2020 Formula One World Championship Explained

The 2020 FIA Formula One World Championship was the motor racing championship for Formula One cars which was the 71st running of the Formula One World Championship. It marked the 70th anniversary of the first Formula One World Drivers' Championship.[1] The championship was recognised by the governing body of international motorsport, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for open-wheel racing cars. Drivers and teams competed for the titles of World Drivers' Champion and World Constructors' Champion, respectively.

The championship was originally due to start in March,[2] but the start was postponed until July in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The season was originally due to be contested over a record of 22 Grands Prix, but as some races were cancelled and new races were added to replace them, a total of 17 races were run.[3] The season started in July with the [4] and ended in December with the .[3] Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the first eight rounds of the championship were run behind closed doors, with the rest of the races being run at a reduced capacity or also behind closed doors due to the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Lewis Hamilton and Mercedes entered the season as the reigning World Drivers' and World Constructors' champions, respectively, after they both won their sixth championship in 2019. At the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, Mercedes secured their seventh consecutive Constructors' Championship making them the only team to win seven consecutive championships, breaking Ferrari's record from to . Mercedes also maintained the distinction of being the only team to win the championship since the 2014 turbo-hybrid engine regulation changes were enacted. Hamilton equalled Michael Schumacher's record of seven World Drivers' Championships at the Turkish Grand Prix and broke Schumacher's previous record of 91 career wins at the .

Sebastian Vettel endured a difficult season with Ferrari, finishing thirteenth in the standings and amassing only 33 points with one podium finish (third in Turkey). This would also be his final season with Ferrari, as he would go on to join Aston Martin—the rebrand of Racing Point—for the 2021 season, where he would spend two seasons before retiring from F1 at the end of 2022 season.

Entries

The following teams and drivers competed in the 2020 World Championship.[5] All teams competed with tyres supplied by Pirelli.[6]

Entrant!scope="col" rowspan="2"
ConstructorChassisPower unitRace drivers
No. <-- As per the consensus established following the change in the number system, teams will now be arranged in the table ALPHABETICALLY by constructor, with the drivers in each team arranged NUMERICALLY. -->Driver nameRounds
data-sort-value="Alfa" Alfa Romeo Racing Orlen[7] Alfa Romeo Racing-FerrariC39Ferrari 0657
99		nowrap Kimi Räikkönen
Antonio Giovinazzi		All
All
data-sort-value="Scuderia Alp" Scuderia AlphaTauri HondaAlphaTauri-HondaAT01[8] nowrapHonda RA620H[9] 10
26		 Pierre Gasly
Daniil Kvyat		All
All
data-sort-value="Scuderia F" Scuderia FerrariFerrariSF1000[10] Ferrari 065[11] 5
16		 Sebastian Vettel
Charles Leclerc		All
All
data-sort-value="Haas" Haas F1 TeamHaas-FerrariVF-20[12] Ferrari 0658
51
20		 Romain Grosjean
Pietro Fittipaldi
Kevin Magnussen		1–15
16–17
All
data-sort-value="Mcla" McLaren F1 TeamMcLaren-RenaultMCL35[13] [14] 4
55		 Lando Norris
Carlos Sainz Jr.		All
All
nowrap data-sort-value="Mer" Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 TeamMercedesnowrapF1 W11[15] 44
63
77		 Lewis Hamilton
George Russell
Valtteri Bottas		1–15, 17
16
All
data-sort-value="BWT" BWT Racing Point F1 Team[16] Racing Point-BWT MercedesRP20[17] nowrap data-sort-value="m"BWT Mercedes11
27
18
27 <		-- See talkpage. Hülkenberg twice is the agreed way of presenting information. -->nowrap Sergio Pérez
Nico Hülkenberg
Lance Stroll
Nico Hülkenberg		1–4, 6–17
4–5
All
11 <		-- DO NOT CHANGE STROLL'S OR PEREZ'S ENTRIES (ROUNDS 4 and 11) OR CONDENSE HÜLKENBERG INTO A SINGLE ROW PER WP:F1 CONSENSUS. SEE TALK PAGE -->
data-sort-value="Ast" Aston Martin Red Bull RacingRed Bull Racing-HondaRB16[18] Honda RA620H23
33		 Alexander Albon
Max Verstappen		All
All
data-sort-value="Ren" Renault DP World F1 Team[19] RenaultR.S.20Renault E-Tech 20[20] 3
31		 Daniel Ricciardo
Esteban Ocon		All
All
data-sort-value="Wil" Williams Racing[21] Williams-MercedesFW43[22] 6
63
89		 Nicholas Latifi
George Russell
Jack Aitken		All
1–15, 17
16
Sources:[23] [24]

Free practice drivers

Across the season, four drivers drove as a test or third driver in free practice sessions. Jack Aitken and Roy Nissany both drove for Williams at one and three Grands Prix, respectively, Robert Kubica drove for Alfa Romeo Racing at five Grands Prix and Mick Schumacher drove for Haas at one Grand Prix.[24]

Schumacher and Callum Ilott were entered to appear in the first practice session for the, driving for Alfa Romeo Racing and Haas, respectively,[24] but the session was cancelled due to bad weather conditions.[25]

Constructor!scope="col"
No.DriverRounds
nowrap Alfa Romeo Racing-Ferrari88
37		Robert Kubica
Mick Schumacher		2–3, 5, 15, 17
11
Haas-Ferrari50
Mick Schumacher		11
17
Williams-Mercedes40Jack Aitken
Roy Nissany		2
6, 8, 15

Team changes

Red Bull GmbH, the parent company of Red Bull Racing and Scuderia Toro Rosso, renamed Toro Rosso as "Scuderia AlphaTauri". The team uses the constructor name "AlphaTauri".[23] The name is derived from Red Bull's AlphaTauri fashion brand.[26]

Driver changes

After a year's absence, Esteban Ocon returned to racing in Formula One after signing a contract with Renault, replacing Nico Hülkenberg.[27] Robert Kubica left Williams at the end of the 2019 championship and joined Alfa Romeo Racing as a reserve driver.[7] Nicholas Latifi, the 2019 Formula 2 Championship runner-up, replaced Kubica at Williams.[28] [29]

Mid-season changes

A day before the British Grand Prix weekend, Racing Point driver Sergio Pérez tested positive for COVID-19 and was ruled out of the race weekend.[30] After seeking clarification from Public Health England, Racing Point stated that they intended to let Pérez race in the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix pending a negative coronavirus test.[31] This re-test came back positive and so Pérez was also unable to take part in the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix. He was replaced for both races by Nico Hülkenberg, who had raced for the team's predecessor Force India in and from to, and last raced in Formula One at the 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.[32] [33] Pérez had a negative coronavirus test result the week preceding the Spanish Grand Prix weekend and he competed in the Grand Prix having been cleared by the FIA to return.[34] Pérez's Racing Point teammate Lance Stroll felt ill prior to the Eifel Grand Prix and tested positive for the coronavirus on the day of the race. Hülkenberg again raced for the team.[35]

After Romain Grosjean suffered burns to his hands following a crash at the Bahrain Grand Prix, Haas promoted test driver Pietro Fittipaldi to make his debut at the Sakhir Grand Prix.[36] Grosjean also missed the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix because of his recovery after the crash in Bahrain; Fittipaldi raced again for the team.[37] Lewis Hamilton tested positive for the coronavirus prior to the Sakhir Grand Prix and was forced to sit out.[38] [39] He was replaced by George Russell, with Jack Aitken replacing Russell at Williams.[40] [41] Hamilton returned to Mercedes for the season-ending Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, after testing negative for the coronavirus, with Russell returning to Williams.[42]

Calendar

Twenty-two Grands Prix were originally scheduled for the 2020 World Championship.[2] However, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in numerous race cancellations and postponements. A rescheduled calendar consisted of seventeen Grands Prix, nine from the original 2020 calendar and eight other Grands Prix, while the other thirteen original 2020 races were cancelled. This also meant that the season started with two races in Austria, and later on in the season there were also two races at Silverstone Circuit along with two races at Bahrain International Circuit. Each race is the minimum number of laps that exceeds a total distance of . Under the sporting regulations, a minimum of eight races must take place for the season to be considered a championship.[43]

Round!Grand Prix!Circuit!Date
1Austrian Grand Prix Red Bull Ring, Spielberg5 July
2Styrian Grand Prix12 July
3Hungarian Grand Prix Hungaroring, Mogyoród19 July
4British Grand Prix Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone2 August
570th Anniversary Grand Prix9 August
6Spanish Grand Prix Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, Montmeló16 August
7Belgian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="Sp" Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot30 August
8Italian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="Monz" Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza6 September
9Tuscan Grand Prix Autodromo Internazionale del Mugello, 13 September
10Russian Grand Prix Sochi Autodrom, Sochi27 September
11Eifel Grand Prix Nürburgring, Nürburg11 October
12Portuguese Grand Prix Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, Portimão25 October
13Emilia Romagna Grand Prix Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari, Imola1 November
14Turkish Grand Prix Istanbul Park, Tuzla15 November
15Bahrain Grand Prix Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir
16Sakhir Grand Prix6 December
17Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi
Sources:[44] [45] [46] [47]

Cancelled Grands Prix

The following rounds were included on the original calendar published by the World Motor Sport Council but were cancelled in response to the COVID-19 pandemic:

Grand PrixCircuitnowrapScheduled date
Australian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="Alb" Albert Park Circuit, Melbourne
nowrapVietnamese Grand Prix Hanoi Circuit, Hanoi
Chinese Grand Prixnowrap Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai
Dutch Grand Prix Circuit Zandvoort, Zandvoort
Monaco Grand Prix Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo
Azerbaijan Grand Prix Baku City Circuit, Baku
Canadian Grand Prix Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal
French Grand Prix Circuit Paul Ricard, Le Castellet
Singapore Grand Prixdata-sort-value="Ma" Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore
Japanese Grand Prix Suzuka International Racing Course, Suzuka
nowrap United States Grand Prix Circuit of the Americas, Austin, Texas
Mexico City Grand Prix
Brazilian Grand Prix Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo
Sources:[48] [49] [50] [51] [52] [53]

Changes from the 2019 calendar to the original 2020 calendar

After purchasing the commercial rights to the sport from CVC Capital Partners in January 2017, Liberty Media announced plans to expand the Formula One calendar using a concept they termed "destination races" and modelled on the Singapore Grand Prix.[54] Under the "destination races" model, Grands Prix would be established in or near key tourist destinations and integrate racing, entertainment and social functions with the aim of making the sport more accessible and appealing to a wider audience. Several countries and venues announced plans to bid for a Grand Prix,[55] [56] with two bids being successful:

Liberty Media initially expected that the 2020 calendar would consist of twenty-one Grands Prix and that any new races would come at the expense of existing events, but later negotiated an agreement with the teams to allow up to twenty-two Grands Prix. Several further changes were made between the 2019 and 2020 calendars, with the German Grand Prix discontinued and the Mexican Grand Prix planned to be rebranded as the Mexico City Grand Prix before it was cancelled.[63] [64]

Regulation changes

Sporting regulations

Teams were allowed to use an additional MGU-K compared to 2019 to compensate for the increased demands of contesting the originally planned twenty-two races.[65] [66]

Drivers who participated in free practice sessions were eligible for additional FIA Super Licence points. Any driver who completed a minimum during a free practice session received an additional Super Licence point on the condition that they do not commit a driving infraction. Drivers could only accrue ten Super Licence points across a three-season period from free practice sessions.[67] The rules around helmet designs were relaxed with drivers allowed to change their design as many times as they wanted between races, having previously been restricted to a base design and one permitted major design change (excluding minor alterations) since 2015.[68]

As a result of what was then planned to be an expanded calendar, the two pre-season tests which took place at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya were reduced in length from four days to three days each, whilst the two in-season tests that took place at Bahrain International Circuit and Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya in 2019 were discontinued. Teams were no longer allowed to hide their cars during testing.[69] The amount of time in which car mechanics were prohibited from working on the car was extended from eight to nine hours.[66]

The rules surrounding jump starts and the weighbridge were relaxed with the race stewards able to hand out less severe punishments for missing the weighbridge and jump starts.[66]

Technical regulations

In order to reduce the risk of punctures, the last of the front wing could no longer contain any metal. Brake ducts could no longer be outsourced and must be made and designed by the team. The amount of fuel that could be outside of the fuel tank was reduced from 2l to 250ml. A decrease in electronic driver aids meant that drivers were responsible for managing more of the car's torque during race starts.[66]

Mid-season changes

From the Italian Grand Prix, drivers were only allowed to run one engine mode from the start of qualifying to the end of the race.[70] However, drivers were still allowed to use electrical power for the powertrain throughout the race weekend.[71]

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

See also: COVID-19 pandemic and Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on motorsport.

Initial response

The season was heavily disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with an announcement prior to the start of the championship that the Chinese Grand Prix would be postponed due to the early COVID-19 outbreak in the country.[50]

Italian-based teams Ferrari and AlphaTauri expressed concern about the spread of the disease and its effect on the championship.[72] [73] As Italy suffered one of the worst outbreaks of the virus, both teams were concerned about the ability of their staff to leave the quarantine zone established in northern Italy and to enter host nations. Pre-season testing in Barcelona proceeded as planned, with all teams and drivers completing the six days of testing.[74]

Ross Brawn, the managing director of the sport, announced that Grands Prix would not go ahead if a team were blocked from entering a host nation, but that events could go ahead if a team voluntarily chose not to enter a host nation.[75] In early March, organisers of the Bahrain Grand Prix stated that the event would be "participants-only" and that no spectators would be allowed.[76]

Race postponements and cancellations

The season-opening Australian Grand Prix was expected to go ahead and all teams and drivers arrived at the venue as planned. Three days before the race was due to take place, McLaren announced their withdrawal from the event after a team member tested positive for the virus.[77] This led to the Grand Prix being cancelled altogether the following morning.[78] Later that day, it was announced that the Bahrain Grand Prix would be postponed rather than closed to spectators, as would the inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix.[49]

Formula One and the FIA released a joint statement saying that they "expect to begin the Championship in Europe at the end of May" but that this timeline "will be regularly reviewed".[79] On 19 March, the FIA announced that the Dutch, Spanish and Monaco Grands Prix had all been postponed indefinitely due to the pandemic. In the statement, the FIA said they now expect to begin the season "as soon as it is safe to do so after May" and that the situation would continue to be monitored.[80] The organisers of the Monaco race, Automobile Club de Monaco, clarified that the race had been cancelled. This meant that Formula One would not race in Monaco for the first time since .[81] Four days later, organisers of the Azerbaijan Grand Prix announced that the race had been postponed.[82]

In early April, organisers of the Canadian Grand Prix announced the race's postponement.[52] Later in the month, the French Grand Prix organisers confirmed that the race would not be held in 2020,[53] and the managing director of Silverstone Circuit stated that should the British Grand Prix go ahead, it would be without spectators.[83] In May, organisers of the Hungarian Grand Prix announced that their race would use the same model.[84] The sport's plans to resume competition called for a ban on team motorhomes and a rigid testing regime to stop any outbreak of the virus.[85]

The Dutch Grand Prix was cancelled entirely in late May, with organisers of the event stating that they would prefer to host the revived race with spectators in attendance in 2021 rather than without spectators in 2020.[86] Formula One confirmed the cancellation of the Azerbaijan, Singapore and Japanese Grands Prix in June.[87] Organisers of the Azerbaijan and Singapore races cited the difficulty of assembling the infrastructure required for a street circuit as the reason for their cancellation, while the Japanese Grand Prix was cancelled because of the Japanese government's travel restrictions. In July the Brazilian, Canadian, Mexico City and United States Grands Prix were formally cancelled amidst rising virus cases and travel restrictions in the Americas.[88] However, organisers of the Brazilian Grand Prix disputed the claims of Formula One Management and were unhappy with their race being cancelled without further consultation.[89] In August the cancellation of the Chinese Grand Prix was announced,[90] followed, in October, by the cancellation of the inaugural Vietnamese Grand Prix.[59]

The annual summer break, where factories shut down for two weeks, was brought forward from August to March and April. Teams nominated a three-week period to close with the aim of making room for races later in the year.[91] At the end of March, it was announced that for the first time the factory shut-down would additionally apply to power unit manufacturers.[92] [93] The factory shut-down period was later extended to a total of nine weeks for competitors and seven weeks for power unit manufacturers.[94] [95]

Rescheduled calendar

In March, teams agreed that the 2020 Championship could run into early 2021 to ensure the running of as many races as possible. Such a move would also ensure that eight Grands Prix could be held, over three different continents, thereby meeting the minimum number of races needed for the season to qualify as a World Championship.[96] [97] [98]

In early April, Ross Brawn suggested that a rescheduled calendar of 18 or 19 races would be possible should racing begin in July, and that the opening round "is most likely to be in Europe", potentially without spectators.[99] He also raised the possibility of Grand Prix events being reduced to two days in order to ease pressure on logistical operations.[99] However, Alfa Romeo Racing managing director Frédéric Vasseur cautioned that a condensed calendar could escalate the costs of competing and put smaller teams at risk of financial collapse.[100] This was reiterated by other teams, who pointed out that the race sanctioning fees paid by event organisers contributed to the prize money awarded to all teams at the end of the year. This money is awarded proportionally based on the teams' World Constructors' Championship positions and forms a significant part of a team's budget for the upcoming year. With fewer races and the prize structure remaining fixed, teams were concerned that they would suffer a significant financial loss.[101]

In a statement in late April, Formula One CEO Chase Carey declared the intention to begin the season on 5 July and a target to hold between 15 and 18 races overall.[102] In June, the first eight races of a rescheduled calendar were confirmed, with the season expected to begin on 5 July with the Austrian Grand Prix. This revised calendar included two newly named one-off events—both second races at the Red Bull Ring and Silverstone—known as the Styrian and the 70th Anniversary Grands Prix, respectively.[44] Ross Brawn announced that the eight-round calendar was expected to grow and that the sport was considering races at venues that were not on the original calendar or using multiple configurations of existing circuits to achieve the goal of fifteen Grands Prix.[103]

On 10 July, the Russian Grand Prix was re-added to the calendar on its originally scheduled date, and the first Tuscan Grand Prix was announced at the Mugello Circuit, the first time the circuit would host a Formula One World Championship race.[104] Later in July, the return of the Nürburgring and the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola to the calendar was revealed, along with the debut of the Algarve International Circuit. These races were named the Eifel and Emilia Romagna Grands Prix, respectively, with the return of the Portuguese Grand Prix for the first time since the season. The Emilia Romagna Grand Prix took place over a shortened two-day weekend, with a single 90 minute practice session taking place on Saturday morning.[105] [106] This marks the first race at the Nürburgring since and at Imola since, and also the first time that a country (Italy), hosts three Grands Prix since the season.[107]

In August, it was announced that Formula One would return to Istanbul Park for the first Turkish Grand Prix since the season, together with the debut of the Sakhir Grand Prix, to be held at the Bahrain International Circuit, using the configuration of the track called "Outer Circuit". They join the rescheduled Bahrain and Abu Dhabi Grands Prix as the final four races of the season, bringing the calendar to seventeen races.[108] [109]

Of the races and dates on the original calendar, only four races, the Austrian, Belgian, Italian and Russian Grands Prix kept their original dates.

Regulatory changes

The pandemic required changes to the format of a race weekend, which included abandoning the drivers' parade and pre-race assembly for the host venue's national anthem. A modified podium ceremony was planned for after races.[110] The FIA introduced limits to the number of team personnel who could be on the starting grid to prepare cars and changed the cut-off times for cars to leave pit lane to minimise the amount of time team personnel spent on the grid.[111] Tyre supplier Pirelli was also required to provide an identical allocation of tyre compounds to all teams and drivers. Where Pirelli were previously required to announce compounds for a race several weeks in advance, this window was reduced to two weeks, allowing them to respond to anticipated changes to the calendar.[111]

Solidarity campaign

In June, Formula One launched the We Race As One initiative to fight racism, global inequity and the impact of COVID-19. The initiative used a rainbow logo, with the colours of all ten Formula One teams, also with the #WeRaceAsOne hashtag, and featured prominent We Race As One branding on vehicles (including the safety car) and signage on track. Formula One and several teams launched projects or fundraising efforts in support of the initiative.[112] [113]

Protests against car legality

Mercedes

Ahead of the season opening Austrian Grand Prix, Red Bull launched a protest against the Mercedes F1 W11's dual axis steering, a system where the driver can adjust the toe of the car by pulling and pushing on the steering wheel. The system was found to be legal for 2020, but it would be banned by the FIA from 2021 onward.[114]

Racing Point

After the Styrian Grand Prix, Renault launched a protest against the brake ducts of Racing Point's car, the RP20, alleging that Racing Point had copied the brake ducts from the Mercedes F1 W10, the car used in 2019 by Mercedes. Similar protests would be launched after the Hungarian and British Grands Prix with the verdict being published between the British and 70th Anniversary Grands Prix. The ruling concluded that Racing Point had illegally copied the brake ducts of the Mercedes F1 W10 and Racing Point were subsequently penalised by 15 Constructors' Championship points and fined .[115]

Racing Point, Ferrari, McLaren, Renault and Williams had all indicated an intention to appeal the stewards decision with Racing Point trying to clear their name and Ferrari, McLaren, Williams and Renault appealing for a tougher sanction.[116] Ferrari, Renault and Racing Point confirmed their appeal, while Williams and McLaren pulled out of the appeal.[117] [118] Later, Renault announced their decision to withdraw the appeal against the penalty handed out to Racing Point.[119] The same decision was made by Racing Point and Ferrari before and after the Italian Grand Prix, respectively.[120] [121]

Season summary

Spielberg, Mogyoród, Silverstone, and Montmeló

The delayed season started with five races at three venues.

The first pair of races took place at Red Bull Ring in Spielberg. In the Austrian Grand Prix, Valtteri Bottas, driving for Mercedes, took pole position, ahead of his teammate Lewis Hamilton and Red Bull's Max Verstappen; however, Hamilton was given a three-place grid penalty, since he did not slow sufficiently when yellow flags were waved following a small mistake by Bottas. This promoted Verstappen to second, McLaren driver Lando Norris to third, and Alexander Albon to fourth. In an eventful race, featuring three safety car periods and the retirements of nine drivers, Bottas won, ahead of the Ferrari of Charles Leclerc and Norris. Hamilton crossed the line in second place, but received a five-second time penalty after a collision with Albon, who soon retired; after the penalty was applied, Hamilton finished fourth, ahead of Carlos Sainz Jr., Sergio Pérez and Pierre Gasly.[122]

The temporary format for some rounds featured consecutive races in consecutive weeks at the same venue. This was the case when the series stayed in Spielberg for the Styrian Grand Prix, named for the state where the circuit is located, which was won by Hamilton ahead of Bottas and Verstappen.[123]

The Hungaroring in Mogyoród fielded the first single race meeting of the year, the Hungarian Grand Prix, which started with a slippery track. Verstappen slid into the barrier on his way to the grid and broke his steering axis, but his mechanics managed to repair the car before the race start. The race winner was Hamilton, with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third place.[124]

The next stop was Silverstone, which as another two-in-two format where Hamilton won the first race, the British Grand Prix, despite his left-front tyre delaminating in the middle of the last lap. Verstappen finished second with Leclerc in third.[125] Bottas had a puncture which resulted in him finishing in eleventh. Daniil Kvyat had a puncture at high speed entering Maggotts corner which resulted in a big crash with a safety car, and Sainz Jr. finished 13th after a puncture made him fall from what would have been 4th place. In the second race at Silverstone the next week, the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix, Verstappen won with Hamilton second and Bottas third. This was the first non-Mercedes win of the season.[126]

Formula One then concluded the first part of the season with a single race at Montmeló. The Spanish Grand Prix was won by Hamilton with Verstappen in second and Bottas in third.[127]

Spa, Monza, Mugello, Sochi, Núrburgring, Portimão

The next six races were single rounds at each venue, including two new circuits and a returning circuit. The Belgian Grand Prix was won by Lewis Hamilton, who led every lap and won by 8 seconds over teammate Valtteri Bottas who finished second ahead of Max Verstappen. Daniel Ricciardo finished fourth, setting the fastest lap on the last lap. On lap 11, Antonio Giovinazzi crashed at Campus corner; one of the wheels of his car came loose and hit the front right suspension of George Russell’s car, causing both drivers to retire from the race. This brought out the safety car for three laps. Renault achieved a finish of P4 and P5, equalling their best result since their return to the sport in 2016.[128]

The Italian Grand Prix was won by Pierre Gasly after a red flag caused by Charles Leclerc. This was his and AlphaTauri's first race victory. The race marked the first time since Kimi Räikkönen won the 2013 Australian Grand Prix driving for Lotus F1 that the race winner did not drive for Ferrari, Mercedes, or Red Bull and the first time since the 2012 Hungarian Grand Prix that all three constructors failed to score a podium finish. The race marked the second career podium finishes for Carlos Sainz Jr., who finished second, and Lance Stroll, who finished third.[129]

The inaugural Tuscan Grand Prix, Ferrari's 1000th Grand Prix start, resulted in Hamilton's sixth race win of the season, and Mercedes's third 1–2 finish. Bottas overtook Hamilton into turn one before a major collision at turn two caused the retirement of both Verstappen (who had fallen from 3rd to 14th due to a power issue) and Gasly. This brought out the safety car for 8 laps to allow for the debris to be cleared. At the end of the safety car period, a major misunderstanding in the upper midfield led to a large collision down the pit straight, causing the retirement of Nicholas Latifi, Kevin Magnussen, Giovinazzi and Sainz Jr., and a red flag period. At the first restart, Hamilton overtook Bottas and led the race from there onwards. On lap 42, Ricciardo looked poised for his first podium since the 2018 Monaco Grand Prix when Stroll's Racing Point spun off the track due to a puncture, causing the second red flag of the race. This was the first time since the 2016 Brazilian Grand Prix that there were two red flag periods in one race. At the second restart, Hamilton maintained his lead to win the race. Red Bull's Alexander Albon overtook Ricciardo in the closing laps, earning his first ever podium and the first podium for a Thai driver in Formula One.[130]

At the Russian Grand Prix, Hamilton started on pole, but two separate five-second penalties for practice starts outside the designated area meant he finished third; teammate Bottas won the Grand Prix with Verstappen in second.[131]

For the first time since 2013, Formula One returned to the Nürburgring GP-Strecke with the Eifel Grand Prix. Five cars retired in the forms of Russell, Esteban Ocon, Albon, Lando Norris and Bottas, who had started from pole. Hamilton took first place after Bottas locked up into turn 1 on lap 13. Hamilton would go on to win the race, his 7th win this season. Ricciardo claimed his first podium for Renault, finishing the race in third. The race also saw Räikkönen pass the record for most race starts.[132]

At the Portuguese Grand Prix, the first in Portimão, Hamilton took his 92nd win, taking the record for most wins that had been held by Michael Schumacher. Bottas would finish second in the race, twenty-five seconds behind his teammate, with Verstappen finishing third.[133]

Imola, Istanbul, Salyut, and Yas

Formula One returned to the Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari for the 27th time, the first since 2006 with the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, where Lewis Hamilton won from Valtteri Bottas and Daniel Ricciardo who picked up his second podium of the season. Max Verstappen had a puncture from second, putting him out of the race. Mercedes won their seventh consecutive Constructor World Championship.[134]

The Turkish Grand Prix saw Hamilton claim his seventh world title with a race win,[135] equalling Michael Schumacher's record for the most Formula One world titles. He finished on the podium with Sergio Pérez and Sebastian Vettel, whilst in qualifying, Lance Stroll claimed his maiden pole position in rainy conditions.[136]

The final two-in-two took placed in Sakhir. At the Bahrain Grand Prix, Hamilton claimed his 11th win of the year, followed by Verstappen and Alexander Albon in second and third. The race was marred by a serious accident involving Haas driver Romain Grosjean, who hit a barrier at the start of the race after making contact with the AlphaTauri of Daniil Kvyat. Grosjean's car broke in two and burst into flames as it split the barrier. Numerous safety features allowed him to escape the crash[137] with only burns to the hands, though they would prove severe enough to exclude him from the remainder of the season, it would be Grosjean's final race with Haas after over 9 years in Formula One.[138] [139] Pérez surrendered third place after an engine failure, putting him out of the race, whilst teammate Stroll flipped at the restart after contact with Kvyat.[140]

The second part of the double was run on the outer circuit. Hamilton was ruled out of the Sakhir Grand Prix after testing positive for the coronavirus and was replaced by Williams' George Russell. Russell impressed by taking the lead from new teammate and pole-sitter Bottas and led for 59 laps, before being taken out of contention by first a tyre mix-up by Mercedes and then a late-race puncture, eventually finishing 9th. Despite being dropped to last position through a lap 1 collision with Leclerc and Verstappen, Pérez took his first race victory, followed by Esteban Ocon taking his first podium finish in 2nd and Stroll finishing 3rd.[141] With his win, Pérez took the record for the most race starts before a first victory, with 190 race starts, beating Mark Webber's record of 130 starts before his win at the 2009 German Grand Prix.[142]

At the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Hamilton returned for the last race of the season after testing negative for the coronavirus. Verstappen took the pole position and his 10th win in Formula One ahead of Bottas and Hamilton, who finished second and third, respectively. This race was the last for Vettel at Ferrari, after six years, and Pérez at Racing Point, after two years at Racing Point and five at their indirect predecessor, Force India.[143] Ferrari finished sixth in the World Constructors' Championship, their worst championship result since 1980 when they finished tenth.[144]

Results and standings

Grands Prix

RoundGrand PrixPole positionFastest lapWinning drivernowrapWinning constructor
1 Austrian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="NOR" Lando Norrisdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
2data-sort-value="sty" Styrian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Nowrap Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="SAI" Carlos Sainz Jr.data-sort-value="HAM" Nowrap Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
3 Hungarian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
4data-sort-value="bri" British Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="VER" Nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
5nowrap data-sort-value="70t" 70th Anniversary Grand Prixdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="VER" nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="RED" nowrap Red Bull Racing-HondaReport
6data-sort-value="spa" Spanish Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
7 Belgian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" nowrap Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="RIC" nowrap Daniel Ricciardodata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
8 Italian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" nowrap Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="GAS" Pierre Gaslydata-sort-value="ALP" AlphaTauri-HondaReport
9data-sort-value="tus" Tuscan Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
10 Russian Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
11data-sort-value="eif" Eifel Grand Prixdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="VER" nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
12 Portuguese Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
13data-sort-value="emi" Emilia Romagna Grand Prixdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
14 Turkish Grand Prixdata-sort-value="STR" Lance Strolldata-sort-value="NOR" Lando Norrisdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
15data-sort-value="bah" Bahrain Grand Prixdata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="VER" nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="HAM" Lewis Hamiltondata-sort-value="MER" MercedesReport
16data-sort-value="sak" Sakhir Grand Prixdata-sort-value="BOT" Valtteri Bottasdata-sort-value="RUS" George Russelldata-sort-value="PER" Sergio Péreznowrap data-sort-value="RAC" Racing Point-BWT MercedesReport
17data-sort-value="abu" Abu Dhabi Grand Prixdata-sort-value="VER" nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="RIC" nowrap Daniel Ricciardodata-sort-value="VER" nowrap Max Verstappendata-sort-value="RED" nowrap Red Bull Racing-HondaReport
Source:[145]

Scoring system

Points were awarded to the top ten classified drivers and the driver who set the fastest lap. The driver with the fastest lap had to be within the top 10 to receive the point. In the case of a tie on points a countback system was used where the driver with the best results is ranked higher, if the best result was identical then the next best result was considered. The points were awarded for every race using the following system:[146]

World Drivers' Championship standings

DriverAUT
STY
HUN
GBR
70A
ESP
BEL
ITA
TUS
RUS
EIF
POR
EMI
TUR
BHR
SKH
ABU
Points
1 Lewis Hamilton
2 Valtteri Bottas
3 Max Verstappen
4 Sergio Pérez
5 Daniel Ricciardo
6 Carlos Sainz Jr.
7 Alexander Albon
8 Charles Leclerc
9 Lando Norris
10 Pierre Gasly
11 Lance Stroll
12 Esteban Ocon
13 Sebastian Vettel
14 Daniil Kvyat
15 Nico Hülkenberg
16 Kimi Räikkönen
17 Antonio Giovinazzi
18 George Russell
19 Romain Grosjean
20 Kevin Magnussen
21 Nicholas Latifi
22 Jack Aitken
23 Pietro Fittipaldi
DriverAUT
STY
HUN
GBR
70A
ESP
BEL
ITA
TUS
RUS
EIF
POR
EMI
TUR
BHR
SKH
ABU
Points
Source:[147]
Notes:

World Constructors' Championship standings

ConstructorAUT
STY
HUN
GBR
70A
ESP
BEL
ITA
TUS
RUS
EIF
POR
EMI
TUR
BHR
SKH
ABU
Points
1 Mercedes
2 Red Bull Racing-Honda
3 McLaren-Renault
4 Racing Point-BWT Mercedes
5 Renault
6 Ferrari
7
8 Alfa Romeo Racing-Ferrari
9 Haas-Ferrari
10 Williams-Mercedes0
ConstructorAUT
STY
HUN
GBR
70A
ESP
BEL
ITA
TUS
RUS
EIF
POR
EMI
TUR
BHR
SKH
ABU
Points
Source:
Notes:

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Formula 1 marks 70th anniversary with special 2020 logo designs. Delaney. Michael. 2 January 2020. F1i.com. 12 March 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200219211902/https://f1i.com/news/365284-f1-marks-70th-anniversary-with-special-2020-logo-designs.html. 19 February 2020. live.
  2. Web site: Diary dates: The 2020 F1 calendar, pre-season testing details and F1 car launch schedule. 12 December 2019. F1i.com. 3 June 2020. 27 May 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200527080121/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.diary-dates-the-2020-f1-calendar-pre-season-testing-details-and-f1-car.OVjDBOcx61q0HtYFZq7hH.html. live.
  3. Web site: Formula 1 to return to Turkey as four more races are added to the 2020 F1 calendar. formula1.com. 25 August 2020. 1 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200901155415/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-to-return-to-turkey-istanbul-park-as-four-more-races-added-to-F1-calendar.2cVIVl0QDr4OiZa7rPt7Zg.html. live.
  4. News: Hamilton dominates practice as F1 returns . BBC Sport . 4 July 2020 . 3 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200703182442/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/53282619 . live.
  5. Web site: 2020 FIA Formula One World Championship Entry list. 28 January 2021. 24 February 2022. 24 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200224113048/https://www.fia.com/events/fia-formula-one-world-championship/season-2020/2020-fia-formula-one-world-championship-entry. live.
  6. News: Pirelli to remain F1 tyre supplier until 2023. Mat. Coch. speedcafe.com. Speedcafe. 26 November 2018. 10 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190821215821/https://www.speedcafe.com/2018/11/26/pirelli-to-remain-f1-tyre-supplier-until-2023/. 21 August 2019. live.
  7. Web site: Alfa Romeo F1 team rebranded as Kubica joins in reserve role. Khorounzhiy. Valentin. 1 January 2020. motorsport.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200101120120/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alfa-romeo-kubica-orlen-reserve/4617950/. 1 January 2020. 1 January 2020.
  8. Web site: Scuderia AlphaTauri reveals new Formula One car. Red Bull Content Pool. 11 February 2020. Red Bull. 11 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200211140430/https://www.redbullcontentpool.com/motorsports/AP-232XFSD5W2111. 11 February 2020. live.
  9. Web site: Hear the 2020 Honda power unit fire up. GPToday.net. 14 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200215000020/https://www.gptoday.net/en/news/f1/253992/hear-the-2020-honda-power-unit-fire-up. 15 February 2020. live.
  10. Web site: Gallery: Ferrari SF1000 launch: Ferrari unveil their 2020 F1 car. 11 February 2020 . F1 . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200216160153/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.vettel-and-leclerc-reveal-ferraris-2020-f1-car-the-sf1000.XQ64BRkNj4fo1jHG0V7on.html. 16 February 2020. 11 February 2020.
  11. Web site: SF1000 Launched in Reggio Emilia. ferrari.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20200213074447/https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/articles/welcome-to-the-new-sf1000. 13 February 2020. 11 February 2020. 13 February 2020.
  12. News: Haas to reveal 2020 F1 car on first morning of testing. F1. 28 January 2020. 28 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200128201503/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.haas-to-reveal-2020-f1-car-on-morning-of-testing.70wEyEoQwu2HzGdbgFIgaC.html. 28 January 2020. live.
  13. Web site: McLaren set for 'decent step' with 2020 design – Seidl. van Osten. Phillip. 18 October 2019. F1i.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20191114220431/https://f1i.com/news/358596-mclaren-set-for-decent-step-with-2020-design-seidl.html. 14 November 2019. 18 November 2019.
  14. Web site: McLaren MCL35 technical specification. 12 February 2020. mclaren.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20200213080414/https://www.mclaren.com/racing/2020/car-launch/mclaren-mcl35-technical-specification/. 13 February 2020. 13 February 2020. live.
  15. Web site: New Mercedes W11 Hits the Track For the First Time!. mercedesamgf1.com. 14 February 2020. 14 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200216111529/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/2020-f1-launch/f1-mercedes-2020-shakedown-welcome-w11/. 16 February 2020. live.
  16. Web site: Racing Point debuts 2020 livery, names BWT as title sponsor . motorsport.com . 17 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200217145302/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/racing-point-2020-livery-launched-bwt/4687019/. 17 February 2020. live.
  17. Web site: Formula 1 – Racing Point to launch on February 17th. 22 January 2020. FormulaSpy. 8 February 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200123044057/https://formulaspy.com/f1/racing-point-to-launch-on-february-17th-67110. 23 January 2020. live.
  18. Web site: Red Bull ahead of schedule with 'great concept' for 2020. 19 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191219152632/https://www.motorsportweek.com/news/id/25663. 19 December 2019. live.
  19. Web site: Renault unveils 2020 race livery in Albert Park. Coch. Mat. 11 March 2020. Speedcafe. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200322142533/https://www.speedcafe.com/2020/03/11/renault-unveils-2020-race-livery-in-albert-park/. 22 March 2020. 11 March 2020.
  20. Web site: Formula 1 – Car. 13 February 2020. renaultsport.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164742/https://www.renaultsport.com/-formula-1-car-.html#techspecs-engine-modale. 2 March 2018. live.
  21. Web site: Williams could sell F1 team as board announces GBP13m loss in 2019 and split from title sponsor . F1 . Formula One World Championship Limited . 29 May 2020 . 29 May 2020 . 30 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200530030337/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.williams-could-sell-f1-team-as-board-announces-gbp13m-loss-in-2019-and-split.455wGjds3WOQf7gdSuqJRf.html . live .
  22. Web site: ROKiT Williams Racing Announces New Partnership with Lavazza . Williams Racing . 8 January 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200113065621/https://www.williamsf1.com/racing/news/2020/01/rokit-williams-racing-announces-new-partnership-with-lavazza. 13 January 2020. live.
  23. News: 2020 FIA Formula One World Championship – Entry List . 19 February 2020 . . 19 February 2020 . 17 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200217142410/https://www.fia.com/events/fia-formula-one-world-championship/season-2020/entry-list-2020 . live .
  24. Official entry lists:
    • Web site: 2020 Austrian Grand Prix – Entry List . 2 July 2020 . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716164205/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Austrian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . 16 July 2020 . 2 July 2020 .
    • Web site: 2020 Styrian Grand Prix – Entry List . 9 July 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719202841/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Styrian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . 19 July 2020 . 9 July 2020 .
    • Web site: 2020 Hungarian Grand Prix – Entry List . 16 July 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 16 July 2020 . 16 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716164453/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Hungarian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 British Grand Prix – Entry List . 30 July 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807201218/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20British%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . 7 August 2020 . 30 July 2020 .
    • Web site: 2020 British Grand Prix – Revised Entry List . 31 July 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200807201249/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20British%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Revised%20Entry%20List.pdf . 7 August 2020 . 31 July 2020 .
    • Web site: 70th Anniversary Grand Prix – Entry List . 6 August 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 6 August 2020 . 13 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913030042/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/70TH%20Anniversary%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Spanish Grand Prix – Entry List . 13 August 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 13 August 2020 . 13 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913031940/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Spanish%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Belgian Grand Prix – Entry List . 27 August 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 27 August 2020 . 13 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913024658/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Belgian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Italian Grand Prix – Entry List . 3 September 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 3 September 2020 . 13 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913033450/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Italian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Tuscan Grand Prix – Entry List . 10 September 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 10 September 2020 . 13 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200913035924/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Tuscan%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Russian Grand Prix – Entry List . 24 September 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 24 September 2020 . 27 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027033539/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Russian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Eifel Grand Prix – Entry List . 8 October 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 8 October 2020 . 26 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160017/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Eifel%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Eifel Grand Prix – Decision – Driver change request car 18 . 10 October 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 10 October 2020 . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204194156/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Eifel%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Decision%20-%20Driver%20change%20request%20car%2018.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Portuguese Grand Prix – Entry List . 22 October 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 22 October 2020 . 26 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201026174828/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Portuguese%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix – Entry List . 30 October 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 30 October 2020 . 2 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201102214447/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Emilia%20Romagna%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Turkish Grand Prix – Entry List . 12 November 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 12 November 2020 . 17 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201117064055/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Turkish%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Bahrain Grand Prix – Entry List . 26 November 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 26 November 2020 . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204201342/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Bahrain%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix – Entry List . 3 December 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 3 December 2020 . 3 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192938/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Sakhir%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
    • Web site: 2020 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix – Entry List . 10 December 2020 . Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile . 10 December 2020 . 3 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210703165211/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2020%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf . live .
  25. Web site: Bad weather at the Nurburgring prevents any running in first practice for the Eifel Grand Prix. 9 October 2020. 9 October 2020. F1. 11 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210111062009/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.bad-weather-at-the-nurburgring-prevents-any-running-in-first-practice-for.5HhZ8X5TxXWDJ148LI8lR3.html. live.
  26. News: Toro Rosso's name change approved for 2020 Formula 1 season. Scott. Mitchell. Autosport.com. Motorsport Network. 16 October 2019. 16 October 2019. limited. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016120054/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/146617/toro-rosso-name-change-for-2020-approved. 16 October 2019. live.
  27. Web site: Esteban Ocon joins Renault F1 Team. 29 August 2019. 29 August 2019. renaultsport.com. Renault Sport. https://web.archive.org/web/20190829121216/https://www.renaultsport.com/esteban-ocon-joins-renault-f1-team.html. 29 August 2019. live.
  28. Web site: Latifi to Williams for 2020: F2 racer replaces Kubica. 28 November 2019. F1. 28 November 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191128091835/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.latifi-to-williams-for-2020-f2-racer-replaces-kubica.3GkU6EaImKmzKt6qZU0eiF.html. 28 November 2019. live.
  29. News: Robert Kubica announces Williams exit after F1 2019 season. Cooper. Adam. 19 September 2019. Autosport.com. 19 September 2019. limited. https://web.archive.org/web/20190919194502/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/146094/kubica-announces-williams-exit-after-2019. 19 September 2019.
  30. Web site: Sergio Perez ruled out of British Grand Prix after testing positive for Covid-19. 30 July 2020. F1. 30 July 2020. 30 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200730191519/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-perez-ruled-out-of-british-grand-prix-after-testing-positive-for.4MLhBq01mPizIDrg3jrWXJ.html. live.
  31. News: Racing Point say Sergio Perez will race in 70th Anniversary GP – pending negative Covid test. 7 August 2020. F1. 6 August 2020. 7 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807224548/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.racing-point-say-perez-will-race-in-70th-anniversary-gp-pending-negative.6xIByUDrMKDb41z3LfkHYy.html. live.
  32. Web site: Rencken . Dieter . Collantine . Keith . Official: Racing Point name 'supersub' Hulkenberg as Perez's replacement for British Grand Prix . RaceFans . 31 July 2020 . 31 July 2020 . 18 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211018103922/https://www.racefans.net/2020/07/31/official-racing-point-name-hulkenberg-as-perezs-replacement-for-british-grand-prix/ . live .
  33. Web site: Hulkenberg to stand in for Perez at Racing Point at 70th Anniversary GP. 7 August 2020. F1. 7 August 2020. 7 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807101203/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.confirmed-hulkenberg-to-stand-in-for-perez-at-racing-point-at-70th.2YNIHBSSTSPV4B83hsC5vN.html. live.
  34. Web site: Sergio Perez will compete in Spanish GP weekend after testing negative for Covid-19. 13 August 2020. F1. 17 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200817110853/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-perez-will-compete-in-spanish-gp-weekend-after-testing-negative-for.5xCHxe9XrVYLTPR9pAio7k.html. live.
  35. Web site: Smith . Luke . Hulkenberg to replace Stroll ahead of F1 Eifel GP qualifying . . . 10 October 2020 . 12 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201212040106/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/152694/hulkenberg-to-replace-unwell-stroll-at-f1-eifel-gp . live .
  36. Web site: Haas F1 Team Confirms Fittipaldi for Sakhir Grand Prix . . 30 November 2020 . 30 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201130110156/https://www.haasf1team.com/news/haas-f1-team-confirms-fittipaldi-sakhir-grand-prix . live .
  37. Web site: Grosjean announces he will miss Abu Dhabi GP to focus on recovery, bringing Haas career to a close. F1. 6 December 2020. 6 December 2020. 19 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201219140903/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-grosjean-announces-he-will-miss-abu-dhabi-gp-to-focus-on-recovery.hO85GVQ5eU3927lFFAM5W.html. live.
  38. News: Hamilton to miss F1 Sakhir GP after testing positive for COVID-19. Autosport. Cooper. Adam. 1 December 2020. 1 December 2020. 1 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201201073312/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/153866/hamilton-to-miss-sakhir-gp-after-positive-covid19-test. live.
  39. Web site: Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team Announcement . . 1 December 2020 . 6 February 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230206060715/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/2020-sakhir-grand-prix/mercedes-amg-f1-team-announcement/ . live .
  40. News: 2 December 2020. George Russell to replace Hamilton at Mercedes for Sakhir Grand Prix. 2 December 2020. F1. 2 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201202070841/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-george-russell-to-replace-hamilton-at-mercedes-for-sakhir-grand.5vMOKRppSzFMz7RZzdzmxs.html. live.
  41. News: Russell joins Mercedes for Sakhir GP, Aitken to make F1 debut for Williams. limited. 2 December 2020. 2 December 2020. Autosport. Smith. Luke. 22 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210122012945/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/153890/russell-joins-mercedes-for-sakhir-gp. live.
  42. Web site: Hamilton to make Mercedes return in Abu Dhabi after testing Covid-negative, with Russell heading back to Williams. formula1.com. 10 December 2020. 10 December 2020. 10 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201210174506/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-to-make-mercedes-return-in-abu-dhabi-after-testing-covid-negative.6crMz5aWmfElFkpMdTpLwL.html. live.
  43. Web site: 19 June 2020. 2020 Formula One Sporting Regulations. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200712054833/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/2020_formula_1_sporting_regulations_-_iss_9_-_2020-06-19_0.pdf. 12 July 2020. 12 July 2020. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 31.
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  118. Web site: Racing Point to appeal verdict in brake duct case. F1. 12 August 2020. 12 August 2020. 3 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230603075153/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.racing-point-to-appeal-verdict-in-brake-duct-case.3cWVqF5qGvalnj2qeD1UEY.html. live.
  119. Web site: 'The controversy should be put behind us' – Renault withdraw appeal against Racing Point ruling. F1. 25 August 2020. 25 August 2020. 8 June 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230608061327/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-renault-withdraw-appeal-against-racing-point-ruling.3mouYmZ5oKCidDwtQ4JolC.html. live.
  120. Web site: Racing Point withdraw appeal against stewards' verdict on RP20 brake ducts. F1. 6 September 2020. 6 September 2020. 22 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230322163057/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.racing-point-withdraw-appeal-against-stewards-verdict-on-rp20-brake-ducts.7AHXiQUy5H79Ca1vhLuyec.html. live.
  121. Web site: Ferrari withdraw appeal against Racing Point brake duct penalty to end saga. F1. 6 September 2020. 6 September 2020. 26 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230326051846/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.ferrari-withdraw-appeal-against-racing-point-brake-duct-penalty-to-end-saga.1qlSXAk0JQa0yX27AXQtTb.html. live.
  122. Web site: 5 July 2020. Bottas beats Leclerc and Norris to win dramatic Austrian GP as Hamilton is penalised. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200715145734/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.bottas-beats-leclerc-and-norris-to-win-dramatic-austrian-gp-as-hamilton-is.4hTWtVVkWLxgPKSqkmKfYF.html. 15 July 2020. 7 August 2020. F1.
  123. Web site: Hamilton eases to Styrian Grand Prix victory over Bottas as Ferraris collide. live. 16 July 2020. 7 August 2020 . F1 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200716054623/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-eases-to-styrian-grand-prix-victory-over-bottas-as-ferraris-collide.5PfZ0DxltY7qOrbeVXMLa3.html.
  124. Web site: Hamilton romps to eighth Hungarian Grand Prix win, as Verstappen recovers to second. 19 July 2020. 13 August 2020. F1. 8 April 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220408155341/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-romps-to-eighth-hungarian-grand-prix-win-as-verstappen-recovers-to.4eMNXqckIGAaCyfw1Qtg3x.html. live.
  125. Web site: Hamilton limps to seventh British Grand Prix victory after late tyre drama. 2 August 2020. 13 August 2020. F1. 3 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803203444/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-limps-to-seventh-british-grand-prix-victory-after-late-tyre-drama.5M1ymXB39Krga1wQRJ5RNc.html. live.
  126. Web site: Max Verstappen defeats Mercedes duo to seal brilliant Silverstone win. 9 August 2020. 13 August 2020. F1. 23 March 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230323110635/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.max-verstappen-defeats-mercedes-duo-to-seal-brilliant-silverstone-win.7yP50JmLD9J01XsU4hhMex.html. live.
  127. Web site: 16 August 2020. Dominant Hamilton eases to fifth Spanish GP win as Verstappen splits Mercedes. 20 August 2020. F1. 19 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200819153756/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.dominant-hamilton-eases-to-fifth-spanish-gp-win-as-verstappen-splits.7rpPdVJJW3PHkrnNAisQ3G.html. live.
  128. Web site: Hamilton takes masterful fourth win at Spa from Bottas as Ferrari finish out of the points. 16 September 2020. F1. 30 August 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200830224037/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-takes-masterful-fourth-win-at-spa-from-bottas-as-ferrari-finish-out.E8KCVXQHm4h6OdGoZHySe.html. live.
  129. Web site: Gasly beats Sainz to maiden win in Monza thriller, as Hamilton recovers to P7 after penalty. 16 September 2020. F1. 6 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200906230949/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.gasly-takes-maiden-win-in-monza-thriller-from-sainz-as-penalty-leaves.2wjQyiSgOy8ggwcJlWHhsi.html. live.
  130. Web site: Hamilton beats Bottas to win crazy Tuscan GP, as Albon secures maiden podium. 16 September 2020. F1. 13 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200913175506/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-beats-bottas-to-win-crazy-tuscan-gp-as-albon-secures-maiden-podium.6TqXlnjsxf0fZ5q0tubg18.html. live.
  131. Web site: 27 September 2020. Bottas eases to Sochi win over Verstappen as penalty leaves Hamilton P3. 12 October 2020. F1. 29 May 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230529022516/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.bottas-eases-to-sochi-win-over-verstappen-as-penalty-leaves-hamilton-p3.4msdj3UrSUS8cyPYpXTzGJ.html. live.
  132. Web site: 11 October 2020. Hamilton takes record-equalling 91st victory as Ricciardo claims first Renault podium at Eifel GP. 12 October 2020. F1. 1 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101071756/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-takes-record-equalling-91st-victory-at-eifel-gp-as-ricciardo-claims.5z1UB37DlpHwKWM9GBM90M.html. live.
  133. Web site: 25 October 2020. Hamilton takes record-breaking 92nd win with dominant drive in Portuguese GP. 26 October 2020. F1. 4 February 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230204032031/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-takes-record-breaking-92nd-win-with-dominant-drive-in-portuguese-gp.5gTAYvkxPrfqhT8ZYZFRt2.html. live.
  134. Web site: Hamilton wins wild race in Imola as Mercedes clinch seventh-straight constructors' title. F1. 1 November 2020. 2 November 2020. 19 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201119174919/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-wins-wild-race-in-imola-as-mercedes-clinch-seventh-straight.3B7QIQp1BeTM7SMlKlcoj8.html. live.
  135. Web site: Hamilton seals historic 7th title with peerless wet-weather victory in Turkey. F1. 15 November 2020. 17 November 2020. 17 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201117064210/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-seals-historic-7th-title-with-peerless-wet-weather-victory-in.4wK1atemiXDvWXQxOknL4J.html. live.
  136. Web site: Stroll takes scintillating Turkish GP pole in dramatic, rain-hit qualifying. F1. 14 November 2020. 17 November 2020. 17 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201117064100/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.stroll-takes-scintillating-turkish-gp-pole-in-chaotic-rain-hit-qualifying.5WR4u0y0D9oMU3vYxmtFyj.html. live.
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  140. Web site: Hamilton wins Bahrain GP interrupted by huge Grosjean crash, as Perez suffers late heartbreak. F1. 29 November 2020. 29 November 2020. 29 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129173135/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-wins-bahrain-gp-interrupted-by-huge-grosjean-crash-as-perez-suffers.1VOaoGnobv5rik9CwmivVs.html. live.
  141. Web site: Sergio Perez takes sensational maiden win in Sakhir GP as tyre issues ruin Russell's charge. F1. 6 December 2020. 7 December 2020. 7 December 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201207063434/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.sergio-perez-takes-sensational-maiden-win-in-sakhir-gp-as-tyre-issues-ruin.2TBf7rg5wpgELNALXJLRHV.html. live.
  142. Web site: 7 December 2020. Perez breaks Webber's record with 190-race wait for first win. 11 December 2020. RaceFans. 16 January 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230116202635/https://www.racefans.net/2020/12/07/perez-breaks-webbers-record-with-190-race-wait-for-first-win/. live.
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