2021 in politics explained

These are some of the notable events relating to politics in 2021.

January

• January 1
  • All works published in 1925, except for some sound recordings, are now in the public domain in the United States.^[1]
• January 6
  • 53 Hong Kong pro-democracy activists, former legislators, social workers and academics were arrested by the National Security Department of the Hong Kong Police Force under the national security law over their organisation and participation in the primaries for the subsequently postponed Legislative Council election, including six organisers and 47 participants, making it the largest crackdown under the national security law since its passage on 30June 2020. The police also raided 72 places including the home of jailed activist Joshua Wong, the offices of news outlets Apple Daily, Stand News and InMedia HK and polling institute Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute (PORI), and froze more than $200,000 in funds related to the primaries.^[2] These were the most prominent politicians in the opposition camp that had been arrested by the authorities.^[3]

March

• March 11
  • The 2021 Hong Kong electoral changes were initiated by the National People's Congress (NPC) on 11 March 2021 to "amend electoral rules and improve the electoral system" of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) for its Chief Executive (CE) and the Legislative Council (LegCo), in order to ensure a system in which only "patriots", according to the Chinese definition, govern Hong Kong. The reforms have been widely criticized for their negative impact on the democratic representation in the Hong Kong legislature.^[4]

April

• April 9 - Ouhoumoudou Mahamadou's government is formed in Niger.^[5]

October

• October 11
  • Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia Dmitry Medvedev published an article on Kommersant, in which he argued that Ukraine was a "vassal" of the West and that, therefore, it was pointless for the Russian Federation to attempt to dialogue with the Ukrainian authorities, whom he described as "weak", "ignorant" and "unreliable".^[6] The Kremlin later specified that Medvedev's article "runs in unison" with Russia's view of the current Ukrainian government.^[7]

November

• November 12
  • the Russian Defense Ministry described the deployment of the U.S. warships to the Black Sea as a "threat to regional security and strategic stability." The ministry said in a statement, "The real goal behind the U.S. activities in the Black Sea region is exploring the theatre of operations in case Kyiv attempts to settle the conflict in the southeast by force."^[8]
• November 13
  • On 13 November 2021, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced that Russia has again amassed 100,000 troops in the border area,^[9] higher than the U.S. assessment of about 70,000.^[10] In early November, reports of Russian military buildups prompted U.S. officials to warn the EU that Russia could be planning a potential invasion of Ukraine.^{[11] [12]}
• November 21
  • the head of the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, Kyrylo Budanov, said that Russia had concentrated more than 92,000 troops and Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems near the Ukrainian borders. Budanov said that Russia was behind the protests against vaccination against COVID-19 in Kyiv and other protest rallies in Ukraine to destabilize Ukraine and prepare for a large-scale military invasion.^[13] According to Budanov, active actions should be expected in late January – early February 2022.^{[14] [15]}

December

• December 1
  • Russia accused Ukraine of deploying half its army – about 125,000 troops – in Donbas to confront pro-Russian separatists.^[16] In November and December 2021, Kremlin officials claimed that Ukraine had violated the Minsk peace agreements.^[14] Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied any "unusual military activity" or a possible invasion of Ukraine,^[17] accused Ukraine of "planning aggressive actions against Donbas"^[18] and urged NATO to stop "concentrating a military fist" near Russia's borders and arming Ukraine with modern weapons.^[19] Putin criticized Ukraine for using Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2 drones against pro-Russian separatists in Donbas.^[20] Russia accused Ukraine of moving heavy artillery towards the front line where separatists are fighting with Ukrainian forces, and accused Ukraine of taking "provocations."^{[21] [22]}
• 3 December,
  • Minister of Defense of Ukraine Oleksii Reznikov, speaking to the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's national parliament), said: "There is a possibility of a large-scale escalation on the part of Russia. The most likely time to achieve readiness for escalation will be the end of January."^[23] In early December 2021, Janes analysis concluded that major elements of the Russian 41st Army (headquartered at Novosibirsk) and the 1st Guards Tank Army (normally deployed around Moscow) had been repositioned to the west, reinforcing the Russian 20th Guards and 8th Guards armies already positioned closer to the Ukrainian border. Additional Russian forces were reported to have moved into Crimea reinforcing Russian naval and ground units already deployed there.^[24]
• December 8
  • U.S. intelligence officials warned in December 2021 that Russia was planning a major military offensive into Ukraine in January 2022.^[25]
• December 19
  • The 2021 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was a general election held on 19 December 2021 for the 7th Legislative Council of Hong Kong.^[26] Under the drastic Beijing-imposed electoral overhaul, the total number of seats was increased from 70 to 90 seats, with the directly elected geographical constituencies (GCs) reduced from 35 to 20 seats, the trade-based indirectly elected functional constituencies (FCs) staying at 30, and the additional 40 seats being elected by the 1,500-member Election Committee.^{[27] [28] [29]}
• December 21
  • On 29 December 2021, Stand News, one of the few remaining pro-democracy media outlets in Hong Kong following the passage of the Hong Kong national security law in 2020, was raided by the National Security Department of the Hong Kong Police Force. Media executives and journalists were arrested on the charge of "conspiring to publish seditious publications" on a large scale.^[30] As a result of the raid, Stand News ceased operations, the organisation's website and social media became inactive, and all its employees were dismissed. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, along with leaders in Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and United States, condemned the raid.^[31]

See also

• List of elections in 2021

Notes and References

1. Web site: Copyright Breakdown: The Music Modernization Act Now See Hear!. Jenkins. Amanda. February 5, 2019. blogs.loc.gov. January 2, 2020.
2. News: Hong Kong Police Arrest Dozens of Pro-Democracy Leaders. Vivian. Wang. Austin. Ramzy. Tiffany. May. The New York Times. 5 January 2021. 23 January 2021. 21 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210121213502/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/world/asia/hong-kong-arrests-national-security-law.html. live.
3. Web site: Hong Kong Has Arrested Almost Everyone in the Political Opposition. Viola. Zhou. Vice. 6 January 2021. 7 January 2021. 28 April 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210428154025/https://www.vice.com/en/article/3an55v/hong-kong-has-arrested-almost-everyone-in-the-political-opposition?fbclid=IwAR2E0VdA3v71o9KeqdQRVSbaRTHbhqWbzNvVyE1FaFv_j_oM-dyrztgzcWk. live.
4. News: Improving Hong Kong's electoral system important for developing high-quality democracy. 7 March 2021. China Today.
5. Web site: Niger – Nouveau gouvernement : Mohamed Bazoum fait la part belle au PNDS – Jeune Afrique . 2022-08-12 . JeuneAfrique.com . fr-FR.
6. Web site: Medvedev. Dmitry. 11 October 2021. Почему бессмысленны контакты с нынешним украинским руководством. live. Kommersant. ru. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121083731/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5028300.
7. Web site: 11 October 2021. Russia Shouldn't Negotiate With 'Vassal' Ukraine, Ex-President Medvedev Says. live. The Moscow Times. en. 21 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220121164541/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/10/11/russia-shouldnt-negotiate-with-vassal-ukraine-ex-president-medvedev-says-a75263.
8. News: Kremlin denies plans to invade Ukraine, alleges NATO threats. Associated Press. 12 November 2021. Isachenkov. Vladimir. 24 December 2021. 10 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211210192536/https://apnews.com/article/ukraine-europe-russia-moscow-83ed7632b8a544ff733cdfbfbca56e77. live.
9. Web site: Ukraine's president says 100,000 Russian troops amassed near border . The Times of Israel . 14 November 2021 . 19 November 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118202020/https://www.timesofisrael.com/ukraines-president-says-100000-russian-troops-amassed-near-border . live .
10. News: Russia planning massive military offensive against Ukraine involving 175,000 troops, U.S. intelligence warns . Harris . Shane . Sonne . Paul . The Washington Post . 3 December 2021 . 12 January 2022 . 30 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211230180238/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/russia-ukraine-invasion/2021/12/03/98a3760e-546b-11ec-8769-2f4ecdf7a2ad_story.html . live .
11. Web site: The world is worried Putin is about to invade Ukraine. Here's why . CNBC . 17 November 2021 . 19 November 2021 . 18 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211118193831/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/17/the-world-is-worried-putin-is-about-to-invade-ukraine-heres-why.html . live .
12. News: Russia-Ukraine border: Why Moscow is stoking tensions . BBC News . 27 November 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 25 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211225040840/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59415885 . live .
13. Web site: Глава разведки Украины назвал протесты в Киеве подготовкой России к военному вторжению – Новости – Мир – Коммерсантъ. kommersant.ru. 21 November 2021. 23 December 2021. 3 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211203185208/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5087714. live.
14. Web site: Ненормандское положение вещей – Газета Коммерсантъ № 215 (7177) от 26.11.2021. kommersant.ru. 25 November 2021. 23 December 2021. 26 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211226021611/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5090744. live.
15. Web site: Украина заговорила о "вторжении" – Коммерсантъ FM – Коммерсантъ. kommersant.ru. 22 November 2021. 23 December 2021. 26 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211226024913/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5088231. live.
16. News: Russia says Ukraine has deployed half its army to Donbas conflict zone . Reuters . 1 December 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 12 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212130514/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-says-ukraine-has-deployed-half-its-army-donbass-conflict-zone-2021-12-01/ . live .
17. News: Russia slams Western 'hysteria' over Ukraine . . 21 November 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 20 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211220022226/https://www.dw.com/en/russia-slams-western-hysteria-over-ukraine/a-59894496 . live .
18. News: U.S. 'Escalating' Russia-Ukraine Tensions by Arming Kyiv – Kremlin . . 23 November 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 27 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211127073251/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/11/23/us-escalating-russia-ukraine-tensions-by-arming-kiev-kremlin-a75643 . live .
19. News: Kremlin accuses West of artificially whipping up Ukraine tensions . Reuters . 21 November 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 24 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211224033134/https://www.reuters.com/markets/rates-bonds/kremlin-accuses-west-artificially-whipping-up-ukraine-tensions-2021-11-21/ . live .
20. News: Ukraine Angers Russia by Buying Turkish Drones and Wants To Get Its Hands On More . Bloomberg . 3 December 2021 . 24 December 2021 .
21. News: Russia accuses Ukraine of mobilising artillery, feigning negotiations . Euronews . 10 December 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 12 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211212131231/https://www.euronews.com/2021/12/10/us-ukraine-crisis-russia-artillery . live .
22. News: UPDATE 1-Russia accuses Ukraine of mobilising artillery, feigning negotiations . Reuters . 9 December 2021 . 24 December 2021 . 25 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211225040840/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/1-russia-accuses-ukraine-mobilising-134852229.html . live .
23. Web site: За нашу соседскую родину – Газета Коммерсантъ № 221 (7183) от 04.12.2021. kommersant.ru. 3 December 2021. 23 December 2021. 26 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211226022410/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5113557. live.
24. Web site: Russia builds up forces on Ukrainian border . . December 2021 . 30 December 2021 . 10 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211210003833/https://www.politico.com/f/?id=0000017d-a0bd-dca7-a1fd-b1bd6cb10000 . live .
25. News: US intelligence finds Russia planning military offensive against Ukraine . Business Standard . 4 December 2021 . 23 January 2022 . 8 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211208042008/https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/us-intelligence-finds-russia-planning-military-offensive-against-ukraine-121120400131_1.html . live .
26. News: Legco election to be held on December 19. The Standard. 13 April 2021. 13 April 2021. 26 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211026202651/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/169539/Legco-election-to-be-held-on-December-19. live.
27. News: China approves plan to veto Hong Kong election candidates. 11 March 2021. France 24. 30 March 2021. 12 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210312063804/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210311-china-approves-plan-to-veto-hong-kong-election-candidates. live.
28. News: Demanding Loyalty, China Moves to Overhaul Hong Kong Elections. 4 March 2021. The New York Times. 30 March 2021. 10 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210310222140/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/04/world/asia/china-hong-kong-election-law.html. live.
29. News: China sharply reduces elected seats in Hong Kong legislature. 30 March 2021. Associated Press. 30 March 2021. 30 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210330162956/https://apnews.com/article/legislature-beijing-constitutions-hong-kong-elections-328bd38c45f351348f10b56d1c1c1a81. live.
30. Web site: 2021-12-29. 國安處搜《立場》辦公室 帶走逾30箱新聞材料 獨媒報導. 2021-12-29. 獨立媒體. 29 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211229134717/https://www.inmediahk.net/node/%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%89%E8%99%95%E6%90%9C%E3%80%8A%E7%AB%8B%E5%A0%B4%E3%80%8B%E8%BE%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4-%E5%B8%B6%E8%B5%B0%E9%80%BE30%E7%AE%B1%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99. live.
31. News: Ng. Edmond. Pomfret. James. 2021-12-29. Hong Kong pro-democracy Stand News shuts down after police raid, arrests. Reuters. 2021-12-29. 29 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211229152955/https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/hong-kong-police-arrest-6-current-or-former-staff-online-media-outlet-2021-12-28/. live.