16 April 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Leon was named on 13 April 2023.^[220]

Storm Minerva (Chappu)

Storm Minerva (Chappu)
Duration:	15 May 2023 – 18 May 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Minpressure:	994abbr=onNaNabbr=on
Fatalities:	15^[221]
Damage:	€10+ billion
Power Outages:	50,000^[222]

See also: 2023 Emilia-Romagna floods. Storm Minerva was named on 15 May 2023 by the Operational Center for Meteorology of the Italian Air Force.^{[223] [224]} Also named Chappu by the Deutsche Wetterdienst and the Free University of Berlin,^[225] it was responsible for at least fifteen flood-related fatalities in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy,^{[221] [226]} with the worst affected areas being Forlì, Cesena, Faenza,^[227] Ravenna, Bologna and Rimini.^{[228] [229] [230]} The storm also forced the cancellation of the 2023 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix on 17 May.^{[231] [232]}

Storm Nino

Storm Nino
Duration:	18 May 2023 – 22 May 2023
Gust:	116 km/h (72 mph)^[233]
Fatalities:	1^[234]
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

A weather station off the coast of Tunisia recorded a sea level pressure of early on 19 May.

Storm Oscar

Storm Oscar
Track:	Animacion-analisis-oscar.gif
Duration:	4 June 2023 – 12 June 2023
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Thunder across all South Europe, West Europe, Balkans and East Europe, Floods in Italy

Storm Olga

Storm Olga
Duration:	14 June 2023 – 16 June 2023
Gust:	Unknown
Minpressure:	Unknown
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unknown

Storm Olga was named by the Italian meteorological service^[235] on 14 June 2023.^[236]

Storm Poly

See main article: Storm Poly.

Storm Poly
Duration:	4 July 2023 – 7 July 2023
Gust:	146 km/h (91 mph, 41 m/s) in IJmuiden, Netherlands.^[237] ^[238]
Fatalities:	2^[239] ^[240]
Damage:	Unspecified

Storm Poly was an extratropical cyclone which affected Benelux, Germany, and the United Kingdom during July 2023. The thirty-seventh windstorm of the 2022–23 European windstorm season, Poly was named by the Free University of Berlin on July 4. It later became the most intense summer storm to impact the Netherlands, bringing destructive gusts to the nation, peaking at 91 mph in IJmuiden, Netherlands.^{[241] [242]} In Germany, lesser winds of 50-60 mph were recorded.^[243] In total, two fatalities occurred: one in the Netherlands, and another in Germany.^[244] Poly would cause at least (2023) in damages.^[245]

Storm Patrícia (Xan)

Storm Patrícia
Duration:	2 August 2023 – 5 August 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Patrícia was named on 2 August 2023 by Meteo France, with the Deutscher Wetterdienst naming the same cyclone as Xan.^[246]

Storm Petar (Zacharias)

See also: 2023 Carinthia and Slovenia floods.

Storm Petar
Duration:	4 August 2023 – 6 August 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	0
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Petar was named on 4 August 2023. The system, which was also named Zacharias by the Deutscher Wetterdienst, formed in the Adriatic Sea.^[247]

Storm Antoni (Yves)

Storm Antoni
Duration:	4 August 2023 – 6 August 2023
Gust:	Unknown
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Antoni began affecting the United Kingdom on 4 August, the same day it was named by the Met Office.^[248] It is the latest first Met Office-named storm of the season.^[249] The system was also named Yves by the Deutscher Wetterdienst.^[250]

Storm Hans

Storm Hans
Duration:	6–12 August 2023
Gust:	130 km/h (81 mph)
Fatalities:	2^[251]
Damage:	Estimated 900M€ (985M$)
Power Outages:	40,000

Storms Petar and Antoni coalesced and formed Storm Hans.^[252] In Sweden, roads were flooded and in Hudiksvall Municipality, a train carrying 120 passengers derailed. Waves in Denmark were reported to be up to eight metres (26 feet) high, and in Norway, several people were evacuated. In Latvia and Lithuania, two people were killed by falling trees. Additionally, 40,000 customers were left without electricity in Kurzeme and Zemgale.^[253] After several days of heavy rain in Norway, a dam broke into the Glomma river in Braskereidfoss on 9 August. Locals are evacuated.^[254] On 10 August, the local government of Hamar floods the speed skating venue Vikingskipet to relieve the rest of the city.^[255]

Storm Betty

Storm Betty
Duration:	18–20 August 2023
Gust:	106km/h
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	70,000

Storm Betty was named by Met Éireann on 18 August, and was expected to bring strong winds, heavy rain and thunderstorms to Ireland and the United Kingdom through Friday and Saturday (18-19 August 2023).^{[256] [257]} At least 70,000 people were left without power. High winds from the storm caused trees to fall down, blocking roads and in some cases damaging vehicles. A gust of 66 mph was recorded in North-west Wales.^[258]

Storm Rea

Storm Rea
Duration:	26–28 August 2023
Gust:	Unspecified
Minpressure:	Unspecified
Fatalities:	None
Damage:	Unspecified
Power Outages:	None

Storm Rea was named by the Italian Meteorological Service on 27 August 2023.^[259]

Storm Daniel

See main article: article and Storm Daniel.

Storm Daniel
Track:	Daniel 2023 track.png
Duration:	4–12 September 2023
Gust:	Approx. 100km/h
Minpressure:	999hPa
Fatalities:	5,951+^[260] (18,000–20,000 estimated)
Damage:	>€19.9 billion^[261]
Power Outages:	Unspecified

Storm Daniel was named by the Hellenic National Meteorological Service on 4 September and was expected to bring heavy rainfall and heavy winds in Greece, especially in Greece's Thessaly region. On 5 September, the city of Volos was flooded extensively. The village of Zagora recorded 754 mm of rain in 24 hours, a record for Greece.^[262] The total rainfall reached 1,096 mm.^[263] Seventeen people were confirmed dead in Greece, while neighbouring countries Turkey and Bulgaria respectively recorded seven and four fatalities.^{[264] [265] [266]} Extensive flooding occurred in the plain of Thessaly, in Palamas, Karditsa and the city of Larisa and hundreds civilians were rescued.^[267] The flood water covered a region of about 720 square kilometers.^[268] In the Halkidiki region several seaside villages such as Ierissos experienced damage due to the heavy wind. In the seaside village of Toroni in Halkidiki a canoeing woman got swept away by the wind but was later found. The torrential rainfall was a result of a cut-off low. Early on 9 September, the system showed signs of subtropical transition; later on the day, the storm developed a warm core while an ASCAT pass recorded sustained winds of 45 knots before making landfall near Benghazi, Libya. In Libya, Storm Daniel caused flooding in Marj, Bayda, Tobruk, Derna, and the Jabal al Akhdar district, as well as Benghazi, Susa, and Misrata. Two dams were reported to have collapsed near Derna.^[269] The flood and heavy rain caused the deaths of at least 5,923 people in the country according to official reports,^[260] however, it is estimated that as many as 18,000 to 20,000 people may have died.^[270] A state of extreme emergency was declared by the local authorities following the storm.^[271]

Storm Elias

Storm Elias
Duration:	25–29 September 2023
Fatalities:	1

Storm Elias produced large, damaging hail across Greece on 25 September.^[272] Streets flooded in the cities of Trikala and Xylokastro on the evening of September 25.

During September 27 many cities in Northern Euboea flooded reportedly four rivers overflowed, roads in the city of Volos, being flooded last time during Storm Daniel flooded as well. One civilian helicopter crashed from the extreme weather and as a result killing its pilot.^[273] By 28 September, Volos saw of rainfall in a 14-hour period; meanwhile, Limni had in 7 hours, and Istiaia in 3.5 hours.^[274] During the following days, heavy rains were reported in Istanbul on 28 and 29 September,^[275] especially in Küçükçekmece, Başakşehir, Esenyurt, Gaziosmanpaşa, Sultangazi and Büyükçekmece. The storm was expected to head towards Latakia and Tartus in Syria and northern Lebanon,^{[276] [277]} yet no reports of actual effects materialized. Images acquired from a Sentinel-2 satellite showed large amounts of sediment washed away by floods as the Pineios river discharges in the Aegean Sea.^[278]

Season effects

Storm	FUB name	data-sort-type="number"	Dates active	data-sort-type="number"	Highest wind gust	data-sort-type="number"	Lowest pressure	Areas affected	data-sort-type="number"	Fatalities (+missing)	data-sort-type="number"	Damage	Refs
Danielle	n/a		100km/h	995abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Portugal and Spain	0	Moderate
Ana	Reili		75km/h	Unspecified	France, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, Ukraine and Poland	12 (+1)	Unspecified
Bogdan	Ute		95km/h	Unspecified	Tunisia, Italy, Greece and Balkans	0	Unspecified
Clio	n/a		35km/h	Unspecified	Montenegro	0	Unspecified
Dino	n/a		135km/h	Unspecified	Italy and Greece	0	Unspecified
Bettina	FUB assigned		180km/h	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Iceland	0	Unspecified
Elke	FUB assigned		145km/h	980abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Russia	0	Unspecified
Armand	Georgina		133km/h	980abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Portugal, France, United Kingdom and Ireland	0	Unspecified
Béatrice	Helgard II		140km/h	986abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Iceland, Iberia, France and United Kingdom	0	Unspecified
Cláudio	Karsta		185km/h	994abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom, France, Netherlands	1	Unspecified
Marion	FUB assigned		Unspecified	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on	British Isles	0	Unspecified
Eva	Ottilie		100km/h	1001hPa	Italy, Libya, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Turkey	0	Unspecified
Philomena	FUB Assigned		110km/h	970abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom	0	Unspecified
Regina	FUB assigned		Unspecified	975abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom	0	Unspecified
Fobos	n/a		Unspecified	1005hPa	Italy	0	Unspecified
Denise	n/a			990abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Spain, Italy, Corsica, Balkans, Ukraine, Russia	14	€2 million (£1.7 million)
Ariel	Yuki		Unspecified	1005hPa	Italy, Greece	0	Unspecified
Efrain	n/a		Unspecified	955abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Portugal	3	Unspecified
Gaia	Birgit		Unspecified	995abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Greece, Italy, Montenegro	0	Unspecified
Fien	Harto		150km/h	Unspecified	Spain, France, Italy, Central Europe	1	Unspecified	^[279]
Gérard	Gero			973abbr=onNaNabbr=on	France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Ireland	0	Unspecified
Hannelore	Jan		151km/h	992hPa	France, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Croatia, Greece and Slovenia	0	Unspecified
Barbara	n/a		Unspecified	Unspecified	Israel, Turkey, Greece and Cyprus	1	Unspecified
Isaack	n/a		Unspecified	Unspecified	Spain, France	0	Unspecified
Helios	n/a		Unspecified	Unspecified	Malta	0	Unspecified
Otto	Ulf			977abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom, Faroe Islands, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Poland	0	Unspecified
Juliette	Zakariyya			Unspecified	Italy, Spain, France	0	Unspecified
Kamiel	n/a		Unspecified	Unspecified	The Azores	0	Unspecified
Larisa	n/a			970abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, France and Netherlands	0	Moderate
Mathis	Markus			979abbr=onNaNabbr=on	France, United Kingdom	1	Unspecified
Ilina	Norbert		Unspecified	993abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Italy	0	Unspecified
Noa	Quax			973abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Benelux, France, Ireland, United Kingdom	2	Unspecified
Leon	n/a		Unspecified	998abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Italy	0	Unspecified
Minerva	Chappu		Unspecified	994abbr=onNaNabbr=on	Italy	15	€10 billion (£8.592 billion)
Nino	n/a				Algeria, Tunisia, Malta, Italy	1	Unspecified
Oscar	n/a		Unspecified	991abbr=onNaNabbr=on	The Azores, Canary Islands, Portugal, Spain, France, Ireland and United Kingdom	0	Unspecified
Olga	n/a		Unknown	Unknown	Italy	0	Unspecified
Poly	FUB Assigned			992abbr=onNaNabbr=on	United Kingdom, Northern France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark	2	€50,000,000
Patrícia	Xan		Unknown		Ireland, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Belgium, Sweden	1	Unspecified	,^[280] ^[281]
Petar	Zacharias		Unknown		Greece, Italy	0	Unspecified
Antoni	Yves		Unknown		United Kingdom, France	1	Unspecified	^[282]
Hans	n/a		Unknown		Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Lithuania	2	Unspecified
Betty	n/a				Ireland, UK	0	Unspecified
Rea	n/a		Unknown	Unknown	Italy, Spain, and France	0	Unspecified	^[283]
Daniel	n/a			Unknown	Libya, Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Egypt and Israel	5,951+ (18,000–20,000 estimated)	>€19.9 billion (US$21.14 billion)
Total: 45	FUB names	8 September 202228 August 2023	Otto	Efrain	Europe	6,000+ (18,000–20,000+ estimated)	~€30.000 billion (£25.000 billion)

See also

• Weather of: 2022, 2023
• Tropical cyclones in 2023
• 2022–23 North American winter

References

EEEEEE22-23

Notes and References

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2. Web site: 20,000 deaths by estimate . Skynews.
3. Web site: 21 May 2023 . La conta dei danni. Campi, aziende, strade e turismo: 5 miliardi persi. . subscription . 22 May 2023 . La Repubblica . it.
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7. Web site: UK Storm Centre . Met Office . UK Met Office . 18 February 2023 . 27 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211127162229/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-storm-centre/index . dead .
8. Web site: KNMI waarschuwingen . KNMI . 19 February 2023 . Dutch . 17 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230217050524/https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/uitleg/knmi-waarschuwingen . dead .
9. Leitao . Paula . Roulet . Bernard . Rey . Jaime . Storm naming: the First Season of Naming by the South-west Group: Spain-Portugal-France . The European Forecaster (Newsletter of the WGCEF) . September 2018 . 23 . 33–37 . 19 February 2023 . 2 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230102032832/http://euroforecaster.org/newsletter23/Newsletter.pdf . dead .
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11. Web site: Storms in Denmark since 1891. dmi.dk. 25 June 2023.
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13. Met Office . Met Office . metoffice . 1565200277409603584 . 1 September 2022 . Here is the new list of storm names for 2022–23 with @MetEireann and @KNMI Do you know someone whose name is on the list? Antoni Betty Cillian Daisy Elliot Fleur Glen Hendrika Íde Johanna Khalid Loes Mark Nelly Owain Priya Ruadhán Sam Tobias Val Wouter #NameOurStorms . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221016053535/https://twitter.com/metoffice/status/1565200277409603584 . 16 October 2022 . live.
14. Web site: UK storm centre. Met Office. 21 January 2023. 27 November 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211127162229/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/warnings-and-advice/uk-storm-centre/index. dead.
15. Web site: 3 September 2022. Nome para as tempestades de A a Z – Época 2022–2023. 3 September 2022. Ipma.pt. 2 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220902232045/https://www.ipma.pt/pt/media/noticias/imagens/2022/Epoca_nomeacao_tempestades_2022_23.png. dead.
16. Web site: Sabir . Amit . 4 September 2022 . ?אז איך יקראו לסערה הבאה . 6 November 2022 . Israel Meteorological Service . he . So what will the next storm be called? .
17. Web site: Storm naming (Denominazione delle tempeste) . Meteo Aeronautica . 17 September 2022 . 20 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171938/http://www.meteoam.it/storm-naming . dead .
18. Web site: de . Analyse surface 2022-09-15 00 UTC . . 15 September 2022 . . 17 September 2022 . 20 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163513/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20220915.gif . dead .
19. News: 8 September 2022 . NHC says hurricane Danielle weakens to a tropical storm . en . Reuters . 23 October 2022.
20. Web site: 15 September 2022 . Extratropical storm Danielle batters Portugal: floods, chaos and landslides . 23 October 2022 . Yourweather.co.uk Meteored . en-GB . 7 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007040058/https://www.yourweather.co.uk/news/trending/extratropical-storm-danielle-portugal-floods-landslides-severe-weather.html . dead .
21. Web site: 14 September 2022 . Portugal. Windstorm, hurricane Danielle. Flooded streets, fallen trees in Portugal. Flood water carried away the 32-year-old . 29 October 2022 . Polish News . en . 6 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221106162731/https://polishnews.co.uk/portugal-windstorm-hurricane-danielle-flooded-streets-fallen-trees-in-portugal-flood-water-carried-away-the-32-year-old/ . dead .
22. Web site: 15 September 2022 . Extratropical storm Danielle batters Portugal: floods, chaos and landslides . 27 October 2022 . Yourweather.co.uk Meteored . en-GB . 14 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221114082909/https://www.yourweather.co.uk/news/trending/extratropical-storm-danielle-portugal-floods-landslides-severe-weather.html . dead .
23. Web site: Portugal – Floods and Landslides Cause Severe Damage in Manteigas – FloodList . 23 October 2022 . floodlist.com . 7 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007022419/https://floodlist.com/europe/portugal-floods-manteigas-september-2022 . dead .
24. Web site: 12 September 2022 . Storm Danielle affecting the mainland, but will it hit Mallorca? . 23 October 2022 . Majorca Daily Bulletin . en . 7 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007052518/https://www.majorcadailybulletin.com/weather/weather/2022/09/12/105745/mallorca-weather-storm-danielle-affecting-the-mainland.html . dead .
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26. Web site: Analyse surface 16-10-2022. Free University of Berlin. Deutscher Wetterdienst. de. 18 September 2022. 16 September 2022. 20 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170553/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20220916.gif. dead.
27. Web site: Ritrovato il cadavere di Mattia, il bimbo disperso nell'alluvione delle Marche. Today. 23 September 2022. 24 September 2022. 23 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220923151116/http://www.today.it/cronaca/ritrovato-cadavere-mattia.html. dead.
28. Web site: Alluvione nelle Marche: recuperata l'11esima vittima. Continuano le ricerche dei 2 dispersi. Rai News. 16 September 2022. 19 September 2022. 20 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163435/https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2022/09/la-diretta---alluvione-marche-7-i-morti-ancora-dispero-bimbo-di-8-anni-travolto-con-la-madre-c8cd1de5-75b6-4d3c-b0d6-0cb4c91b0402.html. dead.
29. News: At least 10 dead as flash floods hit central Italy . Reuters . 16 September 2022 . Corvino . Cristiano .
30. Web site: Brunella Chiù dispersa da 22 giorni, ricerche disperate: non c'è traccia della mamma di Noemi. Corriere Adriatico. 7 October 2022. 10 October 2022. 10 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221010101328/https://www.corriereadriatico.it/AMP/ancona/barbara_brunella_chiu_dispersa_22_giorni_dopo_alluvione_ricerche_disperate-6974653.html. dead.
31. Web site: 21 September 2022 Analysis. met.fu-berlin.de. 23 October 2022. 23 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221023140341/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20220921.gif. dead.
32. Web site: Met Berline weather maps September 25, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220927072009/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20220925.gif. dead. 27 September 2022.
33. Web site: Greece Issues Weather Warning as 'Bogdan' May Develop into Medicane. 20 August 2023.
34. Web site: 30 September 2022 analysis. met.fu-berlin.de. 30 September 2022. 30 September 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220930150447/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20220930.gif. dead.
35. Web site: 6 October 2022 analysis. met.fu-berlin.de. 23 October 2022. 23 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221023140659/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20221006.gif. dead.
36. Web site: 10 October 2022 Analysis . Free University of Berlin . Deutscher Wetterdienst . 22 October 2022 . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022210850/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221010.gif . dead .
37. Web site: BKW/FU-Berlin . Deutscher Wetterdienst . 16 October 2022 . 16 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221016010012/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221007.gif . dead .
38. Web site: European Severe Weather Database . ESWD . European Severe Storms Laboratory . 16 October 2022 . 20 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172917/https://eswd.eu/ . dead .
39. Joyce . Elijah . ElijahWeather . 1581880096171864066 . 17 October 2022 . Here is my revised write-up about *The Impacts of European Windstorm Bettina*. #wxtwitter #StormBettina #Bettina #Windstorm #WindstormBettina #Iceland #ESSL #DWD https://t.co/vCO6DN4S2j . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221120005536/https://twitter.com/ElijahWeather/status/1581880096171864066 . 20 November 2022 . live.
40. Web site: Ríflega 100 viðskiptavinir Rariks enn án rafmagns . 16 October 2022 . 16 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221016054211/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2022/10/10/riflega_100_vidskiptavinir_rariks_enn_an_rafmagns/ . dead .
41. Web site: European Windstorm Bettina (Storm Bettina) . 20 November 2022 . Elijah Joyce . 20 November 2022 . 20 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221120062402/https://weatherresearching.wordpress.com/storm-bettina/ . dead .
42. Web site: Analyse surface 15-10-2022. de. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 15 October 2022. 15 November 2022. 15 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221115024920/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221015.gif. dead.
43. Djpuco. 1582342914461818885. The year of "maritime derechos" continues, this time featuring the Northern and the Baltic Sea.
44. Web site: 28 October 2015 . Tiefdruckgebiete 2022 . 21 October 2022 . www.wetterpate.de . de . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021185326/https://www.wetterpate.de/namenslisten/tiefdruckgebiete/tief2022/index.html . dead .
45. Web site: Ranta . Juhis . 17 October 2022 . Katso kuva Syysmyrsky kaatoi puun saunarakennuksen päälle yöllä Ruokolahdella – Iso kuusi irtosi maasta juurineen . 21 October 2022 . Uutisvuoksi . fi . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021185323/https://www.uutisvuoksi.fi/paikalliset/5420694 . dead .
46. Web site: Ööpäeva operatiivinfo – Uudised . 21 October 2022 . Päästeamet . 17 October 2022 . et . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021185338/https://www.rescue.ee/et/uudised/oeoepaeeva-operatiivinfo-0bea76-1603 . dead .
47. Web site: European Severe Weather Database . 21 October 2022 . eswd.eu . 15 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200815123540/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi . dead .
48. Pucik . Tomas . Djpuco . 1582343396756459521 . 18 October 2022 . Two tornadoes were reported from Norway as well. The derecho was connected with a passage of a sharp and fast-moving trough. It formed in the environment of marginal CAPE, but rather steep lapse rates at low levels and mean 1–3 km flow between 15 and 25 m/s. 2/2 . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207133220/https://twitter.com/djpuco/status/1582343396756459521 . 7 December 2022 . live.
49. Web site: Deutscher Wetterdienst . Free University of Berlin . 21 October 2022 . 10 November 2022 . Analyse surface 21-10-2022 . de . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023141003/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20221021.gif . dead .
50. Web site: 20 October 2022 Analysis. wetterpate.de. 29 October 2022. 29 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221029230959/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221020.gif. dead.
51. Web site: Storm Armand causes flooding and fallen trees . portugal resident . 19 October 2022 . 19 October 2022 . 19 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019155131/https://www.portugalresident.com/storm-armand-causes-flooding-and-fallen-trees/ . dead .
52. Web site: BWK/FU-Berlin. wetterpate.de. 21 October 2022. 21 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221021090215/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221021.gif. dead.
53. Web site: Weather Ireland: Wet and windy weather here until the evening, Met Éireann warns . 20 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . 21 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221021090341/https://www.independent.ie/news/environment/weather-ireland-wet-and-windy-weather-here-until-the-evening-met-eireann-warns-42083638.html . dead .
54. Web site: Gusts, 1h, observations Languedoc-Roussillon from 10/21/2022, 01:00am . 15 January 2023 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230115012603/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/languedoc-roussillon/gusts/20221021-0000z.html . dead .
55. Web site: Wetter analysis. met.fu-berlin.de. 22 October 2022. 22 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221022081543/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20221022.gif. dead.
56. Graça . Alfredo . alfredomgraca95 . 1584120634191548416 . 23 October 2022 . ️ 23/10/2022 10:27 Porto Wow! Heavy #rain ️ discharged by very active fronts, thrown towards Portugal by the powerful storm #Béatrice . The atmospheric river 〰️ is undeniable: permanently cloudy skies ☁️, humidity and water vapour in abundance ️. https://t.co/s2dTp94CEv . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023170023/https://twitter.com/alfredomgraca95/status/1584120634191548416 . 23 October 2022 . live.
57. Earth42morrow . Earth42morrow . 1584145505252044800 . 23 October 2022 . Crazy Winds and heavy rains hit Badajoz, Spain #Spain #Badajoz #Storm #Rains #Beatrice #Naturaleza #AlertaNaranja #Porriño #Extremadura #Climate #Weather #Viral https://t.co/h3QW2DvWuv . en . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221208011724/https://twitter.com/Earth42morrow/status/1584145505252044800 . 8 December 2022 . live.
58. Web site: European Severe Weather Database. eswd.eu. 21 October 2022. 15 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200815123540/https://eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi. dead.
59. Web site: UK weather: Thunderstorm warning as England and Wales brace for possible flooding . Sky News . 23 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022223437/https://news.sky.com/story/england-and-wales-braced-for-flooding-and-thunderstorms-after-yellow-weather-warning-12727369 . dead .
60. Web site: Peter Andre's house "struck by lightning" as thunderstorms batter southern England . Sky News . 24 October 2022 . 24 October 2022 . 24 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221024115418/https://news.sky.com/story/peter-andres-house-struck-by-lightning-as-thunderstorms-batter-southern-england-12729032 . dead .
61. Web site: Coleman . Liam . Thunderstorms strike across London with "Macbethish" weather . Metro . 24 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023224157/https://metro.co.uk/2022/10/23/thunderstorms-strike-across-london-with-macbethish-weather-17620267/ . dead .
62. Web site: Burnett . Tom . Heathrow Airport flight disruption due to thunderstorms and rain in the area . Berkshire Live . 24 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . 23 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221023192251/https://www.getreading.co.uk/news/reading-berkshire-news/live-updates-heathrow-airport-flight-25336149 . dead .
63. Web site: de. Analyse surface 27-10-2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. 27 October 2022. Free University of Berlin. 28 October 2022. 28 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221028062559/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221027.gif. dead.
64. Web site: Analyse surface 31-10-2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 31 October 2022. de. 31 October 2022. 31 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221031094112/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221031.gif. dead.
65. Web site: 31 October 2022 . Areas of Brittany and Normandy under alert tonight for violent winds . 2 November 2022 . The Connexion . 2 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221102081819/https://www.connexionfrance.com/article/French-news/Areas-of-Brittany-and-Normandy-under-alert-tonight-for-violent-winds . dead .
66. Web site: 31 October 2022 . Warnings issued with wind and rain to come . 1 November 2022 . Met Office . en . 31 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221031184853/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2022/warnings-issued-with-wind-and-rain-to-come . dead .
67. Web site: 1 November 2022 . Winds of more than 100mph recorded in south during Storm Claudio . 1 November 2022 . ITV News . en . 1 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101121949/https://www.itv.com/news/meridian/2022-11-01/winds-of-more-than-100mph-recorded-in-south-during-storm-claudio . dead .
68. Web site: 1 November 2022 . Rail disruption after flying trampoline gets stuck under train . 1 November 2022 . The Argus . en . 1 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101082338/https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/23091951.rail-disruption-due-trampoline-track-near-worthing/ . dead .
69. Web site: 1 November 2022 . Drone footage of Brighton's West Pier during Storm Claudio . 1 November 2022 . The Argus . 1 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221101173803/theargus.co.uk/news/23093435 . dead .
70. Web site: 3 November 2022 . Giant orbs blown down by Storm Claudio bounce along London street . 4 November 2022 . Sky News . en . 3 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103232917/https://news.sky.com/story/giant-christmas-baubles-blown-down-by-storm-claudio-bounce-along-london-street-12736338 . dead .
71. Web site: Sea level pressure QFF, observations England from 10/31/2022, 10:00pm . 7 January 2023 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 7 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230107174410/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/england/pressure-qff/20221031-2200z.html . dead .
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75. Web site: Needles Old Battery (Isle of Wight) Observations . 7 January 2023 . Met Office . en . 30 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221130204725/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/specialist-forecasts/coast-and-sea/observations/99017 . dead .
76. Web site: Personal Weather Station Dashboard Weather Underground . 7 January 2023 . www.wunderground.com . 9 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230309154907/https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/IEASTPRA2/graph/2022-10-31/2022-10-31/daily . dead .
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85. Web site: de. Analyse surface 04-11-2022. 4 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 4 November 2022. 4 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221104085352/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221104.gif. dead.
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90. Web site: de. Analyse surface 10-11-2022. 10 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 10 November 2022. 10 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221110134517/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221110.gif. live.
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93. Web site: de. Analyse surface 18-11-2022. 18 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 18 November 2022. 18 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221118152728/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221118.gif. dead.
94. Web site: 18 November 2022 . Search for woman swept into river "stood down" as heavy rain batters Scotland . 19 November 2022 . the Guardian . en . 19 November 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221119020645/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/18/flooding-shuts-schools-and-disrupts-travel-after-heavy-rain-in-scotland . dead .
95. News: 17 November 2022 . UK weather: Rain warnings as flooding hits roads and rail . en-GB . BBC News . 19 November 2022.
96. Web site: de. Analyse surface 19-11-2022. 19 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 19 November 2022. 9 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230109151816/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221119.gif. dead.
97. Web site: de. Analyse surface 24-11-2022. 24 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 25 November 2022. 25 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221125141145/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221124.gif. dead.
98. Web site: 21 November 2022. Storm Denise hits Mallorca with 100 kilometre per hour wind. 16 January 2023. Majorca Daily Bulletin. en. 24 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230124220956/https://www.majorcadailybulletin.com/news/local/2022/11/21/108003/mallorca-hit-storm-denise-with-100-kilometre-per-hour-wind.html. dead.
99. Web site: de. Analyse surface 22-11-2022. 22 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 25 November 2022. 25 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221125141139/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221122.gif. dead.
100. Web site: Frana Casamicciola: sono tre le vittime individuate, due uomini e una donna. Rai News 24. it. 1 December 2022. 22 May 2023.
101. News: Storm Denise hits Mallorca with 100 kilometre per hour wind. Carter. Humphrey. 21 November 2022. Palma. Majorca Daily Bulletin.
102. Web site: Italy – Floods and Storm Surge Prompt Rescues and Evacuations. Richard. Davies. 23 November 2022. 27 November 2022. floodlist.com. 26 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221126230915/https://floodlist.com/europe/italy-storm-denise-floods-november-2022. dead.
103. Web site: de. Analyse surface 23-11-2022. 23 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 25 November 2022. 25 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221125141140/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221123.gif. dead.
104. Web site: de. Analyse surface 22-11-2022. 25 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 26 November 2022. 26 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221126100343/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221125.gif. dead.
105. Web site: de. Analyse surface 26-11-2022. 26 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 26 November 2022. 26 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221126100404/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221126.gif. dead.
106. Web site: de. Analyse surface 27-11-2022. 27 November 2022. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Free University of Berlin. 27 November 2022. 27 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221127104217/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221127.gif. dead.
107. Web site: Tregua del maltempo ma si contano i danni, 2 morti in Campania. Rai News. 24 November 2022. 29 November 2022. 29 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221129043451/https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2022/11/tregua-del-maltempo-ma-si-contano-i-danni-2-morti-in-campania-gli-incidenti-folgorato-travolta-da-onda-a258d9bb-b871-4d06-9897-9045cc2e28d6.html. dead.
108. Web site: Trovata la dodicesima vittima a Ischia, l'ultima dispersa era una donna di 31 anni. Agenzia Italiama. 6 December 2022. 1 February 2023. 29 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221229064827/https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2022-12-06/frana-ischia-dispesi-fango-vittime-19089141/. dead.
109. Web site: Frana a Ischia, news. Recuperati i corpi di altri tre dispersi. LIVE. Sky News 24. Italian. 1 December 2022. 1 December 2022. 1 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221201150039/https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2022/12/01/ischia-frana-ultime-news/amp. dead.
110. Web site: Italy landslide: Rescuers search for missing people on Ischia island. 27 November 2022. 27 November 2022. bbc.com. 27 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221127135344/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-63773421. dead.
111. Web site: Analyse surface 30-11-2022. German. 30 November 2022. 30 November 2022. Free University of Berlin. Deutscher Wetterdienst. 30 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221130115133/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221130.gif. dead.
112. Web site: Έκτακτο δελτίο επικίνδυνων καιρικών φαινομένων – Πού και πότε θα χτυπήσει η κακοκαιρία ARIEL. Greek. www.in.gr. 29 November 2022. 30 November 2022. 30 November 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221130043821/https://www.in.gr/2022/11/29/greece/ektakto-deltio-epideinosis-tou-kairou-pou-kai-pote-tha-xtypisei-kakokairia-ariel/. dead.
113. Web site: Storm Ariel causes power cuts in Thessaloniki, closes Skopelos schools. 1 December 2022. 2 December 2022. ekathimerini.com. English. 2 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221202063228/https://www.ekathimerini.com/news/1199220/. dead.
114. Web site: Analyse surface 02-12-2022. Free University of Berlin. Deutscher Wetterdienst. de. 2 December 2022. 8 December 2022.
115. Web site: Analyse surface 10-12-2022. German. 10 December 2022. 10 December 2022. Free University of Berlin. Deutscher Wetterdienst. 10 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221210162631/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221210.gif. dead.
116. Web site: es . Borrasca Efraín . Meteorologica En Red . 13 December 2022 . 22 December 2022 . 22 December 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221222185454/https://www.meteorologiaenred.com/borrasca-efrain.html . dead .
117. Web site: fr . La tempête Efrain provoque des inondations en Espagne et au Portugal . www.catnat.net . 12 December 2022 . 22 December 2022.
118. News: fr . Pluie, vent, la tempête Efraín souffle sur l'Andalousie . Le Petit journal (Andalousie) . 13 December 2022 . 22 December 2022.
119. Web site: es . Borrasca Efrain . Estudios e impactos . 2022 . Agencia Estatal de Meteorología . 17 January 2023 . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117144243/https://www.aemet.es/es/web/conocermas/borrascas/2022-2023/estudios_e_impactos/efrain . dead .
120. Web site: La borrasca Efraín provoca inundaciones y parones en el transporte en Portugal y España. Spanish. Euronews. 14 December 2022. 17 December 2022. 16 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221216164253/http://es.euronews.com/2022/12/14/la-borrasca-efrain-provoca-inundaciones-y-parones-en-el-transporte-en-portugal-y-espana. dead.
121. Web site: Residents told to stay home as heavy rain, floods batter Portugal. 13 December 2022. 17 December 2022. English. Reuters. 15 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221215131300/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/heavy-rain-floods-batter-lisbon-residents-urged-stay-home-2022-12-13/. dead.
122. News: es . Santiago Martin Martinez . Agence France-Presse . La borrasca Efraín provoca inundaciones y parones en el transporte en Portugal y España . . 14 December 2022 . 22 December 2022.
123. News: en . Sergio Goncalves . Catarina Demony . Residents told to stay home as heavy rain, floods batter Portugal . 13 December 2022. 22 December 2022 . Reuters.
124. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 14 December 2022 . . Free University of Berlin . 22 December 2022 . 4 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230204190840/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20221214.gif . dead .
125. News: fr . Agence France-Presse . Neige et verglas : Trois personnes décédées en Bourgogne . 13 December 2022 . . 18 January 2023.
126. Web site: Analyse surface 15-12-22. German. Free University of Berlin. Deutscher Wetterdienst. 15 December 2022. 15 December 2022. 15 December 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221215131220/https://page.met.fu-berlin.de/wetterpate/static/archiv/2022/Analyse_20221215.gif. dead.
127. Web site: Kouremenos . Achilleas . 11 December 2022 . Meeting at Climate Crisis and Civil Protection Ministry on "Gaia" Weather System . 11 December 2022 . The National Herald . en-US.
128. AEMET . AEMET . AEMET_Esp . 1614245292366233600 . 14 January 2023 . ⚠️#AvisoEspecialAEMET. La #BorrascaFien, sexta de gran impacto la temporada, dará lugar a un temporal marítimo, y de viento y nieve a partir del lunes. Esperamos olas de 6 a 8 metros, rachas de más de 80 km/h y, sobre todo a partir del miércoles, nevadas en cotas bajas. https://t.co/nbBVuMcL33 . ⚠️ #AvisoSpecialAEMET. The #BorrascaFien, the sixth high-impact of the season, will give rise to a sea storm, and wind and snow storms starting Monday. We expect waves of 6 to 8 meters, gusts of more than 80 km/h and, especially from Wednesday, snowfall at low levels. . es . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230114191147/https://twitter.com/AEMET_Esp/status/1614245292366233600 . 14 January 2023 . live.
129. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 15 January 2023 . . Free University of Berlin . 15 January 2023 . 15 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230115201655/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20230115.gif . dead .
130. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 17 January 2023 . . Free University of Berlin . 18 January 2023 . 2 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202044357/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20230117.gif . dead .
131. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 19 January 2023 . . Free University of Berlin . 19 January 2023 . 2 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230202044401/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20230119.gif . dead .
132. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 20 January 2023 . . Free University of Berlin . 19 January 2023 . 20 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230120171125/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20230120.gif . dead .
133. AEMET . AEMET . AEMET_Esp . 1614389654173671430 . 14 January 2023 . 14/01 23:31 #AEMET #FMA nivel naranja por viento y/o costeros para mañana en Galicia. Imagen en vigor a las 23:31 (tabla actualizada haciendo CLIC EN LA IMAGEN), o visite https://t.co/3ce1BF7jDj https://t.co/AevIkKTmTs . 01/14 23:31 #AEMET #FMA orange level due to wind and/or coastal for tomorrow in Galicia. Image in effect at 23:31 (table updated by CLICKING ON THE IMAGE), or visit . es . 15 January 2023.
134. News: fr . . Tempête Fien : des vents jusqu'à 150 km/h et des chutes d'arbres dans le sud-ouest de la France . . 17 January 2023 . 18 January 2023.
135. News: fr . La tempête Fien provoque des dégâts à Barcelone . Equinox Magazine . 17 January 2023 . 1 February 2023.
136. Web site: Tempête Gérard : 75 000 clients privés d'électricité dans l'ouest de la France à cause des vents violents. midilibre.fr. French. 16 January 2023. 16 January 2023. 16 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230116080949/https://www.midilibre.fr/2023/01/16/tempete-gerard-75-000-clients-prives-delectricite-dans-louest-de-la-france-a-cause-des-vents-violents-10928889.php. dead.
137. Web site: 2 October 2019 . Aktion Wetterpate . 16 January 2023 . www.wetterpate.de . de . 16 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230116010321/https://www.wetterpate.de/ . dead .
138. Web site: Cold Arctic air and two European storms, Gerard and Fien, add to a wintry week. 16 January 2023. www.netweather.tv. en. 15 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230115232630/https://www.netweather.tv/weather-forecasts/news/11800-cold-arctic-air-and-two-european-storms-gerard-and-fien-add-to-a-wintry-week. dead.
139. Web site: Weather warnings for Paris and northern France as Storm Gérard batters country. thelocal.fr. 16 January 2023. 16 January 2023. 16 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230116121801/https://www.thelocal.fr/20230116/weather-warnings-for-paris-and-northern-france-as-storm-gerard-batters-country/. dead.
140. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Carteret (50) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117123700/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7034 . dead .
141. Web site: Meteociel – Archives de la pression atmosphérique observée en France . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131916/https://www.meteociel.fr/observations-meteo/pression.php?archive=1&heure=9&jour=16&mois=01&annee=2023&mode= . dead .
142. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Pointe du Raz (29) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131921/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7103 . dead .
143. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Ile de Groix (56) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131920/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7203 . dead .
144. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Le Talut – Belle-Ile (56) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131918/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7207 . dead .
145. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Pointe du Roc – Granville (50) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131919/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7133 . dead .
146. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Vigie du Homet (50) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131914/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7022 . dead .
147. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Pointe de Chemoulin (44) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131923/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7216 . dead .
148. Web site: Meteociel – Observations Ouessant (29) – données météo de la station – Tableaux horaires en temps réel . 17 January 2023 . www.meteociel.fr . 17 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230117131919/https://www.meteociel.fr/temps-reel/obs_villes.php?jour2=16&mois2=0&annee2=2023&code2=7100 . dead .
149. Web site: @Meteofrance . #Tempête #Hannelore officiellement nommée. ❄️Chutes de #neige notables (départements en #vigilanceorange #neigeverglas) et coup de vent d'ouest au sud de la Garonne (rafales 80 à 90 km/h, loc 100 km/h sur côtes Aquitaine). Fort coup de vent en Méditerranée demain. . Twitter . Météo-France . 24 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230124192954/https://twitter.com/meteofrance/status/1616046649842753538 . 24 January 2023 . 19 January 2023 . live .
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155. Web site: es . Borrasca Hannelore . 2023 . AEMET . 2023-03-09. .
156. News: es . EFE . La borrasca Hannelore dejará este fin de semana temperaturas de hasta 10 grados bajo cero: "Serán los días más crudos del invierno" . 20 Minutos . January 20, 2023 . January 20, 2023.
157. News: fr . Mégane Chêne . Vents violents, grand froid, avalanches : 72 départements en alerte . L'Indépendant . January 22, 2023 . January 23, 2023. .
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161. News: 1 dies, 1 injured in scaffolding collapse in Ashdod. The Jerusalem Post Jpost.com .
162. Web site: Turkey-Syria earthquake: Storms and freezing temperatures hamper rescue efforts. uk.news.yahoo.com. 7 February 2023. 7 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230207233548/https://uk.news.yahoo.com/turkey-syria-earthquake-storms-freezing-164400473.html. dead.
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165. Web site: Storm Naming, Denominazione delle tempeste Meteo Aeronautica Militare. meteoam.it. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209083247/https://www.meteoam.it/it/storm-naming. dead.
166. Web site: Very strong winds forecast for Thursday as Storm Helios hits Malta. The Malta Independent. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209091537/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2023-02-08/local-news/Very-strong-winds-forecast-for-Thursday-as-Storm-Helios-hits-Malta-6736249508. dead.
167. Web site: Storm Helios Has Officially Hit The Maltese Islands As Yellow Warning Issued. Sasha. Vella. 8 February 2023. 9 February 2023. 9 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230209091537/https://lovinmalta.com/news/weather/storm-helios-has-officially-hit-the-maltese-islands-as-yellow-warning-issued/. dead.
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169. News: Magri . Giulia . 17th-century Għajn Tuffieha tower damaged in storm . . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210134047/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/17th-century-ghajn-tuffieha-tower-damaged-storm.1012869 . 10 February 2023.
170. News: Malta clears up storm damage as Helios moves towards Libya . . 10 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210144730/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/malta-clears-storm-damage.1012812 . 10 February 2023.
171. Web site: Malta had wettest February day on record when Storm Helios hit . 11 February 2023 . 14 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214181127/https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/malta-wettest-february-day-record-storm-helios-hit.1012944 . dead .
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174. Web site: Gusts, 1h, observations Scotland from 02/17/2023, 04:00am . 2023-02-17 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 17 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230217135722/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/9bf9b6df2472b53b5595bbf4f65d059f/gusts/20230217-0400z.html . dead .
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176. News: Power cuts and schools closed as Storm Otto hits. 17 February 2023. 25 February 2023. BBC. English.
177. MetOffice . 1626170224906043394 . 16 February 2023 .
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179. News: 16 February 2023 . Powerful storm bearing down on Denmark . CPH Post . 16 February 2023.
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186. Web site: Gusts, 1h, observations Rogaland from 02/17/2023, 03:00pm . 2023-02-18 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218210930/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/rogaland/gusts/20230217-1500z.html . dead .
187. Web site: Gusts, 1h, observations Lower Saxony from 02/17/2023, 07:00pm . 2023-02-18 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218210933/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/lower-saxony/gusts/20230217-1900z.html . dead .
188. Web site: Gusts, 1h, observations Vest-Agder from 02/17/2023, 03:00pm . 2023-02-18 . Meteologix – bookmark this page . en . 18 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230218210936/https://meteologix.com/uk/observations/vest-agder/gusts/20230217-1500z.html . dead .
189. Web site: Windy.app – Live wind map & weather forecast. WINDY.APP.
190. Web site: Analyse_20230227 . Free University of Berlin . .GIF . 28 February 2023 . 28 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230228162129/https://www.met.fu-berlin.de/de/wetter/maps/Analyse_20230227.gif . dead .
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193. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 2023-03-07 . . . 2023-03-07.
194. Web site: es . Borrasca Larisa . 2023 . AEMet . 2023-03-17.
195. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 2023-03-11 . . . 2023-03-11. .
196. Web site: de . Analyse surface 0 UTC . 2023-03-14 . . . 2023-03-15. .
197. News: fr . La tempête Larisa va s'abattre sur la France : les 11 départements en vigilance orange . Femme Actuelle . 2023-03-10 . 2023-03-10.
198. News: fr . Tempête Larisa : des rafales de vent jusqu'à 150 km/h, des records déjà enregistrés . L'Indépendant . 10 March 2023 . 10 March 2023.
199. Web site: fr . Tempête Larisa du 10 mars 2023 . Actualités brèves . 10 March 2023 . Keraunos . 2023-03-10.
200. News: fr . VIDÉO – Vents violents : la tempête Larisa frappe la France . TF1 Info . 2023-03-10 . 10 March 2023.
201. News: fr . Romane Idres . Tempête Larisa : deux personnes gravement blessées près d'Amiens après la chute d'un mur . France 3 . 10 March 2023 . 10 March 2023. .
202. Keraunos . Keraunos . KeraunosObs . 1634137626440597506 . 10 March 2023 . L'air froid qui résiste outre-Manche . 2023-02-10 . fr . .
203. News: en . Jamie Grierson . Mark Brown . UK weather: Storm Larisa batters country with motorists stranded overnight . The Guardian . 10 March 2023 . 10 March 2023.
204. News: en . Snow and ice disrupt schools, roads and trains in Wales . BBC News . 2023-03-10 . 10 March 2023.
205. News: en . Shauna Bower . Vivienne Clark . Marc Hilliard . Freya McClements . Ireland weather: New ice warning issued amid 'very hazardous' road conditions . The Irish Times . 10 March 2023 . 10 March 2023.
206. Web site: Storm Larisa: Why it's happening and what it means for Notts . 10 March 2023 .
207. News: Pictured: Winter wonderland in March as snow piles up across Britain . The Telegraph . 8 March 2023 .
208. News: en . Icy roads and snow: Code orange still in effect in south, code yellow everywhere else . NL Times . 8 March 2023 . 11 March 2023.
209. 1641530873009807379. metoffice. ☔ A wet and windy morning for England and Wales as #StormMathis (named by Météo-France) pushes eastwards. Met Office. 2023-03-30. 2023-04-14.
210. News: 31 March 2023 . Storm update: Man killed by falling tree in north France . . 14 March 2023.
211. News: Storm Mathis: hundreds of power outages reported in Cornwall. BBC News . 31 March 2023.
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213. 1646029804410486786. VigiMeteoFrance. La #tempêteNoa a été nommée. Cet après-midi et ce soir des vents violents se produiront près de la Manche, jusqu'à 120 km/h au littoral. 3 départements en #VigilanceOrange. Dans l'intérieur des terres de puissantes bourrasques sont possibles au passage d'averses musclées.. VigiMétéoFrance. 2023-04-12. 2023-04-14.
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215. News: 13 April 2023 . Body found washed up on beach near Brighton after search during Storm Noa . . 14 April 2023.
216. News: Huge waves pound the Cornwall coast . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-04-24.
217. Web site: Very strong winds continue to affect southern and western coasts this afternoon . 2023-04-12 . Twitter . en.
218. Web site: Weather Conditions at NCI Gwennap Head National Coastwatch Institution . 2023-04-12 . www.nci.org.uk.
219. Web site: Weather – NCI Prawle Point . 2023-04-12 . en-GB.
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222. Web site: Emilia Romagna in ginocchio, in 27mila senza elettricità . it . 18 May 2023 . 18 May 2023 . Agenzia Italia .
223. MeteoMotorsport . MeteoMotorsport . 17 May 2023 . 16 May 2023 . 1658526023946731522 . The weather system that is bringing severe weather and torrential rainfall to the Emilia Romagna region of Italy has been named Storm Minerva by the Operational Center for Meteorology (CNMCA) of the Italian Air Force (ITAF-MET). #StormMinerva #TempestaMinerva #F1 .
224. 1658472597523406852. metoffice. There's some fine weather across the UK today, but it's more unsettled near the Mediterranean Storm Minerva is bringing frequent thunderstorms, which are set to continue for the next few days The crosses on the image below show recent lightning strikes in the area ⚡. 16 May 2023. 17 May 2023.
225. Web site: Europe Weather Analysis for 15 May 2023 . Deutsche Wetterdienst (Free University of Berlin) . 17 May 2023.
226. Web site: 19 May 2023 . Alluvione Emilia Romagna, le vittime salgono a 14. Riaperta l'A14 Faenza-Forlì, si transita su una corsia . TGCom24.
227. 1658789157936693248. AlphaTauriF1. Team message following the heavy rainstorm that hit the city of Faenza and the Emilia-Romagna region https://t.co/uzV1V84cgF. Scuderia AlphaTauri. 17 May 2023.
228. News: Povoledo . Elisabetta . 17 May 2023 . 'Catastrophic' Floods in Italy Leave 8 Dead and Thousands Homeless . The New York Times . 17 May 2023.
229. Web site: it . I morti per il maltempo in Emilia-Romagna salgono a 9. I titolari di un'impresa agricola, un anziano, una donna tedesca: chi erano le vittime. . 17 May 2023 . 17 May 2023 . Corriere della Sera.
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231. News: The Guardian . 17 May 2023 . 17 May 2023 . F1 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix cancelled due to flooding in northern Italy . Richards . Giles.
232. Web site: Update on the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix at Imola. Formula One. 17 May 2023. 17 May 2023.
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234. Web site: Maltempo in Calabria, pioggia e raffiche di vento: Albero cade e uccide un uomo . 20 May 2023 .
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238. Web site: Dagoverzichten van het verleden weer van KNMI weerstations in Nederland. www.wetterzentrale.de. 20 August 2023.
239. Web site: Vrouw (51) uit Haarlem overleden nadat boom op auto valt tijdens storm Poly . 2023-07-05 . Dutch.
240. Web site: Sturmtief "Poly": Bahnverkehr stabilisiert sich nach Unwetter . 2023-07-06 . German.
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243. News: July 5, 2023 . Rare, potent summer windstorm turns deadly in Netherlands and Germany . January 15, 2024 . AccuWeather.
244. Web site: NDR . Sturmtief "Poly": Bahnverkehr stabilisiert sich nach Unwetter . 2024-01-15 . www.ndr.de . de.
245. Web site: Sanou . Hanneke . 2023-07-06 . Damage done by Poly estimated at €50-100m but could be higher . 2024-01-15 . DutchNews.nl . en-GB.
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248. News: Barton . Alex . 2023-08-05 . Storm Antoni to lash Britain with torrential rain and 55mph winds . en-GB . The Telegraph . 2023-08-05 . 0307-1235.
249. News: 2023-08-05 . Storm Antoni: Danger to life warning as strong winds and heavy rain hits UK . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-08-05.
250. Web site: Europe Weather Analysis for 5 August 2023 . Deutscher Wetterdienst (Free University of Berlin) . 5 August 2023.
251. Web site: Stay inside as dangerous stormy weather lashes northern Europe, officials say 2 people have died. Associated Press. 8 August 2023.
252. Web site: Engen . Runa Victoria . To uvær slo seg sammen: Slik ble ekstremværet "Hans" til . www.vg.no . nb . 10 August 2023.
253. Web site: Stay inside as dangerous stormy weather lashes northern Europe, officials say. 2 people have died. 8 August 2023. AP News. 20 August 2023.
254. Web site: Hågensen . Kristina . 9 August 2023 . Vann trenger inn i kraftverk på Braskereidfoss . 20 August 2023 . NRK.
255. Web site: Noorse Hamar laat ijsbaan onderlopen vanwege stijgend water in meer. 10 August 2023. nos.nl. 20 August 2023.
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257. News: Storm Betty: Very strong winds and heavy rain hit UK. 18 August 2023. 20 August 2023. www.bbc.co.uk.
258. Web site: Storm Betty leaves tens of thousands without power as winds and rain batter UK . . 19 August 2023 .
259. Web site: . Some very strong Mistral winds are likely across parts of France and Italy in association with a deep low, which the Italian Met Service have named Storm #Rea Ahead of this, severe thunderstorms will affect parts of southern and eastern Europe . . . 1 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230901163954/https://twitter.com/metoffice/status/1695768371550454089 . 1 September 2023 . 27 August 2023 . ... association with a deep low, which the Italian Met Service have named Storm #Rea. . live.
260. Web site: Libya Assistance Overview, April 2024 . ReliefWeb . 17 April 2024 . USAID . 2 May 2024.
261. Web site: Extreme flooding caused by Storm Daniel devastates Greece . Financial Times . 8 September 2023 . 12 September 2023 .
262. Web site: Alec Moustris . John Petrou . meteo.gr: Κακοκαιρία Daniel: Καταρρίφθηκε το ρεκόρ ημερήσιου ύψους βροχής στη χώρα μας . meteo.gr . 5 September 2023 . EL.
263. Web site: Alec Moustris . John Petrou . meteo.gr: Αποτίμηση της κακοκαιρίας DANIEL, μέρος 2ο: Πολύ μεγαλύτερα ύψη βροχόπτωσης στη Θεσσαλία σε σχέση με το Μεσογειακό Κυκλώνα Ιανό του 2020 . meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα . 11 September 2023 . EL.
264. Web site: Robert Shackelford . Chris Liakos . Louise McLoughlin . Hande Atay Alam . At least 14 killed as fierce storms and severe flooding lash southern Europe . CNN . 11 September 2023 . en . 6 September 2023.
265. News: Streets turn to rivers in Bulgaria . BBC News . 11 September 2023.
266. Web site: Bulgaria: Two People Died in the floods in Tsarevo, Two more are Missing - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency . www.novinite.com . 11 September 2023.
267. Web site: Presse . Agence-France . Hundreds of people rescued from flooded villages in Greece . The Guardian . 11 September 2023 . 9 September 2023.
268. Web site: Petrou . John . Alec . Moustris . meteo.gr: Πρωτοφανείς πλημμύρες στον κάμπο της Θεσσαλίας - Δορυφορική απεικόνιση . meteo.gr - Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα . 11 September 2023 . EL.
269. Web site: Hamdi Alkhshali . Mostafa Salem . 'Catastrophic' flooding hits Libya as dam collapse washes neighborhoods into sea, say officials . CNN . 12 September 2023 . en . 11 September 2023.
270. News: live . Libya floods: Number of deaths in Derna could reach 20,000, mayor says . 14 September 2023 . 14 September 2023 . Sky News . 14 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230914105531/https://news.sky.com/story/libya-floods-number-of-deaths-in-derna-could-reach-20-000-mayor-says-12960801 .
271. Web site: Libya declares emergency as Storm Daniel kills 150 . BBC News . 11 September 2023 . 11 September 2023.
272. Web site: Dafis . Stavros . Storm #Elias in Greece has produced very large and damaging hail, heavy rainfall and landslides . . @medcyclones . 25 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230925182454/https://twitter.com/medcyclones/status/1706357376016638319 . 25 September 2023 . English . . 25 September 2023 . live.
273. Web site: Εύβοια: Νεκρός ο πιλότος του ελικοπτέρου που κατέπεσε. Evia: The pilot of the helicopter that crashed is dead. el. 29 September 2023. 29 September 2023. dnews.gr.
274. Web site: Greece hit by several months of rain in a day, just weeks after storm killed 17 . CNN . 28 September 2023 . 1 October 2023 . 28 September 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230928173211/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/28/europe/greece-storm-elias-intl-scn-hnk/index.html . live .
275. Web site: İstanbul'da yağmur sonrası birçok yerde su taşkını yaşandı . evrensel.net . tr . 28 September 2023 .
276. Web site: Syria Storm Elias begins its impact on Latakia and Tartous tomorrow, warning of very heavy thunderstorms and high chances of flash floods . ArabiaWeather . 30 September 2023 .
277. Web site: Greece was hit by several months of rain in less than a day. Will it hit Lebanon too? . Ya Libnan . 30 September 2023 .
278. Web site: Storm Elias has caused widespread flooding in Greece . Copernicus.eu . 2 October 2023 .
279. News: fr . Oviedo . Alyssa McMurty . Espagne : Une violente tempête hivernale fait un mort . . 17 January 2023 . 1 February 2023.
280. Web site: 2023-08-07. Décès d'une baigneuse – Ouessant (29) – Préfecture maritime de l'Atlantique. www.premar-atlantique.gouv.fr.
281. Web site: 2023-08-07. Dépression Patricia. Noyade à Ouessant : une femme décède, ses deux fils sauvés par les secours. 3 August 2023 .
282. Web site: 2023-08-07. DISPARITION D'UN BAIGNEUR EN MER SECTEUR CANCALE (35) – Préfecture maritime de l'Atlantique.
283. Web site: Warnings of Spain, Italy and France storm as gales hit hotspots . 28 August 2023 .