2021 La Paz gubernatorial election explained

Election Name:2021 La Paz gubernatorial election
Country:Bolivia
Flag Image:Bandera de La Paz.svg
Type:Parliamentary
Vote Type:Popular
Ongoing:No
Previous Election:2015 Bolivian regional elections
Previous Year:2015
Election Date: (first round)
(second round)
Next Election:2026 La Paz gubernatorial election
Next Year:2026
Seats For Election:Governor, all 45 seats in the Legislative Assembly
Majority Seats:23
Opinion Polls:2021 La Paz gubernatorial election#Opinion polling
Registered:1,950,428
Turnout:88.37% (0.13 pp)
1Blank:First round
2Blank:Percentage
3Blank:Runoff
4Blank:Percentage
Image1:Santos Quispe.jpg
Colour1:FD0002
Candidate1:Santos Quispe
Leader1:Leopoldo Chui
Party1 Name:no
Alliance1 Name:no
Last Election1:New party
Seats1:8
1Data1:392,132
2Data1:25.18%
3Data1:831,816
4Data1:55.23%
Colour2:143A83
Candidate2:Franklin Flores
Leader2:Evo Morales
Party2:MAS-IPSP
Alliance2 Name:no
Alliance2:—
Last Election2:25 seats, 30.68%
Seats2:25
1Data2:618,221
2Data2:39.70%
3Data2:674,220
4Data2:44.77%
Image4:Rafael Quispe en marzo de 2020.png
Colour4:00C9B0
Candidate4:Rafael Quispe
Party4 Name:no
Alliance4 Name:no
Last Election4:New alliance
Seats4:5
1Data4:349,384
2Data4:22.44%
3Data4:Eliminated
Image5:Felix patzi.jpg
Colour5:D08B62
Candidate5:Félix Patzi
Party5 Name:no
Alliance5 Name:no
Alliance5:—
Last Election5:New party
Seats5:1
1Data5:67,948
2Data5:4.36%
3Data5:Eliminated
Governor
Before Election:Félix Patzi
Before Party:MTS
Posttitle:Governor after election
After Election:Santos Quispe
After Party:APU

The 2021 La Paz gubernatorial election was held on Sunday, 7 March 2021, with a runoff taking place on 11 April 2021, involving separate contests for governor and all forty-five seats in the Departmental Legislative Assembly. Incumbent governor Félix Patzi unsuccessfully sought reelection to a second term, finishing in fourth place with 4.36 percent of the popular vote. The election was won by Jallalla La Paz's Santos Quispe, who attained 55.23 percent of the vote in the second round, defeating Franklin Flores of the Movement for Socialism. On the legislative ballot, the Movement for Socialism won sixteen of the twenty provincial circumscriptions and nine of the twenty party-list seats, retaining its twenty-five seat majority in the Legislative Assembly.

Originally scheduled to take place in early 2020, this and other subnational elections were delayed by over a year as a result of the country's 2019 political crisis and the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The continued health crisis had a significant impact on the race, knocking out popular frontrunner Felipe Quispe and establishing a close contest between his son, Santos, and ruling party candidate Flores, trailed by Rafael Quispe, incumbent Patzi, and almost a dozen other candidates. Amid shifting demographics, this election was also noted for the fact that El Alto and the indigenous-majority provinces now held more electoral weight than the city of La Paz, a change reflected by the primarily indigenous identification of the candidates running.

Background and electoral system

In the 2015 gubernatorial election, former minister of education Félix Patzi of the Third System Movement (MTS), running in alliance with Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo), successfully won the governorship in the first round by a margin of 50.09 percent of the popular vote to his closest competitor's 30.68 percent, dislodging the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) from power. Despite its defeat in the governorship, the MAS retained its effective majority in the Departmental Legislative Assembly.[1] [2] As with other departmental, provincial, and municipal elected officials, Patzi and the Legislative Assembly's set term of office was due to expire in mid-2020, completing a five-year mandate started in 2015. However, due to the annulment of the 2019 general election results as an outcome of that year's political crisis, the terms of all subnational authorities were extended until after new national elections had taken place.[3] [4]

The Supreme Electoral Tribunal (TSE) issued the call for subnational elections on 10 November 2020, scheduling them to be held on 7 March 2021. Individuals aged 18 by the election date or who had recently changed residency could register to vote between 3 and 17 December.[5] 28 December was set as the deadline for political organizations to register their candidacies.[6] For all nine autonomous departments, the electoral system has been in continuous use since 2010, involving separate contests for governor as the executive authority and all seats in the legislative body, known as the Departmental Legislative Assembly. All governorships are elected by a simple majority in a two-round system, with the top two candidates moving to a runoff if none of the contending parties attains fifty percent of the vote. Additionally, a second round may be avoided if one candidate achieves a forty percent plurality with ten percent more votes than the next closest competitor.[7]

Twenty seats in the Legislative Assembly are elected in provincial single-member circumscriptions (assembly members by territory), while the other twenty are elected on an electoral list in a single department-wide party-list circumscription (assembly members by population), allocated proportionally using the D'Hondt method. The remaining five seats are reserved for the department's indigenous nations, appointed or elected by indigenous authorities in accordance with usos y costumbres.[8]

Candidates and campaigns

Jallalla La Paz

In mid-November, Felipe Quispe, popularly known as "El Mallku", launched his gubernatorial candidacy.[9] The former guerilla and trade union leader had previously contested 2015's gubernatorial race on behalf of the Movement for Sovereignty (MPS), which this time opted to run university professor Federico Zelada as its candidate.[10] [11] Though Quispe was a member of his own front, Forward United People (APU)—led by his son, Santos Quispe—the party lacked legal registration, leading him to seek out an authorized organization willing to lend him its acronym.[12] [13] In December, Santos Quispe sealed an alliance between APU and Jallalla La Paz of Leopoldo Chui, which agreed to nominate his father as its candidate.[14] [15]

Quispe quickly established himself as an early frontrunner in the opening weeks of the campaign, with Ciesmori's first opinion poll published in late January giving him a quarter of the popular vote, trailed by a multitude of opposing candidates.[16] By the time that poll was released, however, Quispe's prospects of attaining the governorship had been severely hampered, given that he was dead, having suffered from cardiac arrest a week prior.[17] The Mallku's demise immediately put into question the electoral future of Jallalla, which was forced to seek an alternative candidate. Within a day of Quispe's death, his son, Santos, moved to "inherit" his father's candidacy, with APU's leadership announcing that it had selected him as the party's new nominee.[18] Jallalla formally accepted the change on 2 February, following a meeting between representatives from all seventy-eight municipalities in which the organization had a presence.[19]

Movement for Socialism

Within the Movement for Socialism, the candidate selection process operates under the framework of pluralism. Local party branches and affiliated social organizations are tasked with selecting pre-candidates, who are then evaluated by the party's leadership. The official nomination is a choice made solely by party leaders, together with allied social organizations.[20] Just two prominent political leaders were presented as pre-candidates for the nomination. The first was Franklin Flores, a former member of the Chamber of Deputies, who was proclaimed by several agrarian workers' unions in his home province of Aroma, in addition to receiving the support of the Túpac Katari Peasant Federation.[21] The second was Beimar Calep Mamani, the outgoing mayor of Palos Blancos, who enjoyed support from the Federation of Intercultural Communities of La Paz as well as various agrarian unions in the north of the department.[20]

Early into the internal primary process, Flores established himself as the favorite to win the nomination, enjoying the support of party leader Evo Morales. The former president announced that Flores had been designated as the MAS's candidate on 14 December, a position officialized two weeks later. According to Morales, Flores' selection had been reached "almost by consensus",[22] [23] a point denied by Mamani and the Intercultural Federation, with the former contending that Morales had been misinformed into believing that Flores was the only candidate in the running.[24] [25] The dispute led Página Siete to later describe Flores as having been "chosen by Evo", a point he denied, pointing out that over 2,000 local communities had backed him before he won Morales' endorsement.[26]

Somos Pueblo

Of the major gubernatorial candidates, Rafael Quispe had been in the race the longest, having established himself as a contender years in advance. Quispe's gubernatorial aspirations stemmed as far back as 2014 when he unsuccessfully sought the National Unity Front's nomination to contest the 2015 gubernatorial election.[27] Since then, the former deputy and former head of the Indigenous Development Fund had worked on structuring his own political organization, touring the department's rural areas with a view toward gaining support to seek the governorship.[28] In late 2018, he joined Venceremos, a newly legally registered civic group led by El Alto Municipal Councillor Óscar Huanca. Reports at the time indicated that the group had selected Quispe as its gubernatorial candidate.[29] By 2019, however, Quispe appeared to have moved away from Huanca, having instead founded his own political organization, Somos Pueblo.[30] Venceremos, in turn, opted instead to nominate Juan Choque, Felipe Quispe's son-in-law, as its candidate.[31]

Quispe formally launched his gubernatorial campaign in September 2019, signing an alliance between Somos Pueblo and the Social Democratic Movement (MDS) to form Somos Pueblo Demócrata, a coalition that also included New Social Option (NOS), a small local party.[32] As a result of the year-long delay in holding subnational elections, Quispe shelved his plans, relaunching the campaign in early November 2020.[33] For this run, Quispe joined forces with Iván Arias to form For the Common Good – Somos Pueblo (PBCSP), an alliance between their two political organizations. As both fronts lacked legal registration, the MDS again sponsored the alliance, joined this time by Suma Escoma. Arias and Quispe jointly officialized their candidacies for mayor and governor, respectively, on 28 December.[34] [35]

Third System Movement

For incumbent governor Félix Patzi—whose party, the MTS, had attained legal registration since becoming governor—the question of whether he would seek reelection remained pendant until the final weeks preceding candidate registration.[36] Patzi's most recent electoral endeavor had been his 2019 bid for the presidency, in which he attained a meager 3.18 percent in his home department.[37] In addition, Patzi's poor handling of the COVID-19 pandemic left much to be desired, leaving him vulnerable in a future second-term bid.[38] Given these concerns, on 5 December, the MTS held a party conference to define whether or not Patzi would seek reelection.[39] The meeting, attended by party partisans and allied social organizations, concluded that Patzi's reelection was "necessary" in order to continue the public works projects initiated during his first term.[40]

Other political organizations

This election was noted for the high degree of indigenous representation on the ballot, with a majority of gubernatorial candidates being of some indigenous descent. According to analyst Marcelo Arequipa, the prevalence of indigenous candidates reflected the shifting voting demographics in the department. For the first time, the Aymara city of El Alto and not the capital of La Paz enjoyed a majority of registered voters, making it, together with the provinces, the key to winning the election.[41] [42] Apart from the top four contenders—all ethnic Aymara—indigenous candidates running with minor fronts included Beatriz Álvarez. A chola Aymara, Álvarez had served as a La Paz municipal councillor on behalf of Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo), the party that nominated her to seek the governorship.[43] Of the fourteen candidates, only Álvarez and one other individual—Assemblywoman Claudia Bravo of the National Unity Front (UN)—were women.[44]

Other candidates included Franclin Gutiérrez, who was invited to run by the Front for Victory (FPV). The cocalero activist had led the Departmental Association of Coca Producers (ADEPCOCA) and was noted for having been arrested during the Morales administration, spending fifteen months in preventative detention on dubious charges that were dropped in 2019.[45] [46] On behalf of Civic Community — Autonomies (C-A), Samuel Sea was presented as a candidate for the governorship. In the 2020 elections, Sea had been a candidate for deputy in La Paz's circumscription 16 and was the alliance's coordinator in the provinces. As with Felipe Quispe, Sea's candidacy was cut short after he died from complications related to COVID-19.[47] Sea was replaced on the ballot by Mateo Laura, who had previously governed La Paz as prefect—the precursor to governor—between 2002 and 2003.[48]

Opinion polling

Date(s)PollsterClientS. QuispeFloresR. QuispePatziC-ANoneLead
7 MarCisemoriUNITEL27.1%37.3%22.1%5.4%1.3%1.9%0.9%1.0%0.5%0.5%0.4%0.8%0.5%0.3%10.2%
7 MarFocalizaBolivisión24.9%37.7%20.5%3.4%0.8%1.9%0.6%1.1%0.3%0.3%0.8%1.5%0.2%0.3%5.6%12.8%
25 FebCiesmoriUNITEL17.0%23.3%16.7%4.7%1.6%0.9%0.5%0.5%0.6%0.8%0.1%0.1%0.1%0.0%33.1%6.3%
21 FebFocalizaBolivisión17.4%21.2%16.5%10.2%2.7%0.3%0.3%0.4%0.2%0.2%0.0%0.1%0.1%0.1%30.4%3.8%
11 FebCiesmoriUNITEL18.4%21.3%14.9%9.3%2.7%0.9%0.6%0.5%1.9%0.2%0.6%0.2%0.0%28.3%2.9%
24 JanCiesmoriUNITEL25.0%15.1%10.8%10.1%3.7%1.6%0.8%0.6%1.7%0.3%0.3%30.0%9.9%

Results

Gubernatorial

The death of Felipe Quispe significantly shifted the competitive nature of the campaign. Speaking to Página Siete, Rafael Quispe predicted that the Mallku's departure would serve to aid the candidates in second and third place; that is, Flores and himself. "The MAS supporters who were going to vote for the Mallku will return to the MAS, and the people who were going to vote for the Mallku because he was against the MAS will return to Rafael", Quispe stated.[49] By 11 February, Ciesmori's second opinion poll found that the "posthumous vote" had not significantly carried over to Santos Quispe, who moved down to second place, putting Flores in the lead.[50] Flores maintained his slight edger over the opposition candidates for the remainder of the race, though not by a high enough percentage to circumvent a runoff, even when calculating the results without taking the undecided and null vote into account.[51]

By election night, however, exit polling conducted by Ciesmori and Focaliza indicated a surge in MAS support, granting Flores nearly forty percent of the vote with an over ten-point lead above his closest competitor.[52] The margin was substantial enough for Red UNO to call the race for Flores, believing that with the remaining votes, he would be able to avoid a second round.[53] With that, Flores himself declared victory, as did Morales. For his part, Santos Quispe decried fraud, alleging irregularities in the vote counting process, for which his supporters installed vigils outside the Departmental Electoral Tribunal (TED)'s facilities.[54] [55] In the ensuing days, the ongoing vote count narrowed the race, placing Flores' victory in uncertainty. A week after the election, the TED released its final tabulation, giving Flores 39.7 percent of the first round vote, leaving him just three-tenths of a percent shy of winning the governorship outright and setting off a runoff in the department.[56]

With the second round underway, both Flores and Quispe went about shoring up their bases of support in the department, with Flores seeking to solidify the MAS vote in the provinces while Quispe campaigned in the capital.[57] Both contenders also sought out alliances with other parties, with Flores attaining the support of the Bolivian National Action Party (PAN-BOL) and, more importantly, the MTS of outgoing governor Félix Patzi.[58] [59] According to analysts, Flores' main obstacle in reaching the governorship was surviving the vote in the city of La Paz, the only municipality that had not been won by either of the top two contenders, having lent its support to Rafael Quispe.[60] [61] For his part, Quispe expressed his dissatisfaction with both candidates, considering them "the same" and announcing his intent to vote null. His party, Somos Pueblo, similarly refused to endorse either the MAS or JALLALLA, encouraging supporters to make their own choice.[62] For columnist José Luis Quiroga, Flores' chances of winning relied on whether voters in the capital switched their support to Santos Quispe—which was not a given—or opted instead to sit out the runoff.[61]

Ultimately, a majority of voters in the second round broke for Quispe, who defeated Flores by a margin of 55.23 percent to Flores' 44.77.[63] Though voting was repeated on 25 April at four polling centers in El Alto and La Paz, the results, constituting 00.04 percent of the total vote, did not sway the election.[64]

Legislative Assembly

Aftermath

Quispe was formally accredited as governor-elect by the TED on 28 April, and within hours of receiving his credentials, broke his pact with Jallalla, announcing his intent to solidify APU as a political force.[65] [66] Quispe's actions led Chui to denounce him as a "traitor," and the governor was formally expelled from Jallalla on 10 May, seven days after his formal inauguration.[67] The dispute precipitated a fraught tenure for Quispe, whose term was marked by a series of controversies, kicking off within his first few months in office.[68] By mid-2023, mounting scandals, including an arrest for public intoxication and an investigation into rape allegations,[69] [70] among others, had caused the governor's public approval to plummet,[71] with multiple fronts actively soliciting a recall referendum again him.[72]

References

Bibliography

Notes and References

  1. News: 2014-12-22 . Félix Patzi es el candidato de SOL.BO a la Gobernación . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804222858/https://anteriorportal.erbol.com.bo/noticia/politica/22122014/felix_patzi_sera_el_candidato_de_solbo_la_gobernacion . 2022-08-04.
  2. News: 2015-03-29 . Patzi gana la Gobernación y Revilla es reelecto en La Paz . es . . Cochabamba . live . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804223023/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/escenario/patzi-gana-gobernaci-oacute-n-revilla-es-reelecto-paz/20150329221300517009.html . 2022-08-04.
  3. News: 2015-05-31 . Gobernadores juran y Evo pide fin de la confrontación . es . Governors are sworn in and Evo asks for end of confrontation . . Cochabamba . live . 2023-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230612220626/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/el-pais/%EF%BB%BF%EF%BB%BFgobernadores-juran-evo-pide-fin-confrontaci-oacute-n/20150531204400522616.html . 2023-06-12.
  4. News: 2020-01-20 . Bolivia: Áñez promulga ley de ampliación a su mandato . es . . . La Paz . live . 2022-07-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220409030605/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/en-espanol/noticias/story/2020-01-20/bolivia-anez-promulga-ley-de-ampliacion-a-su-mandato . 2022-04-09.
  5. News: 2020-11-10 . TSE convoca a elecciones subnacionales para el 7 de marzo . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-07-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220116073044/https://erbol.com.bo/el-%C3%A1nfora-1/tse-convoca-elecciones-subnacionales-para-el-7-de-marzo . 2022-01-16.
  6. News: Corz . Carlos . 2020-12-14 . El TSE amplía hasta el 28 plazo para registro de candidatos a las subnacionales . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-07-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201216153513/https://www.la-razon.com/nacional/2020/12/14/el-tse-amplia-hasta-el-28-plazo-para-registro-de-candidatos-a-las-subnacionales/ . 2020-12-16.
  7. News: 2021-03-14 . A Franklin Flores le faltó décimas e irá a segunda vuelta con Santos Quispe . es . . ERBOL . Cochabamba . live . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804225025/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/pais/franklin-flores-falto-decimas-ira-segunda-vuelta-santos-quispe/20210314192320811654.html . 2022-08-04.
  8. News: Bustillos . Iván . 2021-04-14 . Departamentos, los gobiernos complejos . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509133329/https://www.la-razon.com/politico/2021/04/14/departamentos-los-gobiernos-complejos/ . 2021-05-09.
  9. News: 2020-11-14 . 'El Mallku' quiere ser candidato a Gobernador de La Paz y busca una sigla para las subnacionales . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220824221731/https://urgente.bo/noticia/%E2%80%9Cel-mallku%E2%80%9D-quiere-ser-candidato-gobernador-de-la-paz-y-busca-una-sigla-para-las . 2022-08-24.
  10. News: 2014-12-24 . MPS postula a 'El Mallku' a la gobernación de La Paz . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220824221840/https://unitel.bo/noticias/mps-postula-a-el-mallku-a-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz_93593 . 2022-08-24.
  11. News: 2021-02-07 . MPS acelera su campaña en provincias en carrera por la Gobernación y 86 alcaldías . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210208012057/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/mps-acelera-su-campa%C3%B1a-en-provincias-en-carrera-por-la-gobernaci%C3%B3n-y-86-alcald%C3%ADas . 2021-02-08.
  12. News: Sánchez . César . 2020-11-14 . El 'Mallku' anuncia su candidatura a la Gobernación de La Paz . es . Oxígeno . La Paz . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201114225053/https://oxigeno.bo/pol%C3%ADtica/45532 . 2020-11-14.
  13. Web site: 2021 . Biografía de Santos Quispe . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204020329/https://www.waynamallku.com/santos-quispe-quispe . 4 February 2022 . 2022-02-03 . waynamallku.com . es . La Paz.
  14. News: Chuquimia . Leny . 2021-02-21 . Ajeno a los medios y con El Mallku como gancho, Santos Quispe no presenta plan . es . . La Paz . dead . 2022-02-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204130807/https://www.paginasiete.bo/especial02/2021/2/21/ajeno-los-medios-con-el-mallku-como-gancho-santos-quispe-no-presenta-plan-285024.html . 2022-02-04.
  15. News: 2020-12-16 . El Mallku es candidato a gobernador de La Paz . es . . Cochabamba . live . 2022-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220203074131/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/escenario-politico1/mallku-es-candidato-gobernador-paz/20201216201438800161.html . 2022-02-03.
  16. News: Estremadoiro Flores . Ernesto . 2021-01-24 . El fallecido 'Mallku' primero en la intención de voto en La Paz, el MAS en Cochabamba y Creemos en Santa Cruz . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025102054/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/el-fallecido-mallku-primero-en-la-intencion-de-voto-en-la-paz-el-mas-en-cochabamba-y-creemos-en-sant_217106 . 2021-10-25.
  17. News: Romano . Gabriel . 2021-01-20 . Muere Felipe Quispe, el líder indígena que quiso ser presidente de Bolivia . es . . . La Paz . Bern . live . 2022-08-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220824232129/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/bolivia-obituario_muere-felipe-quispe--el-l%C3%ADder-ind%C3%ADgena-que-quiso-ser-presidente-de-bolivia/46301588 . 2022-08-24.
  18. News: 2021-01-21 . Perfilan a Santos Quispe como candidato sucesor de El Mallku . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220203063129/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/1/21/perfilan-santos-quispe-como-candidato-sucesor-de-el-mallku-281872.html . 2022-02-03.
  19. News: 2021-02-02 . El hijo de 'El Mallku' es proclamado como candidato para la gobernación de La Paz . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204091149/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/santos-quispe-reemplaza-a-34el-mallku-34-en-la-candidatura-para-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz-407997 . 2022-02-04.
  20. News: Mamani Cayo . Yolanda . 2020-11-28 . MAS suma seis precandidatos con miras a Alcaldía de La Paz . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-07-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220726001212/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/mas-suma-seis-precandidatos-con-miras-a-alcaldia-de-la-paz-FGPS276366 . 2022-07-26.
  21. News: 2020-11-15 . En Ayo Ayo proponen al exdiputado Franklin Flores del MAS candidato a Gobernador de La Paz . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201115213539/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/en-ayo-ayo-proponen-al-exdiputado-franklin-flores-del-mas-candidato-gobernador-de-la-paz . 2020-11-15.
  22. News: 2020-12-14 . Evo: Flores será candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz y Dockweiler a la alcaldía . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000031/https://www.urgente.bo/noticia/evo-flores-ser%C3%A1-candidato-la-gobernaci%C3%B3n-de-la-paz-y-dockweiler-la-alcald%C3%ADa . 2020-12-15.
  23. News: 2020-12-27 . MAS elige a Franklin Flores como candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804014031/https://urgente.bo/noticia/mas-elige-franklin-flores-como-candidato-la-gobernaci%C3%B3n-de-la-paz . 2022-08-04.
  24. News: 2020-12-23 . MAS: Interculturales tienen su candidato a gobernador paceño y piden a Evo convocar para definir . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804035949/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/mas-interculturales-tienen-su-candidato-gobernador-pace%C3%B1o-y-piden-evo-convocar-para-definir . 2022-08-04.
  25. News: 2020-12-23 . Mamani: A Evo le han hecho creer que Flores es el único candidato a gobernador en La Paz . es . . La Paz . live . subscription . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210108102938/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/mamani-a-evo-le-han-hecho-creer-que-flores-es-el-unico-candidato-a-gobernador-en-la-paz-407564 . 2021-01-08.
  26. News: 2021-04-04 . El elegido por Evo y el heredero de El Mallku, en duelo final por la Gobernación paceña . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-08-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804062857/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/el-elegido-por-evo-y-el-heredero-de-el-mallku-en-duelo-final-por-la-gobernacion-pacena-MJPS289612 . 2022-08-04.
  27. News: Charca Huasco . Jorge . 2017-11-13 . Concejales y gente del ex-MSM serán parte del nuevo partido de Quispe . es . El Alteño . live . 2022-08-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220807011714/http://www.elalteno.com.bo/ciudad/20171113/concejales-y-gente-del-ex-msm-seran-parte-del-nuevo-partido-de-quispe . 2022-08-07.
  28. News: Carballo . María . 2018-07-27 . Quispe se aleja de UD y lidera un grupo que busca la Gobernación . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-08-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220805180222/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/quispe-se-aleja-de-ud-y-lidera-un-grupo-que-busca-la-gobernacion-MKPS188598 . 2022-08-05.
  29. News: 2018-10-20 . Venceremos postulará a Huanca como alcalde de El Alto y a Rafael Quispe como Gobernador de La Paz . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813014521/https://www.urgente.bo/noticia/venceremos-postular%C3%A1-huanca-como-alcalde-de-el-alto-y-rafael-quispe-como-gobernador-de-la . 2022-08-13.
  30. News: 2022-03-22 . 'Fui candidata del Tata Rafael Quispe, no del Negro Arias', afirma concejala de La Paz . es . Público.bo . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-07-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325172835/https://publico.bo/politica/concejala-de-la-paz-fui-la-candidata-del-tata-rafael-quispe-no-del-negro-arias/ . 2022-03-25 . Nosotros construimos Somos Pueblo hace tres años....
  31. News: 2020-12-21 . Venceremos postula al 'yerno de El Mallku' para la gobernación de La Paz y a Encinas a la alcaldía . es . . La Paz . live . subscription . 2022-08-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210120145853/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/venceremos-postula-al-34yerno-de-el-mallku-34-para-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz-y-a-encinas-a-la-alcaldia-407543 . 2021-01-20.
  32. News: Ariñez . Rubén . 2019-09-30 . Quispe lanza su candidatura para la Gobernación de La Paz por el frente Pueblo . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220813170547/https://www.la-razon.com/nacional/2019/09/30/quispe-lanza-su-candidatura-para-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz-por-el-frente-pueblo/ . 2022-08-13.
  33. News: Melendres Galvis . Miguel Angel . 2020-11-04 . Tata Quispe renuncia a su viceministerio e inaugura su Casa de Campaña para las subnacionales . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201121050401/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/tata-quispe-renuncia-a-su-viceministerio-e-inaugura-su-casa-de-campana-para-las-subnacionales_207404 . 2020-11-21.
  34. News: 2020-12-25 . El TSE habilita a Somos Pueblo que postula a Rafael Quispe para la Gobernación de La Paz . es . . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624055448/https://unitel.bo/politica/el-tse-habilita-a-somos-pueblo-que-postula-a-rafael-quispe-para-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz_140651 . 2021-06-24.
  35. News: 2020-12-28 . Quispe y Arias lanzan en conjunto sus candidaturas con Somos Pueblo . es . . ERBOL . Cochabamba . live . 2022-07-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201228152505/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20201228/quispe-arias-lanzan-conjunto-sus-candidaturas-somos-pueblo . 2020-12-28.
  36. News: 2018-11-01 . TSE otorga personalidad jurídica al MTS que habilita a Patzi como candidato presidencial . es . . Cochabamba . live . 2022-08-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826001633/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/el-pais/tse-otorga-personalidad-jur-iacute-dica-mts-habilita-patzi-como-candidato-presidencial/20181101080200631310.html . 2022-08-26.
  37. Web site: 2019 . Publicación de Resultados Nacionales: Elecciones Generales 2019 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200524142746/https://www.oep.org.bo/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Separata_Resultados_Nacionales_EG_2019.pdf . 2020-05-24 . 2022-06-02 . www.oep.org.bo . . es . 9.
  38. News: 2021-03-08 . Gobernadores Patzi y Oliva pierden en la reelección . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210805172309/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/gobernadores-patzi-y-oliva-pierden-en-la-reeleccion_223463 . 2021-08-05.
  39. News: 2020-11-17 . El MTS definirá el 5 de diciembre si Patzi va por la reelección en la Gobernación paceña . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210923023517/https://unitel.bo/politica/el-mts-definira-el-5-de-diciembre-si-patzi-va-por-la-reeleccion-en-la-gobernacion-pacena_137532 . 2021-09-23.
  40. News: 2020-12-06 . Según el MTS, organizaciones sociales piden a Félix Patzi buscar la relección a Gobernador de La Paz . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201220094210/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/seg%C3%BAn-el-mts-organizaciones-sociales-piden-f%C3%A9lix-patzi-buscar-la-relecci%C3%B3n-gobernador-de-la . 2020-12-20.
  41. News: 2020-12-29 . La presencia indígena se impone en la carrera electoral hacia la Gobernación de La Paz . es . Bolivia.com . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201229220649/https://www.bolivia.com/actualidad/politica/presencia-indigena-se-impone-en-carrera-electoral-hacia-gobernacion-de-la-paz-290014 . 2020-12-29.
  42. News: Mamani Cayo . Yolanda . 2021-02-04 . El Alto gana a La Paz en votantes y es clave para elegir gobernador . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826195843/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/el-alto-gana-a-la-paz-en-votantes-y-es-clave-para-elegir-gobernador-MJPS283348 . 2022-08-26.
  43. News: 2021-01-19 . Sol.bo presentó a Beatriz Álvarez como candidata a la Gobernación de La Paz . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826220932/https://urgente.bo/noticia/solbo-present%C3%B3-beatriz-%C3%A1lvarez-como-candidata-la-gobernaci%C3%B3n-de-la-paz . 2022-08-26.
  44. News: 2020-12-30 . La Paz: UN inscribió a Claudia Bravo como candidata a la gobernación . es . . La Paz . dead . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210127100726/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2020/12/30/la-paz-un-inscribio-claudia-bravo-como-candidata-la-gobernacion-279644.html . 2021-01-27.
  45. News: 2020-11-30 . FPV invita a Franclin Gutiérrez para postular a gobernador de La Paz . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210127062727/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/fpv-invita-franclin-guti%C3%A9rrez-para-postular-gobernador-de-la-paz . 2021-01-27.
  46. News: 2020-12-14 . FPV proclama a Franclin Gutiérrez como candidato a gobernador de La Paz . es . . Cochabamba . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201225004954/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20201214/fpv-proclama-franclin-gutierrez-como-candidato-gobernador-paz . 2020-12-25.
  47. News: 2021-01-16 . Muere por covid el candidato a la gobernación de La Paz por CC Samuel Sea Ilimuri . es . Urgente.bo . La Paz . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826222641/https://urgente.bo/noticia/muere-por-covid-el-candidato-la-gobernaci%C3%B3n-de-la-paz-por-cc-samuel-sea-ilimuri . 2022-08-26.
  48. News: Tedesqui Vargas . Luis Marcelo . 2021-02-04 . Mateo Laura, exprefecto, es el nuevo candidato a la Gobernación de La Paz . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210204132409/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/mateo-laura-exprefecto-es-el-nuevo-candidato-a-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz_218531 . 2021-02-04.
  49. News: Romero . Daniela . 2021-02-07 . Tata Quispe: 'Yo llego a la clase media y a los indios, es mi fortaleza' . es . . La Paz . dead . 2022-08-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210228090234/https://www.paginasiete.bo/especial02/2021/2/7/tata-quispe-yo-llego-la-clase-media-los-indios-es-mi-fortaleza-283643.html . 2021-02-28 . La gente del MAS que iba a votar por el Mallku va a volver al MAS y la gente que iba a votar por Mallku porque era contrario al MAS, va a volver a Rafael porque es opositor al MAS..
  50. News: Lizárraga . Paulo . 2021-02-11 . Encuesta: Voto póstumo no ayuda a Santos; Franklin Flores sube al primer lugar . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220826172855/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/encuesta-voto-postumo-no-ayuda-a-santos-franklin-flores-sube-al-primer-lugar-IJPS284149 . 2022-08-26.
  51. News: 2021-02-26 . Encuesta: Franklin Flores sube en La Paz y el segundo lugar está casi empatado . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820060218/https://unitel.bo/asi-decidimos-2021/encuesta-franklin-flores-sube-en-la-paz-y-el-segundo-lugar-esta-casi-empatado_144076 . 2022-08-20.
  52. News: 2021-03-07 . Franklin Flores gana en primera vuelta la Gobernación de La Paz, pero habría balotaje . es . . Tarija . live . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421171957/https://elpais.bo/nacional/20210307_franklin-flores-gana-en-primera-vuelta-la-gobernacion-de-la-paz-pero-habria-balotaje.html . 2021-04-21.
  53. News: 2021-03-08 . Conteo rápido: Franklin Flores sería el nuevo Gobernador de La Paz . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220126224153/https://www.reduno.com.bo/noticias/conteo-rapido-franklin-flores-seria-el-nuevo-gobernador-de-la-paz--202138151334 . 2022-01-26.
  54. News: 2021-03-07 . Flores se declara ganador y dice que trabajará con 'hechos y no con palabras' . es . . La Paz . live . registration . 2022-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820165342/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/flores-se-declara-ganador-y-dice-que-trabajara-con-hechos-y-no-con-palabras-MJPS286684 . 2022-08-20.
  55. News: 2021-03-10 . Santos Quispe teme fraude en el cómputo en La Paz y mantiene vigilia en el TED . es . . . Cochabamba . live . 2022-02-03 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210315231642/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20210310/santos-quispe-teme-fraude-computo-paz-mantiene-vigilia-ted . 15 March 2021.
  56. News: 2021-03-14 . A Franklin Flores le faltó décimas e irá a segunda vuelta con Santos Quispe . es . ERBOL . La Paz . live . 2022-08-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220818034015/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/franklin-flores-le-falt%C3%B3-d%C3%A9cimas-e-ir%C3%A1-segunda-vuelta-con-santos-quispe . 2022-08-18.
  57. News: Aramayo . Viviana . 2021-04-05 . Franklin Flores busca últimos votos en provincias y Santos Quispe en la zona Sur . es . La Octava . live . 2022-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820172843/https://laoctavabo.com/2021/04/05/franklin-flores-busca-ultimos-votos-en-provincias-y-santos-quispe-en-la-zona-sur/ . 2022-08-20.
  58. News: 2021-03-16 . Jallalla La Paz y el MAS buscan nuevas alianzas para la segunda vuelta por la Gobernación paceña . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210316175630/https://unitel.bo/asi-decidimos-2021/jallalla-la-paz-y-el-mas-buscan-nuevas-alianzas-para-la-segunda-vuelta-por-la-gobernacion-pacena_145183 . 2021-03-16.
  59. News: 2021-03-29 . MTS y PAN-Bol deciden apoyar al MAS en el balotaje por el menosprecio de Santos Quispe . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210423041858/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/mts-y-pan-bol-deciden-apoyar-a-franklin-flores-porque-fueron-menospreciados-por-santos-quispe-408919 . 2021-04-23.
  60. News: 2021-04-05 . Segunda vuelta: ¿Cuáles son los escenarios posibles en las cuatro gobernaciones en juego? . es . . Sucre . live . 2022-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210621164014/https://correodelsur.com/local/20210405_segunda-vuelta-cuales-son-los-escenarios-posibles-en-las-cuatro-gobernaciones-en-juego.html . 2021-06-21.
  61. News: Quiroga . José Luis . 2021-04-07 . Entre contradicciones y soberbia . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820173235/https://abi.bo/index.php/categoria-columnistas/4332-entre-contradicciones-y-soberbia . 2022-08-20.
  62. News: Condori . Edwin . 2021-04-06 . Rafael Quispe votará nulo porque cree que Santos Quispe y Franklin Flores 'son lo mismo' . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-08-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210428194306/https://www.la-razon.com/nacional/2021/04/06/rafael-quispe-votara-nulo-porque-cree-que-santos-quispe-y-franklin-flores-son-lo-mismo/ . 2021-04-28.
  63. News: 2021-04-26 . La Paz completa el cómputo en segunda vuelta: Santos Quispe vence en la gobernación y el MAS en la Asamblea . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210426131253/https://eldeber.com.bo/la-paz/la-paz-completa-el-computo-en-segunda-vuelta-santos-quispe-vence-en-la-gobernacion-y-el-mas-en-la-as_229474 . 2021-04-26.
  64. News: Chuquimia . Marco Antonio . 2021-04-14 . Segunda vuelta: La Paz repetirá elecciones en cuatro mesas el 25 de abril . es . . Santa Cruz de la Sierra . live . 2022-08-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220820172424/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/segunda-vuelta-la-paz-repetira-elecciones-en-cuatro-mesas-el-25-de-abril_228096 . 2022-08-20.
  65. News: Luna . Pedro . 2021-04-28 . Quispe rompe con Jallalla y lanza APU; Chui le conmina a cumplir el acuerdo político . es . . La Paz . live . 2022-02-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210515231454/https://www.la-razon.com/nacional/2021/04/28/quispe-rompe-con-jallalla-y-lanza-apu-chui-le-conmina-a-cumplir-el-acuerdo-politico/ . 2021-05-15.
  66. News: 2021-04-28 . Santos Quispe rompe alianza con Jallalla La Paz . es . . ERBOL . Cochabamba . live . 2022-02-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220118204833/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/pais/20210428/santos-quispe-rompe-alianza-jallalla-paz . 2022-01-18.
  67. News: 2021-05-10 . Expulsan a Santos Quispe de Jallalla por 'traidor', anuncian acciones legales y revocatorio . es . . La Paz . live . subscription . 2022-02-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204094859/https://www.noticiasfides.com/nacional/politica/expulsan-a-santos-quispe-de-jallalla-por-34traidor-34-anuncian-acciones-legales-y-revocatorio-409633 . 2022-02-04.
  68. News: Segales . Erika . 2021-05-27 . En un mes, el gobernador Quispe estuvo envuelto en 7 polémicas . es . In one month, Governor Quispe was involved in 7 scandals . . La Paz . live . subscription . 2022-02-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204100601/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/5/27/en-un-mes-el-gobernador-quispe-estuvo-envuelto-en-polemicas-296300.html . 4 February 2022.
  69. News: 2022-02-03 . Detención domiciliaria, arraigo y fianza de Bs 70 mil para el gobernador Santos Quispe . es . House arrest, travel ban, and bail of Bs70,000 for Governor Santos Quispe . . Sucre . live . 2022-02-04 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220204045820/https://correodelsur.com/seguridad/20220203_detencion-domiciliaria-arraigo-y-fianza-de-bs-70-mil-para-el-gobernador-santos-quispe.html . 4 February 2022.
  70. News: Góngora . Boris . 2023-05-15 . Fiscalía cita para este jueves al gobernador Santos Quispe por el delito de violación . es . Prosecutor's Office summons Governor Santos Quispe for this Thursday for the crime of rape . . La Paz . live . 2023-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230612215730/https://www.la-razon.com/nacional/2023/05/15/fiscalia-cita-para-este-jueves-al-gobernador-santos-quispe-por-el-delito-de-violacion/ . 2023-06-12.
  71. News: 2021-10-21 . Cruceños y la Llajta aprueban el trabajo de sus gobernadores, según encuesta . es . Cruceños and the Llajta approve of the work of their governors, according to poll . . Cochabamba . live . 2023-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221007020552/https://www.opinion.com.bo/articulo/pais/santa-cruz-cochabamba-aprueban-trabajo-gobernadores-quispe-convence-paz-encuesta/20211021214505840042.html . 2022-10-07.
  72. News: 2023-03-21 . Wayna Mallku no tiene miedo al revocatorio . es . Wayna Mallku doesn't fear recall . El Alteño . El Alto . live . 2023-06-12 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230321224808/http://www.elalteno.com.bo/ciudad/20230321/wayna-mallku-no-tiene-miedo-al-revocatorio . 2023-03-21.

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