2021 El Alto municipal election explained

Election Name:2021 El Alto municipal election
Country:Bolivia
Flag Image:Bandera de El Alto.svg
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2015 Bolivian regional elections
Previous Year:2015
Next Election:2025 Bolivian regional elections
Next Year:2025
Election Date:7 March 2021
Seats For Election:Mayor, all 11 seats on the El Alto Municipal Council
Opinion Polls:2021 El Alto municipal election#Opinion polling
Registered:703,901
Turnout:90.10% (0.74 pp)
Image1:Mónica Eva Copa Murga (Official Photo, 2015) Alejandra Vaca, Chamber of Senators of Bolivia.jpg
Color1:FD0002
Candidate1:Eva Copa
Party1:J.A.LLALLA.L.P.
Last Election1:new
Seats1:8
Seat Change1: 8
Popular Vote1:406,700
Percentage1:68.70%
Swing1:new
Color2:143A83
Candidate2:Zacarías Maquera
Party2:MAS-IPSP
Last Election2:4 seats, 32.34%
Seats2:3
Seat Change2: 1
Popular Vote2:113,310
Percentage2:19.14%
Swing2: 13.2 pp
Color3:FFD700
Candidate3:Henry Contreras
Party3:UN
Last Election3:6 seats, 54.49%
Seats3:0
Seat Change3: 4
Popular Vote3:12,213
Percentage3:2.06%
Swing3: 52.43 pp
Color4:E02D33
Candidate4:Óscar Huanca
Party4:Venceremos
Last Election4:new
Seats4:0
Seat Change4: 2
Popular Vote4:11,331
Percentage4:1.91%
Swing4:new
Color5:FDE102
Candidate5:Javier Tarqui
Party5:SOL.bo
Last Election5:1 seat, 5.85%
Seats5:0
Seat Change5: 1
Popular Vote5:7,428
Percentage5:1.25%
Swing5: 4.6 pp
Mayor
Before Election:Soledad Chapetón
Before Party:UN
Posttitle:Mayor after election
After Election:Eva Copa
After Party:J.A.LLALLA.L.P.

The 2021 El Alto municipal election was held on Sunday, 7 March 2021, to elect the mayor and eleven councillors to the El Alto Municipal Council. Incumbent Mayor Soledad Chapetón was eligible to seek a second term but declined for personal reasons. Fourteen fronts (seven civic groups and seven political parties) presented candidates. In the election, Eva Copa of the Jallalla La Paz civic group handily defeated Movement for Socialism nominee Zacarías Maquera and thirteen other candidates with 68.70% of the vote to become El Alto's mayor.

History

Background

In the 2015 municipal elections, the National Unity Front (UN) displaced the ruling Movement for Socialism (MAS-IPSP) from its political stronghold, winning the mayor's office and six of the eleven seats on the Municipal Council; the MAS took four seats and the Sovereignty and Liberty (SOL.bo) civic group won one.[1]

As with all other departmental, provincial, and municipal elected officials, the set term of incumbent Mayor Soledad Chapetón and the Municipal Council was due to expire in mid-2020, completing a five-year mandate started in 2015. However, due to the annulment of the 2019 general election as a result of that year's political crisis and the delay of the rerun elections to October 2020, the terms of subnational authorities were extended by one year.[2]

Political groups and campaigns

Movement for Socialism

Pre-candidates

A total of sixteen individuals appeared on the party's published list of pre-candidates considered for the nomination by the MAS:[3]

Selection process

According to David Apaza, regional president of the MAS in El Alto, retaking control of one of the party's historic strongholds was of vital importance in order to coordinate the city's administration with the government. Within the MAS, pre-candidates seeking the nomination are analyzed and elected by party leaders in conjunction with regional social organizations. No less than twenty-two pre-candidates were put forward for consideration. Among social organizations, union and social leaders such as Emilio Gutiérrez, Gerardo Itapallu, Claudio Luna, Rodolfo Mancilla, Rubén Paz, Daniel Ramos, Basilio Villasanti, and Rudy Luis Alberto Yampa, among others, were those presented. Additionally, former legislators Lucio Marca and Javier Quispe and former ministers Wilma Alanoca and Mabel Monje were considered.[4] [5]

Among the main contenders were former senator Eva Copa and former deputy Sergio Choque, each of whom had been presidents of their respective chambers in the outgoing assembly, as well as Zacarías "Ratuki " Maquera, former acting mayor of El Alto, and Abel Mamani, former minister of water.[6] Choque campaigned on his long experience within El Alto, first as a prominent trade unionist in the city and then as a deputy in the Legislative Assembly for one of its districts. He assured that "I know the fourteen districts, I know their demands and I could immediately give answers".[7] [8] Mamani, meanwhile, was close to national leaders within the party but failed to garner support from local MAS blocs who accused him of not coordinating with social organizations and presenting his candidacy without support of the bases.[9] The candidates that received the most local support were Copa —especially among younger party members— and Maquera, who was endorsed by various unions.

Finally, on 26 December 2020, MAS leader Rodolfo Machaca announced that, after a series of meetings in El Alto, the party had successfully reached a consensus on its mayoral candidate. Machaca stated that, in the election, the finalists were Wilma Alanoca, Daniel Ramos, Eva Copa, and Zacarías Maquera, and that all of the remaining pre-candidates, with the exception of Copa, who abstained from voting, gave their support for Maquera.[10]

Jallalla La Paz

Two days after the announcement of Maquera as the MAS' candidate, the civic group Jallalla La Paz (J.A.LLALLA.L.P.) of Leopoldo Chui proclaimed Copa as its mayoral candidate.[11] Her choice to present her candidacy under an acronym separate from the MAS resulted in her expulsion from the party shortly after. Such a decision proved to have broadly negative consequences for the MAS. Copa received overwhelming popular support in the city, especially among Alteño youth, who expressed their discontent with the "dinosaurs" that made up the MAS leadership. They broadly supported her pledge to "build a new political project where young people have opportunities to emerge".[12] Discontent with party leadership was a topic echoed by the Great General Headquarters of El Alto, a collection of twenty-one union and social organizations that endorsed Copa's campaign. For union leaders like Bernardo Huanca, the choice of Maquera reflected the "dedazo" of party boss Evo Morales against the popular will of grassroots organizations in the city.[13]

National Unity Front

In 2019, UN announced its intent to postulate Chapetón for a second mayoral term in the 2020 municipal election.[14] However, by late 2020, Chapetón announced that she would not seek reelection and would take a break from politics entirely due to the fact that she was twenty weeks pregnant.[15] On 25 December 2020, UN proclaimed Henry Contreras, former municipal secretary of Citizen Attention and Governance and one of the major figures of Chapetón's administration, as its mayoral candidate.[16] Contreras ran on a platform focused on combating the health crisis, expanding education by constructing more classroom and financing the university education of outstanding students, and promoting entrepreneurship within the city.[17]

Other political organizations

Ten additional political parties and civic groups presented their own mayoral candidates:

Councilman and formal Municipal Council president Óscar Huanca presented his mayoral candidacy on 7 December 2020.[18] In October 2018, Huanca, together with another El Alto councilwoman and other UN authorities, had split from the party to form the Venceremos civic group.[19] Huanca's campaign presented itself as a native Alteño alternative to the more departmentally or nationally focused parties. Additionally, he pledged that, should he win, he would immediately move to reduce his salary to the national minimum (Bs2,122).[20]

The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) presented the renowned social worker and television personality Fermín Tarquino as its mayoral candidate. However, shortly into the campaign, on 9 January 2021, Tarquino was hospitalized in La Paz after contracting COVID-19. He died from the disease less than a month later, on 26 January.[21] As a result, the PDC sought to recruit Roberto de la Cruz, a former authority of the Regional Workers' Center, though he rejected the offer.[22] The party eventually settled on Abigail Aguilar as its candidate. She ran on decongesting streets through dialogue with drivers' unions and a program aimed at delivering one million cell phones to the city's population.[23]

Additionally, Irene Mamani ran on behalf of Somos Pueblo (PBCSP), the alliance between Rafael Quispe's New Social Option civic group and the Social Democratic Movement. Javier Tarqui, the only incumbent member of the Municipal Council for SOL.bo, ran as the civic group's mayoral candidate. Civic Community (CC) —the country's primary national opposition bloc— postulated Rómulo Venegas, a university professor, as its candidate in conjunction with the civic group Autonomies for Bolivia (APB). Óscar Chirinos and Claudio Lunas, both ex-Masistas, were presented by the Movement for Sovereignty (MPS) and the Patriotic Social Alliance (ASP), respectively. Finally, businessman Hugo Dávalos, professor Pablo Merma, and religious leader Gregorio Condori each ran on behalf of the Front for Victory (FPV), Third System Movement (MTS), and Bolivian National Action Party (PAN-BOL).[24]

Mayoral election

Opinion polling

Poll sourceDateCopaMaqueraContrerasHuancaMamaniPDCTarquiCondoriVenegasMermaChirinosLunaDávalosUINone
Ciesmori8 March (exit poll)66.8%19.9%2.2%2.0%1.7%1.4%1.2%1.2%0.9%0.8%0.7%0.6%0.5%0.1%
Ciesmori25 February74.9%6.7%1.0%1.1%0.0%0.0%0.3%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.7%0.0%0.3%14.5%
Focaliza21 February72.9%7.7%1.1%1.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.6%0.0%0.0%0.2%15.8%
Ciesmori15–22 February87.6%7.8%1.1%1.3%0.2%0.0%0.4%0.4%0.0%0.0%0.8%0.0%0.4%0.0%
Ciesmori11 February76.1%6.6%0.3%0.0%0.3%0.0%1.0%0.0%0.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.3%0.0%14.7%
Ciesmori24 January66.4%8.5%0.6%1.9%0.9%1.1%0.8%0.4%0.9%0.4%0.0%0.0%0.4%0.0%

Results

Municipal Council election

Jallalla won an absolute majority of eight of the eleven seats on the El Alto Municipal Council while the MAS took the remaining three. UN, Venceremos, and SOL.bo lost all representation on the council.[25]

References

Footnotes

Notes and References

  1. News: Escóbar. Luis. 2015-03-30. El MAS pierde su bastión en El Alto y Soledad obtiene un 55%. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034903/https://www.paginasiete.bo/decision2016/2015/3/30/pierde-bastion-alto-soledad-obtiene-51797.html. live.
  2. News: Soledad Chapetón declina ir a la reelección por la Alcaldía de El Alto. es. UNITEL. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 2022-01-16.
  3. News: 2020-11-22. Los precandidatos del MAS para la alcaldía de El Alto. es. El Alto Digital. 2022-01-17. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117092153/https://www.elaltodigital.com/politica/los-precandidatos-del-mas-para-la-alcaldia-de-el-alto/. live.
  4. News: Tedesqui Vargas. Luis Marcelo. 2020-12-18. El MAS tiene 22 precandidatos para la Alcaldía de El Alto. es. El Deber. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 2022-01-16. 1 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210301100032/https://eldeber.com.bo/edicion-impresa/el-mas-tiene-22-precandidatos-para-la-alcaldia-de-el-alto_212668. live.
  5. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2020-11-19. El MAS suma 16 precandidatos en El Alto, oposición aún analiza sus fichas. es. Página Siete. La Paz. live. 2022-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20201127102104/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2020/11/19/el-mas-suma-16-precandidatos-en-el-alto-oposicion-aun-analiza-sus-fichas-275396.html. 2020-11-27.
  6. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2020-12-14. Cuatro líderes del MAS compiten en El Alto por la nominación a la Alcaldía. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-16. 19 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201119012527/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2020/11/14/cuatro-lideres-del-mas-compiten-en-el-alto-por-la-nominacion-la-alcaldia-274909.html. live.
  7. News: 2020-10-26. Choque sobre su candidatura a la alcaldía de El Alto: 'Si el pueblo me lo pide, lo aceptaría'. es. Urgente.bo. 2022-01-16.
  8. News: 2020-11-16. Exdiputado Sergio Choque aspira a ser candidato del MAS a alcalde de El Alto. es. Correo del Sur. Erbol. La Paz. Sucre. 2022-01-16. 20 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210120153120/https://correodelsur.com/politica/20201116_exdiputado-sergio-choque-aspira-a-ser-candidato-del-mas-a-alcalde-de-el-alto.html. live.
  9. News: 2020-12-02. Bloques del MAS desconocen a Abel Mamani como precandidato a la alcaldía de El Alto. es. Urgente.bo. 2022-01-16.
  10. News: 2020-12-26. MAS anuncia a Zacarías Maquera como candidato a alcalde de El Alto. es. Erbol. 2022-01-16. 26 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201226213844/https://erbol.com.bo/nacional/mas-anuncia-zacar%C3%ADas-maquera-como-candidato-alcalde-de-el-alto. live.
  11. News: 2020-12-28. Eva Copa es candidata a la Alcaldía de El Alto por Jallalla La Paz: 'Esperé (al MAS) hasta último momento'. es. UNITEL. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. live. 2022-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126074806/https://unitel.bo/politica/eva-copa-es-candidata-a-la-alcaldia-de-el-alto-por-jallalla-la-paz-espere-al-mas-hasta-ultimo-moment_140767. 2021-01-26.
  12. News: 2021-01-01. El MAS expulsa a la expresidenta del Senado boliviano Eva Copa. es. Europa Press. Madrid. live. 2022-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20211031072742/https://www.europapress.es/internacional/noticia-mas-expulsa-expresidenta-senado-boliviano-eva-copa-20210101154302.html. 2021-10-31.
  13. News: 2020-12-26. El MAS anuncia a Zacarías Maquera como candidato a alcalde de El Alto; organizaciones sociales insisten con Eva Copa. es. El Alto Digital. El Alto. live. 2022-01-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220116082809/https://www.elaltodigital.com/politica/el-mas-anuncia-a-zacarias-maquera-como-candidato-a-alcalde-de-el-alto-organizaciones-sociales-insisten-con-eva-copa/. 2022-01-16.
  14. News: Calle. Esperanza. 2019-09-18. UN busca reelección de Chapetón en las subnacionales 2020. es. El Alteño. El Alto. 2022-01-16. 22 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190922105944/http://www.elalteno.com.bo/ciudad/20190918/un-busca-reeleccion-de-chapeton-en-las-subnacionales-2020. live.
  15. News: 2020-12-21. Chapetón confirma que no buscará la reelección y que espera un bebé. es. El Deber. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034845/https://eldeber.com.bo/usted-elige/chapeton-confirma-que-no-buscara-la-reeleccion-y-que-espera-un-bebe_213026. live.
  16. News: 2020-12-15. Henry Contreras será el sucesor de Soledad Chapetón; UN lo proclamó candidato a la Alcaldía de El Alto. es. El Deber. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034905/https://eldeber.com.bo/pais/henry-contreras-sera-el-sucesor-de-soledad-chapeton-un-lo-proclamo-candidato-a-la-alcaldia-de-el-alt_213456. live.
  17. News: 2021-01-14. Conozca las propuestas de Henry Contreras, candidato a la Alcaldía de El Alto. es. ATB. La Paz. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034917/https://www.atb.com.bo/pol%C3%ADtica/conozca-las-propuestas-de-henry-contreras-candidato-la-alcald%C3%ADa-de-el-alto. live.
  18. News: 2020-12-07. Venceremos proclama a Óscar Huanca como candidato a la Alcaldía de El Alto. es. Urgente.bo. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034927/https://urgente.bo/noticia/venceremos-proclama-%C3%B3scar-huanca-como-candidato-la-alcald%C3%ADa-de-el-alto. live.
  19. News: 2018-10-21. Agrupación Venceremos reúne a varios opositores. es. Correo del Sur. EFE. Sucre. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034905/https://correodelsur.com/politica/20181021_agrupacion-venceremos-reune-a-varios-opositores.html. live.
  20. News: Mamani Lima. Moises Fernando. 2021-03-07. Óscar Huanca, Candidato a Alcaldía alteña por Venceremos, afirma que cumplió con su deber. es. La Octava. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117034905/https://laoctavabo.com/2021/03/07/oscar-huanca-candidato-a-alcaldia-altena-por-venceremos-afirmo-que-cumplio-con-su-deber/. live.
  21. News: 2021-01-26. Otro candidato a las elecciones subnacionales fallece por covid-19 en Bolivia. es. Swissinfo. EFE. La Paz. Bern. 2022-01-17. 7 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007200352/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/coronavirus-bolivia_otro-candidato-a-las-elecciones-subnacionales-fallece-por-covid-19-en-bolivia/46319690. live.
  22. News: 2021-02-10. PDC invita a Roberto La Cruz para ser candidato a la alcaldía de El Alto. es. Urgente.bo. 2022-01-17. 7 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007200328/https://urgente.bo/noticia/pdc-invita-roberto-la-cruz-para-ser-candidato-la-alcald%C3%ADa-de-el-alto. live.
  23. News: 2021-02-25. Conozca las propuestas de Abigail Aguilar, candidata a la Alcaldía de El Alto por el PDC. es. ATB. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 7 October 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007211753/https://www.atb.com.bo/pol%C3%ADtica/conozca-las-propuestas-de-abigail-aguilar-candidata-la-alcald%C3%ADa-de-el-alto-por-el-pdc. live.
  24. News: 2021-01-05. Conozca a los 13 candidatos a alcalde de El Alto. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-16. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117040811/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/1/5/conozca-los-13-candidatos-alcalde-de-el-alto-280195.html. live.
    • By candidate:
    Henry Contreras
  25. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-13. 'Hemos hecho más obras que Patana'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 13 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210213172126/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/13/hemos-hecho-mas-obras-que-patana-284321.html. live.
    Óscar Huanca
  26. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-09. 'Si me eligen, mi salario será el mínimo nacional'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 9 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209183311/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/9/si-me-eligen-mi-salario-sera-el-minimo-nacional-283831.html. live.
    Irene Mamani
  27. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-10. 'Lucharé para que haya un partido para la mujer'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117135905/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/10/luchare-para-que-haya-un-partido-para-la-mujer-283942.html. live.
    Javier Tarqui
  28. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-10. 'Seremos la sorpresa en estas elecciones'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 6 March 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210306084608/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/10/seremos-la-sorpresa-en-estas-elecciones-283943.html. live.
    Rómulo Venegas
  29. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-20. 'Hoy a los alteños nos ven como una escalera'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 20 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220144101/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/20/hoy-los-altenos-nos-ven-como-una-escalera-284941.html. live.
    Óscar Chirinos
  30. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-18. 'El principio del fin del MAS se inició en 2006'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 18 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218145425/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/18/oscar-chirinos-el-principio-del-fin-del-mas-se-inicio-en-2006-284714.html. live.
    Hugo Dávalos
  31. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-13. 'Hay escasez de ofertas en los candidatos'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 13 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210213171119/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/13/hay-escasez-de-ofertas-en-los-candidatos-284320.html. live.
    Pablo Merma
  32. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-18. 'El MTS no es de derecha ni izquierda'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 18 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210218152121/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/18/pablo-merma-el-mts-no-es-de-derecha-ni-izquierda-284716.html. live.
    Gregorio Condori
  33. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-09. 'Debemos jubilar a los candidatos viejos'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117135320/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/9/debemos-jubilar-los-candidatos-viejos-283830.html. live.
    Claudio Luna
  34. News: Mamani Cayo. Yolanda. 2021-02-20. 'No tengo militancia, nací en la izquierda'. es. Página Siete. La Paz. 2022-01-17. 20 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210220102215/https://www.paginasiete.bo/nacional/2021/2/20/no-tengo-militancia-naci-en-la-izquierda-284942.html. live.
  35. News: 2021-05-08. Concejales de El Alto gestión 2021–2026. es. El Alto Digital. 2022-01-17. 17 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220117143810/https://www.elaltodigital.com/politica/concejales-de-el-alto-gestion-2021-2026/. live.

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