2020 United States Senate election in Alabama explained

Election Name:	2020 United States Senate election in Alabama
Country:	Alabama
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama
Previous Year:	2017 (special)
Next Election:	2026 United States Senate election in Alabama
Next Year:	2026
Election Date:	November 3, 2020
Image1:	File:Tommy Tuberville 117th Congress Portrait.jpg
Nominee1:	Tommy Tuberville
Party1:	Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:	1,392,076
Percentage1:	60.10%
Nominee2:	Doug Jones
Party2:	Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:	920,478
Percentage2:	39.74%
Map Size:	250px
U.S. senator
Before Election:	Doug Jones
Before Party:	Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:	Tommy Tuberville
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)
Turnout:	63.1% ^[1]

The 2020 United States Senate election in Alabama was held on November 3, 2020, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of Alabama, concurrently with the 2020 U.S. presidential election, as well as other elections to the United States Senate in other states, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various state and local elections.

Incumbent senator Doug Jones, first elected in a 2017 special election in what was widely labeled a major upset, ran for a full term, facing Tommy Tuberville in the general election. This race was one of two Democratic-held U.S. Senate seats up for election in 2020 in a state President Trump won in 2016.^[2] Jones was widely considered the most vulnerable senator among those seeking re-election in 2020 due to Alabama's heavy Republican lean, with analysts predicting a Republican pickup; Jones's 2017 win was in part due to sexual misconduct allegations against his Republican opponent Roy Moore.^[3]

As was predicted, Tuberville easily defeated Jones,^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} whose 20.36% margin of defeat was the largest for an incumbent U.S. Senator since Arkansas' Blanche Lincoln in 2010. Tuberville received the highest percentage of the vote for any challenger since Joseph D. Tydings in 1964. Jones became the first Democratic senator to lose reelection in Alabama, and the only Democratic senator to be defeated in 2020. He outperformed Biden in the state by about 5 points. This was the only Republican flip of the 2020 U.S. Senate elections, and as of is the last time Republicans flipped a Senate seat.

Democratic primary

The candidate filing deadline was November 8, 2019. Jones ran unopposed.^{[8] [9]}

Candidates

Nominee

• Doug Jones, incumbent U.S. senator^[10]

Declined

• John Rogers, state representative^[11]
• Randall Woodfin, mayor of Birmingham^[12] (endorsed Jones)

Endorsements

Republican primary

Candidates

Nominee

• Tommy Tuberville, former Auburn Tigers football head coach^[13]

Eliminated in runoff

• Jeff Sessions, former United States attorney general, former holder of this seat, and former attorney general of Alabama^[14]

Eliminated in primary

• Stanley Adair, businessman^[15]
• Bradley Byrne, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 1st congressional district^[16]
• Arnold Mooney, state representative
• Roy Moore, former chief justice of the Alabama Supreme Court, former candidate for Governor of Alabama in 2006 and 2010 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2017^[17]
• Ruth Page Nelson, community activist^[18]

Withdrew

• Marty Preston Hatley^[19]
• John Merrill, Secretary of State of Alabama^[20]
• John Paul Serbin^{[21] [22]}

Declined

• Robert Aderholt, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 4th congressional district^[23]
• Will Ainsworth, Alabama lieutenant governor^[24]
• Mo Brooks, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 5th congressional district and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2017^[25]
• Will Dismukes, state representative^[26]
• Matt Gaetz, incumbent U.S. representative for Florida's 1st congressional district^[27]
• Del Marsh, president pro tempore of the Alabama Senate^[28]
• Arthur Orr, state senator (endorsed Byrne)
• Martha Roby, incumbent U.S. representative for Alabama's 2nd congressional district^[29]
• Heather Whitestone, former Miss America^{[30] [31]}

First round

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Stanley Adair	Mo Brooks	Bradley Byrne	Del Marsh	John Merrill	Arnold Mooney	Roy Moore	Ruth Page Nelson	Gary Palmer	Jeff Sessions	Tommy Tuberville	Other	Undecided
WPA Intelligence	February 18–19, 2020	607 (LV)	± 4%	<1%	–	17%	–	–	<1%	5%	–	–		29%		32%	<1%	15%
WPA Intelligence	February 10–12, 2020	600 (LV)	± 4%	<1%	–	17%	–	–	1%	6%	<1%	–		34%		29%	–	15%
Harper Polling	February 8–9, 2020	609 (LV)	± 3.97%	–	–		26%	–	–	–	5%	–	–		31%	24%	–	14%
Mason-Dixon	February 4–6, 2020	400 (LV)	± 5.0%	–	–	17%	–	–	–	5%	–	–		31%		29%	2%	16%
OnMessage	January 13–15, 2020	700 (LV)	± 2.5%	–	–		22%	–	–	–	–	–	–		43%	21%	–	–
OnMessage	December 3–5, 2019	700 (LV)	± 3.7%	–	–	14%	–	–	1%	7%	1%	–		44%		21%	–	12%
Cherry Communications	December 1–3, 2019	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	1%	–	12%	–	–	1%	8%	–	–		35%		31%	–	–
	December 1, 2019	Merrill withdraws from the race
	November 8, 2019	Filing deadline, by which Palmer had not declared his candidacy
	November 7, 2019	Nelson and Sessions announce their candidacies
WPA Intelligence	October 29–31, 2019	511 (V)	± 4.4%	–	–	11%	–	6%	2%	11%	–	–		36%		23%	–	–
Cygnal	October 10–12, 2019	536 (LV)	–	1%	–		18%	–	9%	2%	11%	–	–	–		32%	–		28%
Tommy for Senate	Released on October 5, 2019	– (LV)	–	1%	–	13%	–	9%	1%		15%	–	–	–		36%	–		26%
Moore Information	August 11–13, 2019	400 (LV)	± 5.0%	–	–		17%	–	13%	1%	15%	–	–	–		33%	3%		17%
	June 25, 2019	Merrill announces his candidacy
Cygnal	June 22–23, 2019	612 (LV)	4.0%	–	–		21%	–	12%	2%	13%	–	–	–		29%	–		22%
				–	–	13%	–	8%	–	9%	–	–		29%		21%	–	–
	June 20, 2019	Moore announces his candidacy
Moore Information	June 10–11, 2019	650 (LV)	± 4.0%	–	–	16%	–	7%	2%		18%	–	–	–		23%	6%		28%
	May 3, 2019	Brooks announces he will not run
	April 22, 2019	Marsh announces he will not run
Mason-Dixon	April 9–11, 2019	400 (RV)	± 5.0%	–		18%	13%	4%	–	–		27%	–	11%	–	–	2%		25%
Victory Phones	Released in February 2019	400 (LV)	± 5.0%	–		30%		17%	7%	–	–	–	–	12%	–	–	6%		27%

Primary results

Runoff

The runoff for the Republican Senate nomination was planned for March 31, 2020,^[32] but it was delayed until July 14 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.^[33]

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Jeff Sessions	Tommy Tuberville	Other / Undecided
Auburn University at Montgomery	July 2–9, 2020	558 (RV)	± 6%	31%		47%	22%
OnMessage (R)	May 26–27, 2020	600 (LV)	± 3.46%	43%		49%	8%
FM3 Research (D)	May 14–18, 2020	– (LV)	–	32%		54%	14%
Cygnal	May 7–10, 2020	607 (LV)	± 3.98%	32%		55%	13%
FM3 Research (D)	March, 2020	– (LV)	–	36%		54%	10%
OnMessage (R)	March 8–9, 2020	800 (LV)	± 3.46%	45%	45%	10%
Cygnal	March 6–8, 2020	645 (LV)	+ 3.86%	40%		52%	8%
Moore Information Group	March 5–7, 2020	400 (LV)	± 5%	38%		49%	13%
WT&S Consulting	March 5, 2020	1,234 (LV)	+ 3.29%	42%		49%	8%
Mason-Dixon	February 4–6, 2020	400 (LV)	± 5.0%		49%	42%	9%

with Bradley Byrne and Gary Palmer

with Bradley Byrne and Jeff Sessions

with Mo Brooks and Bradley Byrne

with Mo Brooks and Roy Moore

Results

Independents

Candidates

Withdrawn

• Mike Parrish^{[34] [35] [36]}
• Jarmal Sanders, reverend^{[34] [35] [36]}
• Marcus Jejaun Williams^{[34] [37]}

General election

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
align=left	The Cook Political Report^[38]		October 29, 2020
align=left	Inside Elections^[39]		October 28, 2020
align=left	Sabato's Crystal Ball^[40]		November 2, 2020
Daily Kos^[41]		October 30, 2020
Politico^[42]		November 2, 2020
RCP^[43]		October 23, 2020
DDHQ^[44]		November 3, 2020
538^[45]		November 2, 2020
Economist^[46]		November 2, 2020

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Doug Jones (D)	Tommy Tuberville (R)	Other	Undecided
Swayable	October 27 – November 1, 2020	294 (LV)	± 8.5%	42%		58%	–	–
Data for Progress	October 27 – November 1, 2020	1,045 (LV)	± 3%	44%		56%	0%	–
Morning Consult	October 22–31, 2020	850 (LV)	± 3%	39%		51%	–	–
Auburn University At Montgomery	October 23–28, 2020	853 (LV)	± 4.4%	43%		54%	3%	–
Swayable	October 23–26, 2020	232 (LV)	± 8.7%	46%		54%	–	–
Cygnal	October 21–23, 2020	645 (LV)	± 3.9%	41%		55%	–	4%
Moore Information (R)	October 11–14, 2020	504 (LV)	± 4.5%	40%		55%	–	–
FM3 Research (D)	October 11–14, 2020	801 (LV)	± 3.5%		48%	47%	–	5%
Auburn University at Montgomery	September 30 – October 3, 2020	1,072 (RV)	± 4.0%	42%		54%	4%	–
Morning Consult	September 11–20, 2020	658 (LV)	± (2% – 7%)	34%		52%	–	–
Morning Consult	July 24 – August 2, 2020	609 (LV)	± 4.0%	35%		52%	4%	9%
Auburn University at Montgomery	July 2–9, 2020	567 (RV)	± 5.1%	36%		44%	7%	14%
WPA Intelligence (R)	June 29 – July 2, 2020	509 (LV)	± 3.8%	40%		50%	–	–
ALG Research (D)	June 18–22, 2020	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	44%		47%	1%	8%
Cygnal (R)	June 13–16, 2020	530 (LV)	± 4.3%	36%		50%	2%	13%
FM3 Research (D)	May 14–18, 2020	601 (LV)	± 4.0%	44%		47%	–	9%
Mason-Dixon	February 4–6, 2020	625 (RV)	± 4.0%	42%		50%	–	8%
JMC Analytics	December 16–18, 2019	525 (LV)	± 4.3%	40%		47%	–	13%

With Jeff Sessions

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Doug Jones (D)	Jeff Sessions (R)	Other	Undecided
Auburn University at Montgomery	July 2–9, 2020	567 (RV)	± 5.1%	43%		49%	7%	1%
ALG Research (D)	June 18–22, 2020	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	43%		45%	3%	9%
Cygnal (R)	June 13–16, 2020	530 (LV)	± 4.3%	35%		45%	3%	18%
Mason-Dixon	February 4–6, 2020	625 (RV)	± 4.0%	41%		54%	–	5%
JMC Analytics	December 16–18, 2019	525 (LV)	± 4.3%	41%		46%	–	13%

With Bradley Byrne

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Doug Jones (D)	Bradley Byrne (R)	Undecided
AL Daily News/Mason-Dixon	February 4–6, 2020	625 (RV)	± 4.0%	42%		51%	7%
JMC Analytics	December 16–18, 2019	525 (LV)	± 4.3%	40%		44%	16%

With Arnold Mooney

With Roy Moore

With Generic Republican

With Generic Opponent

with Generic Democrat and Generic Republican

Results

County^[47]	Tommy Tuberville Republican		Doug Jones Democratic		Write-ins Various parties		Margin		Total votes
	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes
	Autauga		19,387		69.97%		8,277		29.87%	43	0.16%		11,110		40.10%	27,707
	Baldwin		80,200		73.34%		28,925		26.45%	225	0.21%		51,275		46.89%	109,350
	Barbour		5,449		52.00%		5,021		47.91%	9	0.09%		428		4.09%	10,479
	Bibb		7,320		76.40%		2,244		23.42%	17	0.18%		5,076		52.98%	9,581
	Blount		24,163		87.85%		3,290		11.96%	53	0.19%		20,873		75.89%	27,506
	Bullock		1,108		24.09%		3,490		75.87%	2	0.04%		-2,382		-51.78%	4,600
	Butler		5,232		55.45%		4,193		44.44%	11	0.12%		1,039		11.01%	9,436
	Calhoun		33,936		66.78%		16,808		33.07%	77	0.15%		17,128		33.71%	50,821
	Chambers		8,312		54.56%		6,908		45.35%	14	0.09%		1,404		9.21%	15,234
	Cherokee		10,122		82.62%		2,112		17.24%	17	0.14%		8,010		65.38%	12,251
	Chilton		15,708		81.69%		3,499		18.20%	22	0.11%		12,209		63.49%	19,229
	Choctaw		4,188		56.47%		3,225		43.49%	3	0.04%		963		12.98%	7,416
	Clarke		7,061		53.95%		6,017		45.98%	9	0.07%		1,044		7.97%	13,087
	Clay		5,454		79.01%		1,441		20.87%	8	0.12%		4,013		58.14%	6,903
	Cleburne		6,321		88.17%		843		11.76%	5	0.07%		5,478		76.41%	7,169
	Coffee		16,400		73.95%		5,753		25.94%	25	0.11%		10,647		48.01%	22,178
	Colbert		18,320		65.94%		9,408		33.86%	53	0.19%		8,912		32.08%	27,781
	Conecuh		3,294		51.50%		3,098		43.44%	4	0.06%		196		8.06%	6,396
	Coosa		3,559		65.10%		1,899		34.74%	9	0.16%		1,660		30.36%	5,467
	Covington		14,120		81.37%		3,214		18.52%	19	0.11%		10,906		62.85%	17,353
	Crenshaw		4,671		70.89%		1,910		28.99%	8	0.12%		2,761		41.90%	6,589
	Cullman		35,949		86.14%		5,693		13.64%	93	0.22%		30,256		72.50%	41,735
	Dale		13,653		69.51%		5,955		30.32%	33	0.17%		7,698		39.19%	19,641
	Dallas		5,298		29.74%		12,503		70.18%	15	0.08%		-7,205		-40.44%	17,816
	DeKalb		23,940		81.86%		5,253		17.96%	53	0.18%		18,687		63.90%	29,246
	Elmore		29,459		72.00%		11,399		27.86%	60	0.15%		18,060		44.14%	40,918
	Escambia		10,417		65.80%		5,400		34.11%	14	0.09%		5,017		31.69%	15,831
	Etowah		34,351		72.18%		13,145		27.62%	93	0.20%		21,206		44.56%	47,589
	Fayette		7,088		81.00%		1,651		18.87%	12	0.14%		5,437		62.13%	8,751
	Franklin		9,856		78.97%		2,605		20.87%	20	0.16%		7,251		58.10%	12,481
	Geneva		10,382		82.91%		2,122		16.95%	18	0.14%		8,260		65.96%	12,522
	Greene		816		17.07%		3,962		82.90%	1	0.02%		-3,146		-65.83%	4,779
	Hale		3,090		39.21%		4,786		60.74%	4	0.05%		-1,696		-21.53%	7,880
	Henry		6,399		68.95%		2,872		30.95%	9	0.10%		3,527		38.00%	9,280
	Houston		31,462		68.35%		14,494		31.49%	77	0.17%		16,968		36.86%	46,033
	Jackson		18,888		80.36%		4,587		19.52%	29	0.12%		14,301		60.84%	23,504
	Jefferson		134,314		41.26%		190,644		58.57%	552	0.17%		-56,330		-17.31%	325,510
	Lamar		6,088		85.00%		1,071		14.95%	3	0.04%		5,017		70.05%	7,162
	Lauderdale		30,071		68.29%		13,874		31.51%	88	0.20%		16,197		36.78%	44,033
	Lawrence		11,710		73.40%		4,211		26.39%	33	0.21%		7,499		47.01%	15,954
	Lee		41,154		57.76%		29,986		42.08%	114	0.16%		11,168		15.68%	71,254
	Limestone		33,364		68.04%		15,584		31.78%	90	0.18%		17,780		36.26%	49,038
	Lowndes		1,766		25.90%		5,051		74.07%	2	0.03%		-3,285		-48.17%	6,819
	Macon		1,481		16.99%		7,224		82.87%	12	0.14%		-5,743		-65.88%	8,717
	Madison		99,181		51.10%		94,458		48.67%	443	0.23%		4,723		2.43%	194,082
	Marengo		5,166		47.56%		5,687		52.36%	9	0.08%		-521		-4.80%	10,862
	Marion		11,897		86.46%		1,847		13.42%	16	0.12%		10,050		73.04%	13,760
	Marshall		32,086		81.22%		7,336		18.57%	83	0.21%		24,750		62.65%	39,505
	Mobile		96,320		52.73%		86,034		47.10%	315	0.17%		10,286		5.63%	182,669
	Monroe		5,906		55.50%		4,719		44.35%	16	0.15%		1,187		11.15%	10,641
	Montgomery		32,221		32.57%		66,592		67.31%	125	0.13%		-34,371		-34.74%	98,938
	Morgan		38,280		71.55%		15,108		28.24%	111	0.21%		23,172		43.31%	53,499
	Perry		1,274		24.42%		3,943		75.58%	0	0.00%		-2,669		-51.16%	5,217
	Pickens		5,439		56.40%		4,193		43.48%	11	0.11%		1,246		12.92%	9,643
	Pike		7,777		56.31%		6,020		43.59%	14	0.10%		1,757		12.72%	13,811
	Randolph		8,400		77.98%		2,362		21.93%	10	0.09%		6,038		56.05%	10,772
	Russell		9,383		44.14%		11,853		55.77%	19	0.09%		-2,470		-11.63%	21,255
	Shelby		77,836		67.87%		36,606		31.92%	236	0.21%		41,230		35.95%	114,678
	St. Clair		35,426		79.89%		8,844		19.94%	76	0.17%		26,582		59.95%	44,346
	Sumter		1,550		24.77%		4,705		75.18%	3	0.05%		-3,155		-50.41%	6,258
	Talladega		21,726		60.99%		13,855		38.89%	44	0.12%		7,871		22.10%	35,625
	Tallapoosa		14,668		70.04%		6,255		29.87%	20	0.10%		8,413		40.17%	20,943
	Tuscaloosa		49,347		54.87%		40,404		44.92%	190	0.21%		8,943		9.95%	89,941
	Walker		25,016		80.54%		5,978		19.25%	65	0.21%		19,038		61.29%	31,059
	Washington		6,162		69.98%		2,635		29.92%	9	0.10%		3,527		40.06%	8,806
	Wilcox		1,779		30.26%		4,095		69.65%	5	0.09%		-2,316		-39.39%	5,879
	Winston		9,915		88.29%		1,302		11.59%	13	0.12%		8,613		76.70%	11,230
Total	1,392,076	60.10%	920,478	39.74%	3,891	0.17%	471,598	20.36%	2,316,445

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Barbour (largest city: Eufaula)
• Butler (largest city: Greenville)
• Chambers (largest city: Valley)
• Choctaw (largest town: Butler)
• Clarke (largest city: Jackson)
• Conecuh (largest city: Evergreen)
• Lee (largest city: Auburn)
• Madison (largest city: Huntsville)
• Mobile (largest city: Mobile)
• Pickens (largest city: Aliceville)
• Talladega (largest city: Talladega)
• Tuscaloosa (largest city: Tuscaloosa)

By congressional district

Tuberville won 6 of 7 congressional districts.^[48]

District	Jones	Tuberville	Elected representative
		39%	61%		Jerry Carl
		38%	62%		Barry Moore
		36%	64%		Mike Rogers
		21%	79%		Robert Aderholt
		39%	60%		Mo Brooks
		35%	65%		Gary Palmer
		73%	27%		Terri Sewell

Analysis

The result was a landslide victory for Tuberville. Tuberville's 20-point margin of victory is largely attributed to the presence of Donald Trump on the ballot, and Jones' votes against Brett Kavanaugh, Amy Coney Barrett, as well as his vote to convict Donald Trump in his first impeachment trial. Jones was widely considered the most vulnerable senator in 2020, and his victory in 2017 was largely attributed to allegations of child molestation against his opponent. While Jones was able to receive more raw votes than he did in 2017, Tuberville received nearly double the number of votes Roy Moore did in 2017, largely due to the high Republican turnout. Jones did perform well in Jefferson County and Montgomery County, but still vastly underperformed his margins in 2017, while Tuberville easily won the rural areas, and successfully flipped many counties that went to Jones by significant margins.

In the 2017 election, Jones won several traditionally Republican counties while also driving up margins and turnout in traditionally Democratic counties: he added onto massive margins in Birmingham and Montgomery with narrow wins in the state's other, previously more conservative metropolitan areas, such as Huntsville, Mobile, Tuscaloosa and Auburn-Opelika, alongside several other small counties encircling the Black Belt.^[49] Jones' win, though attributable to a spike in Democratic turnout and a decline in Republican turnout, was primarily reliant on sexual misconduct allegations against Moore, resulting in several prominent Republicans rescinding their endorsements.^{[50] [51] [52]} With Tuberville lacking such controversies, the state swung hard into the Republican column in 2020,^[53] and he flipped 12 counties Jones won in 2017. Jones only won the 13 counties won by Joe Biden in the concurrent 2020 presidential election, and his victories in Jefferson County (Birmingham) and Montgomery County (Montgomery) were insufficient to overcome Tuberville's performance in the rest of the state.

Notes

Partisan clients and other notes

Voter samples

Further reading

• Web site: The Senate seats most likely to flip parties in November . Amber Phillips . October 9, 2020 . Washingtonpost.com.

External links

• Web site: Government Documents Round Table of the American Library Association . Voting & Elections Toolkits . Alabama.
• Web site: . Oakland, CA . Alabama: Election Tools, Deadlines, Dates, Rules, and Links.
• Web site: League of Women Voters of Alabama . (state affiliate of the U.S. League of Women Voters)

Official campaign websites

• Doug Jones (D) for Senate
• Tommy Tuberville (R) for Senate

Notes and References

1. Web site: US Elections Project – 2020g. 2022-11-14. www.electproject.org. en-US.
2. The other was in Michigan, where Senator Gary Peters was re-elected over Republican John James
3. News: Arkin . James . Democrats leave Doug Jones hanging as Senate map takes shape . Politico . May 22, 2020.
4. News: David Wright . Vulnerable Democratic senator gets first outside spending support in Alabama . September 19, 2020 . CNN . August 20, 2020.
5. News: Democrats leave Doug Jones hanging as Senate map takes shape . September 19, 2020. Everett. Burgess. Arkin. James. Politico. May 3, 2020 . en.
6. News: Panetta . Grace . Democratic Sen. Doug Jones faces a tough reelection fight against Tommy Tuberville in Alabama . September 19, 2020 . Business Insider . September 18, 2020.
7. Web site: Egan . Lauren . 2020-11-04 . Alabama Sen. Doug Jones loses to Tommy Tuberville, NBC News projects . 2023-08-11 . www.nbcnews.com . en.
8. Web site: United States Senate election in Alabama, 2020 (March 3 Democratic primary) . ballotpedia.org . January 13, 2020.
9. News: Candidates file 2020 papers as Alabama qualifying window closes . January 13, 2020 . WSFA 12 News . November 8, 2019.
10. Cohen. Zach. Zachary_Cohen. 1062472956608212992. November 13, 2018.
    1. ALsen Doug Jones (D) confirms he'll seek reelection in 2020. "Already off and running."
    . November 14, 2018.
11. News: Ross. Sean. State Rep. John Rogers not running for U.S. Senate, says Jones showing 'conservatism' but not racist. Yellowhammer News. August 21, 2019. August 22, 2019.
12. News: Alabama Senate race: Who could challenge Doug Jones in 2020?. AL.com. December 16, 2017. Gore. Leada. December 14, 2017.
13. News: Cason. Mike. Tommy Tuberville running for U.S. Senate. The Birmingham News. April 6, 2019. April 6, 2019.
14. News: Standing between Jeff Sessions and the Senate is a certain Donald Trump. James Arkin. Alex Isenstadt. Marianne Levine. November 7, 2019. Politico. November 7, 2019.
15. Web site: Adair says that GOP should be extremely concerned about losses in gubernatorial races in Louisiana and Kentucky. Moseley. Brandon. November 20, 2019. Alabama Political Reporter. December 5, 2019.
16. News: South Alabama Congressman Bradley Byrne announces run for US Senate in 2020. WPMI. February 20, 2019. February 20, 2019.
17. News: Clark. Dartunorro. Hillyard. Vaughn. Roy Moore, who lost Alabama Senate race after allegations of sexual misconduct, announces another run for the seat. NBC News. December 9, 2020. December 11, 2020.
18. Web site: EDITORIAL: Sessions' entry sets up wild GOP Senate race . The Gadsen Times . December 5, 2019 . November 12, 2019.
19. Web site: May 15, 2020 . Tuberville discusses the issues with APR . July 15, 2019 . Brandon . Moseley . Alabama Political Reporter.
20. Web site: Britt . Bill . Merrill suspends Senate campaign . Alabama Political Reporter . December 1, 2019 . December 1, 2019.
21. Web site: Jones, Byrne Lead in Fundraising Among Candidates in 2020 US Senate Race . May 15, 2020 . July 16, 2019 . Glenn . Stephens . WBHM.
22. Web site: The Green Papers: 2019 General Election. The Green Papers . May 15, 2020 . May 14, 2020 .
23. News: Howell . Ed . GOP sets Oct. 8 as start of qualifying . Daily Mountain Eagle . August 18, 2019 . August 18, 2019 . August 18, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190818153335/http://www.mountaineagle.com/stories/gop-sets-oct-8-as-start-of-qualifying,21614 . dead .
24. News: Ross. Sean. Ainsworth will not run for the U.S. Senate in 2020. Yellowhammer News. April 11, 2019. April 11, 2019.
25. News: Arkin. James. Brooks closes door on Alabama Senate race. Politico Pro. May 3, 2019. May 3, 2019. Rep. Mo Brooks (R-Ala.) shut the door on a potential Senate bid Friday morning in a local radio interview. "I will not be running for the U.S. Senate in 2020," Brooks said on WZRR-FM in Birmingham..
26. News: Rumors and Rumblings 2nd Ed. Vol. V . May 3, 2019 . Yellowhammer News . . May 3, 2019.
27. News: Little. Jim. Matt Gaetz says he's not running for Alabama Senate seat against Doug Jones. Pensacola News Journal. April 5, 2019. April 5, 2019.
28. News: Ross. Sean. Del Marsh not running for U.S. Senate in 2020. Yellowhammer News. April 22, 2019. April 22, 2019.
29. News: Bowman. Bridget. Alabama Republicans don't see Roy Moore redux as Senate primary kicks off. Roll Call. February 20, 2019. February 21, 2019. February 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190221040339/http://www.rollcall.com/news/campaigns/alabama-republicans-arent-stressing-roy-moore-redux-senate-primary-kicks-off. dead.
30. News: Ross. Sean. Miss America '95 'praying about' Alabama U.S. Senate bid. Yellowhammer News. March 21, 2019. March 21, 2019.
31. Web site: Former Miss America Heather Whitestone McCallum rules out Alabama 2020 U.S. Senate bid . Ross. Sean. Yellowhammer News . June 20, 2019.
32. News: The Alabama Republican Senate runoff is bad news for Jeff Sessions. Zhou. Li. March 4, 2020. Vox. March 11, 2020.
33. News: Alabama Senate runoff postponed until July. Arkin. James. March 18, 2020. Politico. March 18, 2020.
34. Web site: Alabama 2020 General Election. thegreenpapers.com.
35. Web site: Alabama - Senate. FEC . May 22, 2020 . Mar 31, 2020 .
36. Web site: August 29, 2020 . August 29, 2020 . 2020 Election Information . Alabama Secretary of State.
37. Web site: Marcus Jejaun Williams (Alabama). Ballotpedia . May 17, 2019 .
38. Web site: 2020 Senate Race Ratings for October 29, 2020 . The Cook Political Report . March 11, 2021.
39. Web site: 2020 Senate Ratings . Senate Ratings . The Rothenberg Political Report . March 11, 2021.
40. Web site: 2020 Senate race ratings . Sabato's Crystal Ball . March 12, 2021.
41. Web site: 2020 Senate Race Ratings . Daily Kos Elections. March 13, 2021.
42. Web site: 2020 Election Forecast. November 19, 2019 . Politico.
43. Web site: Battle for the Senate 2020. October 23, 2020 . RCP.
44. Web site: September 2, 2020 . 2020 Senate Elections Model. September 2, 2020 . Decision Desk HQ.
45. Web site: Silver . Nate . Forecasting the race for the Senate . . September 18, 2020 . September 18, 2020.
46. Web site: November 2, 2020 . Forecasting the US elections . March 13, 2021 . The Economist.
47. Web site: November 3, 2020. State of Alabama Canvass of Results General Election November 3, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210107025939/https://www.sos.alabama.gov/sites/default/files/election-2020/Final%20Canvass%20of%20Results-Merged.pdf. January 7, 2021. January 18, 2021. Alabama Secretary of State.
48. Web site: DRA 2020. Daves Redistricting. August 18, 2024.
49. News: Bloch. Matthew. Cohn. Nate. Katz. Josh. Lee. Jasmine. December 12, 2017. Alabama Election Results: Doug Jones Defeats Roy Moore in U.S. Senate Race. en-US. The New York Times. January 19, 2021. 0362-4331.
50. Ball. Molly. December 13, 2017. How Doug Jones Beat Roy Moore and Shocked the World. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171214091830/http://time.com/5062625/doug-jones-alabama-senate-results-upset/ . December 14, 2017 . January 19, 2021. Time.
51. Web site: November 14, 2017. Roy Moore losing GOP endorsements after new accusations. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211125123831/https://www.wthr.com/article/news/politics/roy-moore-losing-gop-endorsements-after-new-accusations/531-8d9677eb-cdc3-4045-9198-e98acf84c0e5 . November 25, 2021 . January 19, 2021. WTHR. en-US.
52. Web site: November 13, 2017. Associated Press. McConnell: Moore must quit. Senate GOP campaign chief: Expel him.. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171113181814/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/mcconnell-says-he-believes-roy-moore-accusers-calls-him-quit-n820266 . November 13, 2017 . January 19, 2021. NBC News. en.
53. Web site: Foran. Clare. November 3, 2020. Democrat Doug Jones loses Alabama Senate seat to Republican Tommy Tuberville. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201104033754/https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/03/politics/tommy-tuberville-wins-alabama-senate/index.html . November 4, 2020 . January 19, 2021. CNN.