2020 United States presidential election in Alaska explained

See main article: 2020 United States presidential election.

Election Name:2020 United States presidential election in Alaska
Country:Alaska
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
College Voted:yes
Previous Election:2016 United States presidential election in Alaska
Previous Year:2016
Election Date:November 3, 2020
Next Election:2024 United States presidential election in Alaska
Next Year:2024
Turnout:60.67%
Image1:Donald Trump official portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Donald Trump
Party1:Republican Party (United States)
Home State1:Florida
Running Mate1:Mike Pence
Electoral Vote1:3
Popular Vote1:189,951
Percentage1:52.83%
Nominee2:Joe Biden
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Home State2:Delaware
Running Mate2:Kamala Harris
Electoral Vote2:0
Popular Vote2:153,778
Percentage2:42.77%
President
Before Election:Donald Trump
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Joe Biden
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2020 United States presidential election in Alaska took place on Tuesday, November 3, 2020, as part of the 2020 United States presidential election in which all 50 states and the District of Columbia participated.[1] Alaska voters chose three electors[2] to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Republican President Donald Trump and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Mike Pence, against Democratic challenger and former Vice President Joe Biden and his running mate, United States Senator Kamala Harris of California. The Libertarian, Green, Constitution, and Alliance Party nominees were also on the ballot, as was an Independent candidate.

Prior to the election, 13 of 14 news organizations making predictions considered this a state Trump would win, or otherwise a red state. Since it was admitted into the Union in 1959, Alaska has voted for the Republican nominee in every single election except 1964[3] in Lyndon B. Johnson's nationwide landslide, when he carried it with 65.91% of the vote.[4] However, some analysts believed Alaska could be competitive based on polling.[5] [6]

Despite not being a swing state, Alaska was one of the last states to be called; the state did not start counting absentee ballots or early votes that were cast after October 29 until November 10.[7] Mail-in votes only had to be received by November 13 for them to be counted, and counting had to be completed by November 18.[8] As a result, Alaska was called for Trump on November 11.[9] He won the state by 10.06%, the closest margin in the state since 1992. Biden received the highest percentage of the vote for a Democrat in the state since 1964. It was also the second time a Democrat won over 40% of the vote in the state since 1968, the first being Barack Obama in 2012.[10]

Alaska shifted 4.67% to the Democratic nominee compared to the 2016 election. The state ultimately weighed in as 14.51 percentage points more Republican than the national average in 2020. Biden was the first Democratic presidential candidate to win Anchorage since Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, and the first Democrat to receive a majority in Haines Borough since 1964.

Primary elections

Canceled Republican primary

On September 21, 2019, the Alaska Republican Party became one of several state Republican parties to officially cancel their respective primaries and caucuses. The party argued that a primary would be useless with an incumbent Republican president.[11]

Of the 29 total delegates, 3 is allocated to the at-large congressional district, 10 to at-large delegates, and another 3 are allocated to pledged party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates). 13 bonus delegates were allocated.

The state party still formally conducted the higher meetings in their walking subcaucus-type delegate selection system. The legislative district conventions were held on the four consecutive Saturdays from February 8 to 29 to select delegates to the Alaska State Republican Convention. At the Alaska State Republican Convention, which took place from April 2 to April 4, 2020, the state party formally bound all 29 of its national pledged delegates to Trump.[12]

The 26 pledged delegates Alaska sent to the national convention were joined by 3 pledged PLEO delegates, consisting of the National Committeeman, National Committeewoman, and chairman of the Alaska Republican Party.

Democratic primary

The Alaska Democratic primary was originally scheduled for April 4, 2020. On March 23, due to concerns over the COVID-19 pandemic, the Alaska Democratic Party canceled in-person voting, but extended mail-in voting to April 10.[13]

Libertarian nominee

No contest was held for the Libertarian Party's nomination in the state of Alaska. At the 2020 Libertarian National Convention, the Alaskan delegates cast their votes for Georgia politician John Monds, but on the third and fourth ballots voted for Jo Jorgensen, psychology senior lecturer at Clemson University. Jorgensen would become the party's nominee after being elected on the fourth ballot, her running mate being entrepreneur and podcaster Spike Cohen.[14] [15]

General election

Issues

Several of Trump's environmental policies involved loosening restrictions on energy, hunting, and mining in Alaska: he instructed the Department of Agriculture to exempt Tongass National Forest from logging restrictions;[16] supported the construction of Pebble Mine, an unpopular[17] gold and copper mine in Bristol Bay (though the permit was ultimately denied);[18] rolled back limits on hunters in federal land in Alaska;[19] and opened the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling.[20] While these policies expanded their respective industries, they were met with opposition among environmental groups and the Gwich'in, whose sacred land is partly within the refuge.[21] [22] Biden pledged to reverse several of Trump's climate policies[23] and address the climate crisis, and he enacted a temporary moratorium on gas and oil leasing in the ANWR after being inaugurated on January 20, 2021.[24]

Trump's environmental and gun policy also included reviving hunting techniques in Alaska, an action condemned by several animal rights groups.[25]

Final predictions

SourceRanking
The Cook Political Report[26]
Inside Elections[27]
Sabato's Crystal Ball[28]
Politico[29]
RCP[30]
Niskanen[31]
CNN[32]
The Economist[33]
CBS News[34]
270towin[35]
ABC News[36]
NPR[37]
NBC News[38]
538[39]

Polling

Graphical summaryAggregate polls

Joe
Biden
! class="unsortable"
Donald
Trump

Other/
Undecided
Margin
270 to Win[40] October 6 – November 2, 2020November 3, 202043.8%49.4%6.8%Trump +5.6
FiveThirtyEight[41] until November 2, 2020November 3, 202043.6%51.2%5.2%Trump +7.7
Average43.7%50.3%6.0%Trump +6.7

Polls

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Donald
Trump

Joe
Biden
Jo
Jorgensen

OtherUndecided
SurveyMonkey/Axios[42] Oct 20 – Nov 2, 2020634 (LV)± 5%54%45%
Gravis Marketing[43] Oct 26–28, 2020770 (LV)± 3.5%52%43%5%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosOct 1–28, 20201,147 (LV)54%44%
Public Policy Polling/Protect Our Care[44] Oct 19–20, 2020800 (V)± 3.5%50%45%-5%
Siena College/NYT Upshot[45] Oct 9–14, 2020423 (LV)± 5.7%45%39%8%2%6%
Patinkin Research Strategies[46] Sep 30 – Oct 4, 2020600 (LV)± 4%49%46%3%2%
Alaska Survey Research[47] Sep 26 – Oct 4, 2020696 (LV)50%46%--4%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosSep 1–30, 2020563 (LV)53%45%--2%
Harstad Strategic Research/Independent Alaska[48] Sep 20–23, 2020602 (LV)± 4%47%46%--
SurveyMonkey/AxiosAug 1–31, 2020472 (LV)57%42%--1%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosJul 1–31, 2020412 (LV)55%43%--2%
Public Policy Polling (D)[49] Jul 23–24, 2020885 (V)50%44%--6%
Public Policy Polling[50] Jul 7–8, 20201,081 (RV)± 3.0%48%45%--6%
Alaska Survey Research[51] Jun 23 – Jul 7, 2020663 (LV)± 3.9%49%48%--4%
SurveyMonkey/AxiosJun 8–30, 2020161 (LV)52%46%--2%
Zogby Interactive/JZ Analytics[52] Jul 22 – Aug 9, 2019321 (LV)± 5.5%45%40%--15%

Donald Trump vs. Pete Buttigieg

Donald Trump vs. Kamala HarrisDonald Trump vs. Bernie SandersDonald Trump vs. Elizabeth Warren

Fundraising

According to the Federal Election Commission, in 2019 and 2020, of the candidates who were on the ballot, Donald Trump and his interest groups raised $1,487,277.13,[53] Joe Biden raised $1,321,242.60,[54] and Jo Jorgensen raised $7,420.85[55] from Alaska-based contributors. Don Blankenship,[56] Brock Pierce,[57] and Rocky De La Fuente,[58] all of which were on the ballot, did not raise any money from the state.

Candidate ballot access

In addition, write-in candidates were required to file a Declaration of Intent with the Alaska Division of Elections at least five days before the election. They were also obligated to file a financial disclosure statement. Write-in votes were not counted individually.[59] [60] The following candidates were given write-in access:[61]

Electoral slates

The voters of Alaska cast their ballots for electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, rather than directly for the President and Vice President. Alaska is allocated 3 electors because it has 1 congressional district and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 3 electors who pledge to vote for their candidate and their running mate. Whoever wins the most votes in the state is awarded all 3 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than their candidate is known as a faithless elector. In the state of Alaska, a faithless elector's vote is counted and not penalized.[62] [63]

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 14, 2020, to cast their votes for president and vice president. All 3 pledged electors from Alaska cast their votes for President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead, the electors from each state and the District of Columbia meet in their respective state capitals (the District of Columbia electors meet within the District). The electoral vote was tabulated and certified by Congress in a joint session on January 6, 2021, per the Electoral Count Act.

These electors were nominated by each party in order to vote in the Electoral College should their candidate win the state:[64]

Delay in results

As expected, there was a nationwide delay in reporting election results, due to the extreme influx of absentee and mail-in ballots as a public health measure in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[65] In Alaska, these delays were especially severe. Alaska mailed absentee ballot applications to every voter aged 65 and over.[66] Mail-in ballots only needed to be postmarked by Election Day and received by November 13 (November 18 for overseas voters), further delaying the count.[67] Only early votes cast before October 29 and Election Day votes would be released on Election Night and the state could not even begin the counting of absentee ballots nor the remaining early votes until November 10. Counting was expected to be complete by November 18. By November 4, the state still had at least 122,233 absentee ballots to count.[68] [69] Alaska and New York are the only two states to begin counting absentee ballots after Election Day.[70] Gail Felunumiai, Alaska's Director of Elections, attributed the delay to the need to verify that voters who voted by mail and also at their polling places did not have their ballots counted twice.[71]

The delay in counting left many races undecided for weeks.[72] The extreme rural nature of the state only worsened the delay: with many local communities being accessible only by boat or plane, seven communities had to vote entirely by absentee ballots in the primary due to a last-minute shortage of election workers. The Associated Press called the race for Trump on November 11 at 12:16 PM EST (8:16 AM AKST),[73] 4 days after President-elect Biden won the national election.

Results

By State House district

Unlike every other U.S. state, Alaska is not divided into counties or parishes. Rather, it is administratively divided into 20 boroughs: 19 organized and 1 unorganized, which act as county-equivalents. The Unorganized Borough lacks a borough government structure and itself is divided into eleven census areas.[74] Contrary to election results in most states, official results by borough are not available – rather, they are estimates based on precinct-level data.[75] However, the Alaska Division of Elections does release official results by State House district, which are listed in the table below. Trump won 21 districts to Biden's 19. Biden also won overseas ballots. The 5th, 23rd, 25th, 27th, 28th, and 35th districts swung from voting for Donald Trump in 2016 to Joe Biden in 2020.[76] [77]

State House District[78] Donald Trump
Republican
Joe Biden
Democratic
Jo Jorgensen
Libertarian
Jesse Ventura
Green
Don Blankenship
Constitution
Brock Pierce
Independent
Rocky De La Fuente
Alliance
Write-inMarginTotal votesRegistered votersVoter turnout
Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%
1 - Fairbanks3,51147.43%3,47746.97%2162.92%500.68%340.46%240.32%20.03%891.20%340.46%7,40313,92653.16%
2 - Fort Wainwright3,67459.54%2,10434.09%2874.65%300.49%180.29%140.23%90.15%350.57%1,57025.45%6,17111,99751.44%
3 - North Pole6,07671.89%1,90322.52%3163.74%420.50%270.32%130.15%80.09%670.79%4,17349.37%8,45214,87856.81%
4 - Goldstream4,69044.10%5,34550.25%3233.04%930.87%270.25%290.27%40.04%1251.18%-655-6.15%10,63615,27469.63%
5 - West Fairbanks4,07746.65%4,20448.11%2592.96%680.78%210.24%170.19%80.09%850.97%-127-1.46%8,73913,95862.61%
6 - Rural Interior5,77060.36%3,27234.23%2662.78%830.87%330.35%310.32%50.05%991.04%2,49826.13%9,55915,44461.89%
7 - Wasilla7,02772.35%2,21522.80%2722.80%540.56%360.37%130.13%50.05%910.94%4,81249.55%9,71316,69258.19%
8 - Knik7,61876.28%1,95319.56%2412.41%480.48%280.28%180.18%60.06%750.75%5,66556.72%9,98717,53156.97%
9 - Sutton-Valdez-Delta7,78770.17%2,76924.95%3012.71%770.69%390.35%160.14%40.04%1050.95%5,01845.22%11,09816,91765.60%
10 - Houston8,08171.64%2,72724.18%2862.54%640.57%220.20%190.17%60.05%750.66%5,35447.46%11,28017,57764.17%
11 - Palmer7,09666.14%3,13029.17%2692.51%880.82%220.21%170.16%60.06%1010.94%3,96636.97%10,72916,49165.06%
12 - Butte7,89369.66%2,95726.10%2882.54%540.48%280.25%150.13%30.03%920.81%4,93643.56%11,33016,54668.48%
13 - Chugiak4,65259.69%2,66634.21%3083.95%400.51%160.21%250.32%60.08%801.03%1,98625.48%7,79313,88856.11%
14 - Eagle River6,71457.94%4,26136.77%3563.07%500.43%460.40%100.09%60.05%1451.25%2,45321.17%11,58816,72669.28%
15 - JBER2,67147.48%2,62246.61%1973.50%360.64%100.18%130.23%100.18%671.19%490.87%5,62612,60744.63%
16 - Nunaka Valley3,51642.84%4,27452.08%2102.56%640.78%270.33%150.18%120.15%891.08%-758-9.24%8,20715,06754.47%
17 - UMed2,81038.42%4,13656.56%1842.52%640.88%180.25%180.25%90.12%741.01%-1,326-18.14%7,31313,30754.96%
18 - West Anchorage2,76035.33%4,68159.92%1572.01%791.01%240.31%150.19%40.05%921.18%-1,921-24.59%7,81214,18355.08%
19 - Mountain View1,97536.69%3,11857.92%1102.04%520.97%220.41%110.20%130.24%821.52%-1,143-21.23%5,38312,32843.66%
20 - Downtown Anchorage2,38331.35%4,88164.21%1532.01%530.70%80.11%150.20%40.05%1051.38%-2,498-32.86%7,60214,08653.97%
21 - Turnagain-Sand Lake3,69038.71%5,41456.79%2032.13%700.73%290.30%190.20%40.04%1041.09%-1,724-18.08%9,53314,63365.15%
22 - Jewel Lake4,68448.55%4,55347.20%2002.07%460.48%160.17%180.19%30.03%1271.32%1311.35%9,64715,07763.98%
23 - Campbell Creek3,65546.64%3,81048.62%1702.17%530.68%220.28%160.20%130.17%981.25%-155-1.98%7,83714,32554.71%
24 - East Anchorage5,37850.98%4,73644.89%2222.10%460.44%150.14%240.23%70.07%1221.16%6426.09%10,55015,07869.97%
25 - Abbott4,40746.88%4,60048.94%2012.14%670.71%210.22%140.15%150.16%750.80%-193-2.06%9,40015,17561.94%
26 - O'Malley-Huffman5,24351.26%4,55844.56%2072.02%550.54%230.22%230.22%20.02%1181.15%6856.70%10,22915,59165.61%
27 - Hillside4,32445.13%4,84450.55%2282.38%590.62%210.22%240.25%60.06%760.79%-520-5.42%9,58215,39062.26%
28 - Girdwood6,16247.76%6,26448.55%2191.70%690.53%160.12%160.12%30.02%1531.19%-102-0.79%12,90216,74377.06%
29 - Nikiski-Seward7,46468.96%2,98527.58%1901.76%690.64%260.24%100.09%30.03%760.70%4,47941.38%10,82316,29666.42%
30 - Kenai7,18069.97%2,63825.71%2702.63%420.41%260.25%170.17%30.03%860.84%4,54244.26%10,26216,78261.15%
31 - Homer6,97155.56%5,03740.15%2501.99%1000.80%270.22%180.14%70.06%1361.08%1,93415.41%12,54618,13269.19%
32 - Kodiak4,44052.89%3,50641.76%2382.84%1051.25%210.25%210.25%40.05%600.71%93411.13%8,39513,98660.02%
33 - Juneau3,05927.65%7,53568.11%1971.78%1030.93%270.24%250.23%90.08%1080.98%-4,476-40.46%11,06316,30667.85%
34 - Mendenhall4,54341.85%5,76353.09%2792.57%680.63%360.33%340.31%60.06%1271.17%-1,220-11.24%10,85616,03467.71%
35 - Sitka-Petersburg4,76946.71%5,01149.08%1701.67%950.93%350.34%160.16%60.06%1071.05%-242-2.37%10,20915,76664.75%
36 - Ketchikan5,11454.47%3,79640.43%2452.61%790.84%300.32%200.21%80.09%971.03%1,31814.04%9,38915,37561.07%
37 - Bristol Bay-Aleutians2,35845.09%2,56048.95%861.64%561.07%510.98%170.33%140.27%881.68%-202-3.86%5,23010,44750.06%
38 - Bethel1,73732.17%3,20259.30%1051.94%1122.07%520.96%611.13%300.56%1011.87%-1,465-27.13%5,40012,14544.46%
39 - Nome1,93932.26%3,58059.56%1232.05%1041.73%801.33%450.75%200.33%1202.00%-1,641-27.30%6,01112,14449.50%
40 - Kotzebue-Utqiagvik1,99442.63%2,31849.56%942.01%861.84%471.00%390.83%250.53%741.58%-324-6.93%4,67710,11846.22%
Overseas ballots[79] 5913.47%37385.16%10.23%00.00%00.00%00.00%00.00%51.14%-314-71.69%43868164.32%
Total189,95152.83%153,77842.77%8,8972.47%2,6730.74%1,1270.31%8250.23%3180.09%3,8311.06%36,17310.06%361,400595,64760.67%

Boroughs and census areas that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Borough that flipped from Democratic to Republican

By congressional district

Trump won the state's lone at-large district.[80]

Analysis

Biden narrowly won Anchorage, the state's largest city, outperforming local Democrats.[81] Biden was the first Democrat to win Anchorage since Johnson. This also made Trump the first candidate of either party to prevail in Alaska without winning Anchorage. James Brooks at the Anchorage Daily News attributed Trump's victory to strong performances in the Kenai Peninsula and Matanuska-Susitna Borough.

The election corresponded with the 2020 United States Senate election in Alaska, with incumbent Republican Dan Sullivan being successfully re-elected against independent Al Gross, who was also nominated and endorsed by the Democratic Party.[82] Sullivan won by a 12.71% margin, outperforming Trump by 2.65 percentage points, consistent with a nationwide trend where down-ballot Republicans outperformed Trump.[83] In the United States House of Representatives election in Alaska, incumbent Republican Don Young underperformed Trump by 0.92 percentage points against Democrat-endorsed independent Alyse Galvin.[84]

Exit polls

Associated Press

The following are estimates from exit polls conducted by the University of Chicago for the Associated Press interviewing 689 likely voters in Alaska, adjusted to match the actual vote count.[85]

2020 presidential election in Alaska by subgroup (Associated Press exit polling)
Demographic subgroupBidenTrumpJorgensen% oftotal vote
Total vote42.7752.832.47100
Ideology
Liberals937<129
Moderates5341526
Conservatives591345
Party
Democrats or lean Democrat972<138
Republicans or lean Republican690355
Independents4038146
Type of vote
Election Day2272537
Early in-person5147229
Mail5938134
Vote in 2016
Hillary Clinton981<130
Donald Trump592144
Someone else47331313
Did not vote14
Gender
Men3660453
Women5245147
Race/ethnicity
White4453272
Black3
Latino5
Other4649220
Age
18–29 years old15
30–44 years old4156227
45–64 years old3957438
65 and older4852<120
Religion
Protestant/Other Christian2176243
Catholic12
Other4848116
None7424129
Sexual orientation
LGBT5
Heterosexual4057195
Education
High school or less24
Some college education or associate degree3758240
College graduate5844723
Postgraduate degree5543<113
Total household income (2019)
Under $50,0005045323
$50,000–$99,9994352340
Over $100,0003860237
Union households
Yes28
No3959172
Veteran households
Yes52
No4547848
Area type
Urban5147121
Suburban3559430
Small town5046330
Rural3761<119

See also

Notes

Partisan clients

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: US elections key dates: When are the 2018 midterms and the 2020 presidential campaign?. Kelly. Ben. August 13, 2018. The Independent. January 3, 2019. January 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190103202343/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-elections-key-dates-midterms-2020-presidential-house-congress-senate-a8472821.html. live.
  2. Web site: Distribution of Electoral Votes. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190109144218/https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/allocation.html. January 9, 2019. January 3, 2019. National Archives and Records Administration.
  3. Web site: Savicki. Drew. May 4, 2020. The Road to 270: Alaska. December 19, 2020. 270toWin.
  4. Web site: Guthrie. Benjamin J.. Roberts. Ralph R.. August 15, 1965. Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1964. December 19, 2020. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives.
  5. Web site: Cohn . Nate . October 16, 2020 . Alaska Is More Competitive, but Republicans Still Lead . December 31, 2023 . The New York Times.
  6. Web site: Solender. Andrew. October 31, 2020. Biden Competitive In Alaska? Republicans Fret Over Trump Odds In Once-Reliable Red States. December 19, 2020. Forbes. en.
  7. Web site: Durkee. Alison. November 5, 2020. Here's Why Alaska Hasn't Been Called Yet. December 19, 2020. Forbes. en.
  8. Web site: Rakich. Nathaniel. Mejía. Elena. October 30, 2020. When To Expect Election Results In Every State. December 19, 2020. FiveThirtyEight. en.
  9. Web site: November 11, 2020. Trump wins Alaska after losing U.S. presidency to Biden: Edison Research. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112164505/https://in.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-alaska/trump-wins-alaska-after-losing-u-s-presidency-to-biden-edison-research-idUSKBN27R23G . November 12, 2020 . November 13, 2020. Reuters.
  10. Web site: Guthrie. Benjamin J.. July 1, 1969. Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1968. December 19, 2020. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives.
  11. News: Cole. Devan. September 23, 2019. Alaska GOP cancels its 2020 presidential primary in show of support for Trump. CNN. live. September 26, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190925012549/https://www.cnn.com/2019/09/23/politics/alaska-cancels-republican-primary-donald-trump/index.html. September 25, 2019.
  12. Web site: Alaska Republican Delegation 2020 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200301084635/https://www.thegreenpapers.com/P20/AK-R . March 1, 2020 . February 21, 2020 . The Green Papers.
  13. News: Sulivan. Kate. March 23, 2020. Rhode Island postpones primaries and Alaska Democrats cancel in-person voting due to coronavirus. CNN. live. March 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200325085239/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/23/politics/rhode-island-alaska-primaries-coronavirus/index.html. March 25, 2020.
  14. https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/2020/05/26/clemson-university-professor-wins-libertarian-nomination-president/5257978002/ Clemson professor wins Libertarian nomination for president
  15. LNC Convention Day 2. May 23, 2020. . May 23, 2020. Libertarian Party.
  16. Web site: Buchman . Brandi . October 28, 2020 . Trump Opens Tongass, the Nation's Largest Intact Protected Forest, to Logging . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201031235306/https://www.courthousenews.com/trump-opens-tongass-the-nations-largest-intact-protected-forest-to-logging/ . October 31, 2020 . January 22, 2021 . . en-US.
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