2020 in politics explained

Events pertaining to world affairs in 2020, national politics, public policy, government, world economics, and international business, that took place in various nations, regions, organizations, around the world in 2020.

January

• January 1
  • All works published in 1924, except for some sound recordings, are now in the public domain in the United States.^[1]
  • Crowds of protesters breach the US embassy compound in Baghdad, Iraq, and then withdrew after US Marines fired tear gas. The unrest occurred in response to US airstrikes on pro-Iranian militias in Iraq.^{[2] [3]}
  • Recreational marijuana becomes legal in Illinois, United States.^[4]
  • State laws on bail, the gig economy, minimum wages, data privacy, and red flag gun control take effect in several U.S. states, that includes California, New York, Colorado, Nevada, and Hawaii.^[5]
  • Several new federal regulations take effect in the US as of this date, including new regulations on retirement funds, minimum wage rules, and overtime rules.^[6]
• January 2
  • The government of New South Wales, Australia, declares a State of emergency to take effect January 3 as bushfires rage, threatening human lives and property as well as wiping out as many as 500 million animals.^[7]
  • 750 US troops prepare to be deployed to Iraq to defend US Embassy in Baghdad.^[8]
  • Turkey reports a new refugee influx and possible crisis, as 250,000 Syrians flee Syria for Turkey, due to Syrian government attacks on rebel groups around Idlib.^[9]
  • Zoran Zaev, the prime minister of North Macedonia, resigns. Oliver Spasovski is interim prime minister until a new government can be organized after the April 12 election.^[10]
  • A female-majority cabinet is sworn in for the first time in Austria. It is also the first time The Greens – The Green Alternative forms part of the ruling coalition, in alliance with the conservative Austrian People's Party.^[11]
    • January 3 President Donald Trump approves the targeted killing of Iranian general Qasem Soleimani and Iraqi paramilitary leader Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis in Baghdad, Iraq. Fears of a conflict between Iran and the U.S. results in World War III trending on Twitter.^[12]
  • Spain's electoral commission prohibits Catalan president Quim Torra from serving in the regional parliament.^[13]
• January 4 – An airstrike against the military academy south of Tripoli, Libya, kills 16 and wounds 37.^[14]
• January 5 – Former Prime Minister Zoran Milanović defeats President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović with 53% of the vote in the 2020 Croatian Presidential Election.^[15]
• January 6
  • Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison acknowledges that climate change plays a role in Australia's bushfires, in a reversal of his previous stance.^[16]
  • US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announces she will introduce a resolution to limit President Trump's ability to take actions against Iran.^[17]
  • At a meeting of the Lima Group, Argentina and Mexico abstain from supporting Juan Guaidó as president of the General Assembly of Venezuela.^[18]
• January 7 – Pedro Sánchez takes office as President of the Government of Spain on a vote of 167 in favor, 165 against, and 18 abstentions.^[19]
• January 8
  • Two U.S. military bases in Iraq are hit with a dozen missiles fired by Iran; no casualties or serious damage reported.^[20] U.S. President Donald Trump says Iran "appears to be standing down" after the killing of Qasem Soleimani but announces new sanctions against Iran.^[21]
  • As many as 25 Crore (250 million) people join a general strike in India in response to Bharat Bandh labor reforms.^{[22] [23]}
• January 9 – The International Olympic Committee bans political gestures by athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics.^[24]
• January 10
  • On January 11, 2020, Russia announced that a ceasefire had been agreed to in the area of Idlib and Northwest Syria, between Russia, Syria, Syrian rebels and Turkey. This was due to requests by Turkey for a ceasefire, in order to stop the flood of Syrian refugees into Turkey.^{[25] [26] [27]} However, some regional news outlets reported that Syria launched further attacks near Idlib, in Maarat al-Numan district and the villages of Maar Shoreen, Talmenes, and Maar Shamshah, even after the ceasefire had officially begun.^[28]
• January 11
  • Taiwanese general election

Progressive Tsai Ing-Wen is reelected with 7.8 million votes (90% of the votes counted).^[29]

• • Legislators in Northern Ireland form a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017.^[30]
  • Iran takes responsibility for "unintentionally" shooting down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 that killed 176 people on January 8. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau demands "transparency and justice for the families and loved ones of the victims."^[31]
  • British police say it was an "error of judgment" to label 'Extinction Rebellion' a terrorist group.^[32]
• January 12
  • 13,000 participate in a "Run Against Dictatorship" in Bangkok, demanding that Thai prime minister Prayut Chan-o-cha step down.^[33]
  • A nuclear alert about Pickering Nuclear Generating Station was erroneously sent to millions in Ontario, Canada.^[34]
  • Same-sex couples can legally register for marriage in Northern Ireland.^[35]
• January 14
  • Alejandro Giammattei is inaugurated as President of Guatemala.^[36]
  • Japanese Deputy Prime Minister Taro Aso is under fire for describing Japan as a single race and single language country, ignoring 200,000 indigenous Ainu people and 760,000 ethnic Koreans.^[37]
  • New Guatemalan President Alejandro Giammattei takes office after a five-hour delay due to protests. Outgoing president Morales is pelted with eggs.^[38]
• January 15
  • The Prime Minister of Russia, Dmitry Medvedev announces that the entire Russian government will resign. This occurred due to a proposal from Putin for new laws and reforms that would vastly increase his power.^[39]
  • U.S. Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi names the seven managers of the impeachment team and the House votes to send its impeachment resolutions to the Senate for a trial of President Donald Trump.^[40]
  • Filipe Nyusi is sworn in for another term as president of Mozambique while the opposition boycotts the ceremony amidst charges of electoral fraud.^[41]
  • Turkey lifts its ban on Wikipedia, due to a ruling by the Turkish High Constitutional Court.^[42]
• January 16
  • Pope Francis names Italian lawyer Francesca Di Giovanni as the under-secretary in the Section for Relations with States, the arm of the Catholic church that handles the foreign relations of the Holy See. She is the first woman appointed to a post at that level.^[43]
  • The impeachment of Donald John Trump formally moves into its trial phase in the United States Senate.^[44]
  • Guatemala breaks off diplomatic relations with Venezuela^[45]
  • Mikhail Vladimirovich Mishustin is appointed as Prime Minister of Russia. He previously served as Director of the Federal Tax Service from 2010 to 2020. He was nominated for Prime Minister of the Russian Federation by President Vladimir Putin.^[46] Hearings on his appointment were held in the State Duma on January 16, and he was confirmed to the office that day.^[47]
• January 18
  • French police called for backup as protesters tried to storm a theater where President Emmanuel Macron and his wife were watching The Fly.^[48]
  • Turkey President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan urges leaders of the European Union to support the government of Libya in peace talks in Berlin.^[49] Libyan opposition leader General Khalifa Haftar seeks support in Greece.^[50]
  • Violence escalates in Beirut, Lebanon, with 377 protesters and 142 members of security forces injured during nine hours of clashes; 43 people were arrested and later released.^[51]
• January 20 – Norway's ruling coalition falls apart after repatriation of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) bride.^[52]
• January 22 – Katerina Sakellaropoulou is elected the first female president of Greece.^[53]
• January 23 – U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin, 58, says Greta Thunberg, 17, should study economics if she wants to talk about climate change. Mnunchin has a bachelor's degree in economics.^[54]
• January 26 – 2020 Peruvian parliamentary election. No party wins a majority, but centrists dominate.^[55]
• January 27
  • Manzoor Pashteen, a leading activist against corruption in the Pakistani military, is arrested.^[56]
• January 31 – The United Nations Security Council approves an extension of an arms embargo against the Central African Republic only until July 31, 2020.^[57]

February

• February 1 – Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas threatens to cut security ties to the United States and Israel.^[58]
• February 3
  • The Supreme Court nullifies the results of the 2019 Malawian general election due to widespread irregularities. President Peter Mutharika will stay in power until new elections on July 2, 2020.^[59]
  • "Technical irregularities" delay the vote counting of the Iowa Democratic caucuses, the first step in the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries in the United States.^[60]
• February 5
  • Thomas Kemmerich of the Free Democratic Party (FDP) is elected governor of Thuringia, Germany, with support from the AfD party. This is the first time in modern history that a state governor has been elected with the support of the far-right AfD.^[61]
  • The US Senate voted on whether or not to convict the president on the charges and evidence as they were presented and debated upon.^[62] The senators voted 52 to 48 to find President Trump not guilty on the charge of abuse of power (all 45 Democrats, independent senators Bernie Sanders and Angus King, and Republican senator Romney voted guilty). They voted 53 to 47, in a party line vote, to find him not guilty on the charge of obstruction of Congress^[63]
• February 9
  • Sudanese leader Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan meets with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel.^[64]
  • Former deputy Prime Minister Mubarak al-Fadil al-Mahdi of Sudan states that it would be good to normalize relations with Israel.^[65]
• February 11
  • Palestinians withdraw their request for the UN Security Council to discuss the proposed peace plan offered by the Trump Administration of the United States.^[66]
  • President Trump submits a new federal budget for the upcoming fiscal year. It would increase defense spending and cut social programs.^[67]
  • 2020 Azerbaijani parliamentary election The ruling party takes about 65 of 125 seats.^[68]
  • 2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election's results announced with Aam Aadmi Party securing 62 of 70 seats.
• February 14
  • German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier criticizes the United States for rejecting "even the idea of an international community." He also criticized Russia and China.^[69]
  • The U.S. issues a travel ban against Sri Lanka general Shavendra Silva for human rights violations.^[70]
  • Benjamin Griveaux, 42, French President Macron's preferred candidate for mayor of Paris, withdraws his candidacy after a sex video is leaked.^[71]
• February 15
  • Thousands protest in eastern Germany against the role Christian Democrats and the Free Democratic Party in supporting a far-right political party in Thuringia.^[72]
  • U.S. Defense Secretary Mark Esper says that a "reduction in violence" deal reached with the Taliban in Afghanistan "looks very promising." The agreement is expected to be formally announced on February 16 and to go into effect on February 17.^[73]
  • Venezuela carries out military exercises and drills amidst growing tensions with the United States. Opposition leader Juan Guaidó returns after a three-week tour that included a visit with the U.S. president.^[74]
  • Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg supports increased taxes in Europe for Silicon Valley tech giants.^[75]
• February 16
  • A Saudi jet crashes in Al Jawf Region after being shot down by Houthi rebels. 31 civilians are killed and 12 injured in a retaliatory strike in Yemen.^[76]
  • 2020 Guinean legislative election.
  • Tesla is ordered to stop work on a factory in Germany due to environmental concerns.^[77]
  • North Macedonia's parliament is dissolved ahead of the April election.^[78]
  • Software problems force the suspension of the 2020 Dominican Republic municipal elections.^[79]
  • Ivanka Trump praises Saudi Arabia and other Mideast countries for the advances they have made on women's rights.^[80]
  • French Health Minister Agnès Buzyn announces her candidacy for mayor of Paris, after Benjamin Griveaux drops out.^[81]
  • Strikes among seasonal ski resort workers break out against unemployment reforms at 50 locations in France, from the Alps to the Pyrenees.^[82]
• February 17 – 3,000 interns in the public service sector of Spain protest against the lack of a permanent contract. 21.6% of Spanish government employees are considered "temporary."^[83]
• February 18 – Incumbent Ashraf Ghani is declared the winner of the 2019 Afghan presidential election with 50.64% of the votes.^[84]
• February 19 – President Trump replaces acting director of national intelligence Joseph Maguire with the inexperienced ambassador to Germany Richard Grenell after Maguire's office tells the United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence that Russia intends to interfere in the 2020 United States elections.^[85]
• February 20
  • A terrorist attack by a right-wing extremist Hanau, Hesse, Germany, leaves eleven dead including the suspect.^[86]
  • Israel asks that the Carnaval parade in Aalst, Belgium be canceled because of anti-Semitism.^[87]
  • The U.S. sanctions five Iranian clerics after they blocked 7,000 candidates in the upcoming parliamentary elections.^[88]
• February 21 – 2020 Iranian legislative election.
• February 22 – 2020 Togolese presidential election.^[89] Incumbent President Faure Gnassingbe wins reelection with 72% of the vote.^[90]
• February 23 – Police in Haiti violently protest against money being spent on a carnaval celebrations instead of their salaries.^[91]
• February 24 – Seven people, including a police officer, are killed in protests against new immigration laws in New Delhi, India before a visit by U.S. President Donald Trump.^[92]
• February 29
  • Egypt says it will use "all means" to defend its interests in a dispute with Ethiopia and Sudan over a dam on the Nile River.^[93]
  • The United States and the Taliban sign an agreement that may lead to the end of the war in Afghanistan.^[94]
  • Eight members of Hezbollah are killed by Turkish troops in Syria. Last week, 33 Turkish soldiers were killed in the fighting.^[95]
  • 10,000 to 22,000 people march in Moscow in memory of slain dissident Boris Nemtsov.^[96]

March

• March 1 – The Prime-Minister-designate of Iraq, Mohammed Allawi withdrew from his run for the post, accusing political parties of obstructing him, creating a domestic crisis and also a possible power vacuum. This decision occurred hours after the Iraqi parliament declined for the second time in a week to approve his cabinet.^[97]
• March 2
  • The U.N. envoy to Libya, Ghassan Salame, 69, steps down because of health concerns.^[98] Peace efforts seem further off than ever.^[99]
  • 2020 Israeli legislative election.
  • Russian President Vladimir Putin submits changes to enshrine God and heterosexuality in the constitution.^[100]
• March 6 – Thousands march in Brussels for the European Climate Strike as the warmest winter on record comes to a close.^[101]
• March 7 – The Saudi government arrests three members of the royal family in a move to consolidate Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman's power.^[102]
• March 8 – Women's marches
  • Pakistan – Aurat March ("Women's March") in Pakistan.^[103]
  • Mexico – 100,000 women march in Mexico City,^[104] Monterrey,^[105] and other cities in Mexico.^[106]
  • Chile – Between 190,000 and 300,000 people march in Santiago, Chile and 800,000 across the country.^[107]
  • Other countries – Three masked men attack demonstrators in Kyrgyzstan. Hundreds protest in the Philippines. Marches in several countries are canceled or have lower attendance than in 2019 due to COVID-19.^[108]
• March 9 – Women strike across the country, demanding an end to violence against women in Mexico.^{[109] [110]} The Chamber of Deputies and banks are forced to close.^[111]
• March 11 – Lawmakers in Russia approve legal changes that will allow President Vladimir Putin to remain in office until 2036. The changes still have to be approved the Constitutional Court and in a nation-wide referendum scheduled for April.^[112]
• March 15
  • Voters in France participate in local elections despite concerns about the coronavirus pandemic. A second round will be held on March 22.^[113]
  • Blue and White Party leader Benny Gantz is asked by Israel's president to form a government.^[114]
  • Pro-government protesters march across Brazil, ignoring social distancing recommendations.^[115]
  • Saudi authorities detain 298 government employees, including members of the military, accusing them of abuse of power, bribery, money laundering, and corruption. 379 million riyals ($101 million) are involved.^[116]
  • Anti-immigrant protests turn violent in Chios and Lesbos, Greece.^[117]
  • King Felipe VI of Spain renounces the inheritance from his father, King Emerit Juan Carlos I, who is accused of receiving €88 million ($100 million) in Saudi Arabian kickbacks. King Felipe will also take away Juan Carlos's pension.^[118]
• March 16 – Governments across Latin America impose strict measures to control the coronavirus.^[119]
  • Peru puts military personnel on the streets, blocking major roads and suspending freedom of assembly.
  • Costa Rica closes its borders.
  • Colombia closes its maritime, river, and land borders but shares information with Venezuela, where there are 33 cases of coronavirus.
  • In Chile, at least six passengers from the cruise ship are treated in hospitals in Patagonia after they tested positive for coronavirus.
  • Paraguay restricts crowds and enforces an 8 p.m. curfew.
  • President Lenin Moreno of Ecuador plans to begin a curfew on March 17.
  • Panama reports 69 cases of coronavirus.
• March 16
  • U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo tells his Chinese counterpart Yang Jiechi in a phone call to request Chinese officials to stop using official media channels to blame the United States for the coronavirus while Yang tells Pompeo to request American officials to stop slandering China and its anti-epidemic efforts. The call comes on the day that the World Health Organization says more coronavirus cases and deaths have been reported in the rest of the world than in China.^[120]
  • French President Emmanuel Macron announces the banning of social gatherings and the postponement of the second round of the 2020 French municipal elections.^[121]
• March 17
  • Heavy fighting kills 38 in central Yemen.^[122]
  • The Niger Armed Forces say they have killed 50 members of Boko Haram in Toumour.^[123]
• March 20
  • India hangs four men convicted of a violent gang rape in 2012.^[124]
  • Luis Almagro is reelected Secretary-General of the Organization of American States (OAS).^[125]
  • The United States continues its high-pressure sanctions against Iran despite the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran; the sanctions do not prohibit humanitarian aid.^[126]
• March 21 – North Korea test-fires two ballistic missiles into the Sea of Japan.^[127]
• March 24 – A diplomatic dispute between China and Brazil ends when the former offers to help Brazil cope with the coronavirus pandemic. Brazil reports 1,891 cases and 34 deaths; São Paulo is on lockdown.^[128]
• March 25 – The Group of Seven cannot agree on a joint statement about the coronavirus pandemic because the United States Secretary of State insists on referring to it as the “Wuhan virus”.^[129] At a meeting of the United Nations Security Council, France proposes "general and immediate cessation of hostilities in all countries," including a 30-day pause in conflicts, to allow coronavirus-related supplies to flow. The United States insists that the resolution include a reference to the Wuhan, China, origin of the coronavirus. Russia insists that ambassadors vote in person.^[130]
• March 27
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson tests positive for COVID-19, and will self-isolate in 10 Downing Street.^[131]
  • Health Secretary for the United Kingdom, Matt Hancock tests positive for COVID-19 and reports that he is remote working and self-isolating.^[132]
  • Seven ships from the Russian Navy are monitored by the British Royal Navy in the English Channel and the North Sea.^[133]
  • Saudi Arabia says it intercepted two ballistic missiles in an attack that Yemen's Houthi launched towards Riyadh and areas near the Yemeni border. The attacks came days after Yemen's warring parties welcomed a U.N. call for a truce to fight the COVID-19 outbreak.^[134]
  • Monuments across the world turn off their lights at 8:30 p.m. in honor of Earth Hour.^[135]
• March 30 – The National Liberation Army (ELN) rebels in Colombia have declared a unilateral ceasefire for a month starting April 1. There are 700 infections and 10 deaths related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia.^[136]

April

• April 4
  • Vietnam protests after a Chinese maritime surveillance vessel rammed a fishing boat near the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea (East Sea).^[137]
  • Sir Keir Starmer is confirmed as the new leader of the Labour Party, succeeding Jeremy Corbyn.^[138]
• April 5
  • Queen Elizabeth II makes a rare broadcast to the UK and the wider Commonwealth, something she has done on only four previous occasions. In the address she thanks people for following the government's social distancing rules and pays tribute to key workers, and says the UK "will succeed" in its fight against coronavirus but may have "more still to endure".^{[139] [140]}
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is admitted to hospital for tests after testing positive for coronavirus ten days earlier.^[141]
• April 6 – Prime Minister Boris Johnson is taken into intensive care after being admitted to hospital for coronavirus the day before. It is announced that First Secretary of State Dominic Raab will deputise for him.^[142]
• April 9 – Prime Minister Boris Johnson is moved out of intensive care, but remains in hospital.^[143]
• April 12
  • Bangladhesh executes Abdul Majed for the murder of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founder of the country.^[144]
  • 2020 North Macedonian parliamentary election.
  • Three civilians are killed in India after fighting between India and Pakistan along the border of Kashmir.^[145]
  • COVID-19 pandemic – Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan turns down an offer from Interior Minister Suleyman Soylu to resign after a stay-at-home order led to panic buying.^[146]
  • Prime Minister Boris Johnson is discharged from the hospital after being treated for coronavirus and will continue his recovery at Chequers.^[147]
• April 15 – 2020 South Korean legislative election is held despite the pandemic.^[148] President Moon Jae-in's Democratic Party wins 163 of 300 seats in parliament. Its satellite party, the Platform Party, is expected to win 17 seats for a combined total of 180. The main conservative party of the United Future Party and its satellite party, the Future Korea Party, are expected to take 103 seats.^[149]
• April 18 – Denmark and Poland announce they will not give stimulus money to businesses registered in tax havens.^[150]
• April 19 – Vietnam protests China's establishment of administrative units in the South China Sea.^[151] Malaysia also contests China's more aggressive moves.^[152]
• April 20
  • Benjamin Netanyahu (Likud) and Benny Gantz (Blue and White) agree to the formation of a national emergency government in Israel.^[153]
  • For the second time in four days, a Russian Sukhoi Su-35 intercepts a U.S. Navy aircraft in the eastern Mediterranean. A similar incident happened on June 8.^[154]
• April 22
  • United Nations secretary-general António Guterres says the impact of COVID-19 is "immediate and dreadful" but there is "another, even deeper emergency: the planet's unfolding environmental crisis."^[155]
  • After U.S. President Trump threatened to shoot Iranian patrol boats that get close to U.S. ships in the Persian Gulf,^[156] Tehran says it will destroy "any American terrorist force" if its security is threatened.^[157]
  • The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps launches its first satellite.^[158]
• April 24
  • COVID-19 pandemic: France and Holland pledge almost $10 billion to bail out their national airlines (€7 billion for Air France between €2 and €4 billion for KLM).^[159]
  • China closes its border with Myanmar after fighting in Jiegao, Yunnan. Artillery fire and bullets destroy a gas station in China, but there are no reports of injuries in either country.^[160]
• April 26
  • The Southern Transitional Council (SCT) in Yemen declares self-governance.^[161] The government said local and security authorities in the provinces of Hadramawt, Abyan, Shabwa, al-Mahra, and the island of Socotra dismissed the move as a “clear and definite coup."^[162]
  • Saudi Arabia abolishes capital punishment for minors, except for terrorism cases. Floggings are also banned.^[163]
  • Referendum on new constitution in Chile.^[164]
• April 27 – Boris Johnson returns to work after three weeks of illness. In his first speech outside 10 Downing Street since recovering from coronavirus, he urges the public not to lose patience with the lockdown, warning that the UK is at the moment of "maximum risk".^[165]
• April 28
  • A bombing believed to have been carried out by Kurdish fighters in Turkish-controlled Afrin, Syria kills at least 20 civilians.^[166]
  • Libyan General Khalifa Haftar is accused of carrying out a coup d'état as he puts the eastern part of the country under direct military rule.^[167]
  • Brazil President Jair Bolsonaro appoints key allies to head the Justice Ministry and Federal Police after the Supreme Federal Court authorized an investigation into allegations that Bolsonaro had tried to interfere illegally with the police agency.^[168]

May

• May 1
  • North Korean Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un inaugurates a fertilizer factory, dispelling rumors of his death after twenty days when he was not seen in public.^[169]
  • Fifty-seven people are arrested in a May Day demonstration in Santiago de Chile. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, gatherings of more than fifty people are prohibited. Police say one arrested man was supposed to be in quarantine until May 9.^[170]
  • Canada bans 1,500 kinds of assault weapons.^[171]
• May 6 – Congressman Ken Buck (R-CO) is caught on tape allegedly pressuring a district GOP party chair to sign a false affidavit certifying the results of that district assembly's vote on the nomination of candidates for a Republican primary to replace its term-limited state senator.^{[172] [173]}
• May 10 – 2020 Polish presidential election. The president is expected to win in a landslide as the opposition calls for postponement.^[174] It was announced on May 6 that the election will be postponed indefinitely.^[175]
• May 12 – A bomb explosion attributed to the Islamic State of Afghanistan kills 24 at a funeral in Nangarhar Province, eastern Afghanistan.^[176] Unknown attackers killed 24 and injured 16 others, including new-born babies, mothers, and nurses at a maternity hospital in Kabul.^[177]
• May 16
  • Thousands in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, many wearing masks, demonstrate against a Roam Catholic Mass for Croatia's Nazi-allied soldiers and civilians killed by partisan forces at the end of World War II.^[178]
  • Protests against Stay-at-home orders result in arrests in Warsaw and London.^[179]
  • Satellite pictures show 200 buildings burning in a village in Let Kar, Myanmar. Villagers say the fires were set by government soldiers, but the government says guerrillas from the Arakan Army are responsible.^[180]
• May 17 – Dominican Republic presidential election
• May 20 – 2020 Burundian presidential election^[181] Evariste Ndayishimiye, 52, wins with 69% of the vote and will not face a second-round of voting. President Pierre Nkurunziza will step down and be granted the title ″Supreme Guide.″^[182]
• May 22 – May 2020 New Zealand National Party leadership election.^[183] Todd Muller and Nikki Kaye won.^[184]
• May 24 – China clamps down on dissidents in Hong Kong;^[185] authorities warn that U.S. backing of dissidents could set off a new Cold War.^[186]
• May 26 – The U.S. (AFRICOM) says Russia has sent fighter jets to Tripoli to support the mercenaries trying to topple the government of Libya. Russia says this is ″disinformation.″^[187]
• May 31
  • Opposition leader Mikola Statkevich is arrested in a protest in Minsk, Belarus. 50 opposition activists have been arrested in the last few days, including blogger Sergei Tikhanovsky, who was arrested in Grodno.^[188]
  • People in cities around the world including London, Berlin, and Rio march against police brutality and the murder of George Floyd.^[189]
• May – COVID-19 pandemic: Online criticism of Italy's handling of the pandemic is censored by World Health Organization (WHO) officials. Similar criticism of other large donars, including China and the United Kingdom, is similarly muted.^[190]

June

• June 1
  • Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador announces a "new normal" of partial reopening with a road trip to Cancun and the inauguration of the Mayan Train. Mexico has nearly 100,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and nearly 10,000 deaths.^[191]
  • Nationwide protests continue in the United States a week after the murder of George Floyd at the hands of four police officers.^{[192] [193]}
• June 1 to 5 – Protests against the murder of George Floyd and other instances of police brutality extend to hundreds of cities across at least 40 countries.^{[194] [195] [196] [197] [198]}
• June 6 – Han Kuo-yu, mayor of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, is recalled in a special election.^[199]
• June 11 – President Donald Trump authorizes economic and travel restrictions on International Criminal Court (ICCt) employees who investigate war crimes committed by Americans in the War in Afghanistan.^[200] Prime Minister Imad Khamis was dismissed by President Bashar al-Assad, amid anti-government protests over deteriorating economic conditions.^[201]
• June 15
  • Twenty-two Indian soldiers die in a border clash with Chinese troops in the Ladakh region.^[202]
  • Kyrgyzstan Prime Minister Mukhammedkalyi Abylgaziev resigns amidst scandal and is replaced with Kubatbek Boronov.^[203]
• June 23 – 2020 Malawian presidential election: Opposition alliance leader Lazarus Chakwera, 65, wins with 58.57% of the vote.^[204]
• June 28 – 2020 Polish presidential election: Populist conservative incumbent, Andrzej Duda will face off against the liberal mayor of Warsaw, Rafał Trzaskowski in a second round.^{[205] [206]}

July

• July 1 – 2020 Russian constitutional referendum: President Vladimir Putin is allowed to extend his presidency to 2036.^{[207] [208]}
• July 5 – 2020 Croatian parliamentary election^[209] The conservative Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) wins 66 of 151 seats in parliament.^[210]
• July 9
  • Agnès Callamard, an independent U.N. human rights expert, issues a report insisting an American drone strike that killed Iranian Gen. Qassem Soleimani in January was a “watershed” event in the use of drones and amounted to a violation of international law.^[211]
  • Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan signs a decree handing over Hagia Sophia to Turkey's Religious Affairs Presidency, changing its status from a museum to a mosque.^[212]
• July 10
  • 2020 Singaporean general election

The ruling People's Action Party (PAP) maintained its power, winning 83 of 93 seats in parliament.^[213]

• • The body of Seoul mayor Park Won-soon is found on a mountainside. Park was seen as a reformer but had recently been accused of sexual assault.^[214]
• July 11
  • Thousands protest the arrest of Khabarovsk Governor Sergei Furgal on murder charges in eastern Russia.^[215]
  • Thousands protest against corruption by the Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borisov.^[216]
  • COVID-19 pandemic
    • Thousands protest Israel's economic response to the pandemic.^[217]
    • Thousands of protesters, many masked, march for the fifth night in a row to demand the resignation of Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić. The protests are mostly against the president's handling of the national response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia, where 18,073 cases and 382 deaths have been confirmed.^[218]
• July 12
  • 500,000 voters participate in primary elections for pro-democracy candidates in Hong Kong, in what organizers say is a vote against the national security law.^[219]
  • Second round of Polish presidential election.
  • Thousands of protesters march in Kinshasa, Bukavu, and Kananga; Democratic Republic of the Congo, against the selection of a new election chief aligned with former president Joseph Kabila. Five people were killed in similar protests on July 8.^[220]

August

• August 5 - Lebanon Government declares a two-week State of Emergency, following the Beirut Explosions.^[221]
• August 6
  • Canadian military magazine Kanwa Asian Defence publishes photos that show China sending hundreds of Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicles to Taiwan Strait as tensions rise.^[222]
  • Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry says that his country and Greece have signed an agreement designating an exclusive economic zone in the eastern Mediterranean between the two countries, effectively nullifying an accord between Turkey and the internationally recognized government of Libya.^[223]
  • The Indian Defence Ministry warns that its conflict with China is bound to be long.^[224]
  • Protesers in Beirut, Lebanon, ask visiting French President Emmanuel Macron to intervene to help eradicate the corruption that led to the August 4 explosion that killed 157 and injured at least 5,000.^[225]
• August 7
  • Russia warns that any incoming ballistic missile will be treated as if it were nuclear and would spark a nuclear response.^[226]
  • The United States Department of the Treasury sanctions eleven top officials in Hong Kong and China, including chief executive Carrie Lam.^[227] The move comes only hours after Donald Trump banned social media platforms TikTok and WeChat.^[228]
• August 8
  • Police in Beirut, Lebanon, reportedly react to protesters with tear gas and live ammunition after the August 4 explosion, sending 55 people to local hospitals as 117 others are treated at the scene.^[229]
  • 15,000 protesters march against corruption in downtown Jerusalem, Israel, demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.^[230]
• August 9 – 2020 Belarusian presidential election.^[231] Violent protests and allegations of electoral fraud break out after incumbent President Alexander Lukashenko claims a landslide victory over former teacher Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya.^[232]
• August 10
  • 2020 Trinidad and Tobago general election

Preliminary results give 22 seats to Prime Minister Keith Rowley's People's National Movement (PNM) and 19 seats to the opposition United National Congress (UNC).^[233]

• • Hong Kong billionaire activist and newspaper publisher Jimmy Lai is arrested under security law.^[234]
  • Lebanese Prime Minister Hassan Diab and his cabinet resign.^[235]
• August 12 – Mexico arrests Jesús Orta and eighteen other former top police officials in a crackdown on corruption.^[236]
• August 13 – Donald Trump says the United Arab Emirates and Israel have agreed to reestablish diplomatic relations.^[237]
• August 16
  • 2020 Belarusian protests

Despite week-long protests against vote fraud in Belarus, President Alexander Lukashenko rejects calls for new elections.^[238]

• • Lebanese President Michel Aoun says it would be "Impossible" for him to resign following the explosion that killed 170 and left hundreds of thousands homeless.^[239]
• August 18 – Russian media report that Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko says he will allow new elections after the country adopts a new constitution. He had previously said that he would have to be killed before there could be new elections.^[240]
• August 20 – Polish Foreign Minister Jacek Czaputowicz resigns in the midst of the crisis in Belarus. This is the second cabinet resignation in a week, as Health Minister Lukasz Szumowski left amid increased COVID-19 infection rates.^[241]
• August 21
  • 2020 Khabarovsk Krai protests

1,500 people in Khabarovsk, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia conduct their seventh march against the Moscow government. They are protesting against the arrest of Governor Sergei Furgal and in support of Alexei Navalny and dissidents in Belarus.^[242] Navalny, a critic of the Kremlin, was taken to a German hospital after a suspected poisoning on August 19.^[243]

• • Iran agrees to inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at nuclear sites in Marivan and Amand, Qazvin after the United States calls for reimposition of sanctions.^[244]
• August 25 – The United Nations Security Council rejects an effort by the United States to “snap back” sanctions on Iran.^[245]
• August 30 – 2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election and local elections.

September

• September 4 – Serbia and Kosovo normalize economic relations. Kosovo also establishes diplomatic relations with Israel, and both countries open embassies in Jerusalem.^[246]
• September 6
  • Hong Kong protests: Police arrest 290 people in protests.^[247]
  • Belarusian protests: A record 100,000 march on the Palace of Independence; 72 are arrested and students strike.^[248]
• September 7 – Two deserters from the Myanmar Army testify on video that they were ordered to commit rape, murder, and other atrocities against Rohingya people, mostly Muslims.^[249]
• September 9
  • Several thousand protest against proposed electrical power price increases in North Macedonia.^[250]
  • A fire at a refugee camp in Greece leaves 13,000 homeless.^[251]
  • Iraq War

The United States Army announces a reduction of 5,200 troops in Iraq.^{[252] [253]}

• September 11
  • The DoD cancels a Navy low-level flyover of New York City deemed "inappropriate."^[254]
  • Israel and Bahrain agree to establish diplomatic relations.^[255]
• September 12
  • The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) calls for dialogue to prevent a conflict in the East China Sea.^[256]
  • Representatives of the Afghan government and the Taliban meet in Qatar to begin peace talks.^[257]
  • MV Wakashio oil spill

Thousands march in Port Louis to protest the government's handling of the July oil spill in Mauritius.^[258]

• • Mauricio Claver-Carone becomes the first citizen of the U.S. to lead the Inter-American Development Bank.^[259]
• September 13 – Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen: Fighting intensifies in Yemen after the COVID-19 truce.^[260]
• September 21 – More than 160 world leaders ask the UK to release Julian Assange and not extradite him to the United States.^[261]
• September 27 – Ethnic fighting breaks out into the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war between Azerbaijan and Armemia.^[262]

October

• October 1 – The 2020 World Expo will open in Dubai.^[263]
• October 3 – The government of Sudan and ten rebel groups sign a peace agreement, ending 17 years of war.^[264]
• October 11
  • 2020 Tajik presidential election

Incumbent Emomali Rahmon of the People's Democratic Party reelected.

• • 2020 Lithuanian parliamentary election. Independent Ingrida Šimonytė is the Prime-Minister designate.
• October 18
  • 2020 Bolivian general election

Luis Arce of the Movement for Socialism is elected.

• • 2020 Guinean presidential election
  • 2020 Northern Cypriot presidential election (second round)

Ersin Tatar of the National Unity Party (UBP) is elected.

• October 22—24 – 2020 Seychellois presidential election: Won by Wavel Ramkalawan.
• October 28 – 2020 Tanzanian general election: Incumbent John Magufuli is reelected.
• October 25 – 2020 Chilean national plebiscite: The "Approve" side won with 78% agreeing to draft a new constitution. 79% opted for a "Constitutional Convention" as the best way to rewrite the text.^[265]
• October 31
  • 2020 Ivorian general election.
  • 2020 Georgian parliamentary election

Georgian Dream leads at the end of the first round with a second round scheduled for November 21.

November

• November 3 – 2020 United States elections
  • 2020 United States presidential election

Joe Biden and Kamala Harris win the presidency and vice-presidency respectively.^{[266] [267] [268]}

• • 2020 United States Senate elections

Democrats pick up two seats but Republicans hold 50–48 advantage as two seats go to runoffs.

• • 2020 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 2020 United States gubernatorial elections

Republicans increase their control to 27 seats by flipping Montana.

• November 4 – "Scores, probably hundreds" of civilians are killed in the conflict in Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia.^[269]
• November 5 – 2020 Vincentian general election: Unity Labour Party wins nine of 15 seats.
• November 8
  • 2020 Myanmar general election
  • 2020 Egyptian parliamentary election
• November 9
  • 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement signed, ending the war between Azerbaijan and Armenia.^[270]
  • President Martín Vizcarra of Peru resigns after being impeached on corruption charges.^[271]
• November 11
  • 2020 Belizean general election

Johnny Briceño of the People's United Party (PUP) leads 19 seats to five.

• • Sheikh Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa is appointed Prime Minister after the death of his great uncle, Prime Minister Prince Khalifa bin Salman, who had held the position for nearly fifty years.^[272]
• November 12 – Thousands protest the ouster of Peruvian President Martin Vizcarra.^[273]
• November 13 – Fighting between India and Pakistan along the Line of Control in Kashmir leaves 15 dead, including ten civilians.^[274]
• November 14
  • Thousands rally in Tbilisi, Georgia, to protest the October election, which they say was rigged.^[275]
  • Twenty diverse groups protest against the Monarchy of Thailand.^[276]
  • A report in The New York Times says that Abu Mohammed al-Masri, the alleged mastermind behind the 1998 United States embassy bombings was killed by Israeli intelligence in Tehran, Iran, on August 7, 2020.^[277]
• November 15
  • The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) consisting of fifteen countries including China and Japan, is signed during a virtual summit at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It is the largest free-trade association in the world.^[278]
  • Manuel Merino resigns the presidency of Peru after only four days in office.^[279]
  • 900 are arrested in protests against the reelection of Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko.^[280]
  • Armenians burn their own homes as they leave Kalbajar, Azerbaijan.^[281]
  • Ethiopia's Tigray conflict takes on an international character as rockets are fired at the Asmara, Eritrea, airport,^[282] and 25,000 refugees flee from Tigray, to Sudan.^[283]
  • 2020 Moldovan presidential election (Round 2): Won by Maia Sandu with 57% of the vote.^[284]
  • 2020 Brazilian municipal elections (Round 1): Of the nearly 60 candidates whom President Bolsonaro backed, only nine advanced.^[285] Transgender candidates make two historic wins.^[286]
• November 16
  • Hungary and Poland threaten to veto the 2021 EU budget and recovery plan.^[287]
  • 2020 Bosnian municipal elections
  • UN-sponsored peace talks in Libya fail to establish an interim government.^[288]
  • Peru chooses Francisco Sagasti as interim president.^[289]
• November 17 – Acting Secretary of Defense Christopher C. Miller announces that the United States will withdraw 2,500 troops from Afghanistan and Iraq by January 15, 2021.^[290]
• November 17
  • Yemeni Civil War

Fifty fighters from both sides are killed in fighting centered in Zinjibar District.^[291]

• • Greek police use tear gas, stun grenades, and water cannon to break up a demonstration held to commemorate the 1973 Athens Polytechnic uprising.^[292]
• November 21
  • The 2020 G20 Riyadh summit opens as a virtual summit.^[293]
  • Thousands march in Paris, France, to protest restrictions on freedom of information and media rights.^[294]
• November 22 – 2020 Burkinabé general election
• November 26 – 2000 Romanian general election (Round 1). Prime Minister Ludovic Orban declares victory.^[295]
• November 29 – 2020 Brazilian municipal elections (Round 2)
• November - Thousands of farmers from various parts of India move to the capital city amidst blockades protesting against the new farm reforms.^[296]

December

• December 2
  • The United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs votes to remove cannabis from a list of dangerous drugs in recognition of its medical value, although some controls will remain.^{[297] [298] [299] [300] [301]}
• December 5
  • Russia begins vaccination against COVID-19 in Moscow.^[302]
  • 2020 Kuwaiti general election

Two-thirds of the legislature lose their seats in an election that sees 60% turnout among eligible voters.^[303]

• • Thousands march in Yerevan, Armenia in protest of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan's handling of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.^[304]
  • The United States announces it will withdraw almost all its troops from Somalia by January 15.^[305]
• December 6
  • Violence breaks out in Paris as thousands protest against security laws. Peaceful rallies are held in Marseille, Lyon, Lille and other French cities.^[306]
  • Three hundred protesters are arrested in the 18th week of protests in Minsk, Belarus.^[307]
  • 2020 Romanian legislative election
  • 2020 Venezuelan parliamentary election

Turnout is 31% as Maduro's government is reelected with 67.6%, the traditional opposition won 17.95%, and dissidents on the left won 3% of the vote.^[308] Eighteen countries in America (including the United States and Canada but excluding Argentina, Bolivia, and Mexico) call the election fraudulent and illegal.^[309]

• December 7
  • 2020 Ghanaian general election

President Nana Akufo-Addo wins reelection with 51.59% of the vote. Five people are killed in election-related violence.^[310]

• • Six supporters of Indonesian hard-line cleric Muhammad Rizieq Shihab are killed in a shootout in Jakarta.^[311]
  • Abdolnaser Hemmati, Governor of the Central Bank of Iran, says that United States economic sanctions are blocking Iran from the Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator (COVAX) program of the World Health Organization (WHO).^[312]
  • Romanian prime minister Ludovic Orban resigns, but the National Liberal Party hopes to stay in power.^[313]
  • Indian farm reforms 2020

Tens of thousands of Indian farmers protest for the 12th day.^[314]

• December 9
  • 2020 Indonesian local elections
  • Hanan Ashrawi resigns from the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).^[315]
  • Lebanon's Prime Minister designate Saad al-Hariri presents a proposed cabinet to President Michel Aoun. A viable government is key to receiving French aid.^[316]
• December 11 – European Union leaders agree to cut greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030.^[317]
• December 13
  • A roadside bomb in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan, wounds 23. Similar bombs earlier this year killed nine and wounded 151.^[318]
  • The UK and the EU agree to extend Brexit trade negotiations.^[319]
  • Fifty-one Taliban fighters and seven civilians are killed in fighting in Kandahar, Afghanistan.^[320]
• December 14
  • Somalia cuts diplomatic ties with Kenya after Muse Bihi Abdi from Somalialand visits Kenya.^[321]
  • By a 306–232 vote, the United States Electoral College votes to elect Joe Biden and Kamala Harris president and vice president of the U.S.^[322] Presidents López Obrador of Mexico^[323] and Putin of Russia congratulate him.^[324]
  • Saudi Arabia says an explosion on the Singapore-flagged BW Rhine was a terrorist attack from an undisclosed source.^[325]
• December 15 – Retailers face pressure to boycott Chinese cotton as stories emerge about forced labor among Uyghurs in China.^[326]
• December 18
  • 2020–2021 Indian farmers' protest

At least 25 people have died during the protests since November 26, including 14 due to natural causes.^[327]

• • At least 15 civilians are killed and 20 are wounded, including children, in an explosion in Ghazni province, Afghanistan.^[328]
• December 20
  • COVID-19 pandemic: Several European Union countries and Canada temporarily stop flights from the UK in response to a new, fast-spreading strain of the virus.^[329] Other countries follow suit, with Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Oman closing their borders completely.^[330]
  • Taiwan deploys ships and planes as a Chinese carrier group sails through the Taiwan Strait. The United States sent a warship through the strait on December 19.^[331]
  • President Bidya Devi Bhandari of Nepal dissolves parliament and calls for spring elections.^[332]
• December 22 –
  • Belarusian leader Alexander Lukashenko allows Tadevuš Kandrusievič, archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Minsk–Mohilev and a Lukashenko critic, to return from exile in Poland.^[333]
  • Donald Trump presents Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi with Legion of Merit.^[334]
• December 23 – Outgoing U.S. President Trump's pardon of four Blackwater mercenaries convicted of murdering 17 civilians in Baghdad in 2007 is widely criticized.^{[335] [336]}
• December 24 – The EU and UK reach a Brexit deal.^[337]
• December 26 – Yemeni Civil War: A new Yemeni government is sworn in as per the Saudi-backed Riyadh Agreement of 2019.^[338]
• December 27
  • 2020 Central African general election^[339]
  • 2020 Nigerien general election^[340]
  • Donald Trump reluctantly signs a $2 trillion bill that averts a U.S. government shutdown and provides $900 billion in COVID-19 relief.^[341]
• December 28
  • Thousands in Montenegro protest against the government's pro-Serbia stance in approving a new property law that favors the Serbian Orthodox Church.^[342]
  • Women's rights activist Loujain al-Hathloul, 31, is sentenced to almost six years of prison in Saudi Arabia.^[343]
• December 29
  • Tens of thousands protest against the dissolution of the Federal Parliament of Nepal.^[344]
  • Argentina legalizes abortion up to the 14th week of pregnancy, becoming the fourth Latin American country to do so.^[345]
• December 30
  • Twenty-two are killed and 50 wounded when a bomb explodes at the Aden International Airport in Yemen. Information Minister Moammar Al-Eryani blamed the attack on Houthi rebels, who denied responsibility.^[346]

Scheduled events

• December 31 – If implemented, the Brexit transition period will expire.

History by world issue

Note: This section is provided for issue-based overviews in narrative format, if desired.

Climate change

In December 2019, the World Meteorological Organization released its annual climate report revealing that climate impacts are worsening.^[347] They found the global sea temperatures are rising as well as land temperatures worldwide. 2019 is the last year in a decade that is the warmest on record.^[348]

Global carbon emissions hit a record high in 2019, even though the rate of increase slowed somewhat, according to a report from Global Carbon Project.^[349] The economic slowdown and the closure of factories related to the coronavirus pandemic brought a 6% decrease in emissions in February and March 2020.^[350]

BlackRock global money management firm Chief Executive Larry Fink said in January 2020 that climate change "has become a defining factor in companies' long-term prospects... and I believe we are on the edge of a fundamental reshaping of finance."^[351]

Coronavirus pandemic

See main article: COVID-19 pandemic, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics and Financial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Legislatures close, cities, regions, and entire countries are locked down, and borders close across the world in response to the pandemic. Elections are postponed. Governments rush to find funding to combat the virus, provide medical supplies and services, and to mitigate the economic slowdown. The virus, which began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11. The epicenter of the pandemic shifted from East Asia at the beginning of the year to Europe in March and April, then to the United States and Latin America in May and June. As of June 7, there have been over 7,000,000 confirmed cases and 400,000 deaths worldwide, with about 30% of the cases in the United States.^[352]

After accusing the WHO of bias towards China, U.S. President Donald Trump threatened to permanently cut off funding for the organization. Many blame Trump himself for the high number of cases in the United States.^[353]

Police brutality and racism

See main article: George Floyd protests. Hundreds of thousands of people protest in the United States^[354] and around the world^[355] against the May 26 murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis, Minnesota.^[356] Many of the protests emphasize local cases of police brutality and racism.^[357]

See also

• Timeline articles for 2020
  • 2020
  • List of elections in 2020
  • 2020 national electoral calendar
• Decade articles
  • 2010s in political history
  • 2020s in political history

Specific situations

• Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, 2020
• Timeline of the Syrian Civil War (January–April 2020)

Countries and regions

• 2020 in United States politics and government
• 2020 in United Kingdom politics and government
• 2020 United States elections

Categories

—Wikiproject Politics

External links

Articles on specific world issues

US-Iran conflict

• A nasty, brutal fight; what a US-Iran war would look like.The bottom line: It'd be hell on earth. By Alex Ward. January 3, 2020

Notes and References

1. Web site: Copyright Breakdown: The Music Modernization Act Now See Hear!. Jenkins. Amanda. February 5, 2019. blogs.loc.gov. January 2, 2020.
2. News: 2019-12-31 . US Baghdad embassy attacked by protesters angry at air strikes . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-03-09.
3. News: 2020-01-01 . US embassy attack: Protesters withdraw after standoff in Iraq . en-GB . BBC News . 2023-03-09.
4. Web site: Reuters . Recreational marijuana becomes legal in Illinois on New Year's Day. Dec 24, 2019. Brenden O'Brien .
5. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/new-laws-2020-in-effect_n_5e0bd83ce4b0843d360cbdd3 These Major New Laws Take Effect Today
6. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/overtime-rules-lower-chinese-tariffs-and-more-6-new-regulations-taking-effect-jan-1-184911346.html Overtime rules, lower Chinese tariffs and more: 6 new regulations taking effect
7. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/01/02/entire-species-are-being-wiped-out-ecologists-say-half-billion-animals-may-have-been 'Entire Species Are Being Wiped Out': Ecologists Say Half a Billion Animals May Have Been Killed by Australia Wildfires
8. https://www.militarytimes.com/flashpoints/2020/01/01/750-soldiers-with-82nd-airborne-headed-for-centcom-additional-4000-troops-expected-to-deploy-as-iran-tensions-mount/ 750 soldiers with 82nd Airborne headed for CENTCOM, additional 4,000 troops expected to deploy as Iran tensions mount.
9. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/erdogan-says-up-to-250000-syrians-flee-toward-turkey-as-crisis-worsens-idUSKBN1Z10J2 Erdogan says up to 250,000 Syrians flee toward Turkey as crisis worsens.
10. https://www.politico.eu/article/north-macedonian-pm-zoran-zaev-resigns/ North Macedonian PM resigns
11. https://www.dw.com/en/austria-swears-in-first-female-majority-cabinet/a-51915301 Austria swears in first female-majority Cabinet
12. News: Twitter Trends with World War III after Assassination of Iraqi Commander in US Airstrike. January 3, 2019. News18.
13. Web site: Politico. Catalan president faces being removed from office. Jan 3, 2020. CRISTINA GALLARDO .
14. https://apnews.com/e743d7fa9b6bbad7c4226a48de4a1dd7 Libyan authorities report airstrike on military academy|By SAMY MAGDY, AP, Jan 4, 2020
15. https://apnews.com/e5f15ffffe8b60ba866477ce92e0eccd Leftist beats conservative in Croatia’s presidential vote
16. https://www.theweek.co.uk/105076/in-pictures-australian-bushfires-rage-as-pm-admits-climate-change-to-blame In pictures: Australian bushfires rage as PM admits climate change has fuelled crisis
17. https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/05/politics/pelosi-war-powers-resolution/index.html Pelosi says House will introduce 'War Power Resolution' aimed to limit Trump's Iran military action
18. https://www.proceso.com.mx/613124/mexico-y-argentina-guaido-venezuela México y Argentina se abstienen de reconocer la reelección de Juan Guaidó en Asamblea de Venezuela
19. https://www.proceso.com.mx/613219/espana-pedro-sanchez-es-investido-presidente Con mínima ventaja, Pedro Sánchez es investido como presidente de España
20. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/08/suleimani-assassination-two-us-airbases-in-iraq-hit-by-missiles-in-retaliation Iran launches missiles at Iraq airbases hosting US and coalition troops
21. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-attacks-trump-to-address-the-nation-after-missile-attack-on-u-s-troops-in-iraq-live-stream-2020-01-08/ Trump says Iran "appears to be standing down" after missile attack
22. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bharat-bandh-today-check-live-updates-here/articleshow/73149759.cms Bharat Bandh live updates: Strike by trade unions gets mixed response
23. https://apnews.com/523063d993c67a1e8e894406411fd0b8 Strike by millions of workers hit businesses in India
24. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/olympics/international-olympic-committee-bans-political-statements-athletes-games-n1113191 International Olympic Committee bans political statements by athletes at games
25. https://www.financialexpress.com/world-news/russian-army-announces-ceasefire-in-syrias-idlib/1818711/ Russian army announces ceasefire in Syria's Idlib
26. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/turkey-russia-idlib-1.5422193 Turkey, Russia agree to ceasefire in war-torn Idlib, Syria
27. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/russia-and-turkey-establish-new-ceasefire-syrias-idlib Russia and Turkey establish new ceasefire in Syria's Idlib
28. https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2020/01/09/russia-announces-cease-fire-in-idlib-upon-deal-with-turkey Assad regime attacks Idlib, violating third cease-fire attempt
29. Web site: Aristegui Noticias. La progresista Tsai Ing-Wen es reelecta presidenta de Taiwán. Jan 11, 2020. es. Progressive Tsai Ing-Wen is reelected president of Taiwan .
30. https://globalnews.ca/news/6398579/northern-ireland-government-revival/ Northern Ireland has a government again after 3 years
31. https://www.politico.eu/article/iran-admits-to-shooting-down-ukrainian-plane-in-error/ Iran admits to shooting down Ukrainian plane in ‘error’
32. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/uk-police-mistake-call-climate-group-extremist-68217083?cid=referral_taboola_feed UK police say it was mistake to call climate group extremist
33. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/thousands-run-dictatorship-thai-capital-68226230?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed Thousands run against 'dictatorship' in Thai capital
34. https://apnews.com/1aefc9d2eeea5425dd21182c578e6064 Canadian officials accidentally push nuke alert to millions
35. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-51086276 Same-sex marriage now legal in Northern Ireland
36. https://www.publimetro.com.mx/mx/noticias/2020/01/14/alejandro-giammattei-asume-nuevo-presidente-guatemala.html Alejandro Giammattei asume como nuevo presidente de Guatemala
37. https://www.yahoo.com/news/deputy-prime-minister-calls-japan-094510559.html Deputy prime minister calls Japan a nation with single race
38. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-politics-usa/new-guatemalan-president-talks-migration-with-u-s-before-inauguration-idUSKBN1ZD22B Turbulent inauguration day in Guatemala, outgoing president hit by eggs
39. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/15/europe/russian-government-resigns-vladimir-putin-reforms-intl/index.html Russian government resigns after Putin proposes reforms that would weaken his successor
40. https://www.politico.com/news/2020/01/15/pelosi-appoints-impeachment-managers-for-trumps-senate-trial-099240 House votes to send Trump impeachment articles to Senate, triggering trial
41. https://news.yahoo.com/mozambique-leader-nyusi-sworn-despite-110116779.html Mozambique leader Nyusi sworn in despite opposition boycott
42. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/01/15/world/europe/ap-eu-turkey-wikipedia.html Turkey Lifts More Than 2-Year Block of Wikipedia
43. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/15/europe/pope-women-secretary-intl-hnk/index.html Pope Francis appoints first woman to senior Vatican diplomatic role
44. Web site: The Guardian. London. Trump impeachment trial begins as Schiff reads out charges against president – live. January 16, 2020. Amanda Holpuch.
45. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/01/guatemala-breaks-diplomatic-relations-venezuela-200117021125848.html Guatemala breaks off diplomatic relations with Venezuela
46. Web site: Путин предложил главе ФНС Михаилу Мишустину пост премьера . 15 January 2020 . January 15, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200115175557/https://ria.ru/20200115/1563466512.html . January 15, 2020 . live .
47. News: Russia's new PM a career bureaucrat with no political aims . Litvinova . Daria . January 16, 2020 . Associated Press . January 16, 2020 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200116144452/https://apnews.com/dac9ce99b613d792bc2556b8c69f23c2 . January 16, 2020 .
48. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/18/europe/france-macron-protests-intl/index.html Police backup called to guard President Macron as protesters try to storm theater
49. https://apnews.com/0912ec8ea8c3ddc6baf408f188c0ebe4 Turkey’s Erdogan: Europe must back Libyan govt in Tripoli
50. https://apnews.com/70434dca3901c115a74d4a8d369f6e12 Libya’s rival military commander seeks support in Greece
51. https://apnews.com/c4fe889e9588c83604a8f8defba6c7c0 Violence escalates in Beirut as protesters clash with police
52. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/20/europe/norway-government-collapse-isis-intl/index.html Norway's governing coalition collapses over ISIS repatriation
53. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/greece-elects-katerina-sakellaropoulou-first-female-president-n1120421?cid=sm_npd_ms_fb_lw Greece elects Katerina Sakellaropoulou as first female president
54. https://www.vox.com/2020/1/23/21078895/greta-thunberg-climate-change-steven-mnuchin It’s Steven Mnuchin who should listen to economists on climate change
55. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-51208274 Peru election: Crushing blow for president's opponents Popular Force
56. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51262639 Manzoor Pashteen: Activist who dared to challenge Pakistan army held
57. https://news.yahoo.com/russia-obtains-ease-c-africa-arms-embargo-un-221056411.html Russia obtains ease on C.Africa arms embargo at UN Security Council
58. Web site: Associated Press. SAMY MAGDY. February 1, 2020. Abbas threatens to cut security ties with Israel, US .
59. Web site: BBC World News . Malawi election: Court orders new vote after May 2019 result annulled. Feb 3, 2020. Peter Jegwa. Web site: Al Jazeera. Malawi top court annuls presidential election results. Suzgo Chitete .
60. https://www.ft.com/content/947aa21c-46ff-11ea-aeb3-955839e06441 Democrats’ Iowa caucus result delayed after count chaos
61. Web site: AP. German state gets new governor, with far-right votes. Feb 5, 2020. Feb 5, 2020. GEIR MOULSON. Web site: The Local.de . 'First time in history': Far-right AfD backing for regional politician shocks Germany. Feb 5, 2020. February 5, 2020 .
62. News: Mascaro. Lisa. Tucker. Eric. Miller. Zeke. Trump acquittal now likely Wednesday; Senate nixes witnesses. WRAL-TV. Raleigh, North Carolina. Associated Press. January 31, 2020. January 31, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200201014859/https://www.wral.com/trump-trial-could-end-soon-alexander-says-no-to-witnesses/18921189/. February 1, 2020. dead.
63. Web site: Trump acquitted on impeachment charges, ending gravest threat to his presidency. POLITICO. en. February 5, 2020.
64. https://www.timesofisrael.com/sudanese-leader-says-he-felt-comfortable-with-netanyahu-during-meeting/ Sudanese leader says he ‘felt comfortable’ with Netanyahu during meeting
65. https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/2122551/mubarak-al-mahdi-asharq-al-awsat-normalizing-ties-israel-acquits-sudan Mubarak al-Mahdi to Asharq Al-Awsat: Normalizing Ties with Israel Acquits Sudan of Terrorism
66. https://www.france24.com/en/20200210-palestinians-withdraw-request-for-un-vote-on-us-mideast-plan-diplomats Palestinians withdraw request for UN vote on US Mideast plan: diplomats
67. https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-proposes-4-8-trillion-budget-with-cuts-to-safety-nets-11581356145 Trump Proposes $4.8 Trillion Budget, With Cuts to Safety Nets
68. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/azerbaijan-ruling-party-wins-vote-opposition-cries-foul-200210074051636.html Azerbaijan governing party wins vote, opposition cries foul
69. https://apnews.com/529d8750b97bd9c3973561f51a93897c German president criticizes US stance at security conference
70. https://apnews.com/6c90c5b0c4ecf68de375deec9aa8f922 US travel ban for Sri Lanka army chief in hospital shelling
71. https://www.hoy.es/internacional/union-europea/candidato-macron-alcaldia-20200214103642-ntrc.html#vca=modulos&vso=hoy&vmc=lo-mas-leido&vli=internacional/union-europea Filtration of a Griveaux sex video leaves Macron without a candidate in Paris
72. https://apnews.com/b4eead62d5d593e6d59a44c59d368184 Thousands protest state vote that shook up German politics
73. https://apnews.com/429f21878ba3b33881c83189472f24be Esper says Taliban deal is promising but not without risk
74. https://apnews.com/eaa1fc8fd3003f845bc2e3bc01bbec26 Denouncing US, Venezuelan troops, militias stage drills
75. https://apnews.com/79b3b3242ce78457c959402c01b7f810 Zuckerberg accepts that Facebook may have to pay more tax
76. https://www.caribbeannews.net/news/264037160/saudi-led-strikes-on-yemen-kill-31-civilians-after-jet-crash Saudi-led strikes on Yemen kill 31 civilians after jet crash
77. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-51525673 Tesla: German court halts work on new 'Gigafactory'
78. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/north-macedonia-parliament-dissolved-ahead-early-election-69018890?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed North Macedonia parliament dissolved ahead of early election
79. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/software-glitches-force-dominican-republic-suspend-vote-69018651?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed Software glitches force Dominican Republic to suspend vote
80. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ivanka-trump-lauds-saudi-uae-womens-rights-reforms-69017064?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed Ivanka Trump lauds Saudi, UAE on women's rights reforms
81. https://www.hoy.es/internacional/union-europea/macron-elige-ministra-20200216193333-ntrc.html#vca=modulos&vso=hoy&vmc=lo-mas-leido&vli=internacional/union-europea The Minister of Health Gala leaves the Government to compete for the mayor of Paris
82. https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/15/ski-resort-workers-protest-over-unemployment-reforms-as-france-s-busy-winter-season-gets-u Ski resort workers protest over unemployment reforms as France's busy winter season gets underway
83. https://www.hoy.es/nacional/miles-interinos-manifiestan-20200216173209-nt.html Thousands of interns demonstrate in Madrid against the abuse of temporary employment
84. https://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2020/02/18/5e4c3cbafdddffda968b45fc.html Ashraf Ghani gets re-election as president according to a five-month count that his rival does not accept
85. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/trump-joseph-maguire-russia-intelligence_n_5e4f0cb1c5b6b82aa6505704 Trump Sidelined Acting Spy Chief After Russian Meddling Briefing: Reports
86. https://news.yahoo.com/several-dead-shooting-german-city-hanau-230900994--abc-news-topstories.html Right-wing extremism suspected in Germany shooting that left 11 dead, including suspect
87. https://news.yahoo.com/israel-calls-belgium-scrap-parade-194825230.html Israel calls on Belgium to scrap parade over anti-Semitism
88. https://news.yahoo.com/us-sanctions-iran-clerics-vetoing-165637956.html US sanctions Iran clerics for vetoing election candidates
89. https://allafrica.com/stories/202001130528.html Togo: Archbishop Kpodzro Joins Calls for Suspension of February Presidential Elections
90. https://apnews.com/93cc174b89e593fd90304e73360280db Togo’s president wins, keeping family’s long hold on power
91. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/haiti-carnival-protests-guns-a9354036.html Haiti carnival season start descends into gunfire and violent protests
92. https://apnews.com/558f54bbb8bb283d9515e63f74f87779 7 killed in New Delhi protests ahead of Trump’s visit
93. https://news.yahoo.com/egypt-well-means-defend-nile-190432433.html Egypt: We'll use 'all means' to defend Nile interests
94. https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/world/us-taliban-sign-landmark-agreement-in-bid-to-end-americas-longest-war/ar-BB10yMNg?ocid=sf2 U.S.-Taliban sign landmark agreement in bid to end America's longest war
95. https://news.yahoo.com/eight-fighters-lebanons-hezbollah-killed-153748159.html Eight fighters with Lebanon's Hezbollah killed in Syria
96. https://news.yahoo.com/thousands-march-memory-slain-russian-114747122.html Thousands march in memory of slain Russian opposition leader
97. https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181226/https://indus.news/2020/03/02/iraqi-prime-minister-candidate-allawi-quits-as-vacuum-looms/ Iraqi prime minister candidate Allawi quits as vacuum looms
98. https://news.yahoo.com/un-envoy-libya-resigns-truce-192849847.html UN envoy for Libya resigns as truce appears to crumble
99. https://news.yahoo.com/libya-peace-efforts-thrown-further-181743941.html Libya peace efforts thrown further into chaos as UN envoy quits
100. https://news.yahoo.com/putin-proposes-enshrine-god-heterosexual-marriage-constitution-161528578.html Putin proposes to enshrine God, heterosexual marriage in constitution
101. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/03/06/europe-wraps-warmest-winter-record-massive-youth-climatestrike-brussels Europe Wraps Up Warmest Winter on Record With Massive Youth #ClimateStrike in Brussels
102. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51778781 Saudi Arabia detains three senior members of royal family
103. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51748152 Aurat March: Pakistani women face violent threats ahead of rally
104. https://politica.expansion.mx/mexico/2020/03/08/miles-mujeres-marchan-cdmx-consignas-pintas-reclamos-justicia Thousands of women march on CDMX between slogans, graffiti, and claims for justice
105. https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mujeres/marchan-m%C3%A1s-de-15-mil-en-monterrey/ar-BB10Wwwk More than 15,000 march in Monterrey
106. https://www.msn.com/es-mx/video/noticias/alrededor-de-200-mujeres-marchan-en-ecatepec-por-el-8m/vi-BB10UO7U This was the women's march in Ecatepec for the 8M
107. https://www.nodal.am/2020/03/8m-estallido-social-en-chile-multitudinaria-marcha-de-mujeres-en-plaza-de-la-dignidad/ 8M: Social outbreak in Chile: massive march of women in Plaza de la Dignidad
108. https://www.informador.mx/internacional/Mujeres-alrededor-del-mundo-se-movilizan-a-pesar-del-coronavirus-20200308-0040.html Women around the world mobilize despite the coronavirus
109. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-51736957 Fury fuels historic women's strike in Mexico
110. https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/hoy-ellas-no-llegaron-as%C3%AD-luce-m%C3%A9xico-por-el-el9nadiesemueve/ar-BB10WyzH "Today, they did not arrive": This is how Mexico looks for # El9NadieSeMueve
111. https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/mexico/paro-de-mujeres-paraliza-la-c%c3%a1mara-de-diputados/ar-BB10XzHs Women's strike paralyzes the Chamber of Deputies
112. https://apnews.com/1bc1532d515550bb40df29ff9652e264 Russian lawmakers move to keep Putin in power past 2024
113. https://news.yahoo.com/anxious-france-defies-virus-hold-local-polls-023810542.html Anxious France defies virus to hold local polls
114. https://news.yahoo.com/amid-coronavirus-crisis-israel-tries-093806101.html Israel's president to ask Netanyahu rival Benny Gantz to form government
115. https://news.yahoo.com/bolsonaro-lauds-protesters-taking-streets-185424934.html Bolsonaro Lauds Protesters Taking to Streets Despite Virus Risk
116. Donna Abu-Nasr, Bloomberg, March 15, 2020
117. https://news.yahoo.com/migrant-volunteers-targeted-greek-islands-tensions-violence-escalate-091400779--abc-news-topstories.html?.tsrc=jtc_news_index Migrant volunteers targeted on Greek islands as tensions, violence escalate
118. https://apnews.com/d5c13dfdc54ae234f6a5ebeb769fdafd Spanish King renounces inheritance from father amid scandal
119. https://news.yahoo.com/peru-deploys-military-slow-coronavirus-184343205.html Military roadblocks, curfews: Latin America tightens coronavirus controls
120. https://news.yahoo.com/pompeo-warns-china-against-outlandish-rumor-coronavirus-175124866.html US, China accuse each other of coronavirus fear-mongering
121. https://edition.cnn.com/world/live-news/coronavirus-outbreak-03-16-20-intl-hnk/h_6e1f01640b115ad8c8c625f496fd06a5 France bans all family and social gatherings
122. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/heavy-fighting-central-yemen-leaves-38-dead-69642510?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed Heavy fighting in central Yemen leaves at least 38 dead
123. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/niger-army-kills-50-boko-haram-extremists-attack-69638184?cid=clicksource_76_null_articleroll_hed Niger says army kills 50 Boko Haram extremists after attack
124. https://news.yahoo.com/india-hangs-4-men-convicted-110654411.html India hangs 4 men convicted for fatal New Delhi gang rape
125. https://www.proceso.com.mx/622674/reeligen-a-almagro-oea-mexico-secretario Mexico thunders against Almagro in an assembly where he was reelected as OAS secretary-general (Video)
126. https://news.yahoo.com/u-iran-coronavirus-wont-save-090000533.html U.S. to Iran: Coronavirus won't save you from sanctions
127. https://news.yahoo.com/n-korea-fires-two-short-range-ballistic-missiles-224733245.html North Korea fires two 'ballistic missiles' into sea: Seoul
128. https://news.yahoo.com/brazils-bolsonaro-buries-hatchet-chinas-151528656.html Brazil's Bolsonaro buries hatchet with China's Xi to fight coronavirus
129. https://thehill.com/policy/international/489484-pompeo-pressed-g7-leaders-to-refer-to-wuhan-virus-in-statement-report Pompeo pressed G-7 leaders to refer to 'Wuhan virus' in statement: report
130. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/u-s-insisting-u-n-call-out-chinese-origins-coronavirus-n1169111?cid=sm_npd_nn_fb_ma U.S. insisting that the U.N. call out Chinese origins of coronavirus
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132. News: Coronavirus: Health secretary Matt Hancock tests positive. https://web.archive.org/web/20200327130934/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/coronavirus-matt-hancock-boris-johnson-test-positive-covid-19-symptoms-a9430031.html . 2020-03-27 . limited . live. The Independent. 27 March 2020. 27 March 2020.
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134. https://news.yahoo.com/rockets-intercepted-above-saudi-cities-210001754.html Saudi intercepts missiles in attacks claimed by Yemen's Houthis
135. Web site: Televisa News. es . Monumentos del mundo se apagarán esta noche por la Hora del Planeta. World monuments will go out tonight for Earth Hour . March 28, 2020.
136. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-52090169 Colombia's ELN rebels call ceasefire over coronavirus
137. https://news.yahoo.com/vietnam-lodges-protest-against-beijing-080903606.html Vietnam lodges protest against Beijing after fishing boat sunk in South China Sea
138. News: Keir Starmer elected as new Labour leader. April 4, 2020. BBC News. April 4, 2020. en-GB.
139. News: Caroline . Davies . Queen to address nation on Sunday over coronavirus crisis . The Guardian . 3 April 2020 . 5 April 2020.
140. News: Coronavirus: Queen tells UK 'we will succeed' in fight . BBC News . 5 April 2020 . 5 April 2020.
141. News: Coronavirus: PM admitted to hospital over virus symptoms . BBC News . 5 April 2020 . 5 April 2020.
142. News: Coronavirus: Boris Johnson moved to intensive care . BBC News . 6 April 2020 . 6 April 2020.
143. Web site: PM out of intensive care but remains in hospital. BBC News. 9 April 2020.
144. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52258557 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: Army officer hanged for murder of Bangladesh's founding president
145. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/civilians-killed-india-pakistan-trade-fire-kashmir-200412153620705.html Three civilians killed as India, Pakistan trade fire across LoC
146. https://www.france24.com/en/20200412-turkish-interior-minister-resigns-over-covid-19-lockdown-panic Erdogan rejects Turkish minister's resignation over Covid-19 lockdown panic
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148. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/south-koreas-virus-election-may-provide-model-for-other-leaders/ar-BB12DiK6 South Korea’s Virus Election May Provide Model for Other Leaders
149. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/landslide-victory-for-south-korean-ruling-party/ar-BB12Hbrk Landslide victory for South Korean ruling party
150. Web site: Bostock . Bill . Denmark and Poland are refusing to bail out companies registered in offshore tax havens . Business Insider . Apr 20, 2020.
151. Web site: Vietnam protests Beijing's expansion in disputed South China Sea . news.yahoo.com . 19 April 2020 . Apr 20, 2020.
152. Web site: China Steps up Patrols in Disputed Sea; Here's What Malaysia and Vietnam Will do Voice of America - English . www.voanews.com . 20 April 2020 . Apr 20, 2020 . en.
153. Web site: Andrew Carey . Netanyahu and Gantz reach agreement on emergency government for Israel . CNN . 20 April 2020 . April 20, 2020.
154. Web site: Ryan Browne and Chandelis Duster . Russia intercepts US Navy aircraft over Mediterranean Sea . CNN . 20 April 2020 . Apr 20, 2020.
155. Web site: Earth Day: UN chief warns world is facing a bigger threat than coronavirus . Sky News . Apr 23, 2020 . en.
156. Web site: Iranian boats come 'dangerously' close to American warships in the Gulf, says US navy . Sky News . Apr 23, 2020 . en.
157. Web site: Iran hits back after Trump says US will shoot Iranian gunboats 'out of the water' . Sky News . Apr 23, 2020 . en.
158. Web site: Iran Guard reveals secret space program in satellite launch . ABC News . Apr 23, 2020 . en.
159. Web site: At least $9.7 billion in state bailouts for Air France, KLM . ABC News . Apr 24, 2020 . en.
160. Web site: China closes border crossing with Myanmar amid fighting . ABC News . Apr 24, 2020 . en.
161. Web site: Yemen separatists declare self-governance of south . news.yahoo.com . Apr 26, 2020.
162. Web site: Yemen provinces reject separatists' claim to self-rule . news.yahoo.com . 26 April 2020 . April 26, 2020.
163. Web site: Saudi Arabia ends death penalty for minors and floggings . news.yahoo.com . 26 April 2020 . Apr 26, 2020.
164. Web site: El Universal. Mexico City . Agenda 2020. Estos son los acontecimientos más importantes del próximo año. Agenda 2020. These are the most important events of next year. December 26, 2019.
165. News: Coronavirus: Boris Johnson says this is moment of maximum risk . BBC News . 27 April 2020 . 27 April 2020.
166. Web site: Bomb in Syria town run by Turkish-backed fighters kills 20 . ABC News . Apr 28, 2020 . en.
167. Web site: Libya's Khalifa Haftar accused of coup d'etat as he puts eastern Libya under direct military rule . uk.news.yahoo.com . 28 April 2020 . Apr 28, 2020.
168. Web site: Brazil leader names allies to head police, justice ministry . ABC News . Apr 28, 2020 . en.
169. Web site: Kim Jong-un reaparece después de 20 días de ausencia . El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento . May 2, 2020 . es-ES. Kim Jong-un reappears after 20-day absence. May 1, 2020.
170. Web site: Al menos 57 detenidos en Chile tras manifestaciones por el Día del Trabajo . El Informador :: Noticias de Jalisco, México, Deportes & Entretenimiento . 5 January 2020 . May 2, 2020 . es-ES . At least 57 arrested in Chile after Labor Day demonstrations.
171. Web site: Trudeau announces ban on 1,500 types of 'assault-style' firearms — effective immediately. May 2, 2020. May 1, 2020. CBC.
172. Web site: Colorado Election Official Says He Felt Pressured By State GOP Chair Ken Buck To Submit Incorrect Election Results . May 23, 2020 . 9 May 2020.
173. Web site: Top GOP congressman caught on tape pressuring local official to submit false election results . Source Politics . May 23, 2020 . en . 7 May 2020.
174. Web site: Poland president may win landslide as opposition voters stay away: poll . Reuters . Apr 23, 2020 . en . 23 April 2020.
175. Web site: Poland's governing party says Sunday presidential election will not be held; no new date announced . ABC News . May 6, 2020 . en.
176. Web site: Press . Europa . AMP3.- Afganistán.- Al menos 24 muertos en un atentado de Estado Islámico en el funeral de un policía en Nangarhar . Publimetro México . 12 May 2020 . May 13, 2020 . es.
177. Web site: 'Sheer evil' maternity ward attack toll rises to 24 . BBC News . May 13, 2020 . 13 May 2020.
178. Web site: Bosnians protest Mass in Sarajevo for Nazi-allied soldiers . ABC News . May 17, 2020 . en.
179. Web site: Arrests at anti-lockdown demonstrations in Warsaw, London . ABC News . May 17, 2020 . en.
180. Web site: Rights group: Satellite images show Myanmar village burning . ABC News . May 26, 2020 . en.
181. Web site: Burundi defies COVID-19 for election ending a bloody rule . ABC News . May 17, 2020 . en.
182. Web site: Ruling party's candidate wins Burundi's presidential poll . ABC News . May 26, 2020 . en.
183. Web site: National confirms leadership vote to be held on Friday. 2020-05-20. RNZ. en-nz. 2020-05-20.
184. Web site: Live: Todd Muller beats Simon Bridges in National Party leadership contest . Stuff . June 1, 2020 . en . 22 May 2020.
185. Web site: May 24 . Ramy Inocencio CBS News . Pro-democracy protesters clash with Hong Kong police over Beijing's planned security law . www.cbsnews.com . 24 May 2020 . May 24, 2020 . en.
186. Web site: Hong Kong standoff leaves U.S. and China on "brink of new Cold War" . www.cbsnews.com . 25 May 2020 . May 25, 2020.
187. Web site: US military says Russia deployed fighter jets to Libya . ABC News . May 26, 2020 . en.
188. Web site: Belarus opposition leader jailed after joining protest . ABC News . June 1, 2020 . en.
189. Web site: George Floyd protests go international as demonstrations break out across the world . ABC News . June 1, 2020 . en.
190. Web site: WHO was warned lives were at risk over yanked Italy report . AP NEWS . December 19, 2020 . en . 19 December 2020.
191. Web site: Mexico president kicks off 'new normal' phase amid pandemic . ABC News . June 1, 2020 . en.
192. Web site: George Floyd protest live updates: NYC institutes curfew . ABC News . June 1, 2020 . en.
193. Web site: America . Good Morning . Protests over police killings break out in at least 140 US cities . June 1, 2020 . en.
194. Web site: Floyd's Death in U.S. Spurs Protests, Outrage Across Africa - Bloomberg . . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603131553/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-02/floyd-s-death-in-u-s-spurs-protests-outrage-across-africa . dead . 3 June 2020 . June 6, 2020 . 3 June 2020.
195. Web site: France not racist state, Macron spokesperson says after Paris protest . the Guardian . June 6, 2020 . en . 6 June 2020.
196. Web site: Welle (www.dw.com) . Deutsche . George Floyd killing spurs fresh protests across Europe DW 06.06.2020 . DW.COM . June 6, 2020.
197. Web site: Giovanni López: Mexican protesters clash with Jalisco police over police brutality death . El Universal . June 6, 2020 . es . 5 June 2020.
198. Web site: Protests support Floyd, Black Lives Matter on 4 continents . news.yahoo.com . 6 June 2020 . June 6, 2020.
199. Web site: Taiwan populist mayor recalled in historic vote . news.yahoo.com . June 6, 2020.
200. Web site: Trump OKs sanctions against international tribunal employees . news.yahoo.com . 11 June 2020 . June 11, 2020.
201. News: Syria war: Assad sacks PM as economic crisis sparks protests. . BBC News . 11 June 2020 .
202. Web site: China demands India punish those behind deadly clashes . ABC News . June 17, 2020 . en.
203. Web site: Kyrgyzstan's parliament votes to appoint new prime minister . ABC News . June 17, 2020 . en.
204. Web site: Malawi presidential election: Lazarus Chakwera declared winner . www.aljazeera.com . July 12, 2020.
205. Web site: Poland's presidential election too close to call as voting under way . the Guardian . July 12, 2020 . en . 12 July 2020.
206. Web site: Premier zdradził prawdopodobną datę wyborów. "Chcemy wypełnić nasze obowiązki konstytucyjne" . TVN24 . June 1, 2020.
207. Web site: Putin sets July 1 for vote to extend his rule for years . ABC News . June 1, 2020 . en.
208. Web site: Nathan Hodge and Mary Ilyushina . Russian voters overwhelmingly back a ploy by President Vladimir Putin to rule until 2036 . CNN . July 2020 . July 12, 2020.
209. Web site: Croatian president sets parliamentary vote for July 5 . ABC News . May 20, 2020 . en.
210. Web site: Welle (www.dw.com) . Deutsche . Croatian PM hails 'victory' for conservatives in parliamentary vote DW 06.07.2020 . DW.COM . July 12, 2020.
211. Web site: Pompeo slams UN report on deadly US drone strike on Iranian . news.yahoo.com . 10 July 2020 . July 12, 2020.
212. Web site: Turkey's president formally makes Hagia Sophia a mosque . Associated Press . July 12, 2020 . 10 July 2020.
213. Web site: Sugam Pokharel and Nectar Gan . Singapore's ruling party stays in power, but support has waned . CNN . 11 July 2020 . July 12, 2020.
214. Web site: Yoonjung Seo and Julia Hollingsworth . How the dramatic death of Seoul's mayor left a country divided . CNN . 11 July 2020 . July 12, 2020.
215. Web site: Mary Ilyushina . Protests erupt in Russia's Far East after arrest of governor over years-old murders . CNN . 11 July 2020 . July 12, 2020.
216. Web site: Thousands call on Bulgarian government to resign in anti-graft protests . Reuters . July 12, 2020 . en . 11 July 2020.
217. Web site: Israelis protest against government response to coronavirus . Reuters . July 12, 2020 . en . 11 July 2020.
218. Web site: Thousands of Serbians join anti-government protest in Belgrade . www.aljazeera.com . July 12, 2020.
219. Web site: 500,000 Hongkongers cast 'protest vote' against security law . The Guardian . July 12, 2020 . 12 July 2020.
220. Web site: Thousands in DR Congo capital defy protest ban . news.yahoo.com . July 13, 2020.
221. Web site: 2020-08-05. Lebanon Imposes State of Emergency in Beirut, Seeks House Arrest of Officials as Death Toll Rises to 113. 2020-12-06. News18. en.
222. Web site: Smith . Nicola . China accused of deploying more amphibious weapons to eastern coast as tensions with Taiwan rise . news.yahoo.com . 6 August 2020 . The Telegraph . August 7, 2020.
223. Web site: Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone . news.yahoo.com . 6 August 2020 . August 7, 2020.
224. Web site: Standoff with China will be long, India warns in pulled statement . news.yahoo.com . 6 August 2020 . Reuters . August 7, 2020.
225. Web site: Davies . Guy . Guenfoud . Ibtissem . After Beirut blast, protesters plead with French president for change . ABC News . August 8, 2020 . en.
226. Web site: ISACHENKOV . VLADIMIR . Russia warns it will see any incoming missile as nuclear . news.yahoo.com . 7 August 2020 . Associated Press . August 7, 2020.
227. Web site: Hong Kong: US imposes sanctions on chief executive Carrie Lam . news.yahoo.com . BBC . August 7, 2020.
228. Web site: TikTok threatens legal action against Trump US ban . BBC News . August 7, 2020 . 7 August 2020.
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279. News: Renunció el presidente de Perú Manuel Merino: "Convoco a la unidad y a la paz" . November 15, 2020 . infobae . November 15, 2020 . es-ES.
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308. News: Cano . Arturo . En Venezuela el madurismo se declara ganador, pese al elevado abstencionismo - Mundo - La Jornada . December 7, 2020 . www.jornada.com.mx . La Jornada . 6 December 2020 . es.
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322. News: All 538 electors have voted, formalizing Biden's 306-232 win. Here's how the electoral vote works. . December 15, 2020 . cbsnews.com . CBS News . December 14, 2020.
323. News: After Long Delay, Leaders of Mexico and Brazil Congratulate Biden on U.S. Election Win. December 15, 2020 . Reuters . U.S. News & World Report . December 15, 2020 .
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332. News: BINAJ . GURUBACHARYA . Nepal president dissolves Parliament; elections next spring . December 21, 2020 . news.yahoo.com . AP . Yahoo News . December 20, 2020.
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335. News: UN criticises Trump's pardons for Blackwater guards jailed over Iraq killings . December 23, 2020 . BBC News . 23 December 2020.
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337. News: After months of negotiations, UK, EU secure Brexit trade deal . December 24, 2020 . aljazeera.com . Al Jazeera English . December 24, 2020 . en.
338. News: New Yemen gov't sworn in after Saudi-brokered power-sharing deal . December 29, 2020 . msn.com . Al Jazeera English . December 26, 2020.
339. News: Central African Republic votes amid fears of unrest . December 28, 2020 . AP NEWS . 27 December 2020.
340. News: Niger votes in presidential, legislative elections . December 28, 2020 . AP NEWS . 27 December 2020.
341. News: Trump reluctantly signs COVID aid, sparks fresh fight in GOP . December 28, 2020 . AP NEWS . 28 December 2020.
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343. News: Rose . David . Saudi women's rights activist Loujain al-Hathloul sentenced to five and a half years in prison . December 28, 2020 . news.yahoo.com . The Telegraph . December 28, 2020.
344. News: Thousands demand ouster of Nepal leader as party feud grows . December 29, 2020 . news.yahoo.com . AP . Yahoo News . December 29, 2020.
345. News: Argentine Senate approves bill to legalise abortion . December 30, 2020 . aljazeera.com . Al Jazeera English . December 30, 2020 . en.
346. News: Several killed in attack on Yemen's Aden airport: Live news . December 30, 2020 . aljazeera.com . Al Jazeera English . December 30, 2020 . en.
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354. Web site: George Floyd U.S. protests live updates from June 6, 2020 . www.cbsnews.com . 6 June 2020 . June 8, 2020.
355. Web site: U.S. protests prompt calls for Britain to tackle its own systemic racism . www.cbsnews.com . 8 June 2020 . June 8, 2020.
356. Web site: Protests Over Police Violence . www.cbsnews.com . June 8, 2020.
357. Web site: 10th day of Dallas demonstrations against police brutality draws crowds, calls for change . Dallas News . June 8, 2020 . en . 8 June 2020.