| Country: | Haiti | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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General elections were planned to take place in Haiti sometime in 2019, though they did not take place. The parliamentary elections had originally been scheduled for 27 October 2019,[1] but were postponed to 26 September 2021.[2] The elections were then postponed again to 7 November 2021.[3] General elections were scheduled to be held in Haiti on 7 November 2021 to elect the president and Parliament, alongside a constitutional referendum.[4] However, in September 2021, they were postponed following the dismissal of the members of the Provisional Electoral Council by acting Prime Minister Ariel Henry.[5] Prime Minister Henry later stated that he hoped to hold the elections in early 2022.[6] On 8 February 2022, he called for renewed efforts to organize elections.[7] In December 2022, he signed an agreement to hold the elections in 2023, but stated in February 2024 that they will be held once the security situation was under control. Henry later committed to hold the elections by August 2025, but resigned in April 2024 to make way for a transitional presidential council, which is expected to hold the presidential election in early 2026.
In 2021, mass street demonstrations and violent protest marches began across Haiti on 14 January in protest at Jovenel Moïse's plan to run for one more year in power. Since then, hundreds of thousands took part in weekly protests calling for the government to resign. Moïse was assassinated on 7 July 2021.
On 8 July, interim prime minister Claude Joseph's office announced that despite the assassination, the parliamentary elections would still be held on the date set by the Provisional Electoral Council and that members of the opposition would be included in election timetable talks, stating that "The Head of Government promises to hold talks with opposition leaders and other actors in national life to calm the socio-political climate and facilitate inclusive and credible elections according to the timetable set by the Provisional Electoral Council."[8] The United Nations special envoy for Haiti, Helen La Lime, said that interim Prime Minister Claude Joseph would lead Haiti until elections were held later in the year, urging all parties to set aside differences following the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse.[9] Ariel Henry was appointed as Prime Minister later that month.
Henry dismissed all members of the Provisional Electoral Council, seen by many in the country as politically biased, on 27 September 2021. He stated that a new council would be appointed which would hold the elections in early 2022.[10] On 11 September 2022, he stated that the government would begin the organization of elections by the end of 2022.[11]
On 21 December 2022, Henry signed an agreement with political parties, civil society organizations and private sector members to hold the elections in 2023, with the new government scheduled to be sworn in on 7 February 2024.[12]
In February 2024 however, Henry stated that the elections will be held when the government was able to control the security situation in Haiti.[13] The Caribbean Community later in the month said that he had committed to holding the elections by 31 August 2025.[14]
On 11 March 2024, Henry agreed to resign as the leader of Haiti due to facing pressure following attacks by armed gangs who demanded he step down, once a transitional presidential council was formed, following a meeting in Jamaica with leaders of Caribbean states and U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken.[15] The council has a mandate till February 7, 2026 and is expected to hold the presidential election in early 2026.[16] Henry resigned in a letter signed on 24 April in Los Angeles when the council was installed. His outgoing cabinet meanwhile appointed Michel Patrick Boisvert as the interim Prime Minister.[17] [18]
The President of Haiti is elected using the two-round system, with a second round held if no candidate wins a majority of the vote in the first round.
The 119 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected in single-member constituencies for four-year terms using a modified two-round system; a candidate must receive either over 50% of the vote, or have a lead over the second-placed candidate equivalent to 25% of the valid votes in order to be elected in the first round; if no candidate meets this requirement, a second round is held, in which the candidate with the most votes wins.[19]
One third of the 30-member Senate is elected every two years. The members are elected from ten single-member constituencies based on the departments, also using the two-round system.[20]
| Party or alliance | Leading candidate | Ideology | Last election | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chamber | Senate | |||||
| Haitian Tèt Kale Party (PTHK) | Ann Valérie Timothée Milfort | Liberalism Conservative liberalism | 31 | 6 | ||
| Struggling People's Organization (OPL) | Andris Riché | Social democracy | 9 | 1 | ||
| Fanmi Lavalas (FL) | Maryse Narcisse | Social democracy Populism | 6 | 1 | ||
| Haiti in Action (AAA) | Youri Latortue | Nationalism Federalism | 6 | 1 | ||
| Inifos–LAPEH | Paul Denis | Liberal conservatism Progressivism | 4 | 1 | ||
| Fusion of Haitian Social Democrats (PFSDH) | Edmonde S. Beauzile | Social democracy Third Way | 4 | 0 | ||
| Renmen Ayiti (RA) | Jean-Henry Céant | Centrism Social democracy | 3 | 1 | ||
| Platfòm Pitit Desalin (PPD) | Jean-Charles Moïse | Dessalinism Democratic socialism Left-wing populism | 2 | 1 | ||
| Rally of Progressive National Democrats (RDNP) | André Michel | Christian democracy Conservatism | 0 | 0 | ||
| Christian National Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti (UNCRH) | Charles-Henri Baker | Christian democracy Protectionism Right-wing populism | 0 | 0 | ||
| Jerry Tardieu | Anti-corruption | |||||
| Les Engagés pour le Développement (EDE) | Claude Joseph | Centrism Syncretism | ||||
| colspan="11 | ||||||