2020 United States presidential election in South Carolina explained

See main article: 2020 United States presidential election.

Election Name:2020 United States presidential election in South Carolina
Country:South Carolina
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
College Voted:yes
Previous Election:2016 United States presidential election in South Carolina
Previous Year:2016
Election Date:November 3, 2020
Next Election:2024 United States presidential election in South Carolina
Next Year:2024
Turnout:72.1% (4.24 pp)
Image1:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Donald Trump
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:Florida
Running Mate1:Mike Pence
Electoral Vote1:9
Popular Vote1:1,385,103
Percentage1:
Nominee2:Joe Biden
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:Delaware
Running Mate2:Kamala Harris
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:1,091,541
President
Before Election:Donald Trump
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Joe Biden
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2020 United States presidential election in South Carolina was held on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated.[1] South Carolina voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, incumbent President Donald Trump, and running mate Vice President Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Vice President Joe Biden, and his running mate California Senator Kamala Harris. South Carolina has nine electoral votes in the Electoral College.[2]

Trump carried South Carolina by a margin of 11.68%, down from his 14.27% margin four years earlier. Prior to this election, all 12 news organizations considered this a state Trump would win, or a red state.

South Carolina was the only East Coast state in 2020 to vote Republican by a double-digit margin.[3] This was the first time that both main party candidates won more than one million votes in a statewide election in South Carolina, alongside the concurrent Senate election.

Primary elections

Canceled Republican primary

On September 7, 2019, the South Carolina Republican Party became one of several state GOP affiliates to cancel their respective primaries and caucuses officially.[4] Donald Trump's re-election campaign and GOP officials have cited the fact that Republicans canceled several state primaries when George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush sought second terms in 1992 and 2004, respectively, and Democrats scrapped some of their primaries when Bill Clinton and Barack Obama were seeking re-election in 1996 and 2012, respectively.[5] [6]

In response to the cancellation, former U.S. Representative Bob Inglis and another South Carolina Republican voter filed a lawsuit against the South Carolina Republican Party on grounds that it denied their right to vote. On December 11, 2019, a state court judge dismissed the lawsuit, writing in his opinion that the law "does not give plaintiffs a legal right to presidential preference primary".[7] Thus at the South Carolina State Republican Convention in May 2020, the state party formally bound all 50 of its national pledged delegates to Trump.[8]

Democratic primary

The South Carolina Democratic primary was held on February 29, 2020.

General election

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report[9] September 10, 2020
Inside Elections[10] September 4, 2020
Sabato's Crystal Ball[11] July 14, 2020
Politico[12] September 8, 2020
RCP[13] August 3, 2020
Niskanen[14] July 26, 2020
CNN[15] August 3, 2020
The Economist[16] September 2, 2020
CBS News[17] August 16, 2020
270towin[18] August 2, 2020
ABC News[19] July 31, 2020
NPR[20] August 3, 2020
NBC News[21] August 6, 2020
538[22] September 9, 2020

Polling

Graphical summaryAggregate polls

Joe
Biden
! class="unsortable"
Donald
Trump

Other/
Undecided
Margin
270 to Win[23] October 15, 2020 – November 2, 2020November 3, 202043.3%50.3%6.4%Trump +7.0
FiveThirtyEight[24] until November 2, 2020November 3, 202044.5%51.6%3.9%Trump +7.1
Average43.9%51.0%5.1%Trump +7.1

Polls

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump

Joe
Biden
Jo
Jorgensen

Howie
Hawkins

OtherUndecided
Optimus[25] Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2020817 (LV)± 3.9%51%39%2%8%
SurveyMonkey/Axios[26] Oct 20 – Nov 2, 20202,485 (LV)± 3%56%42%
Data For Progress[27] Oct 27 – Nov 1, 20201,121 (LV)± 2.9%53%44%2%0%0%
Swayable[28] Oct 23 – Nov 1, 2020426 (LV)± 7.4%50%49%1%0%
Morning Consult[29] Oct 22–31, 2020904 (LV)± 3%51%45%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosOct 1–28, 20204,725 (LV)54%44%
Data for Progress[30] Oct 22–27, 20201,196 (LV)± 2.8%50%44%1%0%4%
Starboard Communications[31] Oct 26, 2020800 (LV)51%44%5%
East Carolina University[32] Oct 24–25, 2020763 (LV)± 4.1%52%44%3%1%
Morning ConsultOct 11–20, 2020926 (LV)± 3.2%51%45%
New York Times/Siena College[33] https://twitter.com/Nate_Cohn/status/1317110087966691330Oct 9–14, 2020605 (LV)± 4.5%49% 41% 2%1%1%6%
Data for Progress[34] Oct 8–11, 2020801 (LV)± 3.5%52%43%1%1%4%
Morning ConsultOct 2–11, 2020903 (LV)± 3%54%42%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosSep 1–30, 20201,833 (LV)53%45%2%
GBAO Strategies/DSCC[35] Sep 24–28, 2020800 (LV)± 3.5%49%44%
Data for Progress (D)[36] Sep 23–28, 2020824 (LV)± 3.4%47%43%1%1%8%
-- row ops -->50%45%5%
Quinnipiac University[37] Sep 23–27, 20201,123 (LV)± 2.9%48%47%1%4%
YouGov/CBS[38] Sep 22–25, 20201,080 (LV)± 3.8%52%42%2%4%
Morning Consult[39] Sep 11–20, 2020764 (LV)± (3% – 4%)50%44%
Quinnipiac University[40] Sep 10–14, 2020969 (LV)± 3.2%51%45%0%4%
Morning Consult[41] Sep 2–11, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)51%44%
Morning ConsultAug 23 – Sep 1, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)52%42%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosAug 1–31, 20201,326 (LV)53%45%2%
Morning ConsultAug 13–22, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)51%43%
Morning ConsultAug 3–12, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)50%43%
Quinnipiac University[42] Jul 30 – Aug 3, 2020914 (RV)± 3.2%47%42%4%7%
Morning Consult[43] Jul 24 – Aug 2, 2020741 (LV)± 4.0%49%44%3%4%
Morning ConsultJul 23 – Aug 1, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)48%45%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosJul 1–31, 20201,700 (LV)53%44%2%
Morning ConsultJul 13–22, 2020~764 (LV)± (3%–4%)50%43%
ALG Research/Lindsey Must Go[44] Jul 15–20, 2020591 (LV)50%45%1%4%
Gravis Marketing[45] https://web.archive.org/web/20200726031904/https://gravismarketing.com/south-carolina-poll-results-gravis-marketing-2020/Jul 17, 2020604 (LV)± 4.0%50%46%
brilliant corners Research & Strategies/Jaime Harrison[46] Jul 13–19, 2020800 (LV)± 3.5%50%43%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosJun 8–30, 2020863 (LV)52%47%2%
Civiqs/Daily Kos[47] May 23–26, 2020591 (RV)± 4.5%52%42%5%1%
AtlasIntel[48] Feb 25–28, 20201,100 (RV)± 3.0%48%42%11%
East Carolina University[49] Jan 31 – Feb 2, 20201,756 (RV)± 2.7%52%40%8%
Change Research[50] Jun 11–14, 20192,312 (RV)± 2.0%54%38%3%1%
Emerson College[51] Feb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%52%48%

Donald Trump vs. Bernie Sanders

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Bernie
Sanders (D)
OtherUndecided
AtlasIntelFeb 25–28, 20201,100 (RV)± 3.0%48%42%9%
East Carolina UniversityJan 31 – Feb 2, 20201,756 (RV)± 2.7%52%40%8%
Change ResearchJun 11–14, 20192,312 (RV)± 2.0%54%34%6%
Emerson CollegeFeb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%54%46%

Donald Trump vs. Elizabeth Warren

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Elizabeth
Warren (D)
Undecided
AtlasIntelFeb 25–28, 20201,100 (RV)± 3.0%49%41%10%
East Carolina UniversityJan 31 – Feb 2, 20201,756 (RV)± 2.7%54%36%10%
Emerson CollegeFeb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%54%46%

Donald Trump vs. Michael Bloomberg

Donald Trump vs. Amy Klobuchar

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Amy
Klobuchar (D)
Undecided
East Carolina UniversityJan 31 – Feb 2, 20201,756 (RV)± 2.7%52%32%15%
Emerson CollegeFeb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%56%44%

Donald Trump vs. Pete Buttigieg

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Pete
Buttigieg (D)
Undecided
AtlasIntelFeb 25–28, 20201,100 (RV)± 3.0%48%37%15%
East Carolina UniversityJan 31 – Feb 2, 20201,756 (RV)± 2.7%52%34%13%

Donald Trump vs. Tom Steyer

Donald Trump vs. Andrew Yang

Donald Trump vs. Cory Booker

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Cory
Booker (D)
OtherUndecided
Change ResearchJun 11–14, 20192,312 (RV)± 2.0%54%32%6%
Emerson CollegeFeb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%54%46%

Donald Trump vs Kamala Harris

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump (R)
Kamala
Harris (D)
OtherUndecided
Change ResearchJun 11–14, 20192,312 (RV)± 2.0%54%33%6%
Emerson CollegeFeb 28 – Mar 2, 2019755 (RV)± 3.5%56%44%

Donald Trump vs. Beto O'Rourke

with Donald Trump, Bernie Sanders, and Howard Schultz

with Donald Trump, Elizabeth Warren, and Howard Schultz

with Donald Trump, generic Democrat, and Howard Schultz

Results

Results by county

CountyDonald Trump
Republican
Joe Biden
Democratic
Various candidates
Other parties
MarginTotal
%%%%
Abbeville8,21566.07%4,10132.98%1170.95%4,11433.09%12,433
Aiken51,58960.56%32,27537.89%1,3211.55%19,31422.67%85,185
Allendale83523.24%2,71875.65%401.11%-1,883-52.41%3,593
Anderson67,56570.31%27,16928.27%1,3591.42%40,39642.04%96,093
Bamberg2,41737.29%4,01061.86%550.85%-1,593-24.57%6,482
Barnwell5,49253.21%4,72045.73%1091.06%7727.48%10,321
Beaufort53,19454.37%43,41944.38%1,2221.25%9,7759.99%97,835
Berkeley57,39754.95%45,22343.29%1,8381.76%12,17411.66%104,458
Calhoun4,30551.92%3,90547.10%810.98%4004.82%8,291
Charleston93,29742.63%121,48555.51%4,0751.86%-28,188-12.88%218,857
Cherokee18,04371.40%6,98327.63%2440.97%11,06043.77%25,270
Chester8,66054.96%6,94144.05%1560.99%1,71910.91%15,757
Chesterfield11,29759.85%7,43139.37%1480.78%3,86620.48%18,876
Clarendon8,36149.97%8,25049.30%1120.73%1110.67%16,733
Colleton10,44054.14%8,60244.61%2411.25%1,8389.53%19,283
Darlington16,83251.92%15,22046.95%3651.13%1,6124.97%32,417
Dillon6,58250.24%6,43649.13%830.63%1461.11%13,101
Dorchester41,91354.24%33,82443.77%1,5411.99%8,08910.47%77,278
Edgefield8,18461.52%4,95337.23%1671.25%3,23124.29%13,304
Fairfield4,62538.11%7,38260.83%1291.06%-2,757-22.72%12,136
Florence32,61550.56%31,15348.29%7421.15%1,4622.27%64,510
Georgetown20,48755.87%15,82243.15%3590.98%4,66512.72%36,668
Greenville150,02158.11%103,03039.91%5,1041.98%46,99118.20%258,155
Greenwood19,43160.71%12,14537.95%4301.34%7,28622.76%32,006
Hampton3,90641.98%5,32357.21%760.81%-1,417-15.23%9,305
Horry118,82166.11%59,18032.92%1,7430.97%59,64133.19%179,744
Jasper7,07849.17%7,18549.92%1310.91%-107-0.75%14,394
Kershaw20,47160.87%12,69937.76%4591.37%7,77223.11%33,629
Lancaster30,31260.78%18,93737.97%6191.25%11,37522.81%49,868
Laurens20,00465.61%10,15933.32%3251.07%9,84532.29%30,488
Lee3,00835.68%5,32963.21%941.11%-2,321-27.53%8,431
Lexington92,81764.20%49,30134.10%2,4501.70%43,51630.10%144,568
Marion5,71138.84%8,87260.34%1210.82%-3,161-21.50%14,704
Marlboro5,04444.07%6,29054.95%1120.98%-1,246-10.88%11,446
McCormick2,95851.92%2,68747.17%520.91%2714.75%5,697
Newberry11,44361.42%6,95837.35%2301.23%4,48524.07%18,631
Oconee29,69873.03%10,41425.61%5561.36%19,28447.42%40,668
Orangeburg13,60333.01%27,29566.24%3070.75%-13,692-33.23%41,205
Pickens42,90774.56%13,64523.71%9941.73%29,26250.85%57,546
Richland58,31330.09%132,57068.40%2,9391.51%-74,257-38.31%193,822
Saluda6,21066.96%2,96331.95%1011.09%3,24735.01%9,274
Spartanburg93,56062.94%52,92635.60%2,1691.46%40,63427.34%148,655
Sumter21,00042.93%27,37955.97%5411.10%-6,379-13.04%48,920
Union8,18361.73%4,93537.23%1391.04%3,24824.50%13,257
Williamsburg5,53234.61%10,28964.37%1641.02%-4,757-29.76%15,985
York82,72757.43%59,00840.96%2,3151.61%23,71916.47%144,050
Totals1,385,10355.11%1,091,54143.43%36,6851.46%293,56211.68%2,513,329

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Results by congressional district

Trump won 6 of the 7 congressional districts.

DistrictTrumpBidenRepresentative
52.1%46.1%Joe Cunningham
Nancy Mace
54.9%43.6%Joe Wilson
68.1%30.5%Jeff Duncan
59.3%38.9%William Timmons
57.6%41%Ralph Norman
31.8%67%Jim Clyburn
58.8%40.2%Tom Rice

Analysis

South Carolina—a Deep Southern Bible Belt state that was once part of the Democratic Solid South—has had a Republican tendency since 1964. Since its narrow vote for Kennedy in 1960, it has voted Democratic only in 1976, for Jimmy Carter, the former governor of the neighboring state of Georgia. Accordingly, it has long been the most conservative state on the East Coast of the United States,[53] although it has not been as conservative as its fellow Deep South states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, largely due to populous and fast-growing Charleston and Richland Counties' trending more Democratic in the 21st century. As in the case of other Deep Southern states, South Carolina also has a large African-American population[54] that helps keep the state somewhat more competitive than much of the Upper South. (The final state in the Deep South, Georgia, has become much more competitive than any of its fellow Deep South states in recent years due to the explosive growth of the Atlanta area.)

Trump performed somewhat better than polls anticipated, as aggregate polls averaged him only 7 points ahead of Biden.[55] He flipped Clarendon County for the first time since 1972 and Dillon County for the first time since 1988. Biden became the first Democrat since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964 to win the presidency without Clarendon, Calhoun, Colleton, and McCormick counties and the first Democrat since Harry S. Truman to win without Dillon and Chester counties.

Per exit polls by the Associated Press, Trump's strength in the Palmetto State came from White, born-again/Evangelical Christians, who supported Trump by 87%–90%. South Carolina is entirely in the Bible Belt. As is the case in many Southern states, there was a stark racial divide in voting for this election: White South Carolinians supported Trump by 69%–29%, while Black South Carolinians supported Biden by 92%–7%.[56]

In other elections, longtime Republican U.S. Senator Lindsey Graham won another term in the United States Senate by 10.27 percentage points over Democrat Jaime Harrison. While Harrison lost by a double-digit margin, he still slightly outperformed Biden.

Edison exit polls

2020 presidential election in South Carolina by demographic subgroup (Edison exit polling)[57] [58]
Demographic subgroupBidenTrump% oftotal vote
Total vote43.4355.11100
Ideology
Liberals92715
Moderates564238
Conservatives148547
Party
Democrats96430
Republicans49541
Independents465029
Gender
Men415745
Women455355
Race/ethnicity
White267366
Black90726
Latino5
Asian0
Other3
Age
18–24 years old53429
25–29 years old30686
30–39 years old504712
40–49 years old534618
50–64 years old386128
65 and older406027
Sexual orientation
LGBT5
Not LGBT405995
Education
High school or less465322
Some college education465325
Associate degree366317
Bachelor's degree435523
Postgraduate degree435614
Income
Under $30,000623823
$30,000–49,999425618
$50,000–99,999475131
Over $100,000346430
Issue regarded as most important
Racial inequality881015
Coronavirus891016
Economy118736
Crime and safety168414
Health care11
Region
Upcountry326625
Piedmont415714
Central524624
Pee Dee/Waccamaw435715
Low Country495021
Area type
Urban554314
Suburban405849
Rural435637
Family's financial situation today
Better than four years ago158449
Worse than four years ago881217
About the same653132

See also

Notes

Partisan clientsAdditional candidates

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: US elections key dates: When are the 2018 midterms and the 2020 presidential campaign?. https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011326/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections-key-dates-midterms-2020-presidential-house-congress-senate-a8472821.html . 2018-08-02 . limited . live. Kelly. Ben. August 13, 2018. The Independent. January 3, 2019.
  2. Web site: Distribution of Electoral Votes. National Archives and Records Administration. January 3, 2019.
  3. Web site: Real Time Live Presidential Election Results.
  4. Web site: Nevada, SC, Kansas GOP drop presidential nomination votes. Meg. Kinnard. September 7, 2019. AP NEWS.
  5. News: GOP plans to drop presidential primaries in 4 states to impede Trump challengers. Boston Globe. MSN. Annie. Karni. September 6, 2019. September 7, 2019.
  6. News: GOP considers canceling at least 3 GOP primaries and caucuses, Trump challengers outraged. ABC News. Will. Steakin. Kendall. Karson. September 6, 2019. September 7, 2019.
  7. News: Judge throws out lawsuit against South Carolina GOP for canceling 2020 primary. The Hill. Harper. Neidig. December 11, 2019.
  8. Web site: South Carolina Republican Delegation 2020. The Green Papers. February 20, 2020.
  9. Web site: 2020 POTUS Race ratings. The Cook Political Report. en. 2019-05-21.
  10. Web site: POTUS Ratings Inside Elections. insideelections.com. 2019-05-21.
  11. Web site: Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2020 President. crystalball.centerforpolitics.org. 2019-05-21.
  12. Web site: 2020 Election Forecast. November 19, 2019 . Politico.
  13. Web site: Battle for White House. April 19, 2019 . RCP.
  14. https://www.niskanencenter.org/bitecofer-post-primary-update/ 2020 Bitecofer Model Electoral College Predictions
  15. Web site: David Chalian . Terence Burlij. Road to 270: CNN's debut Electoral College map for 2020. 2020-06-16. CNN. June 11, 2020 .
  16. News: Forecasting the US elections . The Economist . 7 July 2020.
  17. Web site: 2020 Election Battleground Tracker. CBS News. July 12, 2020. July 13, 2020.
  18. Web site: 2020 Presidential Election Interactive Map. 270 to Win.
  19. Web site: ABC News Race Ratings. CBS News. July 24, 2020. July 24, 2020.
  20. News: 2020 Electoral Map Ratings: Trump Slides, Biden Advantage Expands Over 270 Votes. 2020-08-03. NPR.org. August 3, 2020. en. Montanaro. Domenico.
  21. Web site: Biden dominates the electoral map, but here's how the race could tighten. 2020-08-06. NBC News. August 6, 2020 . en.
  22. Web site: 2020 Election Forecast . FiveThirtyEight . August 12, 2020 . 14 August 2020.
  23. Web site: South Carolina 2020 Presidential Election Polls: Biden vs. Trump - 270toWin. 270toWin.com.
  24. Web site: South Carolina : President: general election Polls. Ryan. Best. Aaron. Bycoffe. Ritchie. King. Dhrumil. Mehta. Anna. Wiederkehr. June 28, 2018. FiveThirtyEight.
  25. Web site: 0ptimus-SC-VA7-November-2020/south_carolina_poll_toplines_tl_31_october_2020.pdf at main · optimus-forecasting-and-polling/0ptimus-SC-VA7-November-2020. GitHub.
  26. Web site: Candidate preference. www.tableau.com.
  27. Web site: Data For Progress.
  28. Web site: Swayable. https://web.archive.org/web/20201127001647/https://www.swayable.com/polls/2020-11-02-small.html. dead. November 27, 2020.
  29. Web site: 2020 U.S. Election Tracker. Morning Consult Pro.
  30. Web site: Data for Progress.
  31. Web site: x.com.
  32. Web site: ECU Center for Survey Research - ECU Poll of South Carolina: Graham with a Narrow Lead Over Harrison Among Likely Voters; Trump Ahead of Biden as Election Day Nears. surveyresearch-ecu.reportablenews.com.
  33. Web site: New York Times/Siena College. https://web.archive.org/web/20201015183321/https://int.nyt.com/data/documenttools/sc100920-crosstabs/7b3ac01b2be42e57/full.pdf. dead. October 15, 2020.
  34. Web site: Data for Progress.
  35. Web site: x.com.
  36. Web site: Data for Progress (D).
  37. Web site: Quinnipiac University.
  38. Web site: Tight races in Georgia and North Carolina, while Supreme Court is another factor — Battleground Tracker - CBS News. Anthony. Salvanto. Jennifer De. Pinto. Fred. Backus. Kabir. Khanna. Elena. Cox. September 27, 2020. www.cbsnews.com.
  39. Web site: Graham Is Weak With GOP Voters. Strategists Think Another Supreme Court Fight Will Help. Morning Consult Pro.
  40. Web site: Poll Results | Quinnipiac University Poll.
  41. Web site: Morning Consult.
  42. Web site: Quinnipiac University. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034309/https://poll.qu.edu/2020-presidential-swing-state-polls/release-detail?ReleaseID=3670. dead. August 7, 2020.
  43. Web site: Republicans Lead Senate Races in Alabama, Kentucky and Texas, With South Carolina Tied. Morning Consult Pro.
  44. https://lindseymustgo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Baseline-SC-Statewide-July-2020-1.pdf ALG Research/Lindsey Must Go
  45. Web site: South Carolina Poll Results. July 18, 2020.
  46. Web site: Stand with Democrats in all 50 states. ActBlue.
  47. Web site: Civiqs/Daily Kos.
  48. Web site: AtlasIntel.
  49. Web site: ECU Center for Survey Research - South Carolina Poll: Biden Leads Presidential Primary Among Likely Democratic Voters, But Many Open to Changing Their Mind Before Election Day. Trump and Graham Lead Comfortably in General Election Matchups. surveyresearch-ecu.reportablenews.com.
  50. Web site: Change Research.
  51. Web site: Emerson College. https://web.archive.org/web/20190427144740/http://emersonpolling.com/2019/03/02/south-carolina-2020-poll-biden-leads-primary-field-by-wide-margin-president-trump-popular-with-base/. dead. April 27, 2019.
  52. Web site: WPA Intelligence (R).
  53. Web site: Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections. uselectionatlas.org.
  54. Web site: South Carolina Population 2020/2021. 2021-08-31. www.populationu.com.
  55. Web site: South Carolina 2020 Presidential Election Polls: Biden vs. Trump.
  56. News: 2020-11-03. South Carolina Voter Surveys: How Different Groups Voted. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-11-17. 0362-4331.
  57. Web site: South Carolina 2020 President exit polls.. 2020-12-28. www.cnn.com. en.
  58. News: South Carolina Exit Polls: How Different Groups Voted.. The New York Times . November 3, 2020 . 2020-12-28. en.